CN115150008A - Outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system and method based on unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents
Outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system and method based on unmanned aerial vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the disclosure discloses a system and a method for testing an external field base station antenna pattern and radio frequency based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises a ground station system, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle and a data transmission system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle; the ground station system comprises a total station, a positioning module and a ground control computer; the total station calculates the position information of the base station to be detected based on the position information of the positioning module; the ground control computer generates an unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction based on the position information of the base station to be tested, and uploads the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction to the unmanned aerial vehicle so as to instruct the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly around the base station to be tested according to the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction; the data acquisition system comprises unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment, a signal receiving antenna, signal acquisition equipment and a sky control computer; a signal receiving antenna receives a signal sent by a base station antenna to be tested; the signal acquisition equipment measures the intensity of the antenna signal received by the signal receiving antenna to obtain measurement data.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system and method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, the unmanned aerial vehicle technology is gradually advancing and rapidly developing. The unmanned aerial vehicle has the advantages of small size, high flexibility, low cost and the like, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle is widely applied to industries such as agriculture, geology, meteorology and electric power, gradually enters the public visual field, and keeps high heat in all industries. Therefore, the unmanned aerial vehicle is applied to the base station antenna test, and becomes a new research direction for researchers at home and abroad. An ideal field for testing the base station antenna is a microwave darkroom, but the field limits the testing field of the communication base station to indoor, and for a large number of communication base stations which are already deployed in an external field environment, the actual performance indexes of the base station antennas need to be detected in the external field environment to obtain the actual performance indexes. Therefore, the outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided, and outfield tests can be performed on the base station antenna pattern and typical radio frequency indexes.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides an outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, including: the system comprises a ground station system, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle and a data transmission system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle; the ground station system comprises a total station, a positioning module and a ground control computer; the positioning module is used for measuring the position information of the positioning module and transmitting the position information of the positioning module to the total station;
after the total station aims at a base station to be measured, the position information of the base station to be measured is calculated based on the position information of the positioning module, and the position information of the base station to be measured is transmitted to a ground control computer;
the ground control computer generates an unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction based on the position information of the base station to be tested, and uploads the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction to the unmanned aerial vehicle so as to instruct the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly around the base station to be tested according to the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction;
the data acquisition system comprises unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment, a signal receiving antenna, signal acquisition equipment and a sky control computer; the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment acquires the position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time when the unmanned aerial vehicle flies;
the signal receiving antenna receives signals sent by the base station antenna to be tested in the process that the unmanned aerial vehicle flies around the base station to be tested;
the signal acquisition equipment is used for measuring the strength of an antenna signal received by the signal receiving antenna to obtain measurement data and transmitting the measurement data to the sky control computer;
the sky control computer stores the measurement data and transmits the measurement data back to the ground station system through the data transmission system.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing an external field base station antenna pattern and a radio frequency based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, where the method is performed on the system for testing an external field base station antenna pattern and a radio frequency based on an unmanned aerial vehicle in the first aspect, and includes:
measuring the position information of the antenna of the base station to be measured by using a total station;
the ground control computer plans a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the position information of the base station antenna to be tested, and sends the planned flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the unmanned aerial vehicle through the data transmission system;
the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off under the control of the ground control computer and flies around the base station antenna to be tested according to the air route of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
when the unmanned aerial vehicle encircles the base station antenna that awaits measuring flies, utilize data acquisition system to acquire the power information that corresponds spatial position, the sky control computer utilizes data transmission system to pass back the power information that acquires and the corresponding unmanned aerial vehicle's spatial position to ground control computer.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:
the method and the device mainly aim at testing the external field base station antenna directional pattern and the typical radio frequency index in the actual use process, are suitable for testing the external field of the base station antenna, and are also suitable for external field test scenes of other types of antennas. The system can conveniently, quickly and inexpensively carry out the outfield test on the base station antenna and obtain antenna and radio frequency indexes such as a base station antenna directional diagram, TRP (total radiated power), EVM (error vector magnitude) and the like.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
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Other features, objects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural layout of a drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 shows a flow chart of one implementation of a drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency testing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 shows an external view schematic diagram of a drone system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 shows a complete flow diagram of a drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency testing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement them. Furthermore, parts that are not relevant to the description of the exemplary embodiments have been omitted from the drawings for the sake of clarity.
In the present disclosure, it is to be understood that terms such as "including" or "having," etc., are intended to indicate the presence of the disclosed features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof, and do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof are present or added.
