CN115161506A - Aluminum alloy refining agent for removing iron and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy refining agent for removing iron and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115161506A CN115161506A CN202210834560.1A CN202210834560A CN115161506A CN 115161506 A CN115161506 A CN 115161506A CN 202210834560 A CN202210834560 A CN 202210834560A CN 115161506 A CN115161506 A CN 115161506A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 IHGSAQHSAGRWNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 aluminum-iron-silicon Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOBPHQJGWSVXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[F] Chemical class [O].[F] UOBPHQJGWSVXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEBAUTBPSKCVJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Mn].[Fe] Chemical compound [P].[Mn].[Fe] JEBAUTBPSKCVJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy refining agent for removing iron and a heat treatment process thereof, and the aluminum alloy refining agent comprises a first component and a second component; the first component includes: sodium borate, dolomite; the second component comprises: cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide. The invention realizes iron removal and refining of the aluminum alloy by the configuration of the components of the refining agent, the utilization of the components of sodium borate, dolomite, manganese phosphide and the like and the application process of the refining agent in cooperation, and the invention is combined with the heat treatment process to further improve the quality of the refined aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refining agents, in particular to an aluminum alloy refining agent for removing iron and a heat treatment process thereof.
Background
We refer to an alloy based on aluminium with certain alloying elements added, as an aluminium alloy. The solid solubility of iron in the aluminum alloy is low, a small amount of iron can be combined with elements in the aluminum alloy to form a needle-shaped iron phase, and the most common form is needle-shaped Al 3 Fe is called as an iron-rich phase, is hard and brittle, is three-dimensionally thick and flaky, cuts off a matrix, reduces corrosion resistance, and has a plurality of adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, including cutting performance, so that the mechanical properties, particularly the elongation, of the aluminum alloy are greatly reduced; the acicular iron-rich phase is a very active pore nucleation base, the tiny pores cause micro-porosity in the dendritic region, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation all decrease with the increase of the porosity. Thus, iron is the most harmful element in aluminum alloys. The aluminum alloy inevitably contains a certain amount of impurity iron which is mainly from crucibles and melts used in the smelting and casting processesTools, molds, and the like. In addition, the iron content in the aluminum alloy is increased every time the foundry returns are remelted, and the iron content in the aluminum alloy is gradually increased after repeated recycling. High-quality aluminum alloys such as industrial pure aluminum-iron, aluminum-iron-silicon alloys with very low silicon content have two difficulties in the production process, namely how to remove gas and impurities in the melt with high efficiency and no pollution; another is how to remove harmful alloying elements, such as elemental iron. Therefore, we propose an aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal and a heat treatment process thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy refining agent for removing iron and a heat treatment process thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an aluminum alloy refining agent for removing iron comprises a first component and a second component; the first component includes: sodium borate, dolomite; the second component comprises: cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide.
Further, the adding mass of the sodium borate in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.26-0.30%.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is (2.6-5.5): 1.
Further, the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36-0.40%.
Further, the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 to 20.5 portions of cryolite, 26.7 to 27.5 portions of sodium chloride, 32.5 to 33.3 portions of potassium chloride, 9.5 to 10.5 portions of calcium fluoride, 9.7 to 11.2 portions of sodium fluoride and 9.7 to 10.1 portions of manganese phosphide.
Furthermore, the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.25-0.5 mm.
Further, the refining agent is prepared by the following process:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball-milling and drying to obtain a first component;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for 3h, cooling, crushing and ball-milling to obtain a second component; the refining agent is prepared.
Further, the drying process comprises the following steps: drying for 1-6 h at 180-200 ℃.
A process for refining aluminum alloy comprises aluminum alloy to be deironized and a refining agent, and comprises the following specific steps:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 730-820 ℃ for melting, adding the first component for mixing, heating to 830-870 ℃, preserving heat for melting for 1-2 h, and filtering;
cooling to 720-750 ℃, adding a second component, and placing in a magnetic field for removing iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2 to 0.4T, the action distance of magnetic lines of force is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20 to 25mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 30 to 60s;
the obtained aluminum alloy melt is placed in a ceramic tube in the center of a solenoid coil, the size of the ceramic tube is phi 10mm multiplied by 100mm, and the solenoid coil is electrified with 150-230A direct current;
pouring and forming, and carrying out heat treatment, wherein the process comprises the following steps: heating to 520-560 ℃, preserving heat for 6-48 h, and rapidly cooling at a cooling speed of 50-70 ℃/S; heating to 160-200 ℃, preserving the heat for 6-10 h, and air cooling to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Further, the melting process comprises the following steps: heating to 350-420 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50-60 min, then heating to 730-820 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-60 min.
