CN115164953A - Cavity length detection optimization method of Fabry-Perot point type optical fiber sensor - Google Patents
Cavity length detection optimization method of Fabry-Perot point type optical fiber sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cavity length detection optimization method of a Fabry-Perot point-type optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: constructing a reflected light intensity model with the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity as a fitting control parameter; acquiring incident light intensity data, acquiring actually measured reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data, and acquiring theoretical reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data and a reflected light intensity model; constructing an error criterion based on the actually measured reflected light intensity data and the theoretical reflected light intensity data; fitting with minimized error criterion is carried out, so that the corresponding fitting control parameters can realize optimal fitting, and the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is obtained. The invention is applied to the field of optical fiber sensing, can remarkably improve the problem of inaccurate cavity length calculation of the Fabry-Perot point type optical fiber sensor caused by non-constant output in the bandwidth of a broadband light source, and has wide applicability and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a cavity length detection optimization method of a Fabry-Perot point type optical fiber sensor.
Background
The point type optical fiber sensor has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high precision, high sensitivity, fast response, wide frequency band, small size, easy preparation, corrosion resistance and the like, can be applied to monitoring of dynamic quantity and static quantity, and comprises the detection of dynamic sound pressure, vibration, acceleration and the like and the detection of static pressure, reflectivity, humidity, temperature and the like.
Compared with other point type optical fiber sensors such as Mach-Zehnder interference type, michelson interference type and Sagnac interference type, the Fabry-Perot type point type optical fiber sensor has the advantages of being compact in structure, high in sensitivity and the like, a typical structure in the Fabry-Perot type point type optical fiber sensor is a Fabry-Perot cavity formed by an optical fiber end face and a sensitive diaphragm, and when vibration and pressure wait for measuring physical quantity to act on the sensitive diaphragm, the cavity length changes, so that the optical path difference changes slightly, phase modulation is formed, and physical quantity detection is achieved. In the prior art, a Fabry-Perot type point optical fiber sensor prototype model machine is manufactured by using end faces of optical fibers at two ends as early as 90 s in the 20 th century, and a Fabry-Perot cavity is manufactured based on a polymer film and multimode optical fibers in 1996. Around 2000, fabry-Perot cavities are prepared by taking silicon diaphragms as sensitive diaphragms, and after 2000, fabry-Perot type point-mode optical fiber sensors are developed by respectively taking copper films, SU-8 photoresist films, silver films, graphene films and the like as the sensitive diaphragms.
The interference spectrum demodulation method of the Fabry-Perot type point optical fiber sensor is mainly divided into two types of phase demodulation and intensity demodulation. The interference spectrum intensity demodulation method has the advantages of generally poor precision, small measuring range and high requirement on a light source; the interference spectrum phase demodulation method has the advantages of high precision, large measuring range and great application potential in the field of high-precision measurement, and is a relatively common demodulation method in the current Fabry-Perot type point type optical fiber sensor demodulation system. The main phase demodulation methods include a fringe counting method, a fourier transform method, a correlation demodulation method, and the like, wherein the fringe counting method, particularly a double-peak demodulation method in the fringe counting method, is the simplest and easiest-to-implement demodulation method in principle in the phase demodulation method. Current research work shows that small errors in peak identification in interference spectra can lead to larger fringe counting method resolving errors. In order to overcome the problem and accurately solve the Fabry-Perot cavity length of the Fabry-Perot type point optical fiber sensor, the invention provides an improved cavity length detection optimization method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of larger error and the like of a cavity length detection method in the prior art, provides a cavity length detection optimization method of a Fabry-Perot type point optical fiber sensor, and has wide applicability and practicability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cavity length detection optimization method for a fabry-perot type point optical fiber sensor, comprising the steps of:
constructing a reflected light intensity model with the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity as a fitting control parameter;
acquiring incident light intensity data, acquiring actually measured reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data, and acquiring theoretical reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data and a reflected light intensity model;
constructing an error criterion based on the actually measured reflected light intensity data and the theoretical reflected light intensity data;
fitting with minimized error criterion is carried out, so that the corresponding fitting control parameters can realize optimal fitting, and the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is obtained.
In one embodiment, the constructing of the reflected light intensity model using the cavity length of the fabry-perot cavity as the fitting control parameter specifically includes:
if the reflectivity of the optical fiber end face-air reflecting surface and the reflectivity of the air-graphite film reflecting surface are respectively R 1 And R 2 Cavity length L, detection wavelength lambda, incident light intensity I 0 Then the photodetector receives the reflected light intensity I R Satisfies the following conditions:
removing the DC offset term, and simplifying the formula (1) into:
in the formula (2), the reaction mixture is,
in order to simplify the reflected light intensity, a, b, c and d are fitting control parameters, wherein the fitting control parameter b is the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity formed by the end face of the optical fiber and the two-dimensional material;
based on the incident light intensity being I 0 Not a constant but a function I of the wavelength of the light 0 (λ i ) Adding a compensation term on the basis of the formula (2), compensating the actual condition that the incident light intensity is not constant in the bandwidth, and obtaining:
in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,
and e is a fitting control parameter.
