CN115132861B - Solar cell grid line structure, manufacturing method thereof and solar cell - Google Patents
Solar cell grid line structure, manufacturing method thereof and solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115132861B CN115132861B CN202210854787.2A CN202210854787A CN115132861B CN 115132861 B CN115132861 B CN 115132861B CN 202210854787 A CN202210854787 A CN 202210854787A CN 115132861 B CN115132861 B CN 115132861B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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Abstract
The application discloses a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a solar cell, and relates to the field of photovoltaics, wherein the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure comprises the following steps: providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite; preparing a first gate line on a first side using the same apparatus; preparing a second gate line on the second surface; wherein preparing the first gate line on the first side using the same apparatus comprises: carrying out laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate; filling slurry into the grooves according to the patterns of the grid line carrier plates; transferring the slurry to the surface of the first side of the solar cell by using laser; the position relationship between adjacent light spots of the laser is tangential, separated or intersected, and when the adjacent light spots are separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots is 0.5-50 mu m. The manufacturing process of the solar cell grid line structure is simplified, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a solar cell.
Background
Along with the optimization of the national energy structure, the new energy industry is getting more and more attention in the market, especially the photovoltaic industry, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is required to be improved as soon as possible, and the cost is reduced, so that the further utilization of solar energy is realized.
The grid line of the solar cell is used for collecting carriers in the cell and transmitting the carriers to the outside of the cell. The design structure of the grid line can directly influence the series resistance, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof, and a solar cell for simplifying the manufacturing process of the solar cell grid line structure and reducing the production cost.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell grid line structure, including:
providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite;
preparing a first gate line on a first side using the same apparatus;
preparing a second gate line on the second surface;
wherein preparing the first gate line on the first side using the same apparatus comprises:
carrying out laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate;
filling slurry into the pattern of the grid line carrier plate;
transferring the slurry in the grid line carrier plate to the surface of the first surface of the solar cell by using laser;
the position relationship between adjacent light spots of the laser is tangential, separated or intersected, and when the adjacent light spots are separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots is 0.5-50 mu m.
Optionally, wherein:
after the step of providing a solar cell substrate and before the step of preparing the first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment, the method for manufacturing the solar cell grid line structure further comprises the following steps:
printing electrodes on the first surface of the solar cell substrate and performing primary drying, wherein the primary drying temperature is 50-300 ℃, and the primary drying time is 20-200 s.
Optionally, wherein:
in the laser grooving on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate, the light spot width of the laser ranges from 5 mu m to 50 mu m.
Optionally, wherein:
after transferring the paste to the surface of the first side of the solar cell using the laser, preparing the first grid line on the first side using the same apparatus further includes:
and (5) drying the slurry on the surface of the first surface for the second time. The temperature range of the secondary drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the secondary drying is 20-200 s.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a solar cell grid line structure manufactured by the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure described in the first aspect, the solar cell substrate has a first face and a second face opposite to each other, and the solar cell grid line structure includes a first grid line located on the first face and a second grid line located on the second face.
Optionally, wherein:
the first grid line comprises at least one main grid line and a plurality of thin grid lines, and the main grid line comprises at least one first area; in the first area, at least five thin grid lines penetrate through the main grid line, and the solar cell grid line structure further comprises a plurality of anti-breaking grid lines, wherein each anti-breaking grid line is connected with two adjacent thin grid lines.
Optionally, wherein:
when the main grid line comprises at least two first areas, the distance between every two adjacent first areas ranges from 13mm to 15mm.
Optionally, wherein:
the thin grid lines form geometric patterns or special patterns;
in the first region, each thin gate line penetrates the main gate line along the extending direction of the corresponding thin gate line.
Optionally, wherein:
in the first region, each thin gate line penetrating the main gate line is perpendicular to the main gate line.
Optionally, wherein:
each thin gate line is perpendicular to the main gate line.
