CN115146403B - Photovoltaic module with waveform arrangement and calculation method of optimal arrangement angle of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module with waveform arrangement and calculation method of optimal arrangement angle of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013084 building-integrated photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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Abstract
A calculation method of a waveform-arranged photovoltaic module and an optimal arrangement angle thereof comprises the steps of waveform-arranging a plurality of photovoltaic modules at an angle theta, and calculating the optimal arrangement angle theta as follows: the first step: constructing an environmental impact factor database, and constructing a calculation model; thirdly, iterative computation; and fourthly, outputting an optimal arrangement angle solution theta. By utilizing the invention, the light pollution can be reduced; preventing condensation and heat accumulation; ventilation and fire prevention are improved; the natural cleaning efficiency is improved; the economic benefit is increased; and (3) improving the installed capacity: according to different angles of arrangement of the waveform components, the quantity of the installed capacity is increased, and the solar radiation utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic module, in particular to a photovoltaic module with waveform arrangement and a calculation method of an optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic module.
Background
The BIPV & BAPV technique is to lay the photovoltaic module on the building surface or attach it to the building surface material, but has many disadvantages: 1. the photovoltaic module and the building surface lack of a heat dissipation gap, so that a heat storage phenomenon is easy to occur, and the power generation efficiency is reduced at a high temperature; 2. the flat assembly has no rainwater gravity flow gradient, so that dirt and scale can be easily accumulated, and the power generation efficiency of the assembly is affected; 3. underutilization of limited building surfaces increases photovoltaic installed capacity, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a photovoltaic module capable of selecting waveform arrangement with lowest electric cost aiming at different natural environments and a calculation method of an optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic module.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is that the method for calculating the optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic modules comprises the steps of arranging a plurality of photovoltaic modules in a waveform of an angle theta, and calculating the optimal arrangement angle theta as follows:
the first step: constructing an environmental impact factor database;
(1) Constructing a database of the direct ratio influence coefficient eta, and constructing the database of the arrangement angle theta, the direct ratio and the direct ratio influence coefficient eta as model function call by testing and calculating the changes of the generating capacity of the photovoltaic module with different angles theta and different radiation direct ratios; (2) Calculating and testing the change of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic module under different rainfall and different angles theta, and constructing a database of the influence coefficients zeta of the arrangement angle theta, the rainfall frequency and the cleanliness generating capacity; (3) Calculating and testing the influence of the air pocket size change under different angles theta on the heat dissipation efficiency, and constructing a database of the relation between the angles theta and the heat dissipation efficiency generating capacity coefficient; (4) And calculating and testing influences of different angles theta and different wind pressures on the steel consumption of the support of the photovoltaic module, and constructing a database of the angle theta and the steel consumption influence coefficient lambda.
Secondly, constructing a calculation model;
Y kn ＝ηζεY 0n (1)
wherein: ykn-is the annual internet power of the nth year when the photovoltaic system θ=k°, kWh;
y0n—is the annual internet power of the nth year when the photovoltaic system θ=0°, kWh;
η—the direct ratio influence coefficient,%;
ζ -cleanliness factor,%;
epsilon-heat dissipation efficiency influence coefficient,%.
I k ＝λI 0 (2)
Wherein: lambda-influence coefficient of wind pressure on steel quantity of a photovoltaic bracket,%;
I k -investment amount, element for photovoltaic system θ=k°;
I 0 -investment amount for photovoltaic system θ=0°, element.
And the solar radiation direct incidence ratio, wind pressure, rainfall and air temperature factors are synthesized, and the arrangement of the project area with a better waveform angle theta is sought, so that the construction degree and electricity cost of the photovoltaic power station is minimum, and the economic benefit is maximized.
Wherein: i-is the discount rate,%;
n—the number of years the system was operated (n=1, 2), years;
n-is the evaluation period of the photovoltaic power generation system, and is the year;
I t -deducting the value-added tax of the project, and the element;
V R -is a photovoltaic system residual value, element;
M n -the operational cost of the nth year;
Y kn -the power of surfing the internet in the nth year and kWh.
Thirdly, iterative computation;
setting initial conditions and an iterative step length of an arrangement angle theta according to actual conditions of the project, calculating according to project boundary condition calculation formulas (1) and (2), substituting calculation results of the formulas (1) and (2) and related boundary conditions into a formula (3), and guiding the calculation results to carry out iterative calculation by taking lower electricity cost as calculation result;
fourth, outputting an optimal arrangement angle solution theta; and calculating different arrangement angles theta, comparing and judging calculation results, and outputting a minimum value of theta LCOE.