In one embodiment, the construction is based on an error criterion of measured reflected light intensity data and theoretical reflected light intensity data, and specifically includes:
in the formula (4), J is an error criterion, I R (λ i ) In order to measure the reflected light intensity data,
theoretical reflected light intensity data.
In one embodiment, iterative optimization is performed using previously estimated fitting control parameters during the fitting process where the error criterion is minimized.
In one embodiment, the iterative optimization process is:
s1, preparing actually measured incident light intensity data I 0 (λ i ) And measured reflected light intensity data I R (λ i ) And obtaining theoretical reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data and the reflected light intensity model
S2, using actually measured incident light intensity data I R (λ i ) And theoretical incident light intensity data
Constructing an error criterion J;
s3, setting initial values of control parameters a, b, c, d and e to be fitted;
s4, solving multivariate to obtain an estimation result of the control parameters to be fitted;
and S5, jumping to the step S3, updating the initial value by using the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted, repeating the step S4 until the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted is stable and unchanged, and terminating iteration to obtain the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted, namely the optimal fitting result.
In one embodiment, in step S3, the initial values of the control parameters a, b, c, d, e to be fitted are all set to 1.
In one embodiment, the initial values of the control parameters a, b, c, d, e to be fitted are set as follows:
a is set as the oscillation amplitude of the actually measured reflected light intensity, b is set as the resolving cavity length of the double-peak demodulation algorithm, c is set as 0, and e is set as the mean value of the actually measured reflected light intensity.
In one embodiment, step S4, a multivariate is solved using fminsearch function.
The cavity length detection optimization method of the Fabry-Perot point type optical fiber sensor can remarkably solve the problem of inaccurate cavity length calculation of the Fabry-Perot point type optical fiber sensor caused by non-constant output in the bandwidth of a broadband light source, and has wide applicability and practicability.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an iterative process for cavity length settlement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of incident light intensity data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of measured reflected light intensity data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating comparison of fitting effects of data before and after improvement in an embodiment of the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back \8230;) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the attached drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicators are changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory to each other or cannot be realized, such a combination of the technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment discloses a cavity length detection optimization method of a Fabry-Perot dot-mode optical fiber sensor, which specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing a reflected light intensity model with the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity as a fitting control parameter;
acquiring incident light intensity data, acquiring actually measured reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data, and acquiring theoretical reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data and a reflected light intensity model;
constructing an error criterion based on the actually measured reflected light intensity data and the theoretical reflected light intensity data;
fitting with minimized error criterion is carried out, so that the corresponding fitting control parameters can realize optimal fitting, and the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is obtained.
In the specific implementation process, the process of constructing the reflected light intensity model with the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity as the fitting control parameter specifically comprises the following steps:
ideally, if the reflectivities of the fiber end-face-air reflection surface and the air-graphite film reflection surface are R, respectively 1 And R 2 Cavity length L, detection wavelength lambda, incident light intensity I 0 Then the photodetector receives the reflected light intensity I R Satisfies the following conditions:
by removing the dc offset term, equation (1) can be simplified as:
in the formula (2), the reaction mixture is,
in order to simplify the reflected light intensity, a, b, c and d are fitting control parameters, wherein the fitting control parameter b is the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity formed by the end face of the optical fiber and the two-dimensional material;
in practical detection application, incident light provided by a broadband light source cannot achieve equal light intensity everywhere in a bandwidth, and therefore, the incident light intensity I 0 Not a constant but a function I of the wavelength of the light 0 (lambda). This results in a trend term in the reflected light intensity that is significantly correlated to the incident light intensity. The reflected light intensity received by the photoelectric detector is simply fitted by the simplified formula (2) so that a large fitting error exists. Considering the linear transformation relationship between the reflected light intensity and the incident light intensity, in the above simplified formula (2), a compensation term is added to compensate the actual situation that the incident light intensity is not constant within the bandwidth, thus obtaining a reflected light intensity model, which is:
in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,
and e is a fitting control parameter for theoretical reflected light intensity data.
In the specific implementation process, an error criterion based on the actually measured reflected light intensity data and the theoretical reflected light intensity data is constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula (4), J is an error criterion, I R (λ i ) In order to measure the reflected light intensity data,
theoretical reflected light intensity data.
As a preferred embodiment, the fitting process with the error criterion minimized uses the previously estimated fitting control parameters for iterative optimization, taking into account that the single-fit results may fall into local optima. Referring to fig. 1, the process of iterative optimization is:
s1, preparing actually measured incident light intensity data I 0 (λ i ) I.e. as shown in fig. 2; and actually measured reflected light intensity data I R (λ i ) I.e. as shown in fig. 3; and theoretical reflected light intensity data are obtained based on the incident light intensity data and the reflected light intensity model
S2, using the reflected light intensity data I R (λ i ) And actually measuring the incident light intensity data
Constructing an error criterion J;
s3, setting initial values of control parameters a, b, c, d and e to be fitted;
s4, solving multivariable to obtain an estimation result of the control parameters to be fitted;
and S5, jumping to the step S3, updating the initial value by using the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted, repeating the step S4 until the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted is stable and unchanged, terminating iteration, and obtaining the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted which is the optimal fitting result.
