CN115164629A - Solar-driven hydrothermal and electric-heating comprehensive output system - Google Patents
Solar-driven hydrothermal and electric-heating comprehensive output system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115164629A CN115164629A CN202210864705.2A CN202210864705A CN115164629A CN 115164629 A CN115164629 A CN 115164629A CN 202210864705 A CN202210864705 A CN 202210864705A CN 115164629 A CN115164629 A CN 115164629A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar-driven hydrothermal and electric heating comprehensive output system, and belongs to the field of water treatment technology and energy comprehensive utilization. The solar energy and heat energy combined solar energy and heat energy water heater comprises a photovoltaic and light heat assembly mechanism, a solar pond, a distiller, a balanced brine tank and a salt and heat water tank which are connected through pipelines to form a loop; the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly mechanism is arranged in an inclined plane shape; a heat exchange coil is arranged in the solar pond; the distiller comprises a stepped base, a glass cover plate and a fresh water collecting box. According to the invention, the photovoltaic photo-thermal component and the solar pond are used for preheating the saline water, so that the production efficiency of the fresh water is improved. Meanwhile, the system has self-powered function, and can generate and store electric energy. The solar pond can be used for solar heat storage and can be used as a heat source for the system to run at night when no solar radiation exists. The heat generated by the photovoltaic photo-thermal component and the heat at the outlet of the distillation channel are taken away, so that the supply of a living heat source is realized. The invention not only solves the problem of low cost and high efficiency of the traditional salt water desalination technology, but also realizes the comprehensive output of solar-driven water and electricity heat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment technology and comprehensive energy utilization, and particularly relates to a solar-driven water, electricity and heat comprehensive output system.
Background
Fresh water and energy are key resources for sustainable development in various regions around the world. With the continuous exhaustion of fossil resources, the continuous pollution of the environment, the increase of population and economy and the like, the world is experiencing serious crisis of fresh water and energy, and all countries highly attach importance to the development of peer-to-peer renewable energy sources and urgently need to take necessary measures to alleviate the existing problem of fresh water resources. Therefore, the development of the high-efficiency low-cost solar-driven water, electricity and heat cogeneration technology has important practical significance for social sustainable development.
Compared with the membrane method and the hot method brine desalination technology which depend on fossil fuel energy consumption in the market, the solar energy abundant on the earth is utilized to produce water and generate electricity, so that the problems of fresh water and energy shortage can be effectively relieved, and the aim of 'double carbon' can be accelerated. The current co-production technology such as the evaporation power generation technology is combined with the interface evaporation technology hybrid system to realize 1.48 kg/m 2 h water production rate and 248.57W/m 2 The additional power output of (2); the hybrid system combining the thermoelectric power generation technology and the interfacial evaporation technology realizes 87.4 percent of photo-thermal conversion efficiency and 27W/m under the standard sun 2 The electric energy output, but the comprehensive output energy structure is single, and technical requirement and input cost are high, are unfavorable for promoting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solar-driven hydroelectric and electric comprehensive output system, which aims to solve the problems of high cost and low yield of the co-production of comprehensive energy at the present stage and realize the production of fresh water with high efficiency and low cost, and the storage of electricity and heat.