The invention has the following positive effects:
(1) Reducing light pollution: the invention changes the photovoltaic modules attached to the building surface from uniform planar arrangement into wave-shaped arrangement. The sunlight is changed from specular reflection to diffuse reflection, so that the light reflection intensity is reduced, and the urban light pollution is reduced;
(2) Prevent spotlight heat accumulation: according to the invention, sunlight is reflected and dispersed, so that the sunlight condensation and heat collection effect is reduced, and the interference and damage of condensation and heat collection to the surrounding environment are prevented;
(3) Ventilation and fire prevention are improved: according to the invention, the photovoltaic modules attached to the surface of the building are arranged in a wave shape, and air pockets formed by the wave shape arrangement accelerate air to flow at different air pressures, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the surfaces of the modules and between the modules and the building is improved, and the fire risk is reduced;
(4) Improving the natural cleaning efficiency: the building photovoltaic has the advantages of difficult cleaning, high cleaning risk and high cleaning cost, and the invention improves the scouring of the photovoltaic modules by arranging the modules in a waveform manner, such as natural rainwater, dew, wind and the like, and improves the cleanliness of the photovoltaic modules. The cleaning problem of the building photovoltaic module is solved;
(5) The economic benefit is increased: the novel arrangement cost is not increased by redundant cost, the ventilation and heat dissipation are improved, the fireproof cost is saved, the clean running cost of components is reduced, the power generation efficiency of the system is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
(6) And (3) improving the installed capacity: according to different angles of arrangement of the waveform components, the quantity of the installed capacity is increased, and the solar radiation utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment, a plurality of conventional photovoltaic modules are arranged to form waveforms at an angle theta, and the optimal arrangement angle theta with the lowest electricity cost can be calculated by iterative calculation according to climate environment factors (solar radiation direct ratio, wind pressure, rainfall frequency and the like) of a project area.
When the photovoltaic module is arranged, the photovoltaic support is prefabricated into a support with the design angle theta, and the photovoltaic module is directly arranged on the support.
The method for calculating the optimized arrangement angle theta comprises the following steps:
first, constructing an environmental impact factor database
(1) Constructing a database of the direct ratio influence coefficient eta, and constructing a database of the arrangement angle theta, the direct ratio and the direct ratio influence coefficient eta by testing and calculating the changes of the different inclination angles theta and the power generation amounts of the photovoltaic modules with different radiation direct ratios, so as to call a model function.
Table 1 direct ratio power generation influence coefficient η unit: % of (B)
Wherein the direct ratio means that the formula is the ratio of the direct radiation received at the unit area level for a period of time to the total radiation received at the unit area level for a period of time.
(2) Calculating and testing the change of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic module under different rainfall and different angles theta, and constructing a database of the influence coefficient zeta of the arrangement angle theta, the rainfall frequency and the cleanliness generating capacity.
Table 2 cleanliness power generation amount influence coefficient ζ unit: % of (B)
Wherein the rainfall frequency is calculated once more than the small rainfall, and the rainfall is 0.1-4.9 mm in 12 hours or 0.1-9.9 mm in 24 hours.
(3) And calculating and testing the influence of the air pocket size change under different angles theta on the heat dissipation efficiency, and constructing a database of the relation between the angles theta and the heat dissipation efficiency generating capacity coefficient. The heat dissipation efficiency of the component influences the temperature of the component, the power generation efficiency of the component is influenced by the temperature, and the higher the temperature is, the lower the power generation efficiency is.
Table 3 heat dissipation efficiency power generation amount influence coefficient epsilon unit: % of (B)
(4) And calculating and testing influences of different angles theta and different wind pressures on the steel consumption of the support of the photovoltaic module, and constructing a database of the angle theta and the steel consumption influence coefficient lambda. Wind pressure is positively correlated with the steel amount of the photovoltaic bracket, and the wind pressure in different environments causes initial investment change.
Table 4 influence coefficient of wind pressure on the amount of steel for photovoltaic brackets λ unit: % of (B)
Secondly, constructing a calculation model;
Y kn ＝ηζεY 0n (1)
wherein: ykn-is the annual internet power of the nth year when the photovoltaic system θ=k°, kWh;
y0n—is the annual internet power of the nth year when the photovoltaic system θ=0°, kWh;
η—the direct ratio influence coefficient,%;
ζ -cleanliness factor,%;
epsilon-heat dissipation efficiency influence coefficient,%.
I k ＝λI 0 (2)
Wherein: lambda-influence coefficient of wind pressure on steel quantity of a photovoltaic bracket,%;
I k -investment amount, element for photovoltaic system θ=k°;
I 0 -investment amount for photovoltaic system θ=0°, element.
And the factors such as the direct solar radiation ratio, wind pressure, rainfall, air temperature and the like are synthesized, and the arrangement of the project area with the optimal waveform angle theta is sought, so that the construction electricity cost of the photovoltaic power station is minimum, and the economic benefit is maximized.
