CN115160014B - 一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115160014B
CN115160014B CN202210711865.3A CN202210711865A CN115160014B CN 115160014 B CN115160014 B CN 115160014B CN 202210711865 A CN202210711865 A CN 202210711865A CN 115160014 B CN115160014 B CN 115160014B
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王岚
曹明
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Jiujiang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板及其制备方法，所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰10.0份～20.0份、废玻璃3.5份～6.5份、铝矾土12.0份～22.0份、蒙脱土2.0份～4.0份、石英砂4.0份～8.0份、沸石废料2.3份～4.3份、珍珠岩废料2.5份～6.5份、滑石粉1.6份～3.6份、三聚磷酸钠2.0份～3.0份、发泡剂0.2份～0.6份、分散剂0.1份～0.4份。本发明环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，采用组合发泡剂和分散剂，各原料组分之间分散更加均匀，经发泡后，孔隙率高、孔隙均匀性好，有很好的保温隔热效果，且不会发生热量聚集，防火阻燃，使用安全性高。

Description

一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷板技术领域，具体涉及一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济的发展，人民生活水平提高，对生活品质的要求逐年上升。墙体保温装饰材料是近年来新兴的装饰材料，大部分由发泡陶瓷板制成，主要由于发泡陶瓷板是采用发泡反应制成的多孔材料，具有质轻、气孔率高，热导率低、耐腐蚀、耐高温等特点，可以适用多种墙体环境要求。
在实际应用中，发泡陶瓷板与墙体相容性好，安全稳固，且具有一定的防水、防火、防变形能力，另外，发泡陶瓷板在施工过程中比较方便，可以节约财力和物力，发展前景大好。
但是，目前发泡陶瓷板生产制备过程中，存在原料价格高昂、成本高，发泡不均匀、保温隔热不均匀，热量不均发生聚集以及陶瓷板强度不够，容易断裂等，影响正常使用等问题。
中国专利CN110590332A公开了一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，其通过将原料石材废料、珍珠岩废料、沸石废料、磷矿渣、陶土废料、发泡剂、氧化铁、助磨剂、陶瓷坯体增强剂混合粉磨后依次经干压成型，烘干后经950-1110℃下烧制80-100min后自然冷却后制得，其发泡程度较高，且绝大部分为比起空，具有较好的保温隔热效果，同时保证了较高的抗弯强度、较低的辐射性能和较高的阻燃性，且烧成温度低、时间短、生产耗能较少，具有广阔的应用前景，但是，此发明制备的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板的孔隙不均匀，保温隔热过程中容易发生热量聚集现象。
中国专利CN109133975A公开了一种轻质高强发泡陶瓷板，其主要原料为：粘土、锂尾矿、高温砂、中温砂、低温砂、滑石、高铝砂、铝矾土、发泡剂。通过控制锂尾矿、粘土、高温砂、中温砂、低温砂、高铝砂、铝矾土、发泡剂的合理比例，制备得到高强度、低容量、孔径小、孔径均匀的发泡陶瓷，但是，此发明轻质高强度发泡陶瓷板原料成本较高。
因此，本发明针对目前塑料包装材料存在的原料价格高昂、成本高，发泡不均匀、保温隔热不均匀，热量不均发生聚集以及陶瓷板强度不够，容易断裂等，影响正常使用等问题，提供一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明针对上述问题，提供一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板及其制备方法。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案是：一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰10.0份～20.0份、废玻璃3.5份～6.5份、铝矾土12.0份～22.0份、蒙脱土2.0份～4.0份、石英砂4.0份～8.0份、沸石废料2.3份～4.3份、珍珠岩废料2.5份～6.5份、滑石粉1.6份～3.6份、三聚磷酸钠2.0份～3.0份、发泡剂0.2份～0.6份、分散剂0.1份～0.4份。
进一步的，环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰12.0份～18.0份、废玻璃4.5份～5.5份、铝矾土14.0份～20.0份、蒙脱土2.5份～3.5份、石英砂5.0份～7.0份、沸石废料2.8份～3.8份、珍珠岩废料3.5份～5.5份、滑石粉2.1份～3.1份、三聚磷酸钠2.2份～2.8份、发泡剂0.3份～0.5份、分散剂0.2份～0.3份。