In the recovery of aluminum scrap, iron is the most harmful impurity component, and the sources of iron are mainly as follows: iron elements contained in the waste aluminum alloy, the electrolytic aluminum and the alloy additive are introduced during smelting; the use of iron tools in the smelting of waste aluminum alloys; the pretreatment before the smelting of the waste aluminum alloy is incomplete, and an iron insert, iron powder and iron oxide in the waste aluminum alloy are brought into aluminum liquid; and (4) accumulating iron element in the cyclic regeneration of the waste aluminum alloy. The method aims to solve the problems that the removal of impurity iron in waste aluminum alloy is carried out by a dilution method, a gravity settling method, a centrifugal removal method, a filtration method, an electromagnetic separation method, a solvent method and the like, the process time is long, continuous treatment cannot be carried out, iron phase precipitation is in gradient distribution from top to bottom, a large amount of aluminum material waste is easily caused, the iron phase removal rate is low, the cost is high and the like.
In the technical scheme, firstly, a first component, namely sodium borate and dolomite, is added into molten aluminum alloy to be deironized, the sodium borate is dried and dehydrated, wherein the replaced active boron atoms can react with impurity iron atoms in an aluminum alloy melt to generate a high-melting-point Fe-B compound which is used as an iron-rich phase to precipitate into molten slag, and the molten slag is filtered to remove the iron; magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are generated during decomposition of dolomite, and the carbon dioxide realizes degassing in the melt purification process, reduces air gaps, improves the quality of the aluminum alloy, and can homogenize the magnetic induction intensity in the subsequent process, thereby further improving the refining effect; magnesium oxide can be reduced to obtain metal magnesium in the presence of calcium oxide, ferrosilicon and calcium fluoride, and participates in the reaction between sodium borate and iron, so that active boron atoms can be generated, active diboron trioxide is generated, and the method is different from the directly added diboron trioxide, has higher reaction activity, can improve the generation efficiency of Fe-B compounds, and improves the iron removal effect; under the conditions of existence of the element magnesium and setting of the heat preservation temperature, the density of the iron-rich phase is increased, and the sedimentation speed is accelerated; meanwhile, the melting point of the aluminum alloy melt can be greatly reduced, the fluidity of the aluminum alloy melt is improved, and the separation and filtration removal of an iron-rich phase are facilitated; because the vapor pressure of magnesium is low, a large amount of magnesium is evaporated during alloy smelting, so that the loss of magnesium element is caused, and the magnesium element is easy to react with oxygen in air to cause the burning loss of the magnesium element, so that the addition amount of the magnesium element and the iron removal process temperature need to be controlled; according to the proportion of boron to iron in the Fe-B compound, the relation between the mass of sodium borate required for removing iron and the iron content of the aluminum alloy can be obtained, and the addition amount of the sodium borate is convenient to control;
after the iron removal process is carried out, a certain amount of elements such as iron, magnesium and oxides still exist in the aluminum alloy melt, in order to further improve the quality of the aluminum alloy, the iron removal refining is carried out on the aluminum alloy again, and second components such as cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide are added into the melt; cryolite (Na) 3 AlF 6 ) Can dissolve and reduce aluminaThe melting point of the second component is improved, the covering of aluminum oxide on the surface of the second component is avoided, the contact of iron atoms and the second component is facilitated, and conditions are created for reaction; the potassium chloride and the sodium chloride form eutectic with low melting point, so that the fluidity of the aluminum alloy melt is improved, the surface tension is small, the aluminum oxide can be wetted, and the separation of impurities in the aluminum alloy is facilitated; promoting the action of calcium fluoride and sodium fluoride, accelerating the separation of aluminum oxide and the alloy, adsorbing cations of a surface activation center of the aluminum oxide, forming fluorine-oxygen complexes, blocking pores, avoiding oxygen and water vapor from leading to a melt, promoting the conversion of gamma-aluminum oxide into alpha-aluminum oxide, and transferring an oxide film into a second component; the surface tension between the second component and the aluminum alloy melt is improved, the second component and the aluminum alloy melt are easier to separate, the adsorption of the second component on hydrogen and oxide inclusions is accelerated, the adhesion and the clamping of aluminum in slag are reduced, the metal loss is reduced, the air suction and the oxidation of the aluminum alloy are prevented, and the refining is realized; in addition, a large amount of heat is released in the reaction process, so that the penetration of impurities in the furnace wall is accelerated, the heating and heat preservation effects can be realized, the local fluidity of the aluminum alloy melt is improved, and the actual yield of aluminum is improved; the manganese phosphide can weaken the friction between the second components and improve the fluidity of the aluminum alloy melt; because the atomic numbers of the manganese element and the iron element are closer and the atomic radii are close, the iron atom can replace the manganese atom to form a Fe-P compound so as to obtain a manganese-iron-phosphorus compound; under the influence of magnesium element, manganese element is separated out and can enter an iron-rich phase (Al-Fe) in the aluminum alloy melt, the size is increased, and the filtration efficiency is improved; by controlling the particle size of the manganese phosphide, the manganese phosphide is easier to diffuse into an iron phase, so that the iron removal efficiency is improved, and the oxidation of manganese metal is avoided; when the alloy is acted by electromagnetic force, the obtained iron-rich phase and manganese-iron-phosphorus-containing compound are subjected to larger electromagnetic extrusion force, and are easy to separate from the aluminum alloy melt, so that iron removal and refining of the aluminum alloy are realized; the prepared refined aluminum alloy contains a small amount of magnesium and manganese elements, and the strength of the refined aluminum alloy can be further enhanced by matching the magnesium and the manganese elements.