In a third aspect, the present application also provides a solar cell comprising the solar cell grid line structure described in the second aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell provided by the application have the advantages that at least the following beneficial effects are realized:
according to the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell, when the grid line structure is formed on the solar cell substrate, the solar cell substrate is provided with the first surface and the second surface which are opposite, and the first grid line can be manufactured on the first surface of the solar cell substrate by using the same equipment, so that the process flow of manufacturing the solar cell grid line is simplified. Specifically, the first surface may be grooved by laser according to the pattern of the grid line carrier, the grid line pattern is scribed on the first surface, then the pattern of the grid line carrier is filled with the slurry, and then the slurry in the grid line carrier is transferred to the surface of the first surface of the solar cell by using the laser transfer technology again, so that the first grid line is formed on the first surface of the solar cell. Compared with the screen printing technology adopted in the prior art, the method utilizes the laser transfer printing technology to prepare the grid line on the surface of the solar cell, so that the steps of scribing, slotting and slurry transfer printing on the solar cell can be sequentially carried out on the same equipment, the process flow of preparing the grid line of the solar cell is simplified, and meanwhile, compared with the screen printing technology, the laser transfer printing technology adopted by the method can reduce the consumption of slurry, reduce the cost of manufacturing the grid line, and further reduce the production cost of the solar cell. In addition, when the laser is used for slotting or slurry filling, the position relationship between adjacent light spots of the laser can be tangential, separated or intersected, wherein when the position relationship between adjacent light spots of the laser is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots can be 0.5-50 μm so as to ensure that formed grid lines have good contact and reduce damage to solar cell substrates; if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too small, the damage of the laser to the solar cell substrate is larger, and if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too large, the contact between the formed grid line and the solar cell substrate is poorer, so that the efficiency of the solar cell is affected.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product embodying the application to achieve all of the technical effects described above at the same time.
Other features of the present application and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the application, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a solar cell grid line structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a positional relationship between laser spots according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of laser transfer printing according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art gate line structure;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell grid line structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell grid line structure at a main grid position according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a graph showing a tensile characterization box of the solar cell before and after aging according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the application, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
Along with the optimization of the national energy structure, the new energy industry is getting more and more attention in the market, especially the photovoltaic industry, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is required to be improved as soon as possible, and the cost is reduced, so that the further utilization of solar energy is realized.
The grid line of the solar cell is used for collecting carriers in the cell and transmitting the carriers to the outside of the cell. The design structure of the grid line can directly influence the series resistance, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is influenced.
The current technology for preparing the front electrode and the back electrode of the solar cell is a screen printing technology, the main process is to print the back electrode and the back grid line first, print the front main grid and the fine grid, dry after each printing, and sinter the printed solar cell to obtain the finished product of the solar cell. The screen printing process is complex in operation, and the consumption of slurry is high during printing, so that the production cost of the solar cell is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a solar cell grid line structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a solar cell, which are used for simplifying the manufacturing process of the solar cell grid line structure and reducing the production cost.
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a solar cell grid line structure according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a positional relationship between laser spots according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of laser transfer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for manufacturing a solar cell grid line structure according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
s10, providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite.
It can be understood that the first surface of the solar cell substrate provided by the embodiment of the application may be a light-facing surface of a solar cell, where the second surface is a backlight surface of the solar cell, and the first surface may also be a backlight surface of the solar cell, where the second surface is a light-facing surface of the solar cell. The following describes in detail an example in which the first surface is a backlight surface of a solar cell.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
after the step of providing a solar cell substrate and before the step of preparing the first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment, the method for manufacturing the solar cell grid line structure may further include:
providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite;
an electrode is printed on a first side of a solar cell substrate and a first bake is performed. The temperature range of the first drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the first drying is 20-200 s.
Based on this, referring to fig. 1 to 3, when the gate lines are manufactured, the gate lines on the back surface may be manufactured first, and then the gate lines on the light-facing surface may be manufactured, that is, when the first surface of the solar cell is the back surface of the solar cell, the first gate lines on the first surface of the solar cell may be manufactured first, and then the second gate lines on the second surface may be manufactured. Before the first grid line of the solar cell is manufactured, an electrode on the backlight surface can be manufactured first to form good ohmic contact with the backlight surface of the solar cell, good weldability is provided, the solar cell and the welding strip are convenient to weld, and the carrier transmission to the outside of the cell is facilitated. When the electrode on the first surface is manufactured, the electrode paste can be printed on the first surface of the solar cell through a screen printing process by using a template of the electrode pattern, and the electrode paste after printing needs to be dried for the first time to dry the electrode after printing, so that the electrode on the first surface is prevented from being damaged in the subsequent steps.
