CN115160493B - Modified polyacrylamide and supermolecule fracturing fluid for improving viscoelasticity and temperature resistance of fracturing fluid and preparation method of modified polyacrylamide and supermolecule fracturing fluid - Google Patents
Modified polyacrylamide and supermolecule fracturing fluid for improving viscoelasticity and temperature resistance of fracturing fluid and preparation method of modified polyacrylamide and supermolecule fracturing fluid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modified polyacrylamide for improving the viscoelasticity and temperature resistance of a fracturing fluid, a supermolecule fracturing fluid and a preparation method thereof, wherein the modified polyacrylamide contains a functional monomer with positive charges. The supermolecule fracturing fluid based on the modified polyacrylamide has good viscoelasticity and temperature and shear resistance, can reduce the dosage of a surfactant and the cost of the fracturing fluid, has higher tolerance to calcium and magnesium ions, has simple components and convenient preparation, and can meet the requirements of oil and gas field development on the fracturing fluid.
Description
The application is a divisional application with the application number of 202111112288.8, the application date of 2021-09-18 and the invention name of a supermolecule fracturing fluid based on modified polyacrylamide and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a modified polyacrylamide and supermolecule fracturing fluid for improving the viscoelasticity and temperature resistance of the fracturing fluid and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is a key stimulation measure for low permeability reservoir development, where the properties of the fracturing fluid have a significant impact on stimulation. The clean fracturing fluid of the vermicular micelle network structure constructed based on the viscoelastic surfactant (Viscoelastic Surfactant, VES) has the characteristics of automatic gel breaking when meeting hydrocarbon (such as crude oil) or dilution of formation water, no residue in gel breaking, capability of improving the flowback rate of the fracturing fluid, low damage to the formation and the like, and is particularly suitable for fracturing low-permeability compact oil and gas reservoirs.
The viscoelastic surfactant used at home and abroad at present is mainly cationic, and the use of the viscoelastic surfactant faces two problems: firstly, the cationic surfactant is easy to adsorb with sandstone with negative charges, so that the wettability of the stratum is changed, the capillary resistance of oil gas seepage is increased, and the recovery ratio is influenced; secondly, cationic surfactants have poor biocompatibility and are subject to a number of limitations in terms of use. The other is a zwitterionic surfactant, but the type of the zwitterionic surfactant is less, the cost is higher, and the use amount is less.
The anionic surfactant can avoid adsorption on the rock surface, has better biocompatibility, and has the advantages of multiple types, wide sources, reasonable cost and wide application prospect in the field of clean fracturing fluid. However, because the preparation conditions of the anionic surfactant viscoelastic fluid are harsh and the viscoelastic property is weak, the viscoelastic property and the temperature resistance of the currently used anionic surfactant clean fracturing fluid are greatly different from those of the cationic surfactant clean fracturing fluid, and the anionic surfactant clean fracturing fluid can only be used for partial medium-low temperature reservoirs. In addition, the dosage of the surfactant in the clean fracturing fluid is large, the cost is high, and how to reduce the dosage of the surfactant is also a key factor influencing popularization and application of the fracturing fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
The patent CN201610996967.9 uses anionic surfactant laureth sulfate and/or nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate as main agents, and inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and the like as counter ion salts to prepare the clean fracturing fluid, but the structure of the surfactant is not an advantageous structure for constructing worm-shaped micelles, so that the formed clean fracturing fluid has low viscosity (25-100 mPa.s) at normal temperature and poor temperature resistance, and can be only used for a low-temperature reservoir.
Patent CN201510809791.7 is characterized in that oleic acid and erucic acid are dissolved in a hot potassium hydroxide solution, betaine surfactant and alcohol auxiliary agent are compounded, potassium chloride is added, and clean fracturing fluid is prepared after cooling and aging; the patent CN201410606816.9 takes a long carbon chain natural fatty acid salt anionic surfactant as a main agent, takes Bola type biquaternary ammonium salt with a special structure as counter ion, and takes a nano stabilizer as an auxiliary material to prepare the clean fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid systems in the two patents have good temperature resistance and viscoelasticity, but the use amount of the surfactant is more than 10%, so that the cost of the fracturing fluid is greatly increased, the preparation process is complex, and the difficulty of field use of the fracturing fluid is also increased. In addition, the surfactants used in the two patents are carboxylate, and high-valence metal ions such as calcium, magnesium and the like in formation water are easy to precipitate and lose activity, so that the viscoelasticity and the later foaming drainage assisting property of the fracturing fluid are affected.
