CN115157805A - 一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜。该空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜在选定的刚化层组分配合下可以实现固化过程的可控、可逆的效果，即受热软化，不受热固化的自然转变，并且固化时弯曲强度不低于80Mpa，并且通过加热层的加热控制，使热量通过均热层均匀地到达刚化层，实现刚化层的均匀受热。空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜的各层结构之间不存在化学反应，材料性能稳定，贮藏寿命长，所以无论是在地面还是具有极端温度、湿度、热循环、强辐射的太空环境，均影响较小，有利于提高空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜的服役周期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空间复合材料技术领域。更具体地，涉及一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜。
背景技术
随着航天事业迅猛发展，在大功率空间发电、遥感测控等应用背景下，空间充气展开结构因其优异的可折叠性、重量轻、低成本等优势而得到广泛关注和应用，如大型太阳翼、展开天线、雷达等。
空间充气展开结构主要由薄膜材料、带有涂层的织物材料和可成型固化材料等柔性材料组合叠加而成，结构通过材料本身的柔软性实现可折叠，通过充气实现结构在空间展开并维形，通过加热、冷却、紫外线辐照等某种方式使固化材料发生刚化，从而使结构达到预期的强度和刚度。柔性材料是充气展开技术中的关键和难点。目前使用加热冷却方式的空间充气展开结构用柔性材料存在加热温度不均匀的问题，会存在局部温差较大的现象，又如专利CN11105559A中提出的自刚化复合薄膜，仍存在刚化过程不可控、不可逆等问题，制约空间充气展开结构的应用和发展。
因此，研发一种刚化过程可控、可逆、加热均匀性好、固化时弯曲强度大的空间充气展开结构用复合薄膜，以满足行业应用需要显得十分重要。
发明内容
基于以上缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜。该空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜具有刚化过程可控、可逆、固化时弯曲强度大等优点，并且在均热层的作用下无加热温度不均匀的问题，具有良好的应用前景。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：
本发明提供一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，包括由内向外依次层叠设置的气密层、刚化层、均热层、加热层以及封装层，所述刚化层的材质选自树脂材料和纤维增强材料。
本发明提供的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜在选定的刚化层组分配合下可以实现固化过程的可控、可逆的效果，即受热软化，不受热固化的自然转变，固化时弯曲强度不低于80Mpa，并且具有加热均匀性好的优点。
进一步，所述树脂材料和纤维增强材料的质量比为1-1.7:1。示例性地，所述树脂材料和纤维增强材料的质量比可以为1-1.2:1，1-1.4:1，1-1.5:1，1.2-1.4:1，1.2-1.5:1，1.2-1.7:1，1.4-1.5:1，1.4-1.7:1，1.5-1.7:1等。
传统的树脂材料也具有受热软化，不受热固化的可逆转变过程，但由于固化时弯曲强度一般较低，无法满意实际应用要求，为了进一步提高固化时材料的弯曲强度，在本发明的技术方案中引入纤维增强材料，以增强材料的弯曲强度，经发明人大量实验研究知，当树脂材料和纤维增强材料的质量比为1-1.7:1时，可达到较优的刚化层组分配合效果。
进一步，所述刚化层的厚度为0.10-0.72mm。示例性地，所述刚化层的厚度可以为0.1mm，0.2mm，0.3mm，0.4mm，0.5mm，0.6mm，0.7mm，0.72mm等。
进一步，所述均热层选用的材质为金属材料或者石墨烯复合材料。优选地，所述金属材料选自铝箔材料。
进一步，所述均热层的厚度为0.04-0.3mm。
进一步，所述加热层为薄膜型加热器。
进一步，所述加热层和封装层之间通过胶粘剂进行粘连固定。
进一步，所述气密层和封装层的材质选自聚酰亚胺薄膜材料。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明公开一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜。该空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜在选定的刚化层组分配合下可以实现固化过程的可控、可逆的效果，即受热软化，不受热固化的自然转变，并且固化时弯曲强度不低于80Mpa，并且通过加热层的加热控制，使热量通过均热层均匀地到达刚化层，实现刚化层的均匀受热。空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜的各层结构之间不存在化学反应，材料性能稳定，贮藏寿命长，所以无论是在地面还是具有极端温度、湿度、热循环、强辐射的太空环境，均影响较小，有利于提高空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜的服役周期。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1示出本发明制备的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜的结构示意图；
