CN115153480A - Laser speckle blood flow imaging system - Google Patents
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- CN115153480A CN115153480A CN202210645164.4A CN202210645164A CN115153480A CN 115153480 A CN115153480 A CN 115153480A CN 202210645164 A CN202210645164 A CN 202210645164A CN 115153480 A CN115153480 A CN 115153480A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008344 brain blood flow Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
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- A61B5/0042—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part for the brain
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a laser speckle blood flow imaging system, which comprises a first laser light source; a second laser light source; an optical imaging module; the image processing module is connected with the optical imaging module; the first laser light source and the optical imaging module are positioned at the same side of the object to be detected, and light emitted by the first laser light source enters the image processing module through the optical imaging module after being scattered by the object to be detected to form a first speckle image; the second laser light source and the optical imaging module are located on the opposite side of the object to be detected, and light emitted by the second laser light source enters the image processing module through the optical imaging module after being scattered by the object to be detected to form a second speckle image. According to the embodiment of the invention, the first laser light source or the second laser light source is used according to the characteristics of the object to be detected, or the first laser light source and the second laser light source are used, and then the first speckle image and the second speckle image are processed comprehensively, so that the characteristic difference of various objects to be detected can be adapted, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the speckle images is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser speckles, in particular to a laser speckle blood flow imaging system.
Background
Laser speckle blood flow imaging is a regional blood flow velocity observation technology, and is used for dynamically and non-contactingly observing the blood flow velocity, the blood vessel diameter and the blood flow change of living biological tissues with higher spatial resolution and time resolution under the condition of no scanning to obtain a plurality of indexes of hemodynamics.
In experiments or clinics, the characteristics of various living biological tissues vary widely. For example, the appearance of the zebra fish is smooth and transparent, and when the speckle image is collected, the surface of the zebra fish is easy to be subjected to mirror reflection by using an epi-laser light source, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the speckle image is influenced; the blood flow of the mouse brain is located at the deeper layer of the mouse brain, and the falling-type laser light source is suitable for collecting speckle images.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a laser speckle blood flow imaging system, and aims to solve the problem that an epi-laser light source in the prior art cannot adapt to various living biological tissues and has large characteristic difference.
In a first aspect, a laser speckle blood flow imaging system is provided, comprising:
a first laser light source (1);
a second laser light source (2);
an optical imaging module (3); and
an image processing module (4) connected with the optical imaging module (3);
the device comprises a first laser light source (1), an optical imaging module (3), an image processing module (4) and a second laser light source, wherein the first laser light source (1) and the optical imaging module (3) are positioned on the same side of an object to be detected, and light emitted by the first laser light source (1) enters the image processing module (4) through the optical imaging module (3) after being scattered by the object to be detected to form a first speckle image; the second laser light source (2) and the optical imaging module (3) are located on the opposite side of the object to be detected, and light emitted by the second laser light source (2) enters the image processing module (4) through the optical imaging module (3) to form a second speckle image after being scattered by the object to be detected.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a first laser light source and a second laser light source are respectively arranged on two sides of an object to be detected, the first laser light source and an optical imaging module are positioned on the same side of the object to be detected and are used for drop imaging, the second laser light source and the optical imaging module are positioned on the opposite sides of the object to be detected and are used for transmission imaging, a first laser light source is independently used for obtaining a first speckle image or a second laser light source is independently used for obtaining a second speckle image according to the characteristics of the object to be detected, or the first laser light source is used for obtaining the first speckle image and the second laser light source is used for obtaining the second speckle image, and then the first speckle image and the second speckle image are comprehensively processed, so that the characteristic difference of various objects to be detected can be adapted, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the final speckle image is improved.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser speckle blood flow imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first laser light source according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second laser light source according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of epi-imaging and transmission imaging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser speckle blood flow imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar modules or modules having the same or similar functionality throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. On the contrary, the embodiments of the invention include all changes, modifications and equivalents coming within the spirit and terms of the claims appended hereto.
