CN115165436A - Method for monitoring vertical information of field crop phenotype - Google Patents
Method for monitoring vertical information of field crop phenotype Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, which is based on a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system and comprises the following steps: the camera bellows platform is used for carrying a sensor and related equipment and constructing a stable darkroom monitoring environment; the canopy layering mechanism is arranged on the dark box platform and used for quantitatively dividing canopy layers and crushing the canopy layers into uniform samples; the blanking mechanism is used for receiving the cut and crushed samples; the sample conveying mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for conveying the samples crushed by the canopy layering mechanism to different stations; the monitoring mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for monitoring the phenotype data of the sample; and the control mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for controlling the whole monitoring system and the setting of related parameters. The method realizes the monitoring of the vertical information of the crop canopy and is helpful to realize more informative and precise quick estimation of the crop phenotype vertical distribution information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of crop phenotype monitoring.
Background
The phenotype of the crops is the physical, physiological and biochemical characteristics and characters in the growth and development process of the dynamic interaction influence of the genotype and the complex environment, and is an important basis for explaining the growth and development rule of the crops and the relationship between the crop and the environment. For example, nitrogen element participates in various physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and tissue formation in various forms; canopy biomass influences canopy light interception and is also an important index for judging photosynthetic accumulation; water is used as an energy source and a driving force which are necessary for the life process of crops and has direct influence on the growth of the crops, and the canopy information can visually represent the growth and development states of the crops. In the growth and development process of crops, factors such as nutrition, functions, leaf age, light and the like of leaves at different positions cause heterogeneity of biochemical components in the distribution of canopy, and accurate monitoring of vertical distribution of canopy phenotype is an important basis for discussing physiological mechanisms and variety screening of crops.
Traditional canopy information acquisition often passes through destructive chemical method, and complex operation, waste time and energy, the operating efficiency is low, and the error is great, is difficult to satisfy current wisdom agriculture and intelligent breeding demand. In recent years, thanks to the rapid development of information technology, hyperspectral remote sensing occupies an important position in crop canopy monitoring due to the fact that high-resolution waveband information is rich, but in the past, canopy is assumed to be a uniform whole aiming at canopy phenotype information monitoring, vertical distribution is omitted, monitoring accuracy is limited, and related practical values are low.
At present, vertical monitoring based on hyperspectrum is mainly divided into three types: 1. canopy spectrum monitoring: and establishing a quantitative model by using the canopy spectrum and the actually measured biochemical component content of different layers. However, the reflectivity of the canopy mainly comes from the top of the canopy, and the effective spectral information of the lower layer cannot be acquired. 2. Multi-angle observation: and (4) modeling by screening the optimal observation angle combination and using the combined spectral information and the layered measured values. However, the optimal angle combinations screened in different growth periods are different, and the popularization and the application are difficult. 3. Layered spectral monitoring: and carrying out hierarchical division according to the height of the crops, shearing vegetation according to the hierarchy, vertically obtaining the spectral information of each layer, and modeling with the measured value of the corresponding layer. But this method is complicated in data acquisition and changes the actual distribution of light in the canopy. In the above in-situ vertical monitoring method, the spectral information is easily affected by factors such as the observed quantity implanted in the visual field, the background environment, the BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function), and the like.
The existing vertical monitoring method for the information of the canopy is complex in operation, low in efficiency, relatively high in environmental interference, poor in model generalization capability, coarse in layering and few in layers of the canopy, insufficient in acquired information and difficult to meet the requirement of data mining, so that accurate, efficient, timely, rapid and more detailed information monitoring means for the canopy in the whole growth period is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, which realizes accurate monitoring of crop phenotype vertical information and simultaneously considers monitoring efficiency and precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system in a first aspect, which comprises: the camera bellows platform is used for carrying a sensor and related equipment and constructing a stable darkroom monitoring environment; the canopy layering mechanism is arranged on the dark box platform and used for quantitatively dividing canopy layers and crushing the canopy layers into uniform samples; the blanking mechanism is used for receiving the cut and crushed samples; the sample conveying mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for conveying the samples crushed by the canopy layering mechanism to different stations; the monitoring mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for monitoring the phenotype data of the sample; and the control mechanism is arranged on the camera bellows platform and is used for controlling the whole monitoring system and the setting of related parameters.
