CN115163681A - 转向管柱用万向节总成结构、万向节传动装置及汽车 - Google Patents
转向管柱用万向节总成结构、万向节传动装置及汽车 Download PDFInfo
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- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/84—Shrouds, e.g. casings, covers; Sealing means specially adapted therefor
- F16D3/843—Shrouds, e.g. casings, covers; Sealing means specially adapted therefor enclosed covers
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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Abstract
本发明提供一种转向管柱用万向节总成结构、万向节传动装置及汽车。所述转向管柱用万向节总成结构包括与从动轴固定连接的外星轮,所述外星轮内侧设有周向均匀分布的多个外球道;中心开设有内花键孔的内星轮,所述内星轮外侧设有周向均匀分布的多个内球道;多个设置在所述外球道和内球道之间的钢球;使多个所述钢球的球心保持在一个平面内的球笼;与主动轴固定连接的轴头,所述轴头的端部开设有与内花键孔相啮合的外花键轴,所述轴头的端部还设有与内星轮呈卡接定位的圆形卡簧,所述轴头的端部与内星轮铆合联接。本发明的技术方案能确保轴头不会从内星轮中脱出,从而转向操纵机构可以有效可靠工作。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车零部件技术领域,尤其涉及一种转向管柱用万向节总成结构、万向节传动装置及汽车。
背景技术
万向节即万向接头,是实现变角度动力传递的机件,用于需要改变传动轴线方向的位置,它是汽车驱动系统的万向传动装置的 “关节”部件。万向节与传动轴组合,称为万向节传动装置。在前置发动机后轮驱动的车辆上,万向节传动装置安装在变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间;而前置发动机前轮驱动的车辆省略了传动轴,万向节安装在既负责驱动又负责转向的前桥半轴与车轮之间。其中,球笼式等速万向节,根据万向节轴向能否运动,又可区分为轴向不能伸缩型(固定型)球笼式万向节和可伸缩型球笼式万向节。结构上固定型球笼式万向节的星形套的内表面以内花键与传动轴连接,它的外表面制有6个弧形凹槽作为钢球的内球道,外球道做在球形壳的内表面上。星形套与球形壳装合后形成的6个球道内各装1个钢球,并由保持架(球笼)使6个钢球处于同一平面内。动力由传动轴经钢球、球形壳传出。可伸缩型球笼式万向节的结构特点是于筒形壳的内壁和星形套的外部做有圆柱形直槽,在两者装合后所形成的球道内装有钢球。钢球同时也装在保持架的孔内。星形套内孔做有花键用来与输入轴连接。这一结构允许星形套与简形壳相对在轴向方向移动。
由于转向操纵机构的特定使用场景、功能以及性能要求,必须绝对禁止实轴从万向节中脱出(脱出会引起车辆转向失效,发生安全事故),圆形卡簧的强度和安装品质成了高风险控制项,而目前行业内现行的卡簧生产和万向节组装都属于低风险控制项,因此影响到该连接结构设计使用到转向操纵机构上时,存在较大的脱出安全风险,现有的万向节中的连接结构设计无法满足转向操纵机构使用的安全特殊特性要求。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种转向管柱用万向节总成结构、万向节传动装置及汽车,旨在解决现有的万向节中的连接结构,在转向操纵机构使用时存在脱出风险的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出的一种转向管柱用万向节总成结构,包括:
与从动轴固定连接的外星轮,所述外星轮内侧设有周向均匀分布的多个外球道;
中心开设有内花键孔的内星轮,所述内星轮外侧设有周向均匀分布的多个内球道;
多个设置在所述外球道和内球道之间的钢球;
使多个所述钢球的球心保持在一个平面内的球笼;以及,