The invention aims to provide modified polyacrylamide and supermolecule fracturing fluid for improving the viscoelasticity and temperature resistance of an anionic surfactant clean fracturing fluid and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of weak viscoelasticity, poor temperature resistance, no divalent salt resistance, large use amount, high cost and the like of the traditional anionic surfactant clean fracturing fluid and realize better effect on the basis of reducing the mole ratio of raw materials.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a modified polyacrylamide for improving the viscoelasticity and temperature resistance of a fracturing fluid, wherein the modified polyacrylamide contains a functional monomer with positive charges; the functional monomer is one or a combination of more than one of molecular structures shown in the following formula I:
wherein X is halogen; r is R 1 Is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; r is R 2 Is C12-18 saturated straight-chain alkyl or benzyl.
Further, R in the functional monomer 2 Is a saturated straight-chain alkyl group with a carbon number of 16 to 18.
According to the invention, the positively charged functional monomer is introduced into the modified polyacrylamide, and mixed worm-shaped micelle is formed by the double functions of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic association with the anionic surfactant, so that the network density of the worm-shaped micelle is increased in a physical crosslinking mode, the viscoelasticity and the temperature resistance of the fracturing fluid are improved, and the dosage of the surfactant is reduced.
The modified polyacrylamide is formed by copolymerizing acrylamide, sodium acrylate and a functional monomer; the molar ratio of the acrylamide to the sodium acrylate to the functional monomer in the modified polyacrylamide is as follows: (60-100) to (5-40) to (0.05-4); further, the mol ratio of the acrylamide to the sodium acrylate to the functional monomer is (75-85) to (15-25) to (0.2-1);
further, the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylamide is 100-800 ten thousand.
The invention also provides a supermolecule fracturing fluid based on the modified polyacrylamide, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.01 to 3 parts of the modified polyacrylamide and 0.1 to 30 parts of sulfonate anionic surfactant.
The cis-unsaturated fatty acid derivative with 18-22 carbon atoms is used as the anionic surfactant, and compared with a short straight-chain alkyl, the cis-unsaturated fatty acid derivative with high carbon number is more beneficial to forming worm-shaped micelles, so that the viscoelasticity and the temperature resistance of the fracturing fluid are improved; compared with carboxylate surfactant, the sulfonate anionic surfactant adopted by the invention has higher tolerance to calcium and magnesium ions in formation water, and can avoid the influence of precipitation of the surfactant on the performance of fracturing fluid.
Further comprises 0.01 to 20 parts of hydrotropic salt, 0.1 to 20 parts of organic solvent, 0.1 to 30 parts of counter ion salt and 80 to 150 parts of water
Further, the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05 to 1 part of modified polyacrylamide, 1 to 6 parts of sulfonate anionic surfactant, 0.2 to 3 parts of hydrotropic salt, 1 to 6 parts of organic solvent, 1 to 8 parts of counter ion salt and 100 parts of water.
The sulfonate anionic surfactant is one or more combinations with a molecular structure shown in the following formula II:
in the formula II, M is selected from one of sodium and potassium; n=an integer of 1 to 5; r is R 1 Is a hydrogen atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group; r is R 2 A linear saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted hydrocarbon group selected from C11-C21;
the water-soluble salt is one or a plurality of combinations with a molecular structure shown in the following formula III:
in the formula III, X is halogen; r is R 3 Selected from aromatic groups; r is R 4 、R 5 、R 6 Each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C3 alkyl group, wherein the substituent is a hydroxyl group;
the organic solvent is selected from alcohol solvents; the counter ion salt is selected from chloride and bromide; the chloride salt is selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride; the bromide salt is selected from sodium bromide, potassium bromide and ammonium bromide.