The field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system preferably comprises a dark blanking mechanism: the blanking funnel is positioned below the canopy layering mechanism, is used for receiving a cut and crushed sample, and is arranged inside the camera bellows platform; the camera bellows platform also comprises a frame, and the frame is positioned around the camera bellows platform and supports the camera bellows platform; the plates are positioned on the periphery of the rack and form a camera bellows platform together with the rack.
Preferably, the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system comprises a canopy layering mechanism and a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system, wherein the canopy layering mechanism comprises: a conveyor belt; the material pressing belt is positioned above the conveying belt; the rotary blade is positioned at the outlet of the conveying belt; the speed regulating button is used for regulating the rotating speed of the conveying belt and the rotating blade; and the protective door is covered on the outer side of the rotary blade to prevent personnel from contacting the rotary blade.
The field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system preferably comprises a sample conveying mechanism and a vertical information monitoring system, wherein the vertical information monitoring system comprises: the sample box is erected on the motion linear module and moves at different stations in the camera bellows platform.
Preferably, the monitoring mechanism of the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system comprises: the high spectrum instrument ASD has the wavelength range of 350-2500nm, the scanning time of 100ms and the wavelength precision of 0.5nm; the RGB camera is positioned on one side of the ASD optical fiber probe of the high-speed spectrometer; the halogen lamp is a quartz-tungsten-halogen lamp, and is a 70W,15V lighting system and positioned on the other side of the ASD optical fiber probe of the high-speed spectrometer; and the balance is positioned obliquely below the ASD fiber probe of the high-resolution spectrometer.
Preferably, the control mechanism of the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system is connected with a conveying belt, a rotary blade and a speed regulating button in the canopy layering mechanism to control quantitative cutting and uniform crushing of samples; the control mechanism is connected with the linear motion module in the sample conveying mechanism and used for controlling the movement of the sample; the control mechanism is connected with the high-spectrum ASD, the RGB camera and the balance in the monitoring mechanism, and controls the monitoring mode of the high-spectrum ASD, the shooting mode of the RGB camera, the weighing mode of the balance and the lighting mode of the halogen lamp.
The invention provides a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, which adopts the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the camera bellows platform is used for carrying a sensor and related equipment and constructing a darkroom monitoring environment; the canopy layering mechanism is arranged on the camera bellows platform and is used for quantitatively dividing canopy layers and crushing the canopy layers into uniform samples; the blanking mechanism is used for receiving the cut and crushed samples; the sample conveying mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for conveying the samples crushed by the canopy layering mechanism to different stations; the monitoring mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for monitoring the phenotype information of the sample; the control mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for controlling the whole monitoring system and parameter setting; the monitoring mechanism includes: the all-band stable light source halogen lamp is mounted on a first cross beam at the upper end in the camera bellows platform through a first mounting plate, and the angle scale plate is mounted on the first mounting plate and used for adjusting the angle of the light source; the RGB camera is installed on a second beam at the upper end in the camera bellows platform through a second carrying plate; the optical fiber detector of the high-speed spectrograph and the RGB camera share one carrying plate, the monitoring height of the high-speed spectrograph is adjusted through an optical fiber fixer, the monitoring centers and the light center of two sensors of the high-speed spectrograph are consistent with the central position of a monitoring box of the high-speed spectrograph, and a host of the high-speed spectrograph is placed on a sliding table plate on a camera bellows platform; the analytical balance is arranged in the bottom of the camera bellows platform and keeps balance.
