CN115144908A - High-spatial-resolution retardation potential analyzer and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-spatial-resolution retardation potential analyzer and a method, wherein the analyzer comprises a machine shell, a plurality of branch sensors and a circuit board, the branch sensors and the circuit board are arranged in the machine shell, each branch sensor comprises a sensor shell, and a ground potential layer, a retardation layer, a suppression layer and a collection layer which are sequentially arranged in the sensor shell, a control module and data acquisition modules with the same number as the branch sensors are arranged on the circuit board, the data acquisition modules are correspondingly connected with the branch sensors one by one, and the data acquisition modules are all connected with the control module. The spatial resolution of plasma detection is greatly improved, and the demand target of detection work of an ionized layer fine structure is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of space plasma research and space physics science, in particular to a high-spatial-resolution retardation potential analyzer and a method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The retardation potential analyzer is a sensor commonly used in ionosphere plasma detection engineering, and can diagnose parameters such as ion density, ion temperature, ion drift velocity and the like.
The current principle structure of the retardation potential analyzer is based on a Faraday cage and is a multi-layer grid structure. By applying electric potential to each layer of grid mesh, ions with different energy levels in the plasma can be screened. And controlling the voltage of the blocking layer grid, collecting and recording the numerical values of the corresponding collection layer ionic current electric signals under different blocking voltages, and drawing the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the blocking potential analyzer. Through the analysis of the volt-ampere characteristic curve, the ionized layer ion parameter scientific data which is wanted to be obtained by scientific researchers can be calculated.
However, the traditional retarding potential analyzer is limited by factors such as the bandwidth of an operational amplification circuit, the bandwidth of a filter, the loading of the scanning voltage of a retarding grid layer and the like, and the scanning frequency is low and is usually not higher than 5Hz. If the ionospheric probe satellite flies at 8 km/s, the spatial resolution of the corresponding plasma parameters is about 1600m, that is, one plasma data parameter point is obtained every 1600m, so that the fine structure of the ionosphere cannot be described, and particularly the scientific data of the spatial region where the plasma parameters change rapidly cannot be well detected, thereby limiting the research requirements and the research precision of scientific researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a high-spatial-resolution retardation potential analyzer and a method, wherein the analyzer consists of a plurality of branch sensors, each branch sensor is of a multi-layer grid structure, and the high-speed measurement of parameters such as ion density, ion temperature, ion drift velocity and the like is realized by selecting and fixing a retardation layer grid at a proper potential and matching with a corresponding data processing and analyzing method, so that the spatial resolution of plasma detection is greatly improved, and the required target of detection work of an ionosphere fine structure is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect provides a high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer, which comprises a machine shell, a plurality of branch sensors and a circuit board, wherein the branch sensors and the circuit board are arranged in the machine shell, each branch sensor comprises a sensor shell, a ground potential layer, a retardation layer, a suppression layer and a collection layer, the ground potential layer, the retardation layer, the suppression layer and the collection layer are sequentially arranged in the sensor shell, a control module and data acquisition modules with the same number as the branch sensors are arranged on the circuit board, the data acquisition modules are connected with the branch sensors in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the data acquisition modules are all connected with the control module.
In a second aspect, an ion detection method for a high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer is provided, which includes:
acquiring current data through a branch sensor;
acquiring current data acquired by the branch sensor through a data acquisition module;
the current data acquired by each data acquisition module is individually interpolated through the control module to acquire a plurality of current curves, and all the current curves are summed to acquire a total current curve;
and analyzing the total current curve to obtain detection result data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention arranges a plurality of independent branch sensors in the shell, the signals acquired among the branch sensors are not interfered with each other, each branch sensor is provided with an independent data acquisition module, the sampling rate of the collection layer at the moment is determined to be the spatial resolution of ionosphere ion diagnosis, the sampling rate value can reach hundreds of k because the number of the measurement points of the collection layer is only related to the sampling rate of the data acquisition module, and the measurement points can be adjusted in real time by the control module without being limited by the bandwidth of a front-end operational amplifier and a filter, so the adjustment of the sampling rate of the data acquisition module not only can adjust the spatial resolution in a large range and flexibly, but also can improve the ion parameter spatial resolution of the ionosphere to be within 1 m.