Laser speckle blood flow imaging is a means for real-time dynamic blood flow observation and video imaging recording in life science basic research and clinical medical treatment, and is a vital basis for understanding tissue and organ pathology or physiological indexes.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a first laser light source and a second laser light source are respectively arranged on two sides of an object to be detected, the first laser light source and an optical imaging module are positioned on the same side of the object to be detected and are used for epi-imaging, the second laser light source and the optical imaging module are positioned on the different sides of the object to be detected and are used for transmission imaging, the first laser light source is independently used for acquiring a first speckle image or the second laser light source is independently used for acquiring a second speckle image according to the characteristics of the object to be detected, or the first laser light source is used for acquiring the first speckle image and the second laser light source is used for acquiring the second speckle image, and then the first speckle image and the second speckle image are comprehensively processed, so that the characteristic difference of various objects to be detected can be adapted, and the signal to noise ratio of the final speckle image is improved.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser speckle blood flow imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first laser light source according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second laser light source according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the system includes a first laser light source 1, a second laser light source 2, an optical imaging module 3, an image processing module 4 and a stage 5. The stage 5 is a transparent flat optical glass. When generating a speckle image, an object to be measured is placed on the stage 5. In some embodiments, the system does not include a stage 5, and the stage 5 is selected by the operator as needed for the experiment.
The first laser light source 1 and the second laser light source 2 may be the same single-mode near-infrared laser light source module, emitting laser wavelengths in the range of the optical window that can enter the living biological tissue, preferably 650nm to 1000nm. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first laser light source 1 includes a first laser 11, a first collimating mirror 12, a first dodging element 13, and a first beam expanding mirror 14. The second laser light source 2 includes a second laser 21, a second collimator lens 22, a second dodging element 23, and a second beam expander 24.
The first laser 11 and the second laser 21 are solid-state lasers, semiconductor lasers or gas lasers, preferably 785nm semiconductor lasers, outputting 785nm single-mode near-infrared laser light. In addition, the semiconductor laser comprises a constant temperature control device, so that the semiconductor laser can work at a stable temperature, and the laser can be stably output.
The laser beam output by the first laser 11 is a gaussian beam, and is converted into a flat-topped beam after passing through the first dodging element 13; the laser beam output by the second laser 21 is also a gaussian beam and is also converted into a flat-top beam after passing through the second light unifying element 23. The energy of the flat-top light beam is uniformly distributed and falls on the object to be measured. In order to better form the flat-top beam, a first collimating mirror 12 is arranged between the first laser 11 and the first dodging element 13, a second collimating mirror 22 is arranged between the second laser 21 and the second dodging element 23, laser beams output by the first laser 11 and the second laser 21 are shaped into a collimated gaussian beam, and then the collimated gaussian beam is converted into a collimated flat-top beam by the first dodging element 13 and the second dodging element 23.
The first beam expander 14 is arranged at the exit end of the first light homogenizing element 13, and the second beam expander 24 is arranged at the exit end of the second light homogenizing element 23, so that the collimated flat-top light beam is projected onto the objective table 5 in a divergent mode, and light spots with different areas are obtained under the condition of different working distances and projected onto an object to be measured. The first expander lens 14 and the second expander lens 24 are selected to be suitable for enabling the light spot projected on the object to be measured to be not smaller than the imaging area of the optical imaging module 3.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first laser light source 1 and the optical imaging module 3 are located on the same side of the object to be measured, and the second laser light source 2 and the optical imaging module 3 are located on the opposite side of the object to be measured. In view of space height, the second laser light source 2 preferably further comprises a mirror 25. As shown in fig. 3, a mirror 25 is disposed between the second dodging element 23 and the second beam expander 24 to fold the collimated flat-topped beam by 90 degrees. The mirror 25 may be a right angle total reflection mirror or a plane mirror placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the optical axis of the second laser 21.
The first laser light source 1 and the optical imaging module 3 are located on the same side of the object to be measured and are in drop-type imaging. The laser beam uniformly falls on one side of the object to be measured, then enters the object to be measured, is scattered in the object to be measured, and then exits from the surface of the object to be measured on the same side to enter the optical imaging module 3. The second laser light source 2 and the optical imaging module 3 are positioned on the opposite sides of the object to be measured and are used for transmission type imaging. The laser beam uniformly irradiates one side of the object to be measured, then enters the object to be measured, is scattered in the object to be measured, and then enters the optical imaging module 3 through the transmission of the opposite surface of the object to be measured. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of epi-imaging and transmission imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical axis of the first laser light source 1 coincides with or forms an included angle with the optical axis of the optical imaging module 3. As shown in fig. 1, the first laser light sources 1 are symmetrically disposed around the optical imaging module 3, and the optical axis thereof coincides with the optical axis of the optical imaging module 3. Or, the first laser source 1 is only disposed on one side of the optical imaging module 3, and an optical axis of the first laser source forms an included angle a with an optical axis of the optical imaging module 3.