Step two: installing a Bio-Master system at the PC end, matching the Bio-Master system with a control mechanism, previewing the state of a sample in the monitoring box in real time through an interface window, and adding and displaying the phenotype estimation results of each level in real time in an interface of the Bio-Master system;
step three: adding sample point acquisition basic information in a Bio-Master system, setting the cutting length and the crushing degree of the canopy, and automatically generating a logic number by the system; the basic information includes but is not limited to: testing and processing varieties, growth period, fertilizing amount and the like;
step four: quantitatively cutting and uniformly crushing a sample by controlling a canopy layering mechanism through a Bio-Master system, dropping the sample into a sample box of a sample conveying mechanism through a blanking mechanism, and controlling the sample conveying mechanism to convey the sample box to the lower part of a monitoring mechanism;
step five: setting an illumination mode of a halogen lamp and a shooting mode of an RGB camera by operating a Bio-Master system, previewing a sample state and a spectral reflection curve in real time through a software interface window, and simultaneously acquiring reflectivity data and image data of a sample by operating a software key; under the action of the control mechanism, the sample conveying mechanism conveys the sample to a balance of the monitoring mechanism, and the net fresh weight data of the sample is accurately acquired by operating a Bio-Master system; performing phenotype estimation through a system internal architecture algorithm, adding and displaying a result on a system interface in real time, and simultaneously compressing and storing original data and an estimation result in a database of the system;
step six: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step to realize acquisition of canopy phenotype vertical information of a single sample;
step seven: and returning to the step three to select the processing number, performing other processing monitoring, and after all processing data are acquired, downloading the data in the system database to a computer for local storage in batches or selectively by operating the Bio-Master system.
Preferably, the fifth step includes the following specific steps:
step 1: the reflectance data obtained by the high spectrometer and the fresh weight data obtained by the analytical balance realize inversion of the water content and the dry weight of the sample through partial least squares regression;
step 2: the acquired reflectivity data is coupled with a radiation transmission physical model through a machine learning algorithm, so that the inversion of the nitrogen content and the chlorophyll content of the sample is realized;
and step 3: the phenotype estimation information obtained by inversion realizes logical correspondence with the processing number and the layer number thereof, and is added into the canopy vertical distribution model one by one according to the layer number;
and 4, step 4: the obtained RGB image and spectrum curve graph is used for checking an abnormal value, and the abnormal value is removed from the model in the step 3 to realize a final canopy vertical distribution model; meanwhile, the effective data is automatically divided into data sets for training of the original inversion algorithm.
According to the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, preferably, a high-temperature early warning device is arranged inside a dark box platform, and when the temperature in the dark box exceeds a specified temperature, a sound is given to prompt heat dissipation.
According to the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, preferably, the crown layer layering mechanism is externally provided with a speed regulating button, and the segmentation parameters can be manually set; and an emergency brake button and an automatic cutter power-off device are arranged, so that the safety operation is protected under the condition that the cutting bin is not closed or other required conditions.
According to the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, the bottom and the periphery of a monitoring box in a sample conveying mechanism are preferably coated with
The diffuse reflection coating is applicable to the wavelength range covering all wave bands of 350-2500nm, and has heat resistance, diffuse reflection performance and high Lambert characteristic.
According to the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, preferably, the halogen lamp in the monitoring mechanism is a quartz-tungsten-halogen lamp and is used for simulating natural sunlight, so that light rays received by a sample are uniform and consistent and are not influenced by an external light source, the consistency of a detection environment is ensured, and the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method has a cooling function due to the fact that a fan is arranged.
Preferably, basic information collected by a sampling point, the cutting length and the crushing degree of a sample and the arrangement of sensors can be set in a Bio-Master system, and the basic information and the crushing degree can be displayed on a Bio-Master data display interface in one-to-one correspondence with the sensor data of the sample.
According to the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, preferably, a monitoring mode of the high-speed spectrograph is set in a Bio-Master system, a shooting mode of the RGB camera can display a spectrum and RGB images on a Bio-Master interface in real time, and when data is found to be wrong or not stored in a background, the interface pops up to remind of re-acquisition.