与主动轴固定连接的轴头,所述轴头的端部开设有与内花键孔相啮合的外花键轴,所述轴头的端部还设有与内星轮呈卡接定位的圆形卡簧,所述轴头的端部与内星轮铆合联接。
可选的,所述内星轮设置有铆接点,所述轴头的底部抵接于铆合点,且于铆接点处与所述内星轮铆合连接。
可选的,所述轴头的底部开设加工槽,用于对所述轴头底部进行加工,以使所述轴头与内星轮铆合联接。
可选的,所述外星轮的柄部设有通孔,以便于对所述轴头底部进行加工。
可选的,还包括端盖,所述端盖设有拆卸孔,所述端盖与通孔过盈配合,以使所述端盖卡接于外星轮柄部的通孔内。
可选的,所述外星轮的外壁到轴头的另一端部之间设有防尘罩。
可选的,所述防尘罩的外壁设有与外星轮相紧固的卡箍。
可选的,所述外球道和内球道的轴线相对所述内星轮的轴线倾斜设置。
本发明还提出了一种万向节传动装置,所述万向节传动装置包括上述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构。
本发明还提出了一种汽车,所述汽车包括上述的万向节传动装置。
本发明的技术方案中,通过将轴头的端部开设与内星轮的内花键孔相啮合的外花键轴,再对轴头的底部进行加工,使得轴头与内星轮铆合联接,确保轴头不会从内星轮中脱出,从而转向操纵机构可以有效可靠工作。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的转向管柱用万向节总成结构一实施例的截面图;
图2为图1中轴头的结构示意图;
图3为图1中外星轮的结构示意图;
图4为图1中内星轮的结构示意图;
图5为图1中球笼的结构示意图;
图6为图1中防尘罩的结构示意图;
图7为图1中端盖的结构示意图。
图中:转向管柱用万向节总成结构-100,外星轮-1,外球道-11,通孔-12,内星轮-2,内花键孔-21,内球道-22,内环槽-23,铆接点-23,钢球-3,球笼-4,窗孔-41,轴头-5,外花键轴-51,圆形卡簧-52,加工槽-53,外环槽-54,端盖-6,拆卸孔-61,防尘罩-7,卡箍-71,卡箍槽-72。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
为了更好地描述和说明本申请的实施例,可参考一幅或多幅附图,但用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对本申请的发明创造、目前所描述的实施例或优选方式中任何一者的范围的限制。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明,而不是指示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位或以特定的方位操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本申请。
由于转向操纵机构的特定使用场景、功能以及性能要求,必须绝对禁止实轴从万向节中脱出,脱出会引起车辆转向失效以发生安全事故。圆形卡簧的强度和安装品质成了高风险控制项,而目前行业内现行的卡簧生产和万向节组装都属于低风险控制项,因此影响到该连接结构设计使用到转向操纵机构上时,存在较大的脱出安全风险,现有的万向节中的连接结构设计无法满足转向操纵机构使用的安全特殊特性要求。
鉴于此,本发明提供一种转向管柱用万向节总成结构,图1-7为本发明的转向管柱用万向节总成结构一实施例,所述转向管柱用万向节总成结构100包括与外星轮1、内星轮2、钢球3,球笼4以及轴头5。
具体的,在本实施例中,外星轮1与从动轴固定连接,所述外星轮1内侧设有周向均匀分布的6个外球道11;所述内星轮2中心开设有内花键孔21,所述内星轮2外侧设有周向均匀分布的6个内球道22,各所述外球道11与内球道22一一对应设置;6个所述钢球3设置在所述外球道11和内球道22之间;所述球笼4使6个所述钢球3的球心保持在一个平面内,所述球笼4上均匀分布有6个用于放置钢球3的窗孔41;所述轴头5一端与主动轴固定连接,另一端部开设有与所述内花键孔21相啮合的外花键轴51,所述外花键轴51上开设有外环槽54,所述内星轮2的内花键孔21内设有内环槽23,所述圆形卡簧52设置在所述外环槽54和内环槽23中,以使所述内星轮2与轴头5卡接定位,所述轴头5的端部与内星轮2铆合联接,以防止所述轴头5与内星轮2轴向上发生相对位移。具体实施时,所述外星轮与从动轴固定连接的方式以及所述轴头与主动轴固定连接的方式可以通过键固定连接,也可以通过焊接固定连接。需要说明的是,所述钢球4的数量可设置为其他个数,优选为6个;铆合联接的方式可以为直接对所述轴头5进行摆碾以铆接在内星轮2上,也可设置铆钉在所述轴头5上,再对铆钉进行摆碾以铆接。