A solar-driven hydrothermal and electric-heating comprehensive output system comprises a photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism 1, a solar pond 2, a distiller 3, a balanced brine tank 4 and a saline-hot water tank 5;
the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism 1 is arranged in an inclined plane shape;
a heat storage coating 24 is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the solar pond 2; the bottom in the solar pond 2 is provided with a heat exchange coil 25; one end of the heat exchange coil 25 is communicated with the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly mechanism 1;
the distiller 3 comprises a stepped base 34, a glass cover plate 31 and a fresh water collecting box 37;
the base 34 comprises more than five steps, the top surface of each step is provided with an evaporation surface 33, and the cross section of the evaporation surface 33 is arc-shaped;
a rectangular frame is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the base 34, and the glass cover plate 31 is fixedly arranged at the top of the rectangular frame in an inclined manner, so that a closed distillation chamber is formed at the upper part of the base 34, and the structure is in a half ridge shape; more than two saline water inlets 32 are uniformly distributed on one side edge plate of the prismatic frame corresponding to the step on the uppermost part of the base 34; an overflow groove 35 is arranged on the edge of a second step at the lowest part of the base 34; the fresh water collecting tank 37 is positioned at the outer side of the lowest part of the base 34, and the top of the fresh water collecting tank 37 is communicated with the bottom of the overflow groove 35 through a water pipe; more than two brine discharge ports 36 are uniformly distributed on the first step at the lowest part of the base 34;
the two or more brine discharge ports 36 are communicated with a first port of the electric four-way valve 10;
the other end of the heat exchange coil 25 is communicated with more than two brine inlets 32 on the distiller 3;
the balanced brine tank 4 is located below the distiller 3; a balance raw water inlet 41 is arranged at one side of the upper part of the balance brine tank 4, and the balance raw water inlet 41 is communicated with a system raw water supply port 18 through an electric valve 15 connected in series; a balanced outlet 42 is arranged on one side of the lower part of the balanced brine tank 4, and a balanced brine inlet 43 is arranged on the top; the balanced brine inlet 43 is communicated with a second port of the electric four-way valve 10; the fourth port of the electric four-way valve 10 is a water outlet 19;
a heat exchange pipe 51 is arranged in the salt-water tank 5, two ends of the heat exchange pipe 51 are respectively positioned outside the salt-water tank 5, and a first inlet 55 at one end of the heat exchange pipe 51 is communicated with a balance outlet 42 of the balance salt-water tank 4; the other end of the heat exchange pipe 51 is a first outlet 52, the first outlet 52 is respectively communicated with the inlet of the circulating pump 6 and one end of the second bypass pipe 27 through the first electric three-way valve 16, and the other end of the second bypass pipe 27 is communicated with a third port of the electric four-way valve 10; the fourth port of the electric four-way valve 10 is a water outlet 19; the top of the salt hot water tank 5 is provided with an outlet 53 for a domestic heat source, the bottom of the salt hot water tank 5 is provided with a raw water inlet 54, and the salt water inlet 54 is communicated with the system raw water supply port 18 through a check valve 14 connected in series;
an outlet of the circulating pump 6 is communicated with a water inlet at the lower end of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly 1 through a second three-way valve, a third port of the second three-way valve is communicated with one end of a first bypass pipe 26, and the other end of the first bypass pipe 26 is communicated with a distillation opening at the upper end of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly 1;
the comprehensive output system preheats the saline water through the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism 1 and the solar pond 2, so that the production efficiency of the fresh water is improved;
the photovoltaic cell module of the photovoltaic photo-thermal module mechanism 1 can generate and store electric energy to realize self-power supply;
the solar pond 2 can be used for solar heat storage and can be used as a heat source for the night operation of the system under the condition of no solar radiation.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly mechanism 1 is of a polycrystalline silicon cell type and is formed by serially connecting 60 silicon wafers of 165 x 165mm, the power is 250-265Wp, and the peak voltage is 36V.
The inner wall of the solar pond 2 is made of stainless steel, the saline water in the solar pond 2 sequentially forms three areas from top to bottom, namely an upper convection layer 21, a non-convection layer 22 and a lower convection layer 23, and the heat exchange coil 25 is positioned in the lower convection layer 23;
the concentration of the fresh water layer or salt in the upper convection layer 21 is lower and is in a substantially uniform distribution state, the temperature of the layer is close to the air temperature, and the thickness of the layer is 0.3-0.5m;
the non-convection layer 22 is a heat insulation layer of the whole solar pond 2 and is used for heat collection and storage, the salt concentration in the layer increases along with the depth and is in a gradient stable state, and the thickness is 0.5-0.8m;
the lower convection layer 23 is saturated or high-concentration saline solution, the salt concentration and temperature in the lower part are approximately uniform due to the heat extraction, the heating of the pool bottom or the heat transfer to the pool bottom and the four walls, and the layer is used as a medium for collecting, storing and extracting heat and has the thickness of 1-1.5m.
The thermal storage coating 24 is a covered black insulating material with a thickness of 1-5cm.
The central angle theta of the arc of the evaporation surface 33 is 15-30 degrees, and the radius R of the arc surface is 15-20cm.
The evaporation surface 33 is made of a heat insulating material 332 and a photothermal conversion material 331 from bottom to top;
the heat insulation material 332 is polystyrene, polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol, and the thickness is 1-6cm;
the photothermal conversion material 331 is one or more layers of black dyed fiber cloth, carbon-based material deposition cloth, plasma deposition cloth, or carbon-based material blended gel.
