CN115146403A - Photovoltaic module arranged in waveform and calculation method of optimal arrangement angle of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module arranged in waveform and calculation method of optimal arrangement angle of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
A photovoltaic module arranged in a waveform mode and a method for calculating the optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic module comprise the following steps of arranging a plurality of photovoltaic modules in an angle theta waveform mode: the first step is as follows: constructing an environment influence factor database, and constructing a calculation model; thirdly, iterative computation is carried out; and fourthly, outputting the optimal arrangement angle solution theta. By using the invention, the light pollution can be reduced; light and heat gathering is prevented; the ventilation and fire prevention are improved; the natural cleaning efficiency is improved; the economic benefit is increased; and (3) increasing installed capacity: according to the different angles that the wave form subassembly was arranged, the volume that increases installed capacity is different, improves the solar radiation utilization ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic module, in particular to a photovoltaic module with waveform arrangement and a calculation method of an optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic module.
Background
The BIPV & BAPV photovoltaic technology is to lay the photovoltaic module on the surface of the building or attach the photovoltaic module on the surface material of the building, but has a plurality of disadvantages: 1. the photovoltaic module and the surface of a building lack a heat dissipation gap, so that the heat storage phenomenon is easy to occur, and the power generation efficiency is reduced due to high temperature; 2. the tiled component has no rainwater gravity gradient, is easy to store dirt and dirty and influences the power generation efficiency of the component; 3. limited building surfaces are underutilized to increase installed photovoltaic capacity, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a photovoltaic module capable of selecting waveform arrangement with the lowest electricity consumption cost according to different natural environments and a calculation method of the optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic module.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the photovoltaic modules arranged in a waveform manner and the calculation method of the optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic modules comprise the following steps of arranging a plurality of photovoltaic modules in an angle theta waveform manner:
the first step is as follows: constructing an environmental influence factor database;
(1) Constructing a database of the direct incidence ratio influence coefficient eta, and constructing a database of the arrangement angle theta, the direct incidence ratio and the direct incidence ratio influence coefficient eta for model function call by testing and calculating the change of the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic modules with different angles theta and different radiation direct incidence ratios; (2) Calculating and testing the change of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic module under different rainfall amounts and different angles theta, and constructing a database of an arrangement angle theta, rainfall frequency and cleanliness generating capacity influence coefficient zeta; (3) Calculating and testing the influence of the size change of the air holes on the heat dissipation efficiency under different angles theta, and constructing a database of the relation between the angles theta and the heat dissipation efficiency generating capacity coefficient; (4) And calculating and testing the influence of different angles theta and different wind pressures on the steel consumption of the bracket of the photovoltaic module, and constructing a database of the influence coefficient lambda of the angles theta and the steel consumption.
Secondly, constructing a calculation model;
Y kn ＝ηζεY 0n (1)
in the formula: ykn is annual grid electricity quantity of the nth year when the photovoltaic system theta = k DEG, kWh;
y0n is the annual grid power quantity in the nth year when the theta =0 DEG of the photovoltaic system, kWh;
eta-incidence ratio influence coefficient,%;
ζ -cleanliness influencing factor,%;
epsilon-coefficient of influence of heat dissipation efficiency,%.
I k ＝λI 0 (2)
In the formula: lambda is the influence coefficient of wind pressure on the steel quantity used by the photovoltaic bracket,%;
I k -investment amount, dollar for photovoltaic system θ = k °;
I 0 the investment amount is the investment amount when the photovoltaic system theta =0 degrees.
The factors of direct solar radiation ratio, wind pressure, rainfall and temperature are integrated, and the optimal waveform angle theta arrangement is sought, so that the construction electricity cost of the photovoltaic power station is lowest, and the economic benefit is maximized.
In the formula: i-percent discount;
n-is the number of years the system was operated (n =1,2.. The.) year;
n is the evaluation period of the photovoltaic power generation system, year;
I t -value added tax deduction for the project;
V R -is the photovoltaic system residual value, yun;
M n -for the nth year operation cost;
Y kn -the nth year power on grid, kWh.
Thirdly, iterative computation is carried out;
setting initial conditions and an iterative step length of a layout angle theta according to the actual conditions of the project, calculating according to project boundary conditions calculation formulas (1) and (2), substituting the calculation results of the formulas (1) and (2) and the related boundary conditions into a formula (3), and performing iterative calculation by using lower power consumption cost as the guidance of the calculation results;
fourthly, outputting an optimal arrangement angle solution theta; and calculating different arrangement angles theta, comparing and judging the calculation results, and outputting the theta LCOE minimum value.