Meanwhile, the temperature range in the first drying is limited between 50 ℃ and 300 ℃, the time range is limited between 20s and 200s, if the temperature in the drying is too low or the time is too short, the printed electrode paste cannot be thoroughly dried and cured, and the electrode can be damaged in the subsequent printing and overturning processes; if the temperature during drying is too high or the drying time is too long, the adhesive force between the electrode and the solar cell substrate can be affected, so that the electrode is easy to peel or fall off, and the quality of the solar cell is affected.
For example, the drying temperature of the first drying may be 50 ℃, 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃ and the like, and the drying time of the first drying may be 20s, 50s, 100s, 150s, 200s and the like, which are only examples and not particularly limited.
In some examples, the material forming the electrode on the first surface may be silver, and the electrode paste at this time is silver paste, and the apparatus for performing the first drying may be an oven, which is merely exemplary and not particularly limited herein.
S20, preparing a first grid line on the first surface by using the same equipment.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 3, preparing a first gate line on a first side using the same apparatus includes:
laser grooving is carried out on the first surface according to the pattern of the grid line carrier plate 20;
filling slurry into the pattern of the gate line carrier plate 20;
transferring the slurry in the grid line carrier plate 20 to the surface of the first side of the solar cell by using the laser 10;
the positional relationship between adjacent spots 101 of the laser 10 is tangential, separated or intersecting, and when adjacent spots 101 are separated or intersecting, the distance between adjacent spots 101 is 0.5 μm to 50 μm.
Based on this, referring to fig. 1 and 3, when a first grid line is fabricated on a first side of a solar cell, etching slotting and slurry filling can be performed by using the same equipment, specifically, laser slotting can be performed on the first side of the solar cell according to a pattern of a grid line carrier 20 by using a laser device, and the grid line pattern is scribed on the surface of the solar cell, so as to provide accurate positioning for the grid line formed later; filling slurry into the pattern of the grid line carrier plate 20 to form a grid line material; and then, using the laser equipment again, transferring the slurry in the grid line carrier plate 20 to the surface of the first surface of the solar cell by using a laser transfer printing technology, and further forming a first grid line on the first surface of the solar cell. Compared with the screen printing technology adopted in the prior art, the embodiment of the application adopts the laser transfer printing technology to print the sizing agent on the surface of the solar cell, and the sizing agent is the same as equipment used when slotting is carried out on the surface of the solar cell, so that slotting and printing steps can be carried out on the same equipment in sequence when the grid line is manufactured, the process flow of manufacturing the grid line is simplified, and the formed grid line has better height-width ratio and quality through the laser transfer printing technology, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar cell; in addition, the consumption of sizing agent can be reduced by utilizing a laser transfer printing technology, so that the production cost of the solar cell is reduced.
In addition, referring to fig. 3, when the laser 10 is used for slotting or slurry filling, the positional relationship between adjacent spots 101 of the laser 10 may be tangential, separated or intersected, wherein when the positional relationship between adjacent spots 101 of the laser 10 is separated or intersected, the distance between adjacent spots 101 may be 0.5 μm to 50 μm, so as to ensure good contact of the formed grid lines and reduce damage to the solar cell substrate 30. The distance between adjacent spots 101 here refers to the distance between the edges of the spots 101 in the direction of extension of the spot 101 along the line of the circle center of the spot 101. If the interval between the adjacent light spots 101 is too small, the number of the light spots 101 formed on the surface of the solar cell by the laser equipment is too large, and the opening rate of the laser 10 is too large, so that the damage of the laser 10 to the solar cell substrate 30 is larger, and the mechanical load capacity of the solar cell is smaller; if the distance between the adjacent light spots 101 is too large, the ohmic contact area between the formed grid line and the solar cell substrate is reduced, so that the series resistance is increased, and the efficiency of the solar cell is further affected.
Illustratively, when adjacent spots are separated or intersect, the distance between adjacent spots may be 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, etc., by way of example only, and not limitation.