In the embodiment of the invention, the second laser light source 2 is an independent structure, and the first laser light source 1 and the optical imaging module 3 are integrated into a whole. In an experiment or clinic, an operator selects whether to configure the second laser light source 2 according to the experiment requirement. In another embodiment of the present invention, the first laser light source 1 and the second laser light source 2 are an integrated structure, the first laser light source 1 and the optical imaging module 3 are integrated into a whole, and the relative positions of the optical axes of the first laser light source 1, the second laser light source 2 and the optical imaging module 3 are basically fixed, so that the alignment operation of an operator in an experiment can be reduced.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser speckle blood flow imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the optical imaging module 3 is connected to the image processing module 4, the optical imaging module 3 collects an optical signal scattered by a sample to be measured and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the image processing module 4 processes the electrical signal into a speckle image and/or a blood flow distribution map image.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical imaging module 3 includes a lens 31, an optical filter 32, and a photoelectric array sensor 33. The lens 31 may be a variable power fixed focus lens, an electric variable power zoom lens, or a manual variable power zoom lens. The lens 31 guides the optical signal to the photo sensor array 33, and the optical signal is imaged on the photosensitive surface of the photo sensor array 33 with a specific magnification. The optical filter 32 is disposed at the front end of the lens 31, light output by the first laser light source 1 and/or the second laser light source 2 and scattered by the object to be measured can pass through the optical filter 32, and light in other bands is filtered out, so that interference of visible light and infrared light is reduced. The photo array sensor 33 is a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) image sensor, a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, an electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) image sensor, or the like. The photo array sensor 33 converts the optical signal representing the image into an electrical signal representing the image, and then transmits to the image processing module 4.
The image processing module 4 receives the electrical signals representing the image to generate a speckle image. Further, the speckle image is converted into a blood flow distribution image according to a spatial contrast imaging method.
In an experiment or clinic, an operator uses the first laser light source 1 alone or the second laser light source 2 alone according to the characteristics of an object to be measured. After being scattered by an object to be detected, a laser beam output by the first laser light source 1 enters the image processing module 4 through the optical imaging module 3 to form a first speckle image, and the image processing module 4 only processes the first speckle image; the laser beam output by the second laser light source 2 is scattered by the object to be measured, and then enters the image processing module 4 through the optical imaging module 3 to form a second speckle image, and the image processing module 4 only processes the second speckle image. If the characteristics of the object to be measured are complex, the operator can also use the first laser light source 1 and the second laser light source 2 at the same time. The first laser light source 1 and the second laser light source 2 output laser beams in a time-sharing manner, a first speckle image and a second speckle image are formed in the image processing module 4 in a time-sharing manner, and the image processing module 4 comprehensively processes the first speckle image and the second speckle image to obtain a final speckle image. The laser speckle blood flow imaging system provided by the embodiment of the invention can adapt to the characteristics of various living biological tissues, cover various experimental scenes, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the final speckle image.
For example, the appearance of the zebra fish is smooth and transparent, when the speckle image is collected, the falling-type first laser light source 1 is easy to generate mirror reflection on the surface of the zebra fish, the signal-to-noise ratio of the speckle image is influenced, and the transmission-type second laser light source 2 is suitable; mouse brain blood flow is located the deep layer of mouse brain, uses transmissive second laser light source 2 to hardly penetrate when gathering the speckle image, and useful signal is weak, and the SNR of speckle image is not high, uses the first laser light source 1 of formula of falling to penetrate more suitably. For living biological tissues with complex characteristics, the first laser light source 1 and the second laser light source 2 can be used for sequentially collecting speckle images, and the speckle images are compared and analyzed to obtain final speckle images.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a first laser light source and a second laser light source are respectively arranged on two sides of an object to be detected, the first laser light source and an optical imaging module are positioned on the same side of the object to be detected and are used for epi-imaging, the second laser light source and the optical imaging module are positioned on the different sides of the object to be detected and are used for transmission imaging, the first laser light source is independently used for acquiring a first speckle image or the second laser light source is independently used for acquiring a second speckle image according to the characteristics of the object to be detected, or the first laser light source is used for acquiring the first speckle image and the second laser light source is used for acquiring the second speckle image, and then the first speckle image and the second speckle image are comprehensively processed, so that the characteristic difference of various objects to be detected can be adapted, and the signal to noise ratio of the final speckle image is improved.
Example two
In the embodiment of the present invention, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and all the features described in the first embodiment are included, which are not described herein again.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, the first laser light source 1 further includes a first linear polarizer 15, the second laser light source 2 further includes a second linear polarizer 26, and the optical imaging module 3 further includes a third linear polarizer 34.