The inclination angle of the glass cover plate 31 is 10-30 degrees; the glass cover plate 31 is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95% and the thickness of 3-8mm.
The height h of each step on the base 34 is 5-10cm, the width d is 10-30cm, and the length L of each step is 60-120cm; an included angle α between the glass cover plate 31 and a horizontal plane satisfies tan α = h/d.
The distance m between the adjacent brine inlets 32 is 15-30cm; the distance n between the adjacent discharge ports 36 is 10-20cm.
A fresh water upper liquid level sensor 371 and a liquid level line 372 are arranged in the fresh water collecting box 37.
The circulating pump 6 is a variable speed electric circulating pump.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) The invention can not only produce fresh water with high efficiency and low cost, but also store electricity and heat, comprehensively output three important resources of water, electricity and heat, and make contribution to energy conservation and emission reduction. The system of the invention preheats the saline water by using solar energy, thereby improving the production efficiency of the saline water desalting device; the system is provided with an energy storage device (for electricity storage and heat storage), can supply power by itself, and can ensure that the system is normal under the condition of no irradiation (at night or in cloudy days)Running; the system has the functions of life power supply and life heat source supply. The system has low investment cost and is suitable for the remote arid decentralized areas. The system comprehensively considers the synergistic relationship between the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal output and the water, electricity and heat energy requirements of users, and the coupling system can reach 1.42 kg/m at the temperature difference of 40 ℃ between evaporation and condensation 2 h water production rate, improves 1% photoelectric conversion efficiency and realizes 66W/m 2 Stable power output, 1.11 kg/m 2 h water production rate. The operation strategy of the whole process of solar energy collection, storage and consumption is optimized, the flexible control of water load of a user and the maximization of solar energy consumption rate are realized, and the economical efficiency and the stability of the operation of the integrated solar energy driven water, electricity and heat comprehensive output system are realized.
(2) When the system works, the salt water flows through a photovoltaic photo-thermal module (PV/T) and a solar cell before flowing into the distiller, the salt water can be preheated, the temperature of the salt water is increased to be within the range of 50-85 ℃, and the evaporation efficiency is improved. The geometric structure of the evaporation surface in the distiller is slightly concave, so that trace water storage can be kept, the specific heat capacity is lower, and the effective evaporation area is increased compared with the traditional planar evaporation surface. The distiller is integrally in a ridge shape, the stepped evaporation surface is arranged inside the distiller, so that the distance between the evaporation surface and the condensation surface can be effectively reduced, the heat and mass exchange between the two surfaces is accelerated, and the evaporation rate is further remarkably improved. The photo-thermal conversion material and the heat insulation material are added for heat management, the heat loss of the system is reduced, the interface evaporation rate is improved, the energy conversion efficiency reaches 70 percent, and the evaporation rate is 1.16 kg/m 2 h. The whole distillation process is free of additional electric energy and mechanical power input, solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent only by means of the novel structure and arrangement of the evaporation surface of the distiller, solar energy desalination efficiency can be improved, the yield of fresh water can be improved by 20-50% and can reach 50-60%, the daily yield can reach 6-12kg/m for transportation, and the distillation method is widely applicable to brine desalination in remote areas.
(3) The photovoltaic cell module of the photovoltaic photo-thermal module (PV/T) of the system can generate and store electric energy, the electricity of the system is supplied, the redundant electric quantity can be used for the system, and 66W/m can be realized 2 Is stabilized byAnd (6) outputting electric energy. The solar pond is used for solar heat storage and is used as a heat source for the system to operate at night under the condition of no solar radiation, so that the continuous operation of the system is ensured.
(4) The heat at the outlet of the distillation channel of the system can realize the supply of a domestic heat source through the heat exchanger in the salt hot water tank, and the heat exchange coil in the salt hot water tank heats the salt water outside the system to about 50 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar-driven integrated water, electricity and heat production system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the solar cell structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the distiller of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a distiller of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an evaporation surface structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the fresh water collecting box of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a balanced brine tank configuration at high water levels.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a balanced brine tank configuration at low water levels.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a structure of a salt hot water tank.