In some examples, in laser grooving in the pattern of the grid line carrier plate on the first face, the spot width of the laser is in the range of 5 μm to 50 μm. Based on the method, the width of the light spot of the laser is in the range of 5-50 mu m, and the width of the light spot is more matched with the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure provided by the embodiment of the application in the process steps of grid line pattern design, slurry filling, subsequent sintering and the like. It is understood that the spot width of the laser, i.e. the diameter of the laser spot.
By way of example, the laser spot width may be 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, etc., by way of example only, and is not particularly limited.
In some examples, after transferring the paste to the surface of the first side of the solar cell with the laser, preparing the first grid line on the first side with the same apparatus further comprises:
and (5) drying the slurry on the surface of the first surface for the second time. The temperature range of the secondary drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the secondary drying is 20-200 s.
Based on the method, after the slurry is transferred to the first surface of the solar cell by using the laser transfer printing technology, the slurry on the surface of the first surface can be dried for the second time, so that the slurry on the surface of the first surface can be solidified and formed, and the slurry is prevented from being damaged in the process of subsequently manufacturing the grid line of the second surface or overturning the solar cell. The dried fine grid lines included in the first grid lines can collect carriers transmitted to the surface of the solar cell and transmit the carriers to the main grid, ohmic contact can be formed between the fine grid lines and the surface of the first surface of the solar cell, series resistance is reduced, and efficiency of the solar cell is improved.
Meanwhile, the temperature range during the second drying is limited to be 50-300 ℃, the time range is limited to be 20-200 s, if the temperature during the drying is too low or the time is too short, the transferred sizing agent cannot be thoroughly dried and solidified, and the first grid line can be damaged in the subsequent printing and overturning processes; if the temperature during drying is too high or the drying time is too long, ohmic contact between the first grid line and the first surface of the solar cell is affected, and therefore efficiency of the solar cell is affected.
For example, the drying temperature of the second drying may be 50 ℃, 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃ and the like, and the drying time of the second drying may be 20s, 50s, 100s, 150s, 200s and the like, which are only examples and are not particularly limited.
The material forming the first gate line on the first surface may be aluminum, and the slurry at this time is aluminum slurry, and the apparatus for performing the second drying may be an oven, which is merely exemplary and not particularly limited herein.
S30, preparing a second grid line on the second surface.
In this way, when the first surface of the solar cell is the backlight surface and the second surface is the light-facing surface, the second surface of the solar cell performs photoelectric conversion, which directly relates to the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, so that the light-shielding area can be reduced by changing the design of the second grid line on the second surface, the area of the second surface of the solar cell which can be irradiated by sunlight can be increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be further increased. When the second grid line on the second surface is prepared, the same as the first grid line is prepared, a laser transfer printing technology is adopted, and a conventional screen printing process can also be adopted. When the screen printing process is adopted to prepare the second grid line, the main grid in the second grid line can be firstly prepared, then the fine grid is prepared, drying and shaping are carried out after each printing is finished, and finally the sintering step is carried out, so that the grid line structure of the solar cell is finished.
Illustratively, the material of the second grid line may be silver, and the apparatus used in the drying operation after each printing operation may be an oven, which is merely exemplary and not particularly limited herein.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art gate line structure; fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell grid line structure according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell grid line structure at a main grid position according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of fig. 6.
Based on the same inventive concept, referring to fig. 5, the present application further provides a solar cell grid line structure manufactured by the method for manufacturing a solar cell grid line structure described in the above embodiment, wherein the solar cell substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the solar cell grid line structure includes a first grid line located on the first surface and a second grid line located on the second surface.
Based on this, referring to fig. 2 and 5, in the solar cell grid line structure manufactured by the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure described in the above embodiment, the first grid line is formed by performing laser grooving and laser transfer printing on the same device, so that the process flow is simplified, and meanwhile, the consumption of the grid line slurry is reduced, and thus, the production cost of the solar cell is reduced. The positional relationship between the adjacent light spots 101 of the laser 10 used in forming the first grid line may be tangent, separated or intersected, where when the positional relationship between the adjacent light spots 101 of the laser 10 used is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots 101 may be 0.5 μm-50 μm, so as to ensure that the formed first grid line has good contact, and reduce damage to the solar cell substrate.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5-7, the first gate line includes at least one main gate line 32 and a plurality of thin gate lines 31, the main gate line 32 including at least one first region 321; in the first area 321, at least five thin gate lines 31 penetrate through the main gate line 32, and the solar cell gate line structure further includes a plurality of anti-breaking gate lines 33, where each anti-breaking gate line 33 connects two adjacent thin gate lines 31.