According to the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method, preferably, a control mechanism is connected with a conveying belt, a rotary blade and a speed regulating button in a canopy layering mechanism to control quantitative cutting and uniform crushing of a sample; the control mechanism is connected with the linear motion module in the sample conveying mechanism and used for controlling the movement of the sample box at different stations; the control mechanism is connected with a high-speed spectrometer, an RGB camera, a balance and a halogen lamp in the monitoring mechanism, and controls the monitoring mode of the high-speed spectrometer, the shooting mode of the RGB camera, the weighing mode of the balance and the lighting mode of the halogen lamp.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the canopy layering mechanism, the sample conveying mechanism, the monitoring mechanism and the control mechanism are integrated on the camera bellows platform to form a whole set of monitoring device, and by using the device, phenotype information including dry weight, water content, nitrogen content, chlorophyll content and the like of a vertical section of a crop can be semi-automatically monitored by operating a Bio-Master system.
2. The monitoring process of the invention is completed in the darkroom platform, and the darkroom platform is provided with the halogen lamp, so that the monitoring is not influenced by an external light source, the consistency of the monitoring environment is ensured, and the high precision of the monitoring method is ensured.
3. The device system is a detachable device, so that the device system is convenient to detach; the platform is a semi-automatic platform, and the bottom of the platform is provided with traveling wheels, so that the platform is beneficial to field transportation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a vertical information monitoring device for field crop phenotype provided by this embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an internal view of a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring apparatus provided by this embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an inside side view of a vertical information monitoring device for field crop phenotype according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a cutting shredder in the vertical information monitoring device for field crop phenotype provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a cutting mill in the vertical information monitoring device for field crop phenotypes according to this embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a rotary blade in the cutting mill according to the embodiment of the present invention;
1-cutting pulverizer, 101-motor, 102-conveyer belt, 103-rotating blade, 104-pressing belt, 105-pressing spring, 106-protective door, 107-protective door buckle, 108-rotating speed regulating valve; 2-a detection chamber; 3-a sample detection cartridge; 4-a motion linear module; 5-weigh sample collection box (electronic balance); 6-a weighing module; 7-a frame; 8-instrument mounting assembly; 9-a blanking funnel; 10-a monitoring module; 11-a camera module; 12-speed regulating knob; 13-ASD.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As used herein, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system, which includes:
the camera bellows platform is used for carrying a sensor and constructing a camera chamber monitoring environment; the canopy layering mechanism is arranged on the camera bellows platform and is used for quantitatively cutting and uniformly crushing a sample; the blanking mechanism is used for receiving the cut and crushed samples; the sample conveying mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for conveying the samples crushed by the canopy layering mechanism to different stations; the monitoring mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for monitoring the phenotype information of the sample; and the control mechanism is used for controlling the whole monitoring system.
Further, the camera bellows platform comprises a rack 7 and plates, wherein the rack 7 is positioned around the camera bellows platform and supports the camera bellows platform; the plates are positioned around the frame 7 and form a camera bellows platform together with the frame 7.
Further, the canopy layering mechanism includes a cutting shredder 1 for quantitative cutting and uniform shredding of crops. The cutting shredder further comprises: the device comprises a motor 101, a conveying belt 102, a rotary blade 103, a material pressing belt 104, a material pressing spring 105, a protective door 106 and a speed regulating knob 12. The motor 101 is used for providing power for the conveying belt 102 and the rotary blade 103; the rotary blade 103 is arranged at the output end of the conveying belt 102; the material pressing belt 104 is arranged above the conveyer belt 102 and used for receiving the sample transmitted by the conveyer belt 102 and conveying the sample to the rotary blade 103; the material pressing spring 105 is arranged above the material pressing belt 104; a protective door 106 covers the outside of the rotary blade 103 to prevent a person from contacting the rotary blade 103; the speed knob 12 is used to adjust the rotational speed of the conveyor belt 102 and the rotary blade 103.