Sequence numbers in the upper figure: the system comprises a photovoltaic and photo-thermal module 1, a solar pond 2, a distiller 3, a balanced brine tank 4, a salt and hot water tank 5, a circulating pump 6, a water flow meter 7, a pressure sensor 8, a temperature sensor 9, an electric four-way valve 10, an ambient air temperature sensor 11, a hot-wire anemometer 12, a solar electric energy meter 13, a check valve 14, an electric valve 15, a first electric three-way valve 16, a domestic heat source 17, a system raw water supply port 18, a water discharge port 19, solar radiation 20, an upper convection layer (UCZ) 21, a non-convection layer (NCZ) 22, a lower convection Layer (LCZ) 23, a heat storage coating 24, a heat exchange coil 25, a first bypass pipe 26, a second bypass pipe 27, a glass cover plate 31, a brine inlet 32, a dimple-shaped evaporation surface 33, a base 34, an overflow tank 35, a brine discharge port 36, a fresh water collection tank 37, solar radiation 38, a photo-thermal conversion material 331, 332, a liquid level sensor 371, a liquid level sensor 372, a balanced raw water inlet 41, a balanced brine outlet 42, a balanced brine outlet 43, a heat exchange pipe 51, a first outlet 52, a domestic raw water outlet 53, a raw water inlet 54, and a first heat source inlet 55.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a solar-driven hydrothermal and electric heating integrated production system comprises a photovoltaic and photothermal component mechanism 1, a solar pond 2, a distiller 3, a balanced brine tank 4 and a salt and hot water tank 5. The photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly mechanism 1 is arranged in an inclined plane shape, the photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly mechanism 1 is of a polycrystalline silicon battery type and is formed by serially connecting 60 pieces of 165 x 165mm silicon wafers, the power is 250-265Wp, and the peak voltage is 36V.
Referring to fig. 2, the inner bottom surface of the solar pond 2 is provided with a heat storage coating 24; the bottom in the solar pond 2 is provided with a heat exchange coil 25; one end of the heat exchange coil 25 is communicated with the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly mechanism 1.
The inner wall material of the solar pond 2 is stainless steel, the saline water in the solar pond 2 sequentially forms three areas from top to bottom, namely an upper convection layer 21, a non-convection layer 22 and a lower convection layer 23, and the heat exchange coil 25 is positioned in the lower convection layer 23.
The upper convection layer 21 has a low concentration of fresh water layer or salt and is distributed uniformly, the temperature of the layer is close to the air temperature, and the thickness is 0.4m;
the non-convection layer 22 is a heat insulation layer of the whole solar pond 2 and is used for heat collection and storage, the salt concentration in the layer increases along with the depth and is in a gradient stable state, and the thickness is 0.6m;
the lower convection layer 23, which is saturated or highly concentrated brine solution, has an approximately uniform salt concentration and temperature in the lower portion as a result of heat extraction, bottom heating or heat transfer to the bottom and walls, and functions as a medium for collecting, storing and extracting heat, and has a thickness of 1.2m.
The thermal storage coating 24 is a black insulating material covering it and has a thickness of 3cm.
Referring to fig. 3, the distiller 3 includes a stepped base 34, a glass cover plate 31, and a fresh water collecting tank 37.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the base 34 includes more than five steps, each step has an evaporation surface 33 mounted on the top surface thereof, and the cross section of the evaporation surface 33 is circular arc. The central angle theta of the arc of the evaporation surface 33 is 20 deg., and the radius R of the arc surface is 15cm. The evaporation surface 33 is made of a heat insulating material 332 and a photothermal conversion material 331 from bottom to top in sequence; the heat insulating material 332 is polystyrene and has the thickness of 1-6cm; the photothermal conversion material 331 is one or more layers of black dyed fiber cloth.
Referring to fig. 4, a rectangular frame is fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the base 34, and the glass cover plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the top of the rectangular frame in an inclined shape, so that the upper portion of the base 34 forms a closed distillation chamber, and the structure is in a half ridge shape. The inclination angle of the glass cover plate 31 is 15 degrees, the material of the glass cover plate 31 is super white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95%, and the thickness is 5mm.
Each step on the base 34 has a height h of 8cm, a width d of 20cm and a step length L of 100cm; an angle α between the glass cover plate 31 and the horizontal plane satisfies tan α = h/d.