进一步的，发泡剂为淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅组成的组合物。
更进一步的，淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅的质量比为1：0.6～0.8：2。
进一步的，分散剂为质量比为1：0.8～1.0的聚乙二醇与硬脂酸镁的组合物。
本发明的又一发明目的在于，提供上述一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤I、将所述重量份的废玻璃、石英砂、沸石废料和珍珠岩废料混合粉碎至80目～100目，然后加入所述重量份的粉煤灰、铝矾土和蒙脱土，搅拌混合10min～15min，得到混合物A；
步骤II、在步骤Ⅰ得到的混合物A中加入所述重量份的滑石粉和三聚磷酸钠，干磨30min～60min后，加入水、所述重量份的发泡剂和分散剂继续研磨60min～90min，得到混合物B；
步骤Ⅲ、步骤II得到的混合物B喷雾干燥后，送入窑车并刮平制成坯体，将坯体以1.5℃/分钟～2.5℃/分钟的速率升温至350℃～450℃预烧20min～50min后进一步烧制得到所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板。
进一步的，步骤I中，搅拌速率为4000转/分钟～6000转/分钟。
进一步的，步骤Ⅱ中，混合物B中含水量为35％～45％。
进一步的，步骤Ⅲ中，进一步烧制过程具体为：以2.5℃/分钟～5.5℃/分钟的速率升温至650℃～750℃保持20min～30min，再以3.5℃/分钟～4.5℃/分钟的速率升温至900℃～1000℃保持25min～30min，最后以3.0℃/分钟～4.0℃/分钟的速率升温至1100℃～1150℃保持10min～15min。
本发明的优点是：
(1)本发明环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，采用组合发泡剂和分散剂，各原料组分之间分散更加均匀，经发泡后，孔隙率高、孔隙均匀性好，有很好的保温隔热效果，且不会发生热量聚集，防火阻燃，使用安全性高；
(2)本发明环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，选用原料价格低廉，多为工业废弃物，既可以降低生产成本，又可以废物回收利用，环保性好，复合绿色环保，可持续发展的理念；
(3)本发明环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，保温隔热效果好，又具有均匀的光泽度，质感优异，作为装饰材料应用十分广泛；
(4)本发明环保保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，具有较好的强度，有一定的抗压和抗弯强度，且耐磨防腐，使用寿命长，经济价值高；
(5)本发明环保保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，制备方法简单，工艺可操作性强，能耗低，节省人力物力，适合推广。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
实施例1
一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板
由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰10.0kg、废玻璃3.5kg、铝矾土12.0kg、蒙脱土2.0kg、石英砂4.0kg、沸石废料2.3kg、珍珠岩废料2.5kg、滑石粉1.6kg、三聚磷酸钠2.0kg、发泡剂0.2kg、分散剂0.1kg；其中，发泡剂为质量比为1：0.6：2的淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅组成的组合物；分散剂为质量比为1：0.8的聚乙二醇与硬脂酸镁的组合物。
制备步骤如下：
步骤I、将所述重量份的废玻璃、石英砂、沸石废料和珍珠岩废料混合粉碎至80目，然后加入所述重量份的粉煤灰、铝矾土和蒙脱土，以4000转/分钟的速率搅拌混合10min，得到混合物A；
步骤II、在步骤Ⅰ得到的混合物A中加入所述重量份的滑石粉和三聚磷酸钠，干磨30min后，加入水、所述重量份的发泡剂和分散剂继续研磨60min，得到含水量为35％的混合物B；
步骤Ⅲ、步骤II得到的混合物B喷雾干燥后，送入窑车并刮平制成坯体，将坯体以1.5℃/分钟的速率升温至350℃预烧20min后进一步烧制得到所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板。
上述中，进一步烧制过程具体为：以2.5℃/分钟的速率升温至650℃保持20min，再以3.5℃/分钟的速率升温至900℃保持25min，最后以3.0℃/分钟的速率升温至1100℃保持10min。
实施例2
一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板