Further, blanking mechanism includes: and the blanking funnel 9 is positioned below the canopy layering mechanism, is used for receiving, cutting and crushing samples, and is arranged inside the camera bellows platform.
Further, the sample transport mechanism comprises: a sample box 3 and a motion straight line module 4, wherein the size of the sample box 3 is 80 multiplied by 80mm, the height is a cuboid of 60mm, and the bottom and the periphery of the sample box are coated with
Diffuse reflection coating and motion linear moldGroup 4 is mounted with sample boxes moving at different stations within the camera platform.
Further, the monitoring mechanism includes: the hyperspectral meter ASD13 is characterized in that the wavelength range of the hyperspectral meter ASD13 is 350-2500nm, the scanning time is 100ms, and the wavelength precision is 0.5nm; the RGB camera is positioned on one side of the hyperspectral meter ASD13 optical fiber probe; the halogen lamp is a quartz-tungsten-halogen lamp, and a 70W,15V lighting system is positioned on the other side of the ASD13 optical fiber probe of the hyperspectral meter; and the balance is positioned obliquely below the hyperspectral instrument ASD13 fiber probe.
Further, the control mechanism is connected with a conveying belt 102, a rotary blade 103 and a speed regulating button in the canopy layering mechanism to control quantitative cutting and uniform crushing of the sample; the control mechanism is connected with a linear motion module 4 in the sample conveying mechanism and used for controlling the movement of the sample; the control mechanism is connected with the hyperspectral meter ASD13, the RGB camera and the balance in the monitoring mechanism, and controls the monitoring mode of the hyperspectral meter ASD13, the RGB camera shooting mode, the weighing mode of the balance and the lighting mode of the halogen lamp.
Based on the field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system, the operation method of the monitoring system is described by combining with an actual embodiment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises: the camera bellows platform is used for carrying a sensor and related equipment and constructing a darkroom monitoring environment; the canopy layering mechanism is arranged on the dark box platform and used for quantitatively dividing canopy layers and crushing the canopy layers into uniform samples; the blanking mechanism is used for receiving the cut and crushed samples; the sample conveying mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for conveying the samples crushed by the canopy layering mechanism to different stations; the monitoring mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for monitoring the phenotype information of the sample; the control mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for controlling the whole monitoring system and parameter setting; the monitoring mechanism includes: the all-band stable light source halogen lamp is mounted on a first cross beam at the upper end in the camera bellows platform through a first mounting plate, and the angle scale plate is mounted on the first mounting plate and used for adjusting the angle of the light source; the RGB camera is installed on a second beam at the upper end in the camera bellows platform through a second carrying plate; the optical fiber detector of the high-speed spectrograph and the RGB camera share one carrying plate, the monitoring height of the high-speed spectrograph is adjusted through an optical fiber fixer, the monitoring centers and the light center of two sensors of the high-speed spectrograph are consistent with the central position of a monitoring box of the high-speed spectrograph, and a host of the high-speed spectrograph is placed on a sliding table plate on a camera bellows platform; the analytical balance is arranged at the bottom in the camera bellows platform and keeps balance;
step two: installing a Bio-Master system at a PC end, matching the Bio-Master system with a control mechanism, previewing the state of a sample in a monitoring box in real time through an interface window, and adding and displaying the evaluation result of each level of phenotype in real time in an interface of the Bio-Master system;
step three: adding sample point acquisition basic information in a Bio-Master system, setting the cutting length and the crushing degree of the canopy, and automatically generating a logic number by the system; the basic information includes but is not limited to: testing and processing varieties, growth period, fertilizing amount and the like;
step four: the method comprises the following steps of controlling a canopy layering mechanism to quantitatively cut and uniformly crush a sample through a Bio-Master system, enabling the sample to fall into a sample box of a sample conveying mechanism through a blanking mechanism, and controlling the sample conveying mechanism to convey the sample box to the position below a monitoring mechanism;
step five: setting an illumination mode of a halogen lamp and a shooting mode of an RGB camera by operating a Bio-Master system, previewing a sample state and a spectral reflection curve in real time through a software interface window, and operating a software key to simultaneously acquire reflectivity data and image data of a sample; under the action of the control mechanism, the sample conveying mechanism conveys the sample to a balance of the monitoring mechanism, and the net fresh weight data of the sample is accurately acquired by operating a Bio-Master system; performing phenotype estimation through a system internal architecture algorithm, adding and displaying a result on a system interface in real time, and simultaneously compressing and storing original data and an estimation result in a database of the system;