其中，1气密层，2刚化层，3均热层，4加热层，5封装层。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明，下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。本领域技术人员应当理解，下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的，不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
参见图1，该图为本实施例提供的一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜的结构示意图。所述空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜包括由内向外依次层叠设置的气密层1，刚化层2，均热层3，加热层4，以及封装层5，其中，气密层1和封装层5的材质选自聚酰亚胺薄膜材料，聚酰亚胺薄膜材料性能稳定，贮藏寿命长，并且在空间环境条件下，聚酰亚胺薄膜材料耐折叠性能、拉伸强度及粘接强度等方面具有较高的优势，且聚酰亚胺薄膜在制备方面能够做到足够小的厚度，可以在一定程度上降低材料的质量。刚化层2的材质为树脂材料和纤维增强材料的组合，可实现受热时软化，冷却后固化的状态变化，当再次受热或冷却时，刚化层2会再次对应呈现软化和固化的可逆变化，并且调整树脂材料和纤维增强材料的质量比介于1:1-1.7:1时，可提高刚化层2在固化状态下的弯曲强度，采用GB/T 1449-2005(纤维增强塑料弯曲性能试验方法)对刚化层2进行性能测试，在树脂材料和纤维增强材料的质量比介于1:1-1.7:1时，固化状态的弯曲强度大于80MPa。均热层3选用的材质为金属材料或者石墨烯复合材料，可快速将热量均匀分散并传递至内层刚化层2中，以使刚化层2受热发生软化，当选用的材质为金属材料时，优选为铝箔，其具有密度小，质量轻等优点，可降低空间飞行器发射成本。加热层4为薄膜型加热器，用以为复合薄膜提供热源，实现对刚化层的加热。
本实施例的工作原理为：
刚化层具备受热呈现软化状态，不受热呈现固化状态的属性。当加热层设置的加热器进行加热时，热量通过均热层均匀传递到刚化层上，刚化层因受热而均匀软化，空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜整体呈现软化状态，此时外部对空间结构进行充气展开操作。当空间结构展开到位时，加热层停止加热，刚化层因不受热降温而呈现固化状态，此时空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜整体呈现刚化状态。
当再次控制加热层进行加热及停止加热时，刚化层会再次对应呈现软化和固化的状态，实现状态可逆变化。由于加热层可通过人为控制，因此空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜刚化过程可实现可控、可逆的效果。
由此可见，本发明提供的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜具有如下特点：
一、软化固化过程可逆，弯曲强度大。现有技术中涉及的空间充气展开结构的薄膜无法实现软化固化过程可逆效果，并且刚化过程不可控。通过引入加热器可以良好控制加热过程，实现对刚化过程的控制，并且在树脂材料和纤维增强材料的共同作用下，不仅实现受热软化，不受热固化的自然转变，还提高了空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜刚化的弯曲强度。
二、刚化层均匀受热。现有技术中由于加热方式的不同可能使薄膜材料出现局部过热，加热温度不均匀的问题，为了更好地解决该问题，在本发明中引入均热层结构，该结构可以有效将加热层热量进行分散并且均匀传递到刚化层上，快速实现热量的均匀分散。
三、贮藏寿命长。空间飞行器在设计制造完成后通常不会马上发射到太空，需要一定的贮藏期。本发明提供的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜选用材料物理化学性质稳定，各层结构之间不存在化学反应，无论是在地面还是具有极端温度、湿度、热循环、强辐射的太空环境，均影响较小，有利于提高空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜的服役周期。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (7)
1.一种空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，其特征在于，包括由内向外依次层叠设置的气密层、刚化层、均热层、加热层以及封装层，所述刚化层的材质选自树脂材料和纤维增强材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，其特征在于，所述树脂材料和纤维增强材料的质量比为1-1.7:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，其特征在于，所述刚化层的厚度为0.10-0.72mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，其特征在于，所述均热层选用的材质为金属材料或者石墨烯复合材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，其特征在于，所述金属材料选自铝箔材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，其特征在于，所述均热层的厚度为0.04-0.3mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的空间充气展开结构用可逆刚化复合薄膜，其特征在于，所述加热层为薄膜型加热器。
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| CN101015973A (zh) * | 2007-02-16 | 2007-08-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 充气刚化形状记忆复合薄膜 |
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