其中,所述外球道11和内球道22采用“角接触球形子午线”结构设计,生成半径偏移量与万向节回转中心对称,压力角α=42±3°,椭圆形断面的相似度ψ=1.02~1.06,它们的运行轨道平行于主动元件和从动元件的轴线,所述钢球3在外球道11和内球道22中的滚动比例得到提高,降低发热和磨损,提高耐久性。所述外球道11PCD直径采用分档后与内星轮2对应档位配合装配,确保总成圆周间隙≤15',所述内球道22的PCD直径采用分档后与外星轮1对应档位配合装配,确保总成圆周间隙≤15'。
所述球笼4的内、外球面直径在中心16°以外两端分别采用0~-0.014mm和0~+0.014mm的曲率半径设计,以减小所述球笼4与外星轮1的内球面和内星轮2的外球面的配合间隙,降低轴向配合间隙,提高所述球笼4对6颗钢球3的运动轨迹控制。所述球笼4的窗孔41的宽采用钢球3手压能轻轻按入且过渡配合的宽度,所述窗孔41的边缘进行仔细的研磨去除尖角毛刺,确保摆动时不致于破坏所述外星轮1和内星轮2零件表面的润滑脂油膜,所述球笼4能够保持6颗钢球3在外星轮1的外球道11和内星轮2的内球道22内,并控制6颗钢球3跟随固定端万向节的摆动始终保持在所述外星轮1和内星轮2球道中心的对称平面。因此,本发明的万向节总成结构具有更大的≥46°的工作摆角,而传统产品只能满足≤30°;更大的工作摆角就能实现转向盘更大的前后调整倾角改变,满足驾驶员变换操作姿势的需求,减少驾驶员的操控劳动强度和疲劳感,更好地符合人机工程原理。
具体实施时,在装配过程中,把所述内星轮2与球笼4成90°装入球笼4窗口中,然后将所述内星轮2顺时针方向旋转90°,使所述内星轮2与球笼4平齐并且内星轮2球道与球笼4窗口对齐。将所述外星轮1内腔朝向夹持在工作台上,然后将上一步完成的所述内星轮2与球笼4组合体与外星轮1成90°装入外星轮1中,顺时针方向旋转90°,确保所述内星轮2球道、球笼4窗口、外星轮1球道对齐。最后,在所述内星轮2的内花键孔21中插入摇摆芯棒向上摆到最大角度装入第1颗钢球3后,回正摇摆芯棒并向左下角摆到最大角度装入第2颗钢球3后,回正摇棒并向右下角摆到最大角度装入第3颗钢球3,最后依次向下、向左上角、右上角将摇摆芯棒摆至最大摆角完成剩余3颗钢球3的装配,确保每个固定端万向节内均有6颗钢球3。
本发明的技术方案中,通过将所述轴头5的端部开设有与内星轮2的内花键孔21相啮合的外花键轴51,再在所述轴头5的底部开设加工槽53,通过所述加工槽53对轴头5的底部进行加工,使得所述轴头5与内星轮2铆合联接,确保所述轴头5不会从内星轮2中脱出,从而转向操纵机构可以有效可靠工作。
进一步的,为使所述轴头5能与内星轮2更好地锁紧,请参阅图1,所述内星轮2的内花键孔21与轴头5的外花键轴51啮合,且所述内星轮2的一端部与轴头5抵接,所述内星轮2另一端部设置有铆接点23,所述轴头5的底部抵接于铆合点23,且于所述铆接点23处与内星轮2铆合连接。具体的,所述铆接点23处采用摆碾铆接法对轴头5进行加工,对所述轴头5的底部沿着圆周方向摆动碾压,以使得所述轴头5底部抵接在内星轮2上。需要说明的是,采用铆接机结构简单,成本低,维修方便,可靠性好,能够很好地满足产品铆接要求。
更进一步的,为便于对所述轴头5的底部进行加工,所述轴5头的底部开设加工槽,通过所述轴头5底部的加工槽53固定,对所述轴头5的底部沿着圆周方向摆动碾压至铆接点23,使得所述轴头5与内星轮铆合联接。
在装配过程中,由于需要先安装所述内星轮2、所述钢球3、所述球笼4和所述外星轮1,所述轴头5与内星轮2最后装配。为便于对轴头5进行加工,所述外星轮1的柄部设有通孔12,通过所述通孔12进行加工,所述轴头5在装配并摆碾后抵接于内星轮2。
请参阅图1和7,考虑到所述外星轮1的柄部盲孔压装封盖后,无法实现万向节后期内腔零部件的检查、养护、维修,以及用注脂枪从所述通孔12中伸入,来加注或更换内腔的润滑脂的问题,所述外星轮1的通孔12处设计有可拆卸的端盖6,所述端盖6设计成可拆卸结构并优化调整了配合公差等级,确保在有效密封油脂的同时,允许通过使用内径卡钳将其拆出。具体的,所述端盖6上设有拆卸孔61,所述端盖6与通孔12过盈配合,以使所述端盖6卡接于外星轮1柄部的通孔12中;在端盖拆卸时,通过钳子卡入所述拆卸孔61,即可将端盖取出。
