CN115159929A - Preparation method of ultra-high performance concrete - Google Patents

Preparation method of ultra-high performance concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115159929A
CN115159929A CN202210909120.8A CN202210909120A CN115159929A CN 115159929 A CN115159929 A CN 115159929A CN 202210909120 A CN202210909120 A CN 202210909120A CN 115159929 A CN115159929 A CN 115159929A
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ultra
molecular weight
weight polyethylene
performance concrete
high performance
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CN115159929B (en
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王玉镯
王益辉
赵鹏程
孙子昂
郑晓华
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B16/00Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B16/04Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B16/06Macromolecular compounds fibrous
    • C04B16/0616Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B16/0625Polyalkenes, e.g. polyethylene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1029Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B20/1048Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, or derivatives thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of production and application of ultra-high performance concrete, and particularly relates to a preparation method of the ultra-high performance concrete. The invention provides a preparation method of ultra-high performance concrete, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out surface modification on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers to improve the bonding capacity of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, then utilizing gelatin to adsorb nano materials on the surfaces of the fibers, utilizing the fibers to enable the nano materials to be uniformly distributed in the ultra-high performance concrete, then utilizing the hydration process of dry materials and the hydration heat to melt the gelatin, further enabling the nano materials to be separated from the fibers, and filling the fibers into the concrete, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the dispersibility.

Description

Preparation method of ultra-high performance concrete
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production and application of ultra-high performance concrete, and particularly relates to a preparation method of the ultra-high performance concrete.
Background
The common concrete material has the characteristics of good compression resistance, permeability resistance, plasticity and durability, local materials, simple and convenient process, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to the construction of infrastructure such as houses, roads, bridges, hydraulic engineering and the like after the middle of the 20 th century. Until now, concrete has become the most common and most used building material in the world, and the statistical data shows that the yield of premixed concrete in China reaches 23.36 million cubic meters in 2018.
However, the common concrete has the defects of low tensile strength, high brittleness, easy cracking, heavy self-weight and the like, and meanwhile, the low-strength concrete needs to consume more natural resources, releases more waste gas and dust in the production process, causes environmental pollution, and cannot meet the requirement of the development of building structures towards light weight, large span, durability, environmental protection and the like. Therefore, further research and development of high-strength durable concrete materials are needed to meet the requirements of modern infrastructure construction.
In order to make up for the defects of common concrete, ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is produced. Ultra-high performance concrete has been produced and developed for more than 40 years, and a large number of studies show that: compared with common concrete, UHPC has the advantages of super-strong mechanical properties (compressive strength of more than 120MPa and flexural strength of more than 15 MPa), super-high toughness, excellent durability, light dead weight, low later maintenance cost and the like. However, due to the influence of immature technical research, complex construction process, high manufacturing cost, large cement consumption and other problems, UHPC is not substantially popularized and applied all the time.
In 2012, in the third UHPC international conference, the current application of nano-materials in ultra-high performance concrete materials is listed in the important chapter of the conference, and the research progress in the field is introduced in detail, and the nano-materials become important instruments for improving the performance of UHPC. At present, the view that the nano material can effectively improve the mechanical property and durability of the ultra-high performance concrete is proved by a great amount of scientific researches. However, there is a significant problem in that the nano material has poor dispersibility in concrete, thereby resulting in incomplete improvement of ultra-high performance concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that the nano material is poor in dispersibility in the ultra-high performance concrete, the invention provides the preparation method of the ultra-high performance concrete, which has the advantages of reasonable design, simple method and operation and can effectively improve the dispersibility of the nano material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the invention provides a preparation method of ultra-high performance concrete, which comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, weighing required ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers according to the corresponding proportion of the ultrahigh performance concrete for surface modification, and improving the bonding capacity of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers for later use;
b. then, weighing corresponding nano materials according to the corresponding proportion of the ultra-high performance concrete, dissolving the nano materials in a gelatin solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion;
c. b, adding the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepared in the step a into a gelatin solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly, and performing freeze drying to obtain ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber attached with gelatin for later use;
d. then, mixing dry materials required by the ultra-high performance concrete together and uniformly stirring;
e. then adding the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder into the uniformly mixed dry material, and stirring to fully and uniformly mix the dry material and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder;
f. weighing the required water according to the water-to-glue ratio of 0.18;
g. then, weighing a mixture of the dry material obtained in the step e and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder, uniformly stirring the mixture with all the water obtained in the step f, adding the mixture into the mixture obtained in the step c to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber attached with the gelatin, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
h. and after stirring, continuously adding the mixture of the remaining one third of dry materials and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder into the mixture, continuously stirring until the mixture is uniformly stirred, and stopping stirring after the concrete matrix reaches the ideal fluidity to obtain the ultrahigh-performance concrete material.