step six: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step to realize acquisition of the canopy phenotype vertical information of a single sample;
step seven: and returning to the step three to select the processing number, carrying out other processing monitoring, and after all processing is finished, downloading the data in the system database to a computer for local storage in batches or selectively by operating the Bio-Master system.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that basic information of sampling point collection, the cutting length and the pulverization degree of the sample, and the sensor arrangement are set in the Bio-Master system, and may be presented on the Bio-Master data presentation interface in one-to-one correspondence with the sensor data of the sample.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the Bio-Master system sets a monitoring mode of the hyperspectral imager and a shooting mode of the RGB camera, and the Bio-Master interface can display the spectrum and the RGB image in real time, and if data is found to be wrong or not stored in the background, the interface pops up to remind the user to acquire the data again.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting a field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring system, wherein the system comprises: the camera bellows platform is used for carrying a sensor and related equipment and constructing a darkroom monitoring environment; the canopy layering mechanism is arranged on the camera bellows platform and is used for quantitatively dividing canopy layers and crushing the canopy layers into uniform samples; the blanking mechanism is used for receiving the cut and crushed samples; the sample conveying mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for conveying the samples crushed by the canopy layering mechanism to different stations; the monitoring mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for monitoring the phenotype information of the sample; the control mechanism is arranged in the camera bellows platform and is used for controlling the whole monitoring system and parameter setting; the monitoring mechanism includes: the all-band stable light source halogen lamp is mounted on a first cross beam at the upper end in the camera bellows platform through a first mounting plate, and the angle scale plate is mounted on the first mounting plate and used for adjusting the angle of the light source; the RGB camera is installed on a second beam at the upper end in the camera bellows platform through a second carrying plate; the optical fiber detector of the high-speed spectrograph and the RGB camera share one carrying plate, the monitoring height of the high-speed spectrograph is adjusted through an optical fiber fixer, the monitoring centers and the light center of two sensors of the high-speed spectrograph are consistent with the central position of a monitoring box of the high-speed spectrograph, and a host of the high-speed spectrograph is placed on a sliding table plate on a camera bellows platform; the analytical balance is arranged at the bottom in the camera bellows platform and keeps balance;
step two: installing a Bio-Master system at the PC end, matching the Bio-Master system with a control mechanism, previewing the state of a sample in the monitoring box in real time through an interface window, and adding and displaying the phenotype estimation results of each level in real time in an interface of the Bio-Master system;
step three: adding sampling point acquisition basic information in a Bio-Master system, setting the cutting length and the crushing degree of the canopy, and automatically generating a logic number by the system, wherein the basic information comprises but is not limited to: testing and processing varieties, growth period, fertilizing amount and the like;
step four: the method comprises the following steps of controlling a canopy layering mechanism to quantitatively cut and uniformly crush a sample through a Bio-Master system, enabling the sample to fall into a sample box of a sample conveying mechanism through a blanking mechanism, and controlling the sample conveying mechanism to convey the sample box to the position below a monitoring mechanism;
step five: setting an illumination mode of a halogen lamp and a shooting mode of an RGB camera by operating a Bio-Master system, previewing a sample state and a spectral reflection curve in real time through a software interface window, and simultaneously acquiring reflectivity data and image data of a sample by operating a software key; under the action of the control mechanism, the sample conveying mechanism conveys the sample to a balance of the monitoring mechanism, and the net fresh weight data of the sample is accurately acquired by operating a Bio-Master system; performing phenotype estimation through a system internal architecture algorithm, adding and displaying a result on a system interface in real time, and simultaneously compressing and storing original data and an estimation result in a database of the system;
step six: repeating the fourth step and the fifth step to realize acquisition of the canopy phenotype vertical information of a single sample;
step seven: and returning to the step three to select the processing number, carrying out other processing monitoring, and downloading the data in the system database to a computer for local storage in batch or selectively by operating the Bio-Master system after all the processing data are acquired.