As can be seen from comparing fig. 4 with fig. 5 to 7, the first grid line includes at least one main grid line 32 and a plurality of thin grid lines 31, wherein the thin grid lines 31 are used for collecting carriers transferred to the surface of the solar cell and transferring the carriers to the main grid line 32, and then the carriers are output externally through the main grid. In the prior art, if there is a problem that the thin grating 42 on both sides of the main grating 41 has a poor aspect ratio or damage to the thin grating 42 due to poor printing quality, the resistance at the thin grating 42 on the side increases, and thus the series resistance increases, and the efficiency of the solar cell decreases. In the solar cell grid line structure provided by the embodiment of the application, at least one first area 321 is arranged on the main grid line 32, at least five thin grid lines 31 penetrate the main grid line 32, the thin grid lines 31 on two sides of the main grid line 32 are electrically connected, if any one of the thin grid lines 31 on two sides of the main grid line 32 has the problem of larger resistance at the thin grid caused by poor thin grid height-width ratio or damage and the like due to poor printing quality, carriers can be output to the outside from the thin grid with better printing quality or smaller resistance without damage through the thin grid lines 31 penetrating the main grid in the first area 321, so that the current loss output by the solar cell is smaller, and the efficiency of the solar cell is improved. The solar cell grid line structure in the first area 321 further comprises a plurality of anti-breaking grid lines 33, each anti-breaking grid line 33 connects two adjacent thin grid lines 31, so that breakage of the thin grid lines 31 penetrating through the main grid line 32 in the first area 321 can be prevented, stability is guaranteed, carriers can still be collected by the thin grid lines 31 under the condition of partial breakage and transferred to the main grid, and the effect of improving solar cell efficiency of the thin grid lines 31 penetrating through the main grid line 32 in the first area 321 is guaranteed.
In some examples, the first side also has electrodes thereon to form good ohmic contact with the backlight of the solar cell and to provide good solderability, facilitating soldering of the solar cell with the solder strip, and facilitating carrier transport out of the cell.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5 to 7, the main grid line 32 on the first surface of the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the application may be an intermittent main grid line, and the electrode on the first surface and the position of the main grid line 32 are partially overlapped, so that the usage amount of grid line slurry can be reduced, and the production cost of the solar cell is reduced.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5 to 7, when the main gate line 32 includes at least two first regions 321, a pitch between adjacent two first regions 321 ranges from 13mm to 15mm.
Based on this, referring to fig. 5 to 7, when the main gate line 32 is an intermittent main gate line, the exposed electrode at the position of the main gate line 32 is welded with the solder strip, and if the main gate line 32 includes at least two first regions 321, the distance between two adjacent first regions 321 may be 13mm to 15mm, so as to ensure good welding effect and carrier collection capability. If the interval between two adjacent first areas 321 is too small, on one hand, the height difference between the thin grid line 31 and the electrode is too large, so that the welding effect of the electrode and the welding strip is poor; on the other hand, the distance between the thin grid line 31 and the electrode is too short, and the thin grid line 31 is contacted when the welding strip expands with heat and contracts with cold, so that the solar cell is hidden and cracked, and the quality of the solar cell is affected. If the interval between the adjacent two first regions 321 is too large, the carrier collecting ability of the solar cell is also weak.
In some examples, the plurality of thin gate lines 31 constitute a geometric pattern or a special pattern; in the first region 321, each thin gate line 31 penetrates the main gate line 32 in the extending direction of the corresponding thin gate line 31. Based on this, on the first surface of the solar cell, the plurality of thin grid lines 31 may form a regular geometric pattern, or may form a special-shaped pattern with irregular or more complex shape, and the thin grid lines 31 penetrating through the main grid in the first region 321 on the main grid line 32 may penetrate through the main grid line 32 along the respective extending directions of the thin grid lines 31 during penetration, so that the grid line pattern of the finally formed first grid line has a better ornamental value.