The invention has the following positive effects:
(1) And (3) reducing light pollution: the invention changes the photovoltaic components attached to the surface of the building from a uniform plane arrangement to a wave-shaped arrangement. The sunlight is changed from mirror reflection into diffuse reflection, the light reflection intensity is reduced, and the urban light pollution is reduced;
(2) Preventing light condensation and heat accumulation: the invention reflects and disperses the sunlight, reduces the sunlight condensation heat-collecting effect and prevents the interference and damage of the condensation heat-collecting to the surrounding environment;
(3) Improving ventilation and fire prevention: the photovoltaic components attached to the surface of a building are arranged into a wave shape, and air pockets formed by the wave shape arrangement accelerate the air to flow at different gas pressures, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the surfaces of the components and between the components and the building is improved, and the fire risk is reduced;
(4) Improve natural cleaning efficiency: the building photovoltaic component cleaning device has the advantages that the building photovoltaic component is difficult to clean, the cleaning risk is high, and the cleaning cost is high. The cleaning problem of the building photovoltaic module is improved;
(5) Increase economic benefits: novel arrange not increase unnecessary expense on the cost, improve ventilation cooling and save the fire prevention cost, reduce the clean running cost of subassembly, promote system generating efficiency, increase economic benefits.
(6) And (3) the installed capacity is improved: according to the different angles that the wave form subassembly was arranged, the volume that increases installed capacity is different, improves the solar radiation utilization ratio.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a plurality of conventional photovoltaic modules are arranged in a waveform at an angle θ, and a preferred arrangement angle θ with the lowest electricity consumption cost can be calculated by iterative calculation according to the climate environment factors (direct solar radiation ratio, wind pressure, rainfall frequency, etc.) of the project.
When the photovoltaic module is arranged, the photovoltaic support is prefabricated into a support with a design angle theta, and the photovoltaic module is directly installed on the support.
The method for calculating the optimized arrangement angle theta comprises the following steps of:
first, an environmental impact factor database is constructed
(1) And constructing a database of the incidence ratio influence coefficient eta, and constructing a database of the arrangement angle theta, the incidence ratio and the incidence ratio influence coefficient eta by testing and calculating the change of the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic modules with different inclination angles theta and different radiation incidence ratios, and calling a model function.
Table 1 direct firing ratio generated energy influence coefficient η unit: is based on
Wherein the direct radiation ratio means a formula of a ratio of direct radiation received on a unit area horizontal plane over a period of time to a total amount of radiation received on the unit area horizontal plane over a period of time.
(2) Calculating and testing the change of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic module under different rainfall amounts and different angles theta, and constructing a database of the arrangement angle theta, the rainfall frequency and the cleanliness generating capacity influence coefficient zeta.
Table 2 cleanliness power generation amount influence coefficient ζ unit: is based on
Wherein the rainfall frequency is the one calculated above the light rain, and the light rain is 0.1-4.9 mm in the rainfall within 12 hours or 0.1-9.9 mm in the rainfall within 24 hours.
(3) And calculating and testing the influence of the size change of the air holes on the heat dissipation efficiency under different angles theta, and constructing a database of the relation between the angles theta and the heat dissipation efficiency generating capacity coefficient. The assembly heat dissipation efficiency influences the temperature of the assembly, the assembly power generation efficiency is influenced by the temperature, and the higher the temperature is, the lower the power generation efficiency is.
Table 3 heat dissipation efficiency power generation amount influence coefficient ∈ unit: is based on
(4) And calculating and testing the influence of different angles theta and different wind pressures on the steel consumption of the bracket of the photovoltaic module, and constructing a database of the influence coefficients lambda of the angles theta and the steel consumption. The wind pressure is positively correlated with the steel amount used by the photovoltaic bracket, and the wind pressure in different environments causes initial investment change.
Table 4 influence coefficient of wind pressure on steel amount for photovoltaic bracket λ unit: is based on
Secondly, constructing a calculation model;
Y kn ＝ηζεY 0n (1)
in the formula: ykn is annual grid electricity quantity of the nth year when the photovoltaic system theta = k DEG, kWh;
y0n is annual grid electricity quantity of the nth year when the photovoltaic system theta =0 degrees, kWh;
eta-direct injection ratio influence coefficient,%;
ζ -cleanliness factor,%;
epsilon-coefficient of influence of heat dissipation efficiency,%.
I k ＝λI 0 (2)
In the formula: lambda is the influence coefficient of wind pressure on the steel quantity used by the photovoltaic bracket,%;
I k -investment amount for photovoltaic system θ = k °;
I 0 the investment amount is the investment amount when the photovoltaic system theta =0 degrees.
Factors such as direct solar radiation ratio, wind pressure, rainfall, air temperature and the like are integrated, and optimal waveform angle theta arrangement is sought, so that the construction power cost of the photovoltaic power station is the lowest, and the economic benefit is maximized.
In the formula: i-percent discount;
n-is the number of years the system was operating (n =1,2.), year;
n is the evaluation period of the photovoltaic power generation system, year;
I t -value added tax deduction for the project;
V R -is the photovoltaic system residual value, yuan;
M n the operation cost (including maintenance, insurance, materials, artificial wages, auxiliary service fees and the like) of the nth year does not contain interest and yuan.