It should be further noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The utility model provides an outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system based on unmanned aerial vehicle, including unmanned aerial vehicle, the data acquisition system that unmanned aerial vehicle carried on, the data transmission system that unmanned aerial vehicle carried on, ground station system. The ground station system comprises a total station, a positioning module and a ground control computer; the positioning module is used for measuring the position information of the positioning module and transmitting the position information of the positioning module to the total station;
after the total station aims at the base station to be detected, the position information of the base station to be detected is calculated based on the position information of the positioning module, and the position information of the base station to be detected is transmitted to a ground control computer;
the ground control computer generates an unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction based on the position information of the base station to be tested, and uploads the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction to the unmanned aerial vehicle so as to instruct the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly around the base station to be tested according to the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction;
the data acquisition system comprises unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment, signal receiving antenna signal acquisition equipment and a sky control computer; the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment acquires the position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time when the unmanned aerial vehicle flies;
the signal receiving antenna receives the antenna signal of the base station to be tested in the process that the unmanned aerial vehicle flies around the base station to be tested;
the signal acquisition equipment is used for measuring the strength of an antenna signal received by the signal receiving antenna to obtain measurement data and transmitting the measurement data to the sky control computer;
the sky control computer stores the measurement data and transmits the measurement data back to the ground station system through the data transmission system.
The system mainly tests an external field base station antenna pattern and typical radio frequency indexes in the actual use process, and particularly can test the antenna and radio frequency indexes such as a base station antenna pattern, TRP (total radiated power), EVM (error vector magnitude) and the like. In the testing process, the unmanned aerial vehicle carries a data acquisition system and a data transmission system, and flies around by taking the base station to be tested as the center according to a set route. In the process of flying around, the data acquisition system acquires power data of the space position where the unmanned aerial vehicle is located. The data acquisition system transmits the power data back to the ground station system through the data transmission system. The method is suitable for testing the external field of the base station antenna, and is also suitable for testing scenes of external fields of other types of antennas. The system can conveniently, quickly and inexpensively carry out an external field test on the base station antenna and acquire antenna and radio frequency indexes such as a base station antenna directional diagram, TRP (total radiated power), EVM (enhanced variable frequency) and the like.
In some embodiments, the data acquisition system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle flight control device, an optical pan-tilt, a signal receiving antenna, a coaxial switch matrix, a signal acquisition device, and a sky control computer; the data transmission system comprises a ground data transparent transmission module and a sky data transparent transmission module; the ground station system comprises a total station, a positioning module and a ground control computer. The utility model provides an outfield base station antenna test solution based on unmanned aerial vehicle compares in the microwave darkroom, and the test cost is low, and it is convenient to deploy.
The broadband dual-polarized antenna is used as an airborne signal receiving antenna, and base station antennas working at different frequency bands can be measured.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a drone-based external field base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the external field base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle includes: the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a data transmission system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground station system;
the data acquisition system comprises unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment, an optical holder, a signal receiving antenna, a coaxial switch matrix, signal acquisition equipment and a sky control computer; the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment acquires current position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the current position information comprises current longitude, latitude and altitude GPS coordinates of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the coordinates are continuously refreshed on a serial port. The optical holder is connected with a serial port on the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment, acquires the current position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and calculates the position information of the signal receiving antenna based on the GPS coordinate in the current position information, wherein the position information comprises the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the signal receiving antenna relative to the base station to be detected. The signal receiving antenna is arranged right below the optical holder, and the signal receiving antenna and the optical holder use the rod-shaped carbon fiber frame as a supporting structure, and the signal receiving antenna and the optical holder simultaneously extend out of the machine body.
The built-in controller and the steering engine of the optical cloud deck can adjust the pointing angle in the pitching and azimuth directions, and the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the signal receiving antenna are controlled by the optical cloud deck and always point to the head direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The coaxial switch matrix is an intermediate connection structure of the signal receiving antenna and the signal acquisition equipment, has the function of gating signals, and is used for gating signals received by one polarization of the signal receiving antenna to the signal acquisition equipment.
The coaxial switch matrix, the signal receiving antenna and the signal acquisition equipment are connected through a radio frequency cable, the signal acquisition equipment is located at the tail end of a link, the power of signals received by gating polarization of the signal receiving antenna is measured, and the power data correspond to the position information of the receiving antenna one to one and are used for describing the power distribution of the base station antenna on the flying sphere of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The measured data of the signal acquisition equipment is acquired and stored by the sky control computer and is transmitted back to the ground station system through the data transmission system;
the data transmission system comprises a ground data transparent transmission module and a sky data transparent transmission module. Communication between a sky control computer in a data acquisition system and a ground control computer of a ground station system is realized;
the ground station system comprises a total station, a positioning module and a ground control computer. The positioning module is used for measuring the position of the positioning module, including longitude, latitude and altitude GPS coordinates, inputting the position into the total station, and after the total station aims at the base station to be measured, calculating the position information of the base station to be measured, including the longitude, latitude and altitude GPS coordinates, by taking the positioning module GPS coordinates as reference. And the ground control computer takes the position information of the base station to be tested as a known condition to generate an unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction, and the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction is used for controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly around by taking the base station to be tested as the center according to a set air line in the sky.