Five brine inlets 32 are uniformly distributed on one side plate of the prismatic frame corresponding to the uppermost step of the base 34, and the distance m between every two adjacent brine inlets 32 is 20cm. An overflow groove 35 is installed at the edge of the second step at the lowest part of the base 34. The fresh water collecting tank 37 is arranged at the outer side of the lowest part of the base 34, the top of the fresh water collecting tank 37 is communicated with the bottom of the overflow groove 35 through a water pipe, a fresh water upper liquid level sensor 371 is arranged in the fresh water collecting tank 37, and a liquid level line 372 is further arranged, as shown in fig. 7. Six brine discharge ports 36 are uniformly distributed on the first-stage step at the lowest part of the base 34, and the distance n between every two adjacent discharge ports 36 is 15cm. Six brine discharge ports 36 communicate with a first port of the electric four-way valve 10. Referring to fig. 1, the other end of the heat exchange coil 25 communicates with five brine inlets 32 on the still 3.
Referring to fig. 8, the balanced brine tank 4 is located below the distiller 3; a balance raw water inlet 41 is arranged at one side of the upper part of the balance brine tank 4, and the balance raw water inlet 41 is communicated with a system raw water supply port 18 through an electric valve 15 connected in series; a balanced outlet 42 is arranged on one side of the lower part of the balanced brine tank 4, and a balanced brine inlet 43 is arranged on the top; the balanced brine inlet 43 is communicated with a second port of the electric four-way valve 10; the fourth port of the electric four-way valve 10 is a drain port 19.
Referring to fig. 10 and fig. 1, a heat exchange pipe 51 is installed in the salt-water tank 5, two ends of the heat exchange pipe 51 are respectively located outside the salt-water tank 5, and a first inlet 55 at one end of the heat exchange pipe 51 is communicated with the balanced outlet 42 of the balanced salt-water tank 4; the other end of the heat exchange pipe 51 is a first outlet 52, the first outlet 52 is respectively communicated with the inlet of the circulating pump 6 and one end of a second bypass pipe 27 through a first electric three-way valve 16, and the other end of the second bypass pipe 27 is communicated with a third port of the electric four-way valve 10; the fourth port of the electric four-way valve 10 is a drain port 19. The top of the salt-hot water tank 5 is provided with a domestic hot water outlet 53, the bottom of the salt-hot water tank 5 is provided with a raw water inlet 54, and the salt water inlet 54 is communicated with the system raw water supply port 18 through the check valve 14 connected in series.
Circulating pump 6 is the electronic circulating pump of variable speed, and circulating pump 6's export is passing through the water inlet of the 1 lower extreme of second three-way valve intercommunication photovoltaic light and heat subassembly, and the third port of second three-way valve is passing through the one end of first bypass pipe 26, and the other end of first bypass pipe 26 is passing through the distillation mouth of the 1 upper end of photovoltaic light and heat subassembly.
The comprehensive output system preheats the saline water through the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism 1 and the solar pond 2, so that the production efficiency of the fresh water is improved; the photovoltaic cell module of the photovoltaic photo-thermal module mechanism 1 can generate and store electric energy to realize self-power supply; the heat generated by the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism 1 and the heat at the outlet of the distillation channel are taken away, so that the supply of a domestic heat source is realized; the solar pond 2 can be used for solar heat storage and is used as a heat source for the system to run at night under the condition of no solar radiation.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
regarding the distiller operation:
referring to fig. 4, as brine flows into the distillation apparatus from the brine inlet 32, the brine overflows sequentially from top to bottom across the evaporation surfaces 33 of the stages. Part of the brine is stored in the evaporation surface 33, ensuring a low specific heat. The top glass cover plate 31 is transparent to ambient solar radiation 38 and absorbs light from the various steps in the base 34 for enhancing the solar radiation absorption of the distillation chamberThe thermal conversion material 331 absorbs the evaporation and condenses at the glass cover plate 31 to form fresh water, which is collected to the bottom end notch of the overflow tank 35 and then enters the fresh water collection tank 37 through the water pipe to be collected. When the fresh water upper liquid level sensor 371 senses that the fresh water in the fresh water collecting box 37 is higher than the set threshold value, a signal is sent to the controller, and the controller controls an alarm to remind that the fresh water in the fresh water collecting box 37 is discharged. The overall arrangement of the evaporation surface 33 adopts a step-shaped structure, so that the illumination area and the evaporation area can be increased simultaneously, and the energy intake and the evaporation efficiency of the distiller per unit area are further improved. The incompletely distilled brine exits the distiller 3 through a drain 36 in the lowermost step. The whole distillation process has no additional electric energy and mechanical work input, and only depends on the novel structure and arrangement of the evaporation surface 33, so that the solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent, and the solar saline water desalination efficiency is improved. In sunny days, the ambient temperature is 35 ℃, the water production rate is 1.38 kg/m under the sunlight irradiation condition that the equivalent standard sunlight irradiation hours is 10.5 2 h, total efficiency 55%.