In some examples, referring to fig. 7, each thin gate line 31 penetrating the main gate line 32 is perpendicular to the main gate line 32 in the first region 321. Based on this, when the plurality of thin grid lines 31 form a regular geometric pattern or an irregular or more complex special-shaped pattern on the first surface of the solar cell, each thin grid line 31 penetrating through the main grid line 32 in the first area 321 can be perpendicular to the main grid line 32, so that more thin grid lines 31 can be connected, and the length of the thin grid line 31 at the penetrating position is shortest when being perpendicular to the main grid line 32, the resistance at the grid line is reduced, the series resistance is further reduced, and the efficiency of the solar cell is improved.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5-7, each thin gate line 31 is perpendicular to the main gate line 32. Based on this, each thin gate line 31 on the first side of the solar cell is perpendicular to the main gate line 32, at which time the consumption of gate line paste is minimized and the normal collection of carriers can be ensured.
In some examples, the thin grid line may have a width ranging from 30 μm to 200 μm, and if the thin grid line is too narrow, breakage of the grid is likely to occur, and the series resistance may be increased, thereby affecting the efficiency of the solar cell; if the thin grid line is too wide, the combination of the solar cell and the metal electrode is affected, so that the efficiency of the solar cell is reduced, the shading degree on the first surface is increased, and the double-sided rate of the solar cell is reduced.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5 to 7, the solar cell grid line structure provided by the embodiment of the application may further include positioning points 34 disposed at four corners of the grid line, for positioning with a printing device during grid line printing, so as to ensure printing accuracy.
In some examples, referring to fig. 5, in the solar cell grid line structure provided by the embodiment of the application, the middle position of the first surface can be left white, the grid line slurry is not filled, the cutting is convenient when the whole solar cell is sliced, if the grid line slurry is filled in the cutting position, the cutting effect is poor when the laser 10 is used for cutting, the fragmentation rate is high when the laser 10 power is high, and the cutting is not thorough when the laser 10 power is low. The cut half solar cells are connected, and the power of the assembly is higher.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a solar cell, which comprises the solar cell grid line structure described in the embodiment.
In the grid line structure of the solar cell, the formed first grid line is formed by carrying out laser grooving and laser transfer printing on the same equipment, so that the process flow is simplified, the consumption of grid line slurry is reduced, and the production cost of the solar cell is further reduced. The positional relationship between adjacent laser spots used in forming the first grid line can be tangential, separated or intersected, wherein when the positional relationship between adjacent laser spots used is separated or intersected, the distance between adjacent laser spots can be 0.5-50 μm so as to ensure that the formed first grid line has good contact and reduce damage to the solar cell substrate.
In order to verify the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the performance of the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the solar cell manufactured by adopting the conventional grid line structure and the manufacturing method thereof is respectively adopted on a conventional PERC (PassivatedEmitterandRearCell) cell, and as a comparison example, the solar cell manufactured by adopting the solar cell grid line structure and the manufacturing method thereof provided by the embodiment of the application is compared with the solar cell manufactured by adopting the solar cell grid line structure and the manufacturing method thereof as an embodiment, and the performance parameters obtained by performing related performance tests on the embodiment solar cell and the comparison example solar cell are shown in the following table 1. The number of solar cells tested in examples and comparative examples is the difference obtained by subtracting the value of comparative example from the value of example.
Table 1 comparison table of performance parameters of solar cells
As can be seen from table 1, in the performance test, after a lot of tests are performed, compared with the solar cell manufactured by adopting the conventional grid line structure and the manufacturing method in the prior art, the solar cell manufactured by adopting the solar cell grid line structure and the manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by 0.066%, the open circuit voltage is reduced by 0.0009V, the short circuit current is reduced by 0.003A, and the filling factor is increased by 0.36%, so that the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method and the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the application can improve the efficiency of the solar cell.
Fig. 8 is a graph of a case of a tensile force characterization before and after aging of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application, and a tensile force test is performed on the solar cell of the embodiment and the solar cell of the comparative example on a component end welding machine, respectively, to obtain the graph of fig. 8, wherein a numerical value above the graph of the case is an average tensile force value obtained by the test. As shown in fig. 8, after the test results of the examples and the comparative examples are plotted into a box diagram, it can be seen that the average tensile value of the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the application is larger, and the reject ratio before and after aging is smaller, which indicates that the welding performance of the solar cell provided by the application is better.