Preferably, in the step a, the method for modifying the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber comprises the following steps:
a1, soaking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in ethanol, ultrasonically cleaning, and drying;
a2, carrying out plasma treatment on the washed and dried ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers;
and a3, soaking the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber after plasma treatment in an ethanol/water mixed solution containing a silane coupling agent, taking out after reacting for 1-5 h, and performing dehydration condensation reaction at 90-130 ℃ for 0.5-3 h to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber with improved bonding capacity.
Preferably, in the step b, the nano material is nano CaCO 3 Nano SiO 2 Nano Al 2 O 3 Nano MgO, carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide.
Preferably, in the step b, the solid content of the gelatin solution is enough for the attachment of the nano material.
Preferably, in the step d, the dry materials are cement, silica fume, mineral powder, quartz powder and quartz sand.
Preferably, in the step d, the mass ratio of cement, silica fume, mineral powder, quartz powder and quartz sand is 1: 0.13:0.1:1:0.22.
Preferably, in the step e, the dry powder of the high-performance water reducing agent accounts for 2% of the mass of the dry material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that,
1. the invention provides a preparation method of ultra-high performance concrete, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out surface modification on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers to improve the bonding capacity of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, then utilizing gelatin to adsorb nano materials on the surfaces of the fibers, utilizing the fibers to enable the nano materials to be uniformly distributed in the ultra-high performance concrete, then utilizing the hydration process of dry materials and the hydration heat to melt the gelatin, further enabling the nano materials to be separated from the fibers, and filling the fibers into the concrete, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the dispersibility.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
Example 1, this example aims to provide a method for preparing an ultra-high performance concrete with good nano-material dispersibility
It should be noted that the purpose of the improvement in the embodiment is mainly directed to the dispersion of the nano material, and the raw material selected for the ultra-high performance concrete may or may not be the same as the embodiment. In this embodiment, the dry materials are cement, silica fume, mineral powder, quartz powder and quartz sand, wherein the cement is 42.5 grade Portland cement.
The main component of the silica fume is silicon dioxide, also called micro-silica powder, which is a byproduct in smelting metal silicon and ferrosilicon. The role of silica fume in concrete is mainly the volcano ash chemical effect and the micro aggregate filling physical effect. The silica can react with calcium hydroxide after cement hydration, and the combination product is calcium silicate gel. The calcium hydroxide has a reducing effect on the strength of the concrete, but the calcium silicate gel can increase the strength of the concrete, so the strength of the concrete can be improved to a certain extent by adding the silica fume. After the additive is added into UHPC, the function of improving the compactness of the UHPC can be achieved.
The fly ash is mainly waste fine ash collected from a chimney of a coal-fired power plant, can be recycled as an admixture in concrete, can play a filling effect and a ball bearing effect in a UHPC matrix, and improves the fluidity of the UHPC matrix.
Mineral powder, also known as granulated blast furnace slag powder, is one of the important materials for preparing high-performance concrete acknowledged in the world today. In the preparation of UHPC, during steam curing, the mineral powder can exert volcanic ash activity, can effectively reduce the content of calcium hydroxide in the matrix, and is beneficial to improving the strength of the UHPC. In addition, it can be used as micro aggregate in the matrix to improve the pore structure in the matrix, increase the density and play a role in filling.