请参阅图1和5,为防止灰尘进入所述内星轮2和外星轮1的内外球道11之中,所述外星轮1的外壁到轴头5的另一端部之间设有防尘罩7,所述防尘罩7的外形呈折叠状,以便于在万向节转向操纵时,所述防尘罩7能够拉伸或压缩。
优选的,为提升所述防尘罩7的密封性,请参阅图1、4和5,所述防尘罩7的外壁设有与外星轮1相紧固的卡箍71,具体的,所述防尘罩7的外壁设有卡箍槽72,所述卡箍槽72与外星轮1的表面相适应。
在本实施例中,所述外球道11和内球道22的轴线相对所述内星轮2的轴线倾斜设置,其中,所述外球道11和内球道22采用“角接触球形子午线”结构设计,生成半径偏移量与万向节回转中心对称,压力角α=42±3°,椭圆形断面的相似度ψ=1.02~1.06,它们的运行轨道平行于主动元件和从动元件的轴线,所述钢球3在外球道11和内球道22中的滚动比例得到提高,降低发热和磨损,提高耐久性。
本发明的实施例还提出了一种万向节传动装置,所述万向节传动具有上述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构100。
本发明的实施例还提出了一种汽车,所述汽车具有上述的万向节传动装置。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,包括:
与从动轴固定连接的外星轮(1),所述外星轮(1)内侧设有周向均匀分布的多个外球道(11);
中心开设有内花键孔(21)的内星轮(2),所述内星轮(2)外侧设有周向均匀分布的多个内球道(22);
多个设置在所述外球道(11)和内球道(22)之间的钢球(3);
使多个所述钢球(3)的球心保持在一个平面内的球笼(4);以及,
与主动轴固定连接的轴头(5),所述轴头(5)的端部开设有与内花键孔(21)相啮合的外花键轴(51),所述轴头(5)的端部还设有与内星轮(2)呈卡接定位的圆形卡簧(52),所述轴头(5)的端部与内星轮(2)铆合联接。
2.如权利要求1所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,所述内星轮(2)设置有铆接点(23),所述轴头(5)的底部抵接于铆合点(23),且于铆接点(23)处与所述内星轮(2)铆合连接。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,所述轴头(5)的底部开设加工槽(53),用于对所述轴头(5)底部进行加工,以使所述轴头(5)与内星轮(2)铆合联接。
4.如权利要求1所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,所述外星轮(1)的柄部设有通孔(12),以便于对所述轴头(5)底部进行加工。
5.如权利要求4所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,还包括端盖(6),所述端盖(6)设有拆卸孔(61),所述端盖(6)与通孔(12)过盈配合,以使所述端盖(6)卡接于外星轮(1)柄部的通孔(12)内。
6.如权利要求1所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,所述外星轮(1)的外壁到轴头(5)的另一端部之间设有防尘罩(7)。
7.如权利要求6所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,所述防尘罩(7)的外壁设有与外星轮(1)相紧固的卡箍(71)。
8.如权利要求1所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构,其特征在于,所述外球道(11)和内球道(22)的轴线相对所述内星轮(2)的轴线倾斜设置。
9.一种万向节传动装置,其特征在于,所述万向节传动装置包括如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的转向管柱用万向节总成结构。
10.一种汽车,其特征在于,所述汽车包括如权利要求9所述的万向节传动装置。
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