由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰20.0kg、废玻璃6.5kg、铝矾土22.0kg、蒙脱土4.0kg、石英砂8.0kg、沸石废料4.3kg、珍珠岩废料6.5kg、滑石粉3.6kg、三聚磷酸钠3.0kg、发泡剂0.6kg、分散剂0.4kg；其中，发泡剂为质量比为1：0.8：2的淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅组成的组合物；分散剂为质量比为1：1.0的聚乙二醇与硬脂酸镁的组合物。
制备步骤如下：
步骤I、将所述重量份的废玻璃、石英砂、沸石废料和珍珠岩废料混合粉碎至100目，然后加入所述重量份的粉煤灰、铝矾土和蒙脱土，以6000转/分钟的速率搅拌混合15min，得到混合物A；
步骤II、在步骤Ⅰ得到的混合物A中加入所述重量份的滑石粉和三聚磷酸钠，干磨60min后，加入水、所述重量份的发泡剂和分散剂继续研磨90min，得到含水量为45％的混合物B；
步骤Ⅲ、步骤II得到的混合物B喷雾干燥后，送入窑车并刮平制成坯体，将坯体以2.5℃/分钟的速率升温至450℃预烧50min后进一步烧制得到所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板。
上述中，进一步烧制过程具体为：以5.5℃/分钟的速率升温至750℃保持30min，再以4.5℃/分钟的速率升温至1000℃保持30min，最后以4.0℃/分钟的速率升温至1150℃保持15min。
实施例3
一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板
由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰12.0kg、废玻璃4.5kg、铝矾土14.0kg、蒙脱土2.5kg、石英砂5.0kg、沸石废料2.8kg、珍珠岩废料3.5kg、滑石粉2.1kg、三聚磷酸钠2.2kg、发泡剂0.3kg、分散剂0.2kg；其中，发泡剂为质量比为1：0.8：2的淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅组成的组合物；分散剂为质量比为1：0.8的聚乙二醇与硬脂酸镁的组合物。
制备步骤如下：
步骤I、将所述重量份的废玻璃、石英砂、沸石废料和珍珠岩废料混合粉碎至80目，然后加入所述重量份的粉煤灰、铝矾土和蒙脱土，以4500转/分钟的速率搅拌混合11min，得到混合物A；
步骤II、在步骤Ⅰ得到的混合物A中加入所述重量份的滑石粉和三聚磷酸钠，干磨40min后，加入水、所述重量份的发泡剂和分散剂继续研磨70min，得到含水量为38％的混合物B；
步骤Ⅲ、步骤II得到的混合物B喷雾干燥后，送入窑车并刮平制成坯体，将坯体以1.8℃/分钟的速率升温至380℃预烧30min后进一步烧制得到所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板。
上述中，进一步烧制过程具体为：以3.5℃/分钟的速率升温至680℃保持22min，再以3.8℃/分钟的速率升温至9200℃保持26min，最后以3.2℃/分钟的速率升温至1110℃保持14min。
实施例4
一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板
由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰18.0kg、废玻璃5.5kg、铝矾土20.0kg、蒙脱土3.5kg、石英砂7.0kg、沸石废料3.8kg、珍珠岩废料5.5kg、滑石粉3.1kg、三聚磷酸钠2.8kg、发泡剂0.5kg、分散剂0.3kg；其中，发泡剂为质量比为1：0.6：2的淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅组成的组合物；分散剂为质量比为1：1.0的聚乙二醇与硬脂酸镁的组合物。
制备步骤如下：
步骤I、将所述重量份的废玻璃、石英砂、沸石废料和珍珠岩废料混合粉碎至100目，然后加入所述重量份的粉煤灰、铝矾土和蒙脱土，以5500转/分钟的速率搅拌混合14min，得到混合物A；
步骤II、在步骤Ⅰ得到的混合物A中加入所述重量份的滑石粉和三聚磷酸钠，干磨50min后，加入水、所述重量份的发泡剂和分散剂继续研磨80min，得到含水量为43％的混合物B；
步骤Ⅲ、步骤II得到的混合物B喷雾干燥后，送入窑车并刮平制成坯体，将坯体以2.2℃/分钟的速率升温至430℃预烧40min后进一步烧制得到所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板。
上述中，进一步烧制过程具体为：以4.5℃/分钟的速率升温至720℃保持28min，再以4.3℃/分钟的速率升温至980℃保持29min，最后以3.8℃/分钟的速率升温至1140℃保持11min。
实施例5
一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板
由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰15.0kg、废玻璃5.0kg、铝矾土16.0kg、蒙脱土3.0kg、石英砂6.0kg、沸石废料3.3kg、珍珠岩废料4.5kg、滑石粉2.6kg、三聚磷酸钠2.5kg、发泡剂0.4kg、分散剂0.2kg；其中，发泡剂为质量比为1：0.7：2的淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅组成的组合物；分散剂为质量比为1：0.9的聚乙二醇与硬脂酸镁的组合物。