2. The method for monitoring vertical information on phenotype of crop in fields according to claim 1, wherein the fifth step comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: the reflectance data acquired by the high spectrometer and the fresh weight data acquired by the analytical balance realize inversion of the water content and the dry weight of the sample through partial least squares regression;
step 2: the acquired reflectivity data is coupled with a radiation transmission physical model through a machine learning algorithm, so that the inversion of the nitrogen content and the chlorophyll content of the sample is realized;
and step 3: the phenotype estimation information obtained by inversion realizes logical correspondence with the processing number and the layer number thereof, and is added into the canopy vertical distribution model one by one according to the layer number;
and 4, step 4: the obtained RGB image and spectrum curve graph is used for checking an abnormal value, and the abnormal value is removed from the model in the step 3 to realize a final canopy vertical distribution model; meanwhile, the effective data is automatically divided into data sets for training of the original inversion algorithm.
3. The field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a high temperature early warning device is installed inside the camera bellows platform, and when the temperature in the camera bellows exceeds a specified temperature, a sound is given to prompt heat dissipation.
4. The method for monitoring vertical information of phenotype of crop in fields according to claim 1, wherein a speed regulating button is externally arranged on the canopy layering mechanism, and the segmentation parameters can be manually set; and an emergency brake button and an automatic cutter power-off device are arranged, so that the operation safety is protected under the condition that the cutting bin is not closed or under other conditions.
5. The method for monitoring vertical information on phenotype of crop in fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring box in the sample conveying mechanism is coated with the vertical information on the bottom and periphery
The diffuse reflection coating is applicable to the wavelength range covering all wave bands of 350-2500nm, and has heat resistance, diffuse reflection performance and high Lambert characteristic.
6. The method for monitoring vertical information of phenotype of crops in fields according to claim 1, wherein the halogen lamp in the monitoring mechanism is a quartz-tungsten-halogen lamp which is used for simulating natural sunlight, so that the light rays received by the sample are uniform and consistent and are not influenced by an external light source, the consistency of the detection environment is ensured, and the self-contained fan has a cooling function.
7. The method for monitoring vertical information of phenotype of crop in fields according to claim 1, wherein basic information collected by sampling points, the cutting length and the crushing degree of samples and the arrangement of sensors can be set in a Bio-Master system, and the basic information and the cutting length, the crushing degree and the arrangement of the sensors can be presented on a Bio-Master data display interface in one-to-one correspondence with the sensor data of the samples.
8. The field crop phenotype vertical information monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein a monitoring mode of the high-speed spectrometer is set in a Bio-Master system, a shooting mode of the RGB camera is capable of displaying a spectrum and RGB images on a Bio-Master interface in real time, and when data is found to be wrong or not stored in a background, the interface pops up to remind for re-acquisition.
9. The method for monitoring the vertical information of the phenotype of the field crops according to claim 1, characterized in that a control mechanism is connected with a conveying belt, a rotary blade and a speed regulating button in a canopy layering mechanism to control the quantitative cutting and the uniform crushing of the samples; the control mechanism is connected with the linear motion module in the sample conveying mechanism and used for controlling the movement of the sample box at different stations; the control mechanism is connected with a high-speed spectrometer, an RGB camera, a balance and a halogen lamp in the monitoring mechanism, and controls the monitoring mode of the high-speed spectrometer, the shooting mode of the RGB camera, the weighing mode of the balance and the lighting mode of the halogen lamp.
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