2. The plurality of branch sensors provided by the invention can also be independently configured to work in a traditional retardation type potential analyzer.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the analyzer disclosed in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a current retarding potential analyzer according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a current-voltage characteristic obtained by the current retardation potential analyzer mentioned in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a structure of a sensor of the analyzer disclosed in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of each of the branch sensors disclosed in embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a grid arrangement of each branch sensor disclosed in example 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of a grid and an insulating spacer disclosed in embodiment 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram disclosed in embodiment 1;
fig. 9 is a graph of the voltammetry data obtained in example 1.
Wherein: 1. casing, 2, sensor, 3, branch sensor, 4, insulating pad, 5, ground potential layer, 6, insulating pad, 7, retardation layer, 8, insulating pad, 9, inhibition layer, 10, insulating pad, 11, collection layer, 12, insulating pad.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only terms of relationships determined for convenience of describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to refer to any parts or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations by persons skilled in the relevant scientific or technical field, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The current principle structure of the retardation potential analyzer is based on a Faraday cage and is a multi-layer grid structure. By applying electric potential to each layer of grid mesh, ions with different energy levels in the plasma can be screened. And controlling the voltage of the grid of the retardation layer, collecting and recording numerical values of corresponding collection layer ion current electric signals under different retardation voltages, and drawing a volt-ampere characteristic curve of the retardation potential analyzer. Through the analysis of the volt-ampere characteristic curve, the ionized layer ion parameter scientific data which is wanted to be obtained by scientific researchers can be calculated.
The specific implementation principle of each layer of grid configuration is shown in fig. 2: the top layer is a stratum, the potential is the ground potential, and the function is to shield the disturbance of the internal potential of the sensor to space plasma. The second layer is a blocking layer and is used for loading a scanning blocking bias voltage, usually 0-15V, the function is to screen ions with different energy levels, if the kinetic energy Ek of the ions is greater than the electron volt energy corresponding to the bias voltage potential, the ions can enter the collection layer to be collected, otherwise, the ions can be blocked by the blocking layer and cannot be collected by the collection layer. The third layer is a restraining grid, and negative potential is loaded for resisting electrons in the plasma, so that current signals collected by the collecting layer are all formed by ions. The fourth layer is a stratum loaded with ground potential and has the function of preventing secondary electrons of the collection layer from escaping. The bottom layer is a collecting layer and has the function of collecting and measuring the current signal magnitude of the layer.
The standard curve of the current-voltage characteristic is shown in fig. 3, wherein the horizontal axis represents the scanning voltage and the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the collected ion current. In the plasma environment, with the increase of the potential of the retardation layer, namely the increase of the abscissa value, the ion quantity of the grid mesh of the retardation layer is reduced, the value of the ion current is reduced, the voltage and the current values in the whole scanning process are recorded, and the curve can be drawn.
The traditional retarding potential analyzer is limited by factors such as the bandwidth of an operational amplification circuit, the bandwidth of a filter, the loading of the scanning voltage of a retarding grid layer and the like, and the scanning frequency is low and is usually not higher than 5Hz. If the ionosphere detection satellite flies at a speed of 8 kilometers per second, the spatial resolution of the corresponding plasma parameters is about 1600m, namely, one plasma data parameter point is obtained every 1600 meters, so that the fine structure of the ionosphere cannot be depicted, particularly scientific data of a space region where the plasma parameters change rapidly cannot be well detected, and the research requirements and the research precision of scientific researchers are limited.
For the purpose of fine diagnosis of ionospheric ion parameters, in this embodiment, a high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer is proposed, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a housing 1 and a sensor 2 and a circuit board disposed in the housing 1.