The invention adopts the quaternary ammonium salt type hydrotropic salt with hydrophobic aromatic ring and the surfactant to form ion pairs to adjust the critical stacking parameter (critical packing parameter) of the surfactant, and can improve the solubility of the long carbon chain surfactant, so that the long carbon chain surfactant is more beneficial to forming worm-shaped micelle, thereby improving the viscoelasticity and the temperature resistance of the fracturing fluid.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, R in the sulfonate anionic surfactant of formula II 2 -CO is selected from one of oleic acid acyl, linoleic acid acyl, erucic acid acyl, stearic acid acyl, palmitic acid acyl, tetradecanoic acid acyl, dodecanoic acid acyl; n=2 or 3; r is R 1 Is a hydrogen atom, methyl;
in the formula III, X is chlorine and bromine; r is R 3 Selected from phenyl, naphthyl; -NR 4 R 5 R 6 One of amino, methyl diethanol amine, dimethyl ethanol amine or triethanol amine.
Further, the alcohol solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; the counter ion salt is selected from one or two of potassium chloride and ammonium chloride.
The small-molecular strong-hydrophilic alcohol solvent pre-dissolved surfactant adopted by the invention can improve the dissolution speed of the surfactant and avoid the damage of the alcohol solvent to the vermiform micelle structure, and has no influence on the fracturing fluid performance.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the supermolecule fracturing fluid, which comprises the following steps: mixing sulfonate anionic surfactant and organic solvent to obtain 30-60 wt% pre-solution, and mixing with modified polyacrylamide, water-soluble salt, counter ion salt and water.
The pre-solution is uniformly mixed with the modified polyacrylamide, the water-soluble salt, the counter ion salt and the water, and the pre-solution can be understood that the pre-solution can be sequentially uniformly mixed with the modified polyacrylamide, the water-soluble salt, the counter ion salt and the water; or mixing modified polyacrylamide, water-soluble salt, counter ion salt and water to obtain solution A, and mixing with the pre-solution; or mixing modified polyacrylamide, water-soluble salt and water to obtain solution A, mixing counter ion salt and pre-solution to obtain solution B, and mixing A, B; or mixing the pre-solution with water-soluble salt to obtain solution A, mixing modified polyacrylamide, counter ion salt and water to obtain solution B, mixing A, B, etc.
Further, the clean fracturing fluid is obtained by uniformly mixing a pre-solution with a hydrotropic salt to obtain a solution A, uniformly mixing modified polyacrylamide, a counter ion salt and water to obtain a solution B, and uniformly mixing A, B; the method can greatly improve the dissolution rate of the surfactant and shorten the gel forming time.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The modified polyacrylamide can effectively improve the viscoelasticity and the temperature resistance of the surfactant fracturing fluid, and the performance of the formed supermolecule fracturing fluid is far better than that of the common clean fracturing fluid under the same surfactant concentration.
(2) The supramolecular fracturing fluid can effectively reduce the use amount of the surfactant, reduce the cost of the fracturing fluid and is convenient to popularize and apply.
(3) The anionic surfactant selected in the clean fracturing fluid has better bivalent salt resistance, and the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions is more than 800mg/L.
(4) The invention has simple preparation condition and convenient on-site preparation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the viscosity-temperature curves of example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature and shear resistance characteristics of example 3 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the addition of calcium and magnesium ions to a solution of sodium oleate (sodium oleate) and a solution of sodium oleate (sodium oleate);
in FIG. 2, A is comparative example 2 and B is example 3;
in fig. 3, sodium oleate is left and sodium oleate is right.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the embodiment, the testing methods of the fracturing fluid such as the temperature resistance, the shearing resistance and the like are carried out by referring to the water-based fracturing fluid evaluation method of the oil and gas industry standard SY/T5107-2016.
Example 1
A supermolecule clean fracturing fluid based on modified polyacrylamide and anionic surfactant comprises the following specific preparation steps:
s1, preparing the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-7 by an aqueous solution polymerization mode according to the molar ratio of the acrylamide to the sodium acrylate to the functional monomer acryloyloxyethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of 85:15:1, wherein the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-7 is 400-500 ten thousand.
S2, dissolving the purified anionic surfactant sodium oleate oxyethyl sulfonate in methanol with the same mass to prepare a pre-solution with the mass fraction of 50%; dissolving 0.4g of the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-7 prepared in S1 in 300g of water, then sequentially adding 3.2g of benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 16g of pre-solution, and uniformly dissolving to prepare a solution A; and (3) dissolving 16g of potassium chloride in 100g of water to prepare a solution B, adding the solution B into the solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain the supermolecule clean fracturing fluid with viscoelasticity.