Quartz sand is present as an aggregate in the preparation of UHPC.
The quartz powder mainly plays a filling role in UHPC, and the quartz powder fills gaps among other particles with a tiny particle size, so that the bulk density of the UHPC is improved.
The high-performance water reducing agent dry powder is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent which is a high-performance water reducing agent and is one of indispensable raw materials for preparing UHPC. The main function of doping a small amount of high-efficiency water reducing agent in UHPC is to ensure that the prepared UHPC still has good workability and mechanical property under the condition of extremely low water-to-gel ratio.
The fiber mainly plays a toughening role in UHPC, at present, steel fiber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber are commonly used in the market, in the embodiment, short fiber of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is selected, and the mixing amount of the short fiber is 2% of the total volume.
The nano material is nano CaCO 3 Nano SiO 2 Nano Al 2 O 3 nano-MgO, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide, in this embodiment, graphene oxide is selected. The doping amount is 0.026% of the total weight.
The addition amount of the nano material is small in the whole preparation of the ultra-high performance concrete, and the water-gel ratio of the ultra-high performance concrete is low, so that the nano material is difficult to disperse.
Therefore, the purpose of nano material dispersion is achieved. In this embodiment, firstly, the required ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is weighed according to the corresponding proportion of the ultra-high performance concrete to perform surface modification, so as to improve the bonding capability of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, for standby use, the improvement of the bonding capability of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is mainly based on the consideration that the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber has a large doping amount, the diameter of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is generally about 3mm, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber has a certain volume, so that the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber can be uniformly dispersed when being stirred by using stirring equipment, and the nano material is adsorbed on the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, so that the purpose of improving the dispersibility can be achieved by using the nano material.
There are many methods for modifying ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and this embodiment provides a method with a good effect, specifically as follows:
soaking the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber in ethanol, ultrasonically cleaning and drying; carrying out plasma treatment on the washed and dried ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers; and finally, soaking the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber after the plasma treatment in an ethanol/water mixed solution containing a silane coupling agent, taking out after reacting for 1-5 h, and carrying out dehydration condensation reaction at 90-130 ℃ for 0.5-3 h to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber with improved bonding capacity. The purpose of doing so is to improve the surface roughness of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber under the action of ensuring the performance of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and further improve the bonding capability of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber for later use.
Then, corresponding nano materials are weighed according to the corresponding proportion of the ultra-high performance concrete, then the nano materials are dissolved in gelatin solution and are dispersed by ultrasonic, in the embodiment, gelatin is selected mainly in consideration of the fact that gelatin is solid at low temperature and begins to liquefy under the condition of about 30-34 ℃, and along with the liquefaction of gelatin, the nano materials can be separated from the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers under the stirring effect, and the nano materials are uniformly distributed under the action of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, so that the aim of uniform distribution is achieved after the nano materials are separated. The solid content of the gelatin solution is only required to meet the requirement of uniform attachment of the nano material, and a large amount of water can be added to immerse the gelatin when the gelatin solution is used.
Then, adding the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber into gelatin solution, after ultrasonic dispersion, freeze-drying, wherein the vacuum freeze-drying technology is a drying technology which freezes wet materials or solution into solid at a lower temperature (-10 ℃ to-50 ℃), then directly sublimes water in the solution into gas state without liquid state under vacuum (1.3-13 Pa), and finally dehydrates the materials, thus obtaining the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber attached with the gelatin for later use. This was done to ensure uniform dispersion by ultrasonic dispersion and then to ensure the attachment of the nanomaterial containing gelatin to the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by vacuum freeze drying.
Then, dry materials required by the ultra-high performance concrete are mixed together and stirred uniformly, and then the high performance water reducing agent dry powder is added into the uniformly mixed dry materials and stirred, so that the dry materials and the high performance water reducing agent dry powder are fully and uniformly mixed, and the step is a common preparation step of the ultra-high performance concrete, and is not described in detail again.