As shown in fig. 4, the sensor 2 includes a plurality of identical branch sensors 3, and each branch sensor 3 is a multi-layer grid structure. An electric field shielding member is arranged between the adjacent branch sensors 3, the electric field shielding member can adopt an aluminum foil, and the electric field between the branch sensors 3 can not interfere with each other through the electric field shielding member.
In specific implementation, the number of the branch sensors 3 is set to be 8, the structures of the 8 branch sensors 3 are completely the same and are all multilayer grid structures, the size and the material of each layer of grid are completely the same, and the shape of each layer of grid is an eighth circle.
The structure of the sensors is described only by setting the number of the branch sensors 3 to 8, and the number of the specific branch sensors 3 may be set to other numbers according to specific use requirements, and is not limited to 8.
The structure of each branch sensor 3 will be described in detail.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, each branch sensor 3 includes a sensor housing, and a ground potential layer 5, a retardation layer 7, a suppression layer 9, and a collection layer 11 sequentially disposed in the sensor housing, wherein the ground potential layer 5, the retardation layer 7, and the suppression layer 9 all adopt a grid structure, the grid is made of stainless steel plated gold, and the size radius of the grid is 4-10cm.
An insulating spacer 4 is arranged between the sensor housing and the ground potential layer 5, an insulating spacer 6 is arranged between the ground potential layer 5 and the retardation layer 7, an insulating spacer 8 is arranged between the retardation layer 7 and the suppression layer 9, an insulating spacer 10 is arranged between the suppression layer 9 and the collection layer 11, and an insulating spacer 12 is arranged between the collection layer 11 and the sensor housing.
The notches embedded with the grids are formed in each insulating gasket, the grids are installed in the notches of the insulating gaskets, and as shown in fig. 7, the installation strength can be improved, the grids on the adjacent layers can be prevented from falling off due to vibration, the grids on the same layer can be electrically isolated from each other, and electric field interference can be prevented.
The ground potential layer 5 is directly connected to the sensor housing and to the reference ground of the circuit. The potentials of the retardation layers 7 in each branch sensor 3 are different, the potentials of the plurality of retardation layers 7 are uniformly distributed among scanning retardation bias voltages which need to be loaded, commonly used potentials are uniformly distributed between 0V and 15V, or the potentials are distributed more at curve characteristic potentials corresponding to key information in a measured volt-ampere characteristic curve of a retardation potential analyzer, potential intervals corresponding to other curve value stable sections are distributed less, and the original scanning curve characteristics are accurately depicted.
The scan retardation bias to be loaded may be 0-15V, which is commonly used, or may be the rest.
The inhibiting layer 9 is used for resisting electrons in ionized layer plasma, so that collected current signals are formed by ions, and the potential of the inhibiting layer 9 is-30V.
A collector is arranged in the collection layer 11, and the collector is made of a metal copper sheet and is used for collecting particle signals entering the sensor.
All the grids can be led out through wires.
In specific implementation, the number of the branch sensors 3 is set to be 8, the structures of the 8 branch sensors 3 are completely the same and are all multilayer grid structures, the size and the material of each layer of grid are completely the same, and the shape of each layer of grid is an eighth circle.
A circuit board will be explained.
As shown in fig. 8, a control module, a power module and a plurality of data acquisition modules are disposed on the circuit board, wherein the number of the data acquisition modules is the same as that of the branch sensors 3, each data acquisition module is connected to a separate branch sensor 3, when the number of the branch sensors 3 is 8, the number of the corresponding data acquisition modules is also 8, and the 8 data acquisition modules are connected to the 8 branch sensors in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
A plurality of data acquisition modules all are connected with control module, and power module all is connected with control module, data acquisition module, supplies power for control module and data acquisition module through power module.
Each data acquisition module comprises an amplification and gain switching module, a filtering module and an acquisition module which are sequentially connected, the amplification and gain switching module is connected with the collector, and the acquisition module is connected with the control module.
The amplification and gain switching module and the filtering module adopt a low-noise and high-precision operational amplifier and a filter, so that anti-electromagnetic interference and noise suppression are performed on weak current signals collected from the collector, large-gain signal amplification is stably realized, and the requirements of 100pA electric signal intensity level in ion detection are very met.