With respect to balanced brine tank operation:
referring to fig. 7 and 8, an electric four-way valve 10 is installed at an inlet of the balanced brine tank 4, and brine incompletely distilled in the distiller 3 is introduced into the balanced brine tank 4 through a balanced brine inlet 43. When the temperature of the circulating hot water is higher than the set limit, 60 ℃, a part of hot water in the system is opened and drained, cold water is replaced, the temperature of the circulating hot water is reduced by 20-30 ℃ again, and the temperature of the water in the system is reduced. The balanced brine tank 4 is provided with a water level line, and when the water level is higher, partial brine is discharged; when the water level is low, partial saline water needs to be supplemented. The balanced brine tank 4 is replaced with external brine through a pipe 41 in cooperation with the electric valve 15. The balanced brine tank 4 enters the saltwater hot tank 5 through a conduit 42.
The working condition of the salt hot water tank is as follows:
referring to fig. 9, when the level of the saline solution in the hot salt water tank 5 is lower than the standard level, saline replenishment is performed through the second inlet 54. The brine in the balanced brine tank enters the heat exchange pipe 51 of the hot brine tank 5 through the first inlet 55 and exits the hot brine tank 5 through the first outlet 52. The brine outside the system enters the salt-hot water tank 5 through the second inlet 54, exchanges heat with the brine in the heat exchange pipe 51, and then flows out of the salt-hot water tank 5 through the second outlet 53 to provide a domestic heat source to 50 ℃. By the electrically operated four-way valve 10, the salt water bypasses the heat exchanging pipe 51 and is prevented from being overheated in the salt water tank 5 along the second bypass pipe 27.
The operation of the pipeline between the balanced brine tank 4 and the hot brine tank 5 is explained as follows:
(1) In normal operation, brine from the distiller 3 enters the balanced brine tank 4 through the balanced brine inlet 43 and exits the balanced brine tank 4 through the balanced outlet 42. Meanwhile, the heat exchange coil 51 enters the hot salt water tank 5 along the first inlet 55, exchanges heat, flows out of the hot salt water tank 5 through the first outlet 52, and continues to circulate after entering the system. The system enters the salt hot water tank 5 through the raw water inlet 54 for water supplement, and flows out through the domestic heat source outlet 53 after heat exchange, so that the domestic heat source 17 can be provided.
(2) If the salt hot water tank 5 is overheated, the electric three-way valve 16 is matched with the electric four-way valve 10, and the salt water from the distiller 3 directly enters the system along the second bypass pipe 27 without passing through the balanced salt water tank 4 and the salt hot water tank 5 and then continues to circulate.
(3) Referring to fig. 8, when the level of the balanced brine tank 4 is high, or other situations need to be drained, the balanced brine tank is controlled by the electric four-way valve 10 and is drained out of the system through the drain port 19.
(4) Referring to fig. 9, when the level of the balanced brine tank 4 is low, the brine entering from the system raw water inlet 18 enters the balanced brine tank 4 through the balanced brine inlet 41 to be replenished by closing the check valve 14 and opening the electric valve 15.