In some embodiments, when the unmanned aerial vehicle executes a track planning instruction, it is necessary to ensure that the airborne signal receiving antenna points to the center of the base station antenna as much as possible, otherwise, a measurement error is introduced, which causes a power value measured by the signal acquisition device to deviate from an expected value in value, and a measurement result of a radiation pattern of the base station antenna is distorted. Therefore, the system uses an optical pan-tilt pointing real-time correction method to ensure that the signal receiving antenna is aligned to the center of the base station antenna as much as possible; the signal receiving antenna adopts a wide-beam signal receiving antenna, so that the problem of radiation pattern distortion is effectively solved.
In some embodiments, the signal receiving antenna is a dual polarized antenna with two polarization directions of plus 45 ° and minus 45 °, respectively.
When the signal receiving antenna and the base station antenna transmit signals, the polarization directions of the signal receiving antenna and the base station antenna are consistent, and the distance between the signal receiving antenna and the base station antenna needs to be kept at a proper distance, wherein the distance meets far field conditions, and specifically comprises the following steps: r is more than or equal to 2D 2 And lambda, wherein R is the distance between the signal receiving antenna and the antenna of the base station to be measured, D is the aperture of the antenna of the base station to be measured, and lambda is the wavelength of the radiation signal of the antenna of the base station to be measured.
In some embodiments, the drone fuselage material comprises carbon fiber, having conductive properties. During measurement, the influence of the carbon fiber structure on the radiation pattern of the signal receiving antenna needs to be concerned, so that the conformal design is carried out on the signal receiving antenna and the tooling structure thereof, namely, wave absorbing materials are configured in the back lobe direction of the radiation pattern of the signal receiving antenna, the metal structure of the optical holder and other positions, the appearance of the antenna is adjusted, and if the appearance of the feed balun of the signal receiving antenna is modified, the impedance matching condition of the position of a feed port is improved, and the interference of the environment on the test is reduced.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural layout of the external field base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test based on the drone according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2, 201 is a base station antenna to be tested; 202 is a flight path schematic of the unmanned aerial vehicle; 203 is an unmanned aerial vehicle and mounting equipment thereof; 204 is a GNSS, global navigation satellite system; 205 is a ground station control computer; 206 is total station; 207 is a positioning module.
Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of one implementation of a method for drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency testing, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, the external field base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test method based on the unmanned aerial vehicle includes the following steps:
in step S301, measuring position information of a base station antenna to be measured by using a total station;
in step S302, the ground control computer plans a flight line of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the position information of the antenna of the base station to be tested; under the flight route, unmanned aerial vehicle uses the base station antenna is the centre of sphere, encircles the base station antenna that awaits measuring flies, encircles spherical track diameter and is R, and the R value is decided by far field condition, specifically is:
wherein, R is the distance between the signal receiving antenna and the antenna of the base station to be measured, D is the aperture of the antenna of the base station to be measured, and lambda is the wavelength of the radiation signal of the antenna of the base station to be measured.
In step S303, the ground control computer sends the planned route of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the unmanned aerial vehicle through the data transmission system;
in step S304, the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off under the control of the ground control computer and flies around the base station antenna to be tested according to the unmanned aerial vehicle route;
in step S305, when the drone system flies around the base station antenna to be tested, the signal acquisition device of the data acquisition system is used to acquire power information corresponding to the spatial position, the sky control computer uses the data transmission system to transmit the acquired power information and the corresponding spatial position of the drone back to the ground control computer, and the ground control computer stores the returned data and displays the power information on the display.
In this embodiment, the method is performed on the external field base station antenna pattern and the radio frequency test system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and details of the external field base station antenna pattern and the radio frequency test system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle may refer to the description of fig. 1 above, which is not repeated herein.
In some embodiments, the location information of the base station antenna includes longitude, latitude, and altitude information. The position information of the base station antenna can be obtained through the measurement of the positioning module and the total station.
Before the unmanned aerial vehicle system takes off, flight safety inspection is finished, and an external field base station antenna directional pattern and a radio frequency test system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle are started. Ground station software and data acquisition software on the ground control computer are also required to be opened, and communication is established with the unmanned aerial vehicle system.
The ground control computer executes the unmanned aerial vehicle air route planning function, and after the position information of the base station antenna is input through ground station software, the ground control computer generates the unmanned aerial vehicle planning air route and triggers the unmanned aerial vehicle to take off, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle system enters a preset flight track.
And in the test process, the ground control computer displays the returned data in real time until the test is finished. After the surrounding task is finished, the unmanned aerial vehicle system descends, and the test is finished.