The acquisition module adopts an analog-to-digital converter, the maximum sampling rate is 128KSPS, the noiseless effective digit can reach 18-20 digits under the support of a high-precision power supply and reference voltage, and the method is very suitable for the application requirement of high spatial resolution.
In practical configuration, factors such as data volume, quantization noise of an analog-digital converter and the like are considered, the sampling rate is set to be 8K, the ionospheric plasma detection spatial resolution can reach 1m at the moment, one plasma data parameter point is obtained every 1m, the performance of plasma diagnosis under the scanning mode of the traditional retardation potential analyzer is far superior to that of plasma diagnosis under the scanning mode of the traditional retardation potential analyzer, and the purpose of well measuring the fine structure of the ionospheric plasma parameters can be achieved.
The control module is used for processing the current data acquired by the data acquisition module acquisition branch sensor through an interpolation method to obtain a volt-ampere characteristic data curve, and the processing process is as follows:
and performing independent interpolation on the current data acquired by each data acquisition module to acquire a plurality of current curves, summing all the current curves to acquire a total current curve, and analyzing the total current curve to acquire detection result data.
A fixed bias mode is adopted in the design of the high-speed retardation potential analyzer, and a complete retardation potential analyzer curve capable of being subjected to parameter fitting is obtained by processing each bias data point. The control module of the embodiment adopts an adjustable fixed bias point measurement method and an interpolation-based data optimization processing method to jointly complete the processing of the data collected by the sensor.
Assuming that the spatial plasma conforms to the Maxwell distribution, the current contribution according to the ith ion pair data curve is
Where K is the total pass rate, A is the window area, e is the unit charge, N i Is the ion density, V, of the i-th ion r Is the overall velocity of the plasma relative to the satellite along the axis of the sensor,
wherein
For the absolute potential of the satellite earth with respect to the space plasma, U is the scan bias value, m i Is the mass of the i-th ion, f i ＝V r -v g ，
T i Is the temperature of the ith ion.
Therefore, the i types of ion current curve data are added, and the obtained current curve formula is the actually measured total current curve. The total contribution current of all ions is
And fitting the formula with the measured volt-ampere characteristic curve to obtain detection result data, wherein the detection result data comprises parameter data such as ion density, ion temperature, ion drift velocity, proportion of each ion component, satellite absolute potential and the like.
The measured volt-ampere characteristic curve can be obtained by detecting through a high-precision desk-top multimeter or a weak current detection device.
When the number of the branch sensors is 8, the processing effect of the control module on the data corresponding to the eight blocking bias potentials by the data processing method based on the interpolation method is shown in fig. 9, wherein a line with a thin dot is a scanning volt-ampere characteristic curve of a conventional blocking potential analyzer in one period, eight circles correspond to voltages and corresponding current point positions for performing fixed bias measurement on eight quadrants, and a thick dotted line is a volt-ampere characteristic data curve of the blocking potential analyzer obtained by using the interpolation optimization algorithm provided by the embodiment for eight break points.
According to the interpolation method adopted by the control module of the embodiment, scientific data analysis is performed on the traditional scanning mode curve and the interpolation processing curve of the fixed bias method, and table 1 is obtained.
TABLE 1 analytical results
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the scientific data processed by the curve measured by the retardation potential analyzer in the conventional scanning mode, the parameters such as ion density, ion temperature, ion drift velocity and the like obtained by the curve obtained by the fixed bias method provided by the embodiment are basically within the allowable error range, the test effect is good, and the feasibility of the design is verified.