The working condition of the comprehensive output system in the daytime is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, when sunny days or sufficient sunshine is available, the saline solution is used as a cooling liquid and is pressurized into a high-pressure saline solution through a circulating pump 6, the high-pressure saline solution enters a photovoltaic photo-thermal component 1, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic photo-thermal component 1 is improved along with the cooling of the saline solution, and the power generation energy of the photovoltaic photo-thermal component 1 is stored in a battery and is used for comprehensively generating the power consumption of a system and the power consumption demand outside the system. The saline solution is preheated to 60 ℃ by the photovoltaic photo-thermal component 1, the distillation initial temperature can be increased to 30 ℃, and the distillation efficiency is improved; then enters the solar pond 2 through the heat exchange coil 25 in the convection layer 23 at the bottom of the solar pond 2, and the saline solution can be preheated to 85 ℃ again, so that the initial distillation temperature is further increased to 25 ℃, and the distillation efficiency is improved. The preheated saline solution enters the distiller 3, and the saline solution sequentially overflows into the stepped micro-concave evaporation surfaces 33 on the base 34, absorbs heat on the photothermal conversion material 331, evaporates, condenses and collects on the glass cover plate 31, and is finally stored in the fresh water collecting box 37. The other part of the brine solution which is not completely distilled flows into the balanced brine tank 4 through the overflow tank 35 and the two or more brine discharge ports 36. Enters the heat exchange pipe 51 through the balance outlet 42 of the balance brine tank 4 to exchange heat with the brine in the salt hot water tank 5, is reduced to the temperature of 25 ℃ when the system circulates, and is circulated again through the circulating pump 6. The salt water in the salt hot water tank 5 is heated and flows out through the domestic heat source outlet 53 to provide the domestic heat source 17.
The working condition of the comprehensive output system at night is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, during operation of the system on cloudy days or at night, the brine solution is circulated through the circulation pump 6, through the three-way valve, and through the first bypass pipe 26 provided by the photovoltaic and photothermal module 1. The solar pond 2 can be used for solar thermal storage and can be used as a heat source for the night or cloudy operation of the system in the absence of solar radiation, and the brine solution can also be preheated to 65 ℃. The saline solution overflows into the stepped micro-concave evaporation surfaces 33 on the base 34 in sequence, evaporates while absorbing heat on the photothermal conversion material 331 and condenses and collects at the glass cover plate 31, and is finally stored in the fresh water collection tank 37. The other part of the brine solution which is not completely distilled flows into the balanced brine tank 4 through the overflow tank 35 and the two or more brine discharge ports 36. After flowing out from the outlet 42 of the balanced brine tank, the heat exchange can be carried out between the brine in the salt hot water tank 5 and the brine, the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃ when the system is circulated, and the brine is circulated again through the circulating pump 6. The salt water in the salt hot water tank 5 is heated and flows out through the domestic heat source outlet 53 to provide the domestic heat source 17.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a solar drive hydrothermal synthesis output system which characterized in that: the solar energy water heater comprises a photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism (1), a solar pond (2), a distiller (3), a balanced brine tank (4) and a salt-hot water tank (5);
the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly mechanism (1) is arranged in an inclined plane shape;
a heat storage coating (24) is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the solar pond (2); a heat exchange coil (25) is arranged at the bottom in the solar pond (2); one end of the heat exchange coil (25) is communicated with the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly mechanism (1);
the distiller (3) comprises a step-shaped base (34), a glass cover plate (31) and a fresh water collecting box (37);
the base (34) comprises more than five steps, an evaporation surface (33) is arranged on the top surface of each step, and the cross section of the evaporation surface (33) is arc-shaped;
a rectangular frame is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the base (34), the glass cover plate (31) is fixedly arranged at the top of the rectangular frame in an inclined manner, so that a closed distillation chamber is formed at the upper part of the base (34), and the structure is in a half ridge shape; more than two saline water inlets (32) are uniformly distributed on one side edge plate of the prismatic frame corresponding to the step on the uppermost part of the base (34); an overflow groove (35) is arranged on the edge of the second step at the lowest part of the base (34); the fresh water collecting box (37) is positioned at the outer side of the lowest part of the base (34), and the top of the fresh water collecting box (37) is communicated with the bottom of the overflow groove (35) through a water pipe; more than two brine discharge ports (36) are uniformly distributed on the first step at the lowest part of the base (34);
the more than two brine discharge ports (36) are communicated with a first port of the electric four-way valve (10);
the other end of the heat exchange coil (25) is communicated with more than two saline water inlets (32) on the distiller (3);