In some embodiments, in the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the signal receiving antenna points to the following cradle head to be adjusted and always points to the center of the base station antenna, and the signal acquisition equipment acquires power corresponding to a spatial position and transmits power data to the sky control computer; the optical tripod head transmits the position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle when the power information is collected to the sky control computer; the sky control computer utilizes the data transmission system to transmit the power data and the position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle system back to the ground control computer. The schematic appearance diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle system is shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 5 shows a complete flow diagram of a drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency testing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the method comprises the steps of:
using a positioning module and a total station to measure longitude, latitude and altitude information of a base station antenna;
safety inspection before taking off is completed, the unmanned aerial vehicle is powered on, and the test system is started and performs self-inspection;
opening ground control computer ground station software and data acquisition software, and establishing communication with the unmanned aerial vehicle;
inputting the longitude and latitude and the altitude of a base station antenna in ground station software, executing a track planning function and generating a three-dimensional track of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off and executes a flight task according to a set air line, in the flight process, the signal receiving antenna points to follow the optical tripod head to adjust and always points to the center of the base station antenna, the signal acquisition equipment acquires the power of a corresponding space position, and the control computer transmits the power data back to the ground control computer by using the data transmission system.
And the ground control computer displays the returned data in real time until the test is finished.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the disclosure and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention in the present disclosure is not limited to the specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also encompasses other embodiments in which any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents is possible without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features and (but not limited to) the features disclosed in this disclosure having similar functions are replaced with each other to form the technical solution.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system based on unmanned aerial vehicle which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a ground station system, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a data acquisition system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle and a data transmission system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle; the ground station system comprises a total station, a positioning module and a ground control computer; the positioning module is used for measuring the position information of the positioning module and transmitting the position information of the positioning module to the total station;
after the total station aims at a base station to be measured, the position information of the base station to be measured is calculated based on the position information of the positioning module, and the position information of the base station to be measured is transmitted to a ground control computer;
the ground control computer generates an unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction based on the position information of the base station to be tested, and uploads the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction to the unmanned aerial vehicle so as to instruct the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly around the base station to be tested according to the unmanned aerial vehicle track planning instruction;
the data acquisition system comprises unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment, a signal receiving antenna, signal acquisition equipment and a sky control computer; the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control equipment acquires position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time when the unmanned aerial vehicle flies;
the signal receiving antenna receives signals sent by the base station antenna to be tested in the process that the unmanned aerial vehicle flies around the base station to be tested;
the signal acquisition equipment is used for measuring the strength of an antenna signal received by the signal receiving antenna to obtain measurement data and transmitting the measurement data to the sky control computer;
the sky control computer stores the measurement data and transmits the measurement data back to the ground station system through the data transmission system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal receiving antenna is a dual polarized antenna.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the data acquisition system further comprises a coaxial switching matrix for gating one of the polarizations of the signal receiving antennas to thereby convey the gated polarized received signal to the signal acquisition device.
4. The system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the data acquisition system further comprises an optical pan-tilt, the optical pan-tilt acquiring the position information of the drone from the drone flight control device and resolving the position information of the signal receiving antenna based on the position information; the signal receiving antenna is arranged right below the optical holder.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the optical pan/tilt head controls the signal receiving antenna to be aligned with the center of the antenna of the base station to be tested during the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle around the base station to be tested based on the flight path planning instruction.
6. The system according to any one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein the polarization directions of the signal receiving antenna and the base station antenna to be tested are consistent when signal transmission is carried out, and the distance between the signal receiving antenna and the base station antenna to be tested satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D 2 /λ
wherein, R is the distance between the signal receiving antenna and the antenna of the base station to be measured, D is the aperture of the antenna of the base station to be measured, and lambda is the wavelength of the radiation signal of the antenna of the base station to be measured.
7. A drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test method, the method being performed on the drone-based outfield base station antenna pattern and radio frequency test system of any one of claims 1-6, comprising:
measuring the position information of the antenna of the base station to be measured by using a total station;
the ground control computer plans a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the position information of the base station antenna to be tested, and sends the planned flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the unmanned aerial vehicle through the data transmission system;
the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off under the control of the ground control computer and flies around the base station antenna to be tested according to the air route of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
when the unmanned aerial vehicle winds the base station antenna to be tested and flies, the data acquisition system is used for acquiring power information corresponding to the spatial position, and the sky control computer transmits the acquired power information and the corresponding spatial position of the unmanned aerial vehicle back to the ground control computer by using the data transmission system.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115549821A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12-30 | 成都中科时空比智新研科技有限公司 | Array antenna external field differential phase difference calibration method |
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| CN115150008B (en) | 2024-05-21 |
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