The high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer provided by this embodiment fixes the potential of the retardation layer 7 in each branch sensor 3, so as to obtain the electrical signal amplitude of the collector at different retardation potentials, records the current signals of the collectors at the multiple fixed bias voltages, and can obtain multiple discrete point locations on the data curve of the retardation potential analyzer. At the moment, the number of the collector measuring points is only related to the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit, the sampling rate can reach hundreds of k, and the sampling rate can be adjusted in real time through the control module without being limited by the bandwidth of the front-end operational amplifier and the filter, so that the size of the spatial resolution can be adjusted flexibly in a large range through adjusting the sampling rate of the data acquisition module, and the spatial resolution of the ion parameter of the ionized layer can be improved to be within 1 m.
The invention provides a retarding potential analyzer with high spatial resolution, which does not depend on retarding voltage of periodic scanning, realizes the acquisition of data characteristic curve and the parameter analysis of data of a high-speed retarding potential analyzer on the premise of controllable error by improving a sensor structure, fixing retarding potential and matching with a corresponding data optimization processing algorithm. The blocking potential analyzer is composed of a plurality of branch sensors, each branch sensor is of a multi-layer grid structure, and high-speed measurement of parameters such as ion density, ion temperature, ion drift velocity and the like is realized by selecting and fixing a blocking layer grid at a proper potential and matching with a corresponding data processing and analyzing method. The main efficiency and innovation of the invention are that the improvement of the sensor structure and the corresponding data processing method adopted by the control module are matched with the adoption of a high-precision low-noise electronic circuit, so that compared with the traditional retardation potential analyzer, the space resolution of plasma detection is greatly improved, the required target of detection work of the fine structure of the ionized layer is realized, and the detection diagnosis and parameter analysis of the fine structure of the ionized layer can be realized.
Example 2
In this embodiment, an ion detection method for a high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer is disclosed, including:
acquiring current data through a branch sensor;
acquiring current data acquired by the branch sensor through a data acquisition module;
the current data acquired by each data acquisition module is individually interpolated through the control module to acquire a plurality of current curves, and all the current curves are summed to acquire a total current curve;
and analyzing the total current curve to obtain detection result data.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high spatial resolution is potential analysis appearance of blocking, its characterized in that, includes the casing and sets up a plurality of branch sensor and circuit board in the casing, and every branch sensor all includes sensor housing and the earth potential layer that sets gradually in sensor housing, the layer of blocking, the suppression layer, the collection layer, set up control module and the data acquisition module with branch sensor the same quantity on the circuit board, and data acquisition module is connected with branch sensor one-to-one, and a plurality of data acquisition module all are connected with control module.
2. The high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer of claim 1, wherein insulating spacers are disposed between the ground potential layer and the sensor housing, between the ground potential layer and the retardation layer, between the retardation layer and the suppression layer, between the suppression layer and the collection layer, and between the collection layer and the sensor housing.
3. The high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer of claim 1 wherein the potential of each retardation layer is different.
4. The high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer of claim 1 wherein the ground potential layer, the retardation layer, and the frustrating layer are all of a grid structure.
5. The potentiometric analyzer of claim 1, wherein the insulating spacer has notches for mounting the grid therein.
6. The high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer of claim 1 wherein an electric field shield is disposed between two adjacent branch sensors.
7. The potentiometric analyzer with high spatial resolution retardation potential as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition module comprises an amplification and gain switching module, a filtering module and an acquisition module which are connected in sequence, the amplification and gain switching module is connected with the collection layer, and the acquisition module is connected with the control module.
8. The high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer of claim 1, wherein the circuit board further comprises a memory module and a power module, the memory module is connected to the control module, and the power module is connected to the branch sensor, the data acquisition module, the control module and the memory module.
9. The high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to process the data acquired by the data acquisition module, specifically: and performing independent interpolation on the current data acquired by each data acquisition module to acquire a plurality of current curves, and summing all the current curves to acquire a total current curve.
10. An ion detection method for a high spatial resolution retardation potential analyzer, comprising:
acquiring current data through a branch sensor;
acquiring current data acquired by the branch sensor through a data acquisition module;
the current data acquired by each data acquisition module is independently interpolated through a control module to acquire a plurality of current curves, and all the current curves are summed to acquire a total current curve;
and analyzing the total current curve to obtain detection result data.
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