In summary, the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell provided by the application have the following beneficial effects:
according to the solar cell grid line structure, the manufacturing method thereof and the solar cell, when the grid line structure is formed on the solar cell substrate, the solar cell substrate is provided with the first surface and the second surface which are opposite, and the first grid line can be manufactured on the first surface of the solar cell substrate by using the same equipment, so that the process flow of manufacturing the solar cell grid line is simplified. Specifically, the first surface may be grooved by laser according to the pattern of the grid line carrier, the grid line pattern is scribed on the first surface, then the pattern of the grid line carrier is filled with the slurry, and then the slurry in the grid line carrier is transferred to the surface of the first surface of the solar cell by using the laser transfer technology again, so that the first grid line is formed on the first surface of the solar cell. Compared with the screen printing technology adopted in the prior art, the method utilizes the laser transfer printing technology to prepare the grid line on the surface of the solar cell, so that the steps of scribing, slotting and slurry transfer printing on the solar cell can be sequentially carried out on the same equipment, the process flow of preparing the grid line of the solar cell is simplified, and meanwhile, compared with the screen printing technology, the laser transfer printing technology adopted by the method can reduce the consumption of slurry, reduce the cost of manufacturing the grid line, and further reduce the production cost of the solar cell. In addition, when the laser is used for slotting or slurry filling, the position relationship between adjacent light spots of the laser can be tangential, separated or intersected, wherein when the position relationship between adjacent light spots of the laser is separated or intersected, the distance between the adjacent light spots can be 0.5-50 μm so as to ensure that formed grid lines have good contact and reduce damage to solar cell substrates; if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too small, the damage of the laser to the solar cell substrate is larger, and if the distance between the adjacent light spots is too large, the contact between the formed grid line and the solar cell substrate is poorer, so that the efficiency of the solar cell is affected.
While certain specific embodiments of the application have been described in detail by way of example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the application. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing a solar cell substrate, wherein the solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite;
printing an electrode on a first surface of the solar cell substrate and performing primary drying, wherein the temperature range of the primary drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the primary drying is 20-200 s;
preparing a first gate line on the first side using the same apparatus;
preparing a second gate line on the second surface;
wherein the preparing the first gate line on the first side using the same apparatus comprises:
laser grooving is carried out on the first surface by using laser equipment;
printing sizing agent on the surface of the first surface by utilizing a laser transfer printing technology;
the position relationship between adjacent light spots of the laser is that the adjacent light spots are separated, and the distance between the adjacent light spots is 0.5-50 mu m.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of performing laser grooving on the first surface by using a laser device, a spot width of the laser is in a range of 5 μm to 50 μm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the printing of the paste on the surface of the first surface using the laser transfer technique, the preparing the first grid line on the first surface using the same apparatus further comprises:
and (3) carrying out secondary drying on the slurry on the surface of the first surface, wherein the temperature range of the secondary drying is 50-300 ℃, and the time range of the secondary drying is 20-200 s.
4. A solar cell grid line structure manufactured by the manufacturing method of the solar cell grid line structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a solar cell substrate is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, and the solar cell grid line structure comprises a first grid line positioned on the first surface and a second grid line positioned on the second surface.
5. The solar cell grid line structure according to claim 4, wherein the first grid line comprises at least one main grid line and a plurality of thin grid lines, the main grid line comprising at least one first region; in the first area, at least five thin grid lines penetrate through the main grid lines, the solar cell grid line structure further comprises a plurality of anti-breaking grid lines, and each anti-breaking grid line is connected with two adjacent thin grid lines.
6. The solar cell grid line structure according to claim 5, wherein when the main grid line includes at least two first regions, a pitch between adjacent two first regions ranges from 13mm to 15mm.
7. The solar cell grid line structure according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the thin grid lines form a geometric pattern or a special-shaped pattern;
in the first region, each thin gate line penetrates through the main gate line along the extending direction of the corresponding thin gate line.
8. The solar cell grid line structure according to claim 7, wherein each of the thin grid lines penetrating the main grid line is perpendicular to the main grid line in the first region.
9. The solar cell grid line structure according to claim 7, wherein each of the thin grid lines is perpendicular to the main grid line.
10. A solar cell comprising the solar cell grid line structure of any one of claims 4 to 9.
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