The subsequent heat treatment process can reduce the nucleation of the iron-rich phase, inhibit the occurrence of beta-iron phase, refine the residual iron-rich phase which is not removed in the aluminum alloy, promote the granulation of the iron-rich phase and the formation of spherical iron-rich phase, improve the tissue uniformity of the aluminum alloy and improve the quality of the refined aluminum alloy.
In the technical scheme, the aluminum alloy to be deironized is iron-containing waste aluminum alloy and comprises the following chemical components in parts by weight: 0.06% Si, 1.02% Fe, 0.0016Cu, 0.0076Mn, 0.0084% Zn, the balance being aluminum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the aluminum alloy refining agent for removing iron and the preparation process thereof, the components of the refining agent are configured, the components such as sodium borate, dolomite, manganese phosphide and the like are utilized, and the application process of the refining agent is cooperated, so that the iron removal and refining of the aluminum alloy are realized, and the aluminum alloy refining agent is combined with the heat treatment process, so that the quality of the refined aluminum alloy is further improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball milling for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is 2.6;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride and 9.7 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃ again, and preserving heat for 50min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, melting for 1h, and filtering; the adding mass of the sodium borate in the first component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.26%;
cooling to 720 ℃, adding a second component, and putting the mixture in a magnetic field to remove iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 30s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent;
(3) Heat treatment of the aluminum alloy:
pouring to molding, and carrying out heat treatment, wherein the process comprises the following steps: heating to 520 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, and rapidly cooling at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/S; heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, and air cooling to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball-milling for 1h, and drying at 190 ℃ for 3h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is 4;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, preserving heat at 1050 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and ball-milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of cryolite, 27 parts of sodium chloride, 33 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of calcium fluoride, 10 parts of sodium fluoride and 10 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.35mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 760 ℃ again, and preserving heat for 55min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 850 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, melting for 1.5h, and filtering; the adding mass of the sodium borate in the first component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.28 percent;
cooling to 730 ℃, adding a second component, and putting the mixture in a magnetic field to remove iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.3T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 22mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 40s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.38;
(3) Heat treatment of the aluminum alloy:
pouring to molding, and carrying out heat treatment, wherein the process comprises the following steps: heating to 540 ℃, preserving heat for 24h, and rapidly cooling at the cooling speed of 60 ℃/S; and heating to 180 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and cooling in air to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball-milling for 1h, and drying at 200 ℃ for 6h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is 5.5;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature at 1100 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20.5 parts of cryolite, 27.5 parts of sodium chloride, 33.3 parts of potassium chloride, 10.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 11.2 parts of sodium fluoride and 10.1 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.5mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 420 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 820 ℃ again, and preserving heat for 60min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 870 deg.C, melting for 2 hr, and filtering; the adding mass of the sodium borate in the first component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.30 percent;
cooling to 750 ℃, adding a second component, and putting the mixture in a magnetic field to remove iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.4T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 25mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 60s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.40 percent;
(3) Heat treatment of the aluminum alloy:
pouring to form, and carrying out heat treatment, wherein the process comprises the following steps: heating to 560 ℃, preserving heat for 48h, and rapidly cooling at the cooling speed of 70 ℃/S; heating to 200 ℃, preserving the heat for 10h, and cooling in air to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 1
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball-milling for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is 2.6;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride and 9.7 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃ again, and preserving heat for 50min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, melting for 1h, and filtering; the adding mass of the sodium borate in the first component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.26 percent;
cooling to 720 ℃, adding a second component, and placing in a magnetic field for removing iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 30s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent; pouring and molding to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 2