Example 2
A supermolecule clean fracturing fluid based on modified polyacrylamide and anionic surfactant comprises the following specific preparation steps:
s1, preparing the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-18 in an aqueous solution polymerization mode according to the molar ratio of the acrylamide to the sodium acrylate to the functional monomer acryloyloxyethyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of 85:15:0.5, wherein the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-18 is 400-500 ten thousand.
S2, dissolving the purified anionic surfactant sodium oleate oxyethyl sulfonate in methanol with the same mass to prepare a pre-solution with the mass fraction of 50%; dissolving 0.4g of the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-18 prepared in S1 in 300g of water, then sequentially adding 3.2g of benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 16g of pre-solution, and uniformly dissolving to prepare a solution A; and (3) dissolving 16g of potassium chloride in 100g of water to prepare a solution B, adding the solution B into the solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain the supermolecule clean fracturing fluid with viscoelasticity.
Example 3
A supermolecule clean fracturing fluid based on modified polyacrylamide and anionic surfactant comprises the following specific preparation steps:
s1, preparing the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-18 in an aqueous solution polymerization mode according to the molar ratio of the acrylamide to the sodium acrylate to the functional monomer acryloyloxyethyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of 85:15:0.5, wherein the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylamide MPAM-18 is 400-500 ten thousand.
S2, dissolving the purified anionic surfactant erucic acid amide propyl sodium sulfonate in isopropanol with equal mass to prepare a pre-solution with the mass fraction of 50%; dissolving 0.8g of modified polyacrylamide MPAM-18 prepared in S1 in 250g of water, then sequentially adding 8g of benzyl dihydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride, and 30g of pre-solution, and uniformly dissolving to prepare a solution A; and (3) dissolving 20g of potassium chloride in 150g of water to prepare a solution B, adding the solution B into the solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain the supermolecule clean fracturing fluid with viscoelasticity.
Comparative example 1
The purified anionic surfactant sodium oleate oxyethyl sulfonate is dissolved in methanol with equal mass to prepare a pre-solution with the mass fraction of 50%. 3.2g of benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and 16g of pre-solution are sequentially dissolved in 300g of water to prepare solution A, 16g of potassium chloride is taken and dissolved in 100g of water to prepare solution B, and the solution B is added into the solution A and stirred uniformly to form the clean fracturing fluid with viscoelasticity.
Comparative example 2
The purified anionic surfactant sodium erucic acid amide propyl sulfonate is dissolved in isopropyl alcohol with equal mass to prepare a pre-solution with the mass fraction of 50 percent. And sequentially dissolving 8g of benzyl dihydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride and 40g of pre-solution in 250g of water to obtain a solution A, dissolving 24g of potassium chloride in 150g of water to obtain a solution B, adding the solution B into the solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain the clean fracturing fluid with viscoelasticity.
The viscosity-temperature curves of example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1 are shown in figure 1. The difference between the three is that 0.1 part of modified polyacrylamide is added in both examples, and the viscosity of the modified polyacrylamide is far higher than that of comparative example 1, which shows that the supermolecule effect exists between the surfactant micelle and the modified polyacrylamide, and the supermolecule clean fracturing fluid with the same surfactant concentration has better viscoelasticity and temperature resistance.
In comparative examples 1 and 2, the viscosity of example 2 was higher than that of example 1 instead, indicating that the supermolecular association between the long-chain alkyl group in the functional monomer and the surfactant micelle was stronger than that of the benzyl group having a relatively small number of carbon atoms, at a lower molar ratio of the functional monomer in the modified polyacrylamide.
The comparison of the temperature and shear resistance curves of example 3 and comparative example 2 is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from the graph, the stable shear viscosity at 120 ℃ of comparative example 2 (fig. 2 a) and example 3 (fig. 2 b) is about 50mpa·s, but the surfactant concentration in example 3 is about 3.8%, which is lower than 5% in comparative example 2, indicating that the supramolecular fracturing fluid system can effectively reduce the amount of surfactant used, thereby reducing the fracturing fluid cost.
Comparative example 3
2.5% of anionic surfactant sodium oleate oxyethyl sulfonate, 2.5% of sodium oleate and 600ppm of Ca are respectively added 2 + 、200ppm Mg 2+ The mixture was subjected to mixing and precipitation was observed, and the results were shown in FIG. 3.