Then, the required water is weighed according to the water-to-glue ratio of 0.18. Then, after two thirds of the mixture of the dry material and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder is weighed and uniformly stirred with all the obtained water, the purpose is mainly to reduce the amount of one third of the mixture because the water-cement ratio of the ultra-high-performance concrete is low, the fluidity of the ultra-high-performance concrete is poor, the mixture is not uniformly stirred, and thus, the water-cement ratio is large, the fluidity is good, and the uniform distribution of fibers is promoted.
Then, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber attached with the gelatin is added and stirred uniformly. In the process, as the hydration process is an exothermic process, the gelatin is heated in the hydration process, so that the gelatin is separated from the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and is distributed more uniformly with stirring.
And after stirring, continuously adding the mixture of the remaining one third of dry materials and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder into the mixture, continuously stirring until the mixture is uniformly stirred, and stopping stirring after the concrete matrix reaches the ideal fluidity to obtain the ultrahigh-performance concrete material.
Experiment: the ultra-high performance concrete material prepared in the embodiment 1 is made into a test block, after the curing is finished, a plurality of holes are drilled for taking materials, and after the observation of a scanning electron microscope, graphene oxide is found in the material taking samples and is distributed uniformly, so that the purpose of uniformly dispersing the nano material is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the ultra-high performance concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. firstly, weighing required ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers according to the corresponding proportion of the ultrahigh performance concrete for surface modification, and improving the bonding capacity of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers for later use;
b. then, weighing corresponding nano materials according to the corresponding proportion of the ultra-high performance concrete, dissolving the nano materials in a gelatin solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion;
c. b, adding the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepared in the step a into a gelatin solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly, and performing freeze drying to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber attached with gelatin for later use;
d. then, mixing dry materials required by the ultra-high performance concrete together and uniformly stirring;
e. then adding the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder into the uniformly mixed dry material, and stirring to fully and uniformly mix the dry material and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder;
f. weighing the required water according to the water-to-glue ratio of 0.18;
g. then, weighing a mixture of the dry material obtained in the step e and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder, uniformly stirring the mixture with all the water obtained in the step f, adding the mixture into the mixture obtained in the step c to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber attached with the gelatin, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
h. and after stirring, continuously adding the mixture of the remaining one third of dry materials and the high-performance water reducing agent dry powder into the mixture, continuously stirring until the mixture is uniformly stirred, and stopping stirring after the concrete matrix reaches the ideal fluidity to obtain the ultrahigh-performance concrete material.
2. The method for preparing ultra-high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the method for modifying ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers comprises the following steps:
a1, soaking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in ethanol, ultrasonically cleaning, and drying;
a2, carrying out plasma treatment on the washed and dried ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers;
and a3, soaking the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber after plasma treatment in an ethanol/water mixed solution containing a silane coupling agent, taking out after reacting for 1-5 h, and performing dehydration condensation reaction at 90-130 ℃ for 0.5-3 h to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber with improved bonding capacity.
3. The method for preparing ultra-high performance concrete according to claim 2, wherein in the step b, the nano material is nano CaCO 3 Nano SiO 2 Nano Al 2 O 3 Nano MgO, carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide.
4. The method for preparing ultra-high performance concrete according to claim 3, wherein in the step b, the solid content of the gelatin solution is enough for the adhesion of the nano material.
5. The method for preparing ultra-high performance concrete according to claim 4, wherein in the step d, the dry materials are cement, silica fume, mineral powder, quartz powder and quartz sand.
6. The method for preparing the ultra-high performance concrete according to claim 5, wherein in the step d, the mass ratio of cement, silica fume, mineral powder, quartz powder and quartz sand is 1: 0.13:0.1:1:0.22.
7. The method for preparing the ultra-high performance concrete according to claim 6, wherein in the step e, the dry powder of the high performance water reducing agent accounts for 2% of the dry mass.
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