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball-milling for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is 2.6;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride and 9.7 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃ again, and preserving heat for 50min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, melting for 1 hr, and filtering; the adding mass of the sodium borate in the first component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.26%;
cooling to 720 ℃, adding a second component, cooling to 720 ℃, and stirring at the rotating speed of 3000rpm for 60s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent;
(3) Heat treatment of the aluminum alloy:
pouring to form, and carrying out heat treatment, wherein the process comprises the following steps: heating to 520 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, and rapidly cooling at the cooling speed of 50 ℃/S; heating to 160 ℃, preserving the heat for 6h, and cooling in air to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 3
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing sodium borate and calcium carbonate, performing ball milling for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the calcium carbonate is 2.6;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride and 9.7 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃, and preserving heat for 50min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, melting for 1h, and filtering; the adding mass of the sodium borate in the first component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.26 percent;
cooling to 720 ℃, adding a second component, and putting the mixture in a magnetic field to remove iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 30s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent;
step (3) was the same as in example 1 to obtain a refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 4
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing boron trioxide and dolomite, ball-milling for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the diboron trioxide to the dolomite is 3.6;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride and 9.7 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃, and preserving heat for 50min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, melting for 1h, and filtering; the mass ratio of the diboron trioxide in the first component to the iron in the aluminum alloy is 0.36;
cooling to 720 ℃, adding a second component, and placing in a magnetic field for removing iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 30s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent;
step (3) was the same as in example 1 to obtain a refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 5
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball milling for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is 2.6;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and aluminum phosphide, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; preparing a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride and 9.7 parts of manganese phosphide; the average grain diameter of calcium fluoride and aluminum phosphide is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃, and preserving heat for 50min; adding the first component, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, melting for 1h, and filtering; the adding mass of the sodium borate in the first component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.26%;
cooling to 720 ℃, adding a second component, and putting the mixture in a magnetic field to remove iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 30s; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent;
step (3) was the same as in example 1 to obtain a refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 6
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
milling boron trioxide for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride and sodium fluoride, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and performing ball milling for 1 hour to obtain a second component; mixing the first component and the second component to prepare a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride and 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃ again, and preserving heat for 50min; adding refining agent, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, melting for 1h, and filtering; cooling to 720 ℃, and placing in a magnetic field for removing iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2T, the action distance of magnetic lines is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate, and the time is 30s; the mass ratio of the diboron trioxide in the first component to the iron in the aluminum alloy is 0.36; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent.
Step (3) was the same as in example 1 to obtain a refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 7
(1) Preparation of a refining agent:
milling boron trioxide for 1h, and drying at 180 ℃ for 1h to obtain a first component; mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride and sodium fluoride, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 3h, crushing, and ball-milling for 1h to obtain a second component; mixing the first component and the second component to prepare a refining agent; the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 parts of cryolite, 26.7 parts of sodium chloride, 32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 9.5 parts of calcium fluoride and 9.7 parts of sodium fluoride; the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride is 0.25mm;
(2) Refining of the aluminum alloy:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃, and preserving heat for 50min; adding refining agent, mixing, heating to 830 deg.C, melting for 1 hr, and filtering; cooling to 720 ℃, stirring at 3000rpm for 60s, and filtering; the mass ratio of the diboron trioxide in the first component to the iron in the aluminum alloy is 0.36; the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36 percent.
Step (3) was the same as in example 1 to obtain a refined aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 7
Taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 730 ℃, and preserving heat for 50min; adding boron trioxide, mixing, heating to 830 ℃, keeping the temperature, melting for 1h, and filtering; cooling to 720 ℃, and stirring for 60s at the rotating speed of 3000 rpm; the mass ratio of the diboron trioxide to the iron in the aluminum alloy is 0.36.