The result of fig. 3 shows that the sulfonate anionic surfactant sodium oleate oxyethyl sulfonate in the clean fracturing fluid has higher tolerance to calcium and magnesium ions in formation water, and can avoid the influence of precipitation of the surfactant on the performance of the fracturing fluid.
In conclusion, the supermolecule clean fracturing fluid based on the modified polyacrylamide and the anionic surfactant has better viscoelasticity and temperature resistance than the single anionic surfactant clean fracturing fluid, can reduce the dosage of the surfactant, and can effectively solve the problems of weak viscoelasticity, poor temperature resistance, no divalent salt resistance, large dosage, higher cost and the like of the traditional anionic surfactant clean fracturing fluid.
The modified polyacrylamide can effectively improve the viscoelasticity and the temperature resistance of the surfactant fracturing fluid. Compared with the case that the substituent of the functional monomer is benzyl, when the substituent is long-chain alkyl, the viscosity of the prepared supermolecule fracturing fluid is higher and unexpected technical effects are obtained under the condition that the molar ratio of the functional monomer in the modified polyacrylamide is lower.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The supermolecule fracturing fluid based on the modified polyacrylamide is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.01 to 3 parts of modified polyacrylamide, 0.1 to 30 parts of sulfonate anionic surfactant, 0.01 to 20 parts of hydrotropic salt, 0.1 to 20 parts of organic solvent, 0.1 to 30 parts of counter ion salt and 80 to 150 parts of water;
the modified polyacrylamide contains a functional monomer with positive charges; the functional monomer is one or a combination of more than one of molecular structures shown in the following formula I:
wherein X is halogen; r1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; r2 is saturated straight-chain alkyl of C16-18;
the modified polyacrylamide is formed by copolymerizing acrylamide, sodium acrylate and a functional monomer; the molar ratio of the acrylamide to the sodium acrylate to the functional monomer in the modified polyacrylamide is as follows: (75-85) to (15-25) to (0.2-1);
the molecular weight of the modified polyacrylamide is 100-800 ten thousand;
the sulfonate anionic surfactant is one or more combinations with a molecular structure shown in the following formula II:
in the formula II, M is selected from one of sodium and potassium; n=an integer of 1 to 5; r1 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C3 alkyl group; r2 is selected from linear saturated or unsaturated non-substituted hydrocarbon groups containing C11-C21;
the water-soluble salt is one or a plurality of combinations with a molecular structure shown in the following formula III:
in the formula III, X is halogen; r3 is selected from aromatic groups; r4, R5 and R6 are respectively and independently selected from hydrogen atoms and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C3 alkyl, wherein the substituent is hydroxyl.
2. The supramolecular fracturing fluid according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.05 to 1 part of modified polyacrylamide, 1 to 6 parts of sulfonate anionic surfactant, 0.2 to 3 parts of hydrotropic salt, 1 to 6 parts of organic solvent, 1 to 8 parts of counter ion salt and 100 parts of water.
3. The supramolecular fracturing fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that said organic solvent is chosen from alcoholic solvents; the counter ion salt is selected from chloride and bromide; the chloride salt is selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride; the bromide salt is selected from sodium bromide, potassium bromide and ammonium bromide.
4. The supramolecular fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein in the sulfonate anionic surfactant of formula ii, R2-CO is selected from one of oleic acid acyl group, linoleic acid acyl group, erucic acid acyl group, stearic acid acyl group, hexadecanoic acid acyl group, tetradecanoic acid acyl group, dodecanoic acid acyl group; n=2 or 3; r1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
in the formula III, X is chlorine and bromine; r3 is selected from phenyl and naphthyl; -NR4R5R6 is selected from one of amino, methyldiethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine or triethanolamine.
5. The supramolecular fracturing fluid according to claim 3, wherein said alcoholic solvent is chosen from one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol; the counter ion salt is selected from one or two of potassium chloride and ammonium chloride.
6. The method for preparing the supramolecular fracturing fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
mixing sulfonate anionic surfactant and organic solvent to obtain 30-60 wt% pre-solution, and mixing with modified polyacrylamide, water-soluble salt, counter ion salt and water.
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| CN113667466B (en) | 2022-08-30 |
| CN115160493A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
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