the balanced brine tank (4) is located below the distiller (3); a balanced raw water inlet (41) is arranged on one side of the upper part of the balanced brine tank (4), and the balanced raw water inlet (41) is communicated with a system raw water supply port (18) through an electric valve (15) connected in series; a balanced outlet (42) is arranged on one side of the lower part of the balanced brine tank (4), and a balanced brine inlet (43) is arranged at the top part; the balanced brine inlet (43) is communicated with a second port of the electric four-way valve (10); a fourth port of the electric four-way valve (10) is a water discharge port (19);
a heat exchange tube (51) is arranged in the salt-water tank (5), two ends of the heat exchange tube (51) are respectively positioned outside the salt-water tank (5), one end of the heat exchange tube (51) is provided with a first inlet (55), and the first inlet (55) is communicated with a balance outlet (42) of the balance salt-water tank (4); the other end of the heat exchange pipe (51) is a first outlet (52), the first outlet (52) is respectively communicated with the inlet of the circulating pump (6) and one end of a second bypass pipe (27) through a first electric three-way valve (16), and the other end of the second bypass pipe (27) is communicated with a third port of the electric four-way valve (10); the fourth port of the electric four-way valve (10) is a water outlet (19); the top of the salt hot water tank (5) is provided with an outlet (53) for a life heat source, the bottom of the salt hot water tank (5) is provided with a raw water inlet (54), and the raw water inlet (54) is communicated with a system raw water supply port (18) through a check valve (14) connected in series;
an outlet of the circulating pump (6) is communicated with a water inlet at the lower end of the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly (1) through a second three-way valve, a third port of the second three-way valve is communicated with one end of a first bypass pipe 26, and the other end of the first bypass pipe 26 is communicated with a distillation port at the upper end of the photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly (1);
the comprehensive output system preheats saline water through the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism (1) and the solar pond (2), so that the production efficiency of fresh water is improved;
the photovoltaic cell component of the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism (1) can generate and store electric energy to realize self-power supply;
the solar pond (2) can be used for storing heat by solar energy and can be used as a heat source for the night operation of the system under the condition of no solar radiation.
2. The solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system of claim 1, wherein: the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism (1) is of a polycrystalline silicon cell type and is formed by serially connecting 60 165 x 165mm silicon wafers, the power is 250-265Wp, the peak voltage is 36V, and the photovoltaic photo-thermal component mechanism is fixedly installed on the ground.
3. A solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system according to claim 1, characterised in that: the inner wall of the solar pond (2) is made of stainless steel, the saline water in the solar pond (2) sequentially forms three areas from top to bottom, namely an upper convection layer (21), a non-convection layer (22) and a lower convection layer (23), and the heat exchange coil (25) is positioned in the lower convection layer (23);
the saline solution with lower salt concentration in the upper troposphere (21) is in a uniform distribution state, the temperature is close to the air temperature, and the thickness is 0.3-0.5m;
the non-convection layer (22) is a heat insulation layer, the salt concentration in the layer increases along with the depth and is in a gradient stable state, and the thickness is 0.5-0.8m;
the lower convection layer (23) is a saturated or higher-concentration saline solution, the temperature is uniform, and the thickness is 1-1.5m.
4. The solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system of claim 1, wherein: the central angle theta of the arc of the evaporation surface (33) is 15-30 degrees, and the radius R of the arc surface is 15-20cm.
5. A solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system according to claim 1, characterised in that: the evaporation surface (33) is made of a heat insulating material (332) and a photothermal conversion material (331) from bottom to top in sequence;
the heat insulation material (332) is polystyrene, polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol, and the thickness is 1-6cm;
the photothermal conversion material (331) is more than one layer of black dyed fiber cloth, carbon-based material deposition cloth, plasma deposition cloth or carbon-based material blending gel.
6. The solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system of claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle of the condensation surface (31) is 10-30 degrees; the glass cover plate (31) is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent and the thickness of 3-8mm.
7. The solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system of claim 1, wherein: the height h of each step on the base (34) is 5-10cm, the width d is 10-30cm, and the step length L is 60-120cm; an included angle alpha between the glass cover plate (31) and a horizontal plane satisfies tan alpha = h/d.
8. The solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system of claim 1, wherein: the distance m between the adjacent brine inlets (32) is 15-30cm; the distance n between the adjacent discharge openings (36) is 10-20cm.
9. The solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system of claim 1, wherein: and a fresh water upper liquid level sensor (371) and a liquid level line (372) are arranged in the fresh water collecting box (37).
10. The solar driven hydro-electric heat integrated production system of claim 1, wherein: the circulating pump (6) is a variable-speed electric circulating pump.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116282302A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-06-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Brine desalination system and method for photovoltaic photo-thermal assembly |
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| CN115164629B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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