制备步骤如下：
步骤I、将所述重量份的废玻璃、石英砂、沸石废料和珍珠岩废料混合粉碎至90目，然后加入所述重量份的粉煤灰、铝矾土和蒙脱土，以5000转/分钟的速率搅拌混合13min，得到混合物A；
步骤II、在步骤Ⅰ得到的混合物A中加入所述重量份的滑石粉和三聚磷酸钠，干磨45min后，加入水、所述重量份的发泡剂和分散剂继续研磨75min，得到含水量为40％的混合物B；
步骤Ⅲ、步骤II得到的混合物B喷雾干燥后，送入窑车并刮平制成坯体，将坯体以2.0℃/分钟的速率升温至400℃预烧35min后进一步烧制得到所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板。
上述中，进一步烧制过程具体为：以4.0℃/分钟的速率升温至700℃保持25min，再以4.0℃/分钟的速率升温至950℃保持28min，最后以3.5℃/分钟的速率升温至1130℃保持13min。
实验例
为了进一步说明本发明实施例1～5制备的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板的进步性，现作如下测试。
按照GBT1966-1996标准测试其吸水率；
按照GBT10294-2008标准测定其导热系数；
按照GB/T1966-1996标准测定其抗弯强度；
按照GB/T4740-1999标准测定其抗压强度；
按照GB/T8624-1997标准测定其燃烧等级；
结果统计见下表1：
表1本发明实施例1～5制备的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板的性能测试
Figure BDA0003708375210000091
上表结果可以看出本发明实施例1～5制备的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板力学性能优异，具有良好的抗弯强度和抗压强度，吸水率低，具有极好的防水性；导热系数小、阻燃等级高，可安全使用；另外，测定本发明实施例1～5制备的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板的孔径在0.3mm～0.4mm之间，孔径小，且切面孔径均匀，无大炮，具有较好的隔热保温效果。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，其特征在于，所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板由以下重量份的原料制备而成：粉煤灰12.0份～18.0份、废玻璃4.5份～5.5份、铝矾土14.0份～20.0份、蒙脱土2.5份～3.5份、石英砂5.0份～7.0份、沸石废料2.8份～3.8份、珍珠岩废料3.5份～5.5份、滑石粉2.1份～3.1份、三聚磷酸钠2.2份～2.8份、发泡剂0.3份～0.5份、分散剂0.2份～0.3份；所述发泡剂为淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅组成的组合物；所述分散剂为质量比为1：0.8～1.0的聚乙二醇与硬脂酸镁的组合物；所述的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤I、将所述重量份的废玻璃、石英砂、沸石废料和珍珠岩废料混合粉碎至80目～100目，然后加入所述重量份的粉煤灰、铝矾土和蒙脱土，搅拌混合10min～15min，得到混合物A；
步骤II、在步骤Ⅰ得到的混合物A中加入所述重量份的滑石粉和三聚磷酸钠，干磨30min～60min后，加入水、所述重量份的发泡剂和分散剂继续研磨60min～90min，得到混合物B；
步骤Ⅲ、步骤II得到的混合物B喷雾干燥后，送入窑车并刮平制成坯体，将坯体以1.5℃/分钟～2.5℃/分钟的速率升温至350℃～450℃预烧20min～50min后进一步烧制得到所述环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，其特征在于，所述淀粉、碳酸钙、碳化硅的质量比为1：0.6～0.8：2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，其特征在于，步骤I中，所述搅拌速率为4000转/分钟～6000转/分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，其特征在于，步骤Ⅱ中，所述混合物B中含水量为35％～45％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保型保温装饰发泡陶瓷板，其特征在于，步骤Ⅲ中，所述进一步烧制过程具体为：以2.5℃/分钟～5.5℃/分钟的速率升温至650℃～750℃保持20min～30min，再以3.5℃/分钟～4.5℃/分钟的速率升温至900℃～1000℃保持25min～30min，最后以3.0℃/分钟～4.0℃/分钟的速率升温至1100℃～1150℃保持10min～15min。
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