In step S3, the initial values of the control parameters a, b, c, d, e to be fitted are all set to 1.
In step S4, multivariate is solved using fminsearch function.
In this embodiment, initial values of the control parameters a, b, c, d, and e to be fitted may all be set to 1, and the obtained optimal parameter combination may be the optimal parameter combination
x 0 ＝[0.93,65.68,-34.82,190700.41,-2.06]
The cavity length was found to be 65.68 microns. As shown in fig. 4, the solid line in the graph is the actually measured reflected light intensity, the dotted line is the fitting result before the method is improved, and the dotted line is the fitting result after the method is improved. Therefore, the cavity length detection optimization method in the embodiment can obviously solve the problem of inaccurate cavity length calculation of the Fabry-Perot type point optical fiber sensor caused by non-constant output in the bandwidth of the broadband light source, and has wide applicability and practicability.
As a preferred embodiment, the initial values of the control parameters a, b, c, d, e to be fitted may also be selected to be set as follows: a is set as the oscillation amplitude of the actually measured reflected light intensity, b is set as the resolving cavity length of the double-peak demodulation algorithm, c is set as 0, and e is set as the mean value of the actually measured reflected light intensity. It has a faster convergence to the best fit than setting the initial value to 1 directly.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting and optimizing the cavity length of a Fabry-Perot point type optical fiber sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a reflected light intensity model with the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity as a fitting control parameter;
acquiring incident light intensity data, obtaining actually-measured reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data, and obtaining theoretical reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity data and a reflected light intensity model;
constructing an error criterion based on the actually measured reflected light intensity data and the theoretical reflected light intensity data;
fitting with minimized error criterion is carried out, so that the corresponding fitting control parameters can realize optimal fitting, and the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is obtained.
2. The method for detecting and optimizing the cavity length of the fabry-perot type point optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein the constructing of the reflected light intensity model using the cavity length of the fabry-perot cavity as a fitting control parameter comprises:
if the reflectivity of the optical fiber end face-air reflecting surface and the reflectivity of the air-graphite film reflecting surface are respectively R 1 And R 2 Cavity length L, detection wavelength lambda, incident light intensity I 0 Then the photoelectric detector receives the theoretical reflected light intensity I R Satisfies the following conditions:
removing the DC offset term, and simplifying the formula (1) as follows:
in the formula (2), the reaction mixture is,
for simplified reflected light intensity, a, b, c, d are pseudoCombining control parameters, wherein the fitting control parameter b is the cavity length of a Fabry-Perot cavity formed by the end face of the optical fiber and the two-dimensional material;
based on the incident light intensity as I 0 Not a constant but a function I of the wavelength of the light 0 (λ i ) Adding a compensation term on the basis of the equation (2), compensating the actual condition that the incident light intensity is not constant in the bandwidth, and obtaining:
in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,
and e is a fitting control parameter for theoretical reflected light intensity data.
3. The method for detecting and optimizing the cavity length of the fabry-perot type point optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein the configuration is based on an error criterion of measured reflected light intensity data and theoretical reflected light intensity data, and specifically comprises:
in the formula (4), J is an error criterion, I R (λ i ) In order to measure the reflected light intensity data,
theoretical reflected light intensity data.
4. The method for optimizing cavity length detection of a fabry-perot type spot fiber sensor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the fitting process of minimizing the error criterion, iterative optimization is performed using previously estimated fitting control parameters.
5. The Fabry-Perot type punctiform optical fiber sensor cavity length detection optimization method of claim 4, characterized in that the iterative optimization process is as follows:
s1, preparing actually measured incident light intensity data I 0 (λ i ) And measured reflected light intensity data I R (λ i ) And obtaining theoretical reflected light intensity data based on the incident light intensity model and the reflected light intensity model
S2, actual measurement incident light intensity data I is used R (λ i ) And theoretical reflected light intensity data
Constructing an error criterion J;
s3, setting initial values of control parameters a, b, c, d and e to be fitted;
s4, solving multivariable to obtain an estimation result of the control parameters to be fitted;
and S5, jumping to the step S3, updating the initial value by using the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted, repeating the step S4 until the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted is stable and unchanged, terminating iteration, and obtaining the estimation result of the control parameter to be fitted which is the optimal fitting result.
6. The method for optimizing cavity length detection of a fabry-perot type point optical fiber sensor according to claim 5, wherein in step S3, the initial values of the control parameters a, b, c, d, e to be fitted are all set to 1.
7. The method for detecting and optimizing the cavity length of the fabry-perot type point optical fiber sensor according to claim 5, wherein in the step S3, the initial values of the control parameters a, b, c, d and e to be fitted are set as follows:
a is set as the oscillation amplitude of the actually measured reflected light intensity, b is set as the resolving cavity length of the double-peak demodulation algorithm, c is set as 0, and e is set as the mean value of the actually measured reflected light intensity.
8. The method for optimizing cavity length detection of a fabry-perot type spot fiber sensor according to claim 5, wherein in step S4, the multivariate is solved using fminsearch function.
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