Wherein: i-is the discount rate,%;
n—the number of years the system was operated (n=1, 2), years;
n-is the evaluation period of the photovoltaic power generation system, and is the year;
I t -deducting the value-added tax of the project, and the element;
V R -is a photovoltaic system residual value, element;
M n the operation cost (including maintenance, insurance, materials, labor wages, auxiliary service fees, etc., without interest, element) of the nth year.
Thirdly, iterative computation;
according to the actual condition of the project, setting an initial condition and an iterative step length of an arrangement angle theta, calling data from tables 1-4, calculating according to project boundary condition calculation formulas (1) and (2), substituting calculation results of (1) and (2) and related boundary conditions into formula (3), and guiding the calculation results to carry out iterative calculation by using lower electricity cost.
Fourth, outputting an optimal arrangement angle solution theta;
calculating different arrangement angles theta, comparing and judging calculation results, and outputting theta LCOE Minimum value.
The inclination angle type waveform photovoltaic module designed by the invention can change the whole piece of specular reflection of sunlight into partial specular reflection, weaken light reflection concentration, reduce photovoltaic dyeing, prevent condensation and heat collection phenomena, and reduce interference and damage of condensation and heat collection to surrounding environment. (2) Air pockets can be formed between the components and the building, gas with different air pressure gradients can be formed on the surfaces of the components, and the air pockets can accelerate the flow of the gas, so that the effect of improving heat dissipation is achieved. (3) The components form an M-shaped matched water guide groove, so that rainwater on the surface of a building is conveniently collected, on one hand, under the action of a wave structure, the scouring force of the rainwater on the components is increased, and the natural cleaning efficiency of the components is improved; on the other hand, the rainwater is convenient to collect and discharge in a concentrated way, and the rainwater is prevented from being accumulated on the building surface and leaking.
The inclination angle of the photovoltaic modules can be adjusted according to the factors such as the direct ratio of local solar radiation, wind pressure, rainfall, air temperature and the like.
Various modifications and variations of the present invention may occur to those skilled in the art, and, if such modifications and variations are within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, they are also within the scope of the patent of the present invention.
What is not described in detail in the specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. The calculation method of the optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic modules in the waveform arrangement comprises the step of arranging a plurality of photovoltaic modules in the waveform of an angle theta, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step: a database of environmental impact factors is constructed,
(1) Constructing a database of the direct ratio influence coefficient eta, and constructing a database of the arrangement angle theta, the direct ratio and the direct ratio influence coefficient eta by testing and calculating the changes of the different inclination angles theta and the power generation amounts of the photovoltaic modules with different radiation direct ratios to call a model function; (2) Calculating and testing the change of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic module under different rainfall and different angles theta, and constructing a database of the influence coefficients zeta of the arrangement angle theta, the rainfall frequency and the cleanliness generating capacity; (3) Calculating and testing the influence of the air pocket size change under different angles theta on the heat dissipation efficiency, and constructing a database of the relation between the angles theta and the heat dissipation efficiency generating capacity coefficient; (4) Calculating and testing influences of different angles theta and different wind pressures on the steel consumption of the support of the photovoltaic module, and constructing a database of the angle theta and the steel consumption influence coefficient lambda;
secondly, constructing a calculation model;
（1）
wherein: ykn-is the annual internet power of the nth year when the photovoltaic system θ=k°, kWh;
y0n—is the annual internet power of the nth year when the photovoltaic system θ=0°, kWh;
η—the direct ratio influence coefficient,%;
ζ -cleanliness factor,%;
epsilon-heat dissipation efficiency influence coefficient,%;
（2）
wherein: lambda-influence coefficient of wind pressure on steel quantity of a photovoltaic bracket,%;
I k -investment amount, element for photovoltaic system θ=k°;
I 0 -investment amount when θ=0° of the photovoltaic system, yuan;
the solar radiation direct incidence ratio, wind pressure, rainfall and air temperature factors are synthesized, the arrangement of the project area with a better waveform angle theta is sought, the construction electricity cost of the photovoltaic power station is minimum, and the economic benefit is maximized;
（3）
wherein: i-is the discount rate,%;
n—the number of years the system was operated (n=1, 2), years;
n-is the evaluation period of the photovoltaic power generation system, and is the year;
I t -deducting the value-added tax of the project, and the element;
V R -is a photovoltaic system residual value, element;
M n -the operational cost of the nth year;
Y n -the power of surfing the internet in the nth year and kWh;
thirdly, iterative computation;
setting initial conditions and an iterative step length of an arrangement angle theta according to actual conditions of the project, calculating according to project boundary condition calculation formulas (1) and (2), substituting calculation results of the formulas (1) and (2) and related boundary conditions into a formula (3), and guiding the calculation results to carry out iterative calculation by taking lower electricity cost as calculation result;
fourth, outputting an optimal arrangement angle solution theta; calculating different arrangement angles theta, comparing and judging calculation results, and outputting theta LCOE Minimum value.
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