Pouring and molding to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Experiment of the invention
Taking the refined aluminum alloys obtained in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 7 to prepare samples, respectively detecting the performances of the samples and recording the detection results:
analysis of metal components: measuring the alloy components of the sample by using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, and calculating the removal rate of iron elements before and after iron removal refining, wherein the removal rate of Fe = (the content of the iron element in the refined aluminum alloy-the content of the iron element in the aluminum alloy to be removed)/the content of the iron element in the aluminum alloy to be removed is multiplied by 100%;
and (3) testing mechanical properties: the test piece was subjected to a tensile test using an electronic universal tester at a tensile speed of 0.45mm/min.
| Fe removal rate (%) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | |
| Example 1 | 72.1 | 138.7 | 30.2 |
| Example 2 | 75.2 | 146.0 | 31.8 |
| Example 3 | 73.7 | 141.1 | 31.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 72.1 | 133.4 | 17.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 66.5 | 117.6 | 14.1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 63.3 | 127.6 | 15.4 |
| Comparative example 4 | 64.0 | 125.3 | 15.2 |
| Comparative example 5 | 58.4 | 110.4 | 13.6 |
| Comparative example 6 | 46.2 | 106.7 | 12.7 |
| Comparative example 7 | 35.6 | 90.3 | 11.8 |
From the data in the table above, it is clear that the following conclusions can be drawn:
the refined aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1-3 were compared with the refined aluminum alloys obtained in comparative examples 1-7, and the results of the measurements were found,
1. compared with the comparative example 7, the refined aluminum alloy obtained in the examples 1-3 has more excellent iron removal rate and tensile property data, which fully shows that the iron removal refining of the aluminum alloy is realized, and the mechanical property of the prepared refined aluminum alloy is improved;
2. in comparison with example 1, the refined aluminum alloy in comparative example 1 was not heat-treated; the refining process in comparative example 2 has the magnetic field settings deleted and the refining temperatures are different; comparative example 3 dolomite in the refining agent was replaced with calcium carbonate; comparative example 4 sodium borate in the refining agent was replaced with diboron trioxide; comparative example 5 manganese phosphide in the refining agent was replaced with aluminum phosphide; comparative example 6 the refining agent was a mixture of diboron trioxide, cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride; the refining agent in comparative example 7 was diboron trioxide; the iron removal rate and tensile property data of the aluminum alloy are degraded, and the components, the process and the application of the refining agent and the heat treatment setting of the aluminum alloy are known to realize iron removal refining of the aluminum alloy, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process item or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process item or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent change and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal is characterized in that: comprises a first component and a second component; the first component includes: sodium borate, dolomite; the second component comprises: cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide.
2. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adding mass of the sodium borate in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.26-0.30%.
3. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the sodium borate to the dolomite is (2.6-5.5): 1.
4. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adding mass of the second component in the aluminum alloy to be deironized is 0.36-0.40%.
5. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19.7 to 20.5 portions of cryolite, 26.7 to 27.5 portions of sodium chloride, 32.5 to 33.3 portions of potassium chloride, 9.5 to 10.5 portions of calcium fluoride, 9.7 to 11.2 portions of sodium fluoride and 9.7 to 10.1 portions of manganese phosphide.
6. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the average grain diameter of the calcium fluoride and the manganese phosphide is 0.25-0.5 mm.
7. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refining agent is prepared by the following process:
mixing sodium borate and dolomite, ball-milling and drying to obtain a first component;
mixing cryolite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride and manganese phosphide, keeping the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for 3h, cooling, crushing and ball-milling to obtain a second component; the refining agent is prepared.
8. An aluminum alloy refining agent for iron removal according to claim 2, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy to be deironized is iron-containing waste aluminum alloy.
9. A process for refining aluminum alloy is characterized in that: comprising the aluminum alloy to be deironized and the refining agent disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 8,
the method comprises the following specific steps:
taking aluminum alloy to be deironized, heating to 730-820 ℃ for melting, adding the first component for mixing, heating to 830-870 ℃, preserving heat for melting for 1-2 h, and filtering;
cooling to 720-750 ℃, adding a second component, and putting the mixture in a magnetic field to remove iron, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the magnetic induction intensity is 0.2-0.4T, the action distance of magnetic lines of force is 100mm, the melt flow rate is 20-25 mm/s, the separation channel is a flat plate type, and the time is 30-60 s;
pouring and forming, and carrying out heat treatment, wherein the process comprises the following steps: heating to 520-560 ℃, preserving heat for 6-48 h, and rapidly cooling at the cooling speed of 50-70 ℃/S; heating to 160-200 ℃, preserving the heat for 6-10 h, and air cooling to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
10. A process of refining an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 9, wherein: the melting process comprises the following steps: heating to 350-420 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50-60 min, then heating to 730-820 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-60 min.
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