A first linear polarizer 15 is arranged between the first light unifying element 13 and the first beam expander 14 and a second linear polarizer 26 is arranged between the mirror 25 and the second beam expander 24. The first and second linear polarizers 15 and 26 are both vertical/horizontal linear polarization filters, and filter the laser beam into vertical/horizontal linear polarized laser light. The first laser light source 1 outputs a divergent vertical/horizontal line polarized laser beam which uniformly falls on an object to be detected; the second laser light source 2 outputs a divergent vertically/horizontally polarized laser beam to uniformly irradiate the object to be measured. The third linear polarizer 34 is disposed between the lens 31 and the filter 32, and is a horizontal/vertical linear polarization filter. If the first linear polarizer 15 and the second linear polarizer 26 are both vertical linear polarization filters, the third linear polarizer 34 is a horizontal linear polarization filter, and only the optical signal in the horizontal polarization state is allowed to pass through; if the first linear polarizer 15 and the second linear polarizer 26 are both horizontal linear polarization filters, the third linear polarizer 34 is a vertical linear polarization filter, and only the optical signal in the vertical polarization state is allowed to pass through.
The linear polarization laser beam enters the object to be detected, multiple scattering occurs in the object to be detected, the original single polarization characteristic of the laser beam is changed, the light signal emitted or transmitted from the object to be detected comprises various polarization characteristics, and the light signals are useful signals. The original single polarization characteristic of the optical signal which is only reflected by the surface of the object to be measured (not entering the object to be measured to generate scattering) and the optical signal which is not irradiated to the object to be measured and is only reflected by the objective table 5 or is only transmitted by the objective table 5 is not changed, and the optical signals are noise signals. The third linear polarizer 34 in the optical imaging module 3 allows only part of the light signals in the useful signals to pass through and filters out noise signals. If the first laser light source 1 outputs a vertically polarized laser beam, the vertically polarized laser beam uniformly falls on the object to be measured, multiple scattering occurs in the object to be measured, and the optical signal emitted from the object to be measured includes optical signals in a vertical polarization state, a horizontal polarization state, and other angle polarization states. The noise signals are all vertically polarized. The optical imaging module 3 only allows the horizontal polarization state in the useful signal to pass through, and the optical signals with other polarization characteristics are filtered out. Therefore, the noise is reduced, and the signal to noise ratio of the acquired speckle image is improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a first laser light source and a second laser light source are respectively arranged on two sides of an object to be detected, the first laser light source and an optical imaging module are positioned on the same side of the object to be detected and are used for epi-imaging, the second laser light source and the optical imaging module are positioned on the different sides of the object to be detected and are used for transmission imaging, the first laser light source is independently used for acquiring a first speckle image or the second laser light source is independently used for acquiring a second speckle image according to the characteristics of the object to be detected, or the first laser light source is used for acquiring the first speckle image and the second laser light source is used for acquiring the second speckle image, and then the first speckle image and the second speckle image are comprehensively processed, so that the characteristic difference of various objects to be detected can be adapted, and the signal to noise ratio of the final speckle image is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Laser speckle blood flow imaging system, characterized in that includes:
a first laser light source (1);
a second laser light source (2);
an optical imaging module (3); and
an image processing module (4) connected with the optical imaging module (3);
the first laser light source (1) and the optical imaging module (3) are positioned on the same side of an object to be detected, and light emitted by the first laser light source (1) enters the image processing module (4) through the optical imaging module (3) to form a first speckle image after being scattered by the object to be detected; the second laser light source (2) and the optical imaging module (3) are located on the different side of the object to be detected, light emitted by the second laser light source (2) is scattered by the object to be detected and then enters the image processing module (4) through the optical imaging module (3) to form a second speckle image.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first laser light source (1) comprises a first laser (11), a first collimator lens (12), a first dodging element (13) and a first beam expander lens (14); the second laser light source (2) comprises a second laser (21), a second collimating mirror (22), a second dodging element (23) and a second beam expanding mirror (24).
3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the second laser light source (2) further comprises a mirror (25).
4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical imaging module (3) comprises a lens (31), a filter (32) and a photo array sensor (33).
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical axis of the first laser light source (1) coincides with or forms an angle with the optical axis of the optical imaging module (3).
6. A system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the first laser light source (1) further comprises a first linear polarizer (15) and the second laser light source (2) further comprises a second linear polarizer (26); the optical imaging module (3) further comprises a third linear polarizer (34).
7. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a stage (5), the first laser light source (1) and the second laser light source (2) being located on opposite sides of the stage (5).
8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the second laser light source (2) is a stand-alone structure.
9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the first laser light source (1) and the second laser light source (2) are of a unitary structure.
10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the image processing module (4) processes the first and second speckle images in combination.
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| CN202210645164.4A CN115153480A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Laser speckle blood flow imaging system |
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