Thirdly, iterative computation is carried out;
according to the actual condition of the project, setting initial conditions and the iterative step length of the arrangement angle theta, calling data from tables 1-4, calculating according to project boundary condition calculation formulas (1) and (2), substituting the calculation results of (1) and (2) and related boundary conditions into a formula (3), and performing iterative calculation by taking the lower power consumption cost as the calculation result.
Fourthly, outputting an optimal arrangement angle solution theta;
calculating different arrangement angles theta, comparing and judging the calculation results, and outputting theta LCOE A minimum value.
The inclination-angle type waveform photovoltaic module (1) can change the whole specular reflection of sunlight into partial specular reflection, weaken the light reflection concentration, reduce photovoltaic pollution, prevent the phenomenon of light condensation and heat collection, and reduce the interference and damage of the light condensation and heat collection to the surrounding environment. (2) Air pockets can be formed between the components and the building, air with different air pressure gradients can be formed on the surfaces of the components, and the air pockets can accelerate the flow of the air, so that the effect of improving heat dissipation is achieved. (3) The assembly forms an M-shaped matched water chute, which is convenient for collecting rainwater on the surface of a building, on one hand, under the action of a wave-shaped structure, the scouring force of rainwater on the component is increased, and the natural cleaning efficiency of the component is improved; on the other hand, the rainwater is conveniently collected and discharged in a centralized manner, and the rainwater is prevented from being accumulated on the surface of the building and leaking.
The inclination angle arranged among the photovoltaic modules can be adjusted according to factors such as the direct solar radiation ratio, wind pressure, rainfall, air temperature and the like.
Various modifications and variations of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art, and they are still within the scope of the present patent invention provided they are within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.
What is not described in detail in the specification is prior art that is well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A photovoltaic module with a waveform arrangement and a method for calculating the optimal arrangement angle of the photovoltaic module comprise the following steps of arranging a plurality of photovoltaic modules in an angle theta waveform arrangement, and the method is characterized in that the optimal arrangement angle theta is calculated as follows:
the first step is as follows: an environmental impact factor database is constructed,
(1) Constructing a database of the direct incidence ratio influence coefficient eta, constructing a database of the arrangement angle theta, the direct incidence ratio and the direct incidence ratio influence coefficient eta through testing and calculating the change of the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic modules with different inclination angles theta and different radiation direct incidence ratios, and calling a model function; (2) Calculating and testing the change of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic module under different rainfall amounts and different angles theta, and constructing a database of an arrangement angle theta, a rainfall frequency and a cleanliness generating capacity influence coefficient zeta; (3) Calculating and testing the influence of the size change of the air holes on the heat dissipation efficiency under different angles theta, and constructing a database of the relation between the angles theta and the heat dissipation efficiency generating capacity coefficient; (4) Calculating and testing the influence of different angles theta and different wind pressures on the steel consumption of the bracket of the photovoltaic module, and constructing a database of the influence coefficients lambda of the angles theta and the steel consumption;
secondly, constructing a calculation model;
Y kn ＝ηζεY 0n (1)
in the formula: ykn is annual grid electricity quantity in the nth year when the theta = k DEG of the photovoltaic system, kWh;
y0n is the annual grid power quantity in the nth year when the theta =0 DEG of the photovoltaic system, kWh;
eta-incidence ratio influence coefficient,%;
ζ -cleanliness influencing factor,%;
epsilon-coefficient of influence of heat dissipation efficiency,%.
I k ＝λI 0 (2)
In the formula: lambda is the influence coefficient of wind pressure on the steel quantity used by the photovoltaic bracket,%;
I k -investment amount, dollar for photovoltaic system θ = k °;
I 0 -investment amount for photovoltaic system θ =0 °.
The factors of direct solar radiation ratio, wind pressure, rainfall and air temperature are integrated, and the optimal waveform angle theta arrangement is sought, so that the construction power cost of the photovoltaic power station is the lowest, and the economic benefit is maximized.
In the formula: i-percent discount;
n-is the number of years the system was operating (n =1,2.), year;
n is the evaluation period of the photovoltaic power generation system, year;
I t -value added tax deduction for the project;
V R -is the photovoltaic system residual value, yun;
M n -for the nth year operation cost;
Y n -kWh for the nth year of power on the net.
Thirdly, iterative computation is carried out;
setting initial conditions and an iterative step length of a layout angle theta according to the actual conditions of the project, calculating according to project boundary conditions calculation formulas (1) and (2), substituting the calculation results of the formulas (1) and (2) and the related boundary conditions into a formula (3), and performing iterative calculation by using lower power consumption cost as the guidance of the calculation results;
fourthly, outputting an optimal arrangement angle solution theta; calculating different arrangement angles theta, comparing and judging the calculation results, and outputting theta LCOE A minimum value.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116502475A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-07-28 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Photovoltaic bracket foundation integrated calculation method for wind protection self-switching of optimal angle wind-avoiding angle |
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