CN115128112A - Experimental method for eliminating corrosion on surface of fracture of steel rail - Google Patents
Experimental method for eliminating corrosion on surface of fracture of steel rail Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种消除钢轨断口表面锈蚀的实验方法。The invention relates to an experimental method for eliminating surface corrosion of rail fractures.
背景技术Background technique
钢轨断口扫描电镜分析，作为一种分析钢轨断裂原因的常用检测方法，在钢轨研发过程中被广泛使用。例如钢轨母材落锤实验、钢轨焊缝落锤实验、钢轨裂纹扩展速率实验、以及钢轨断裂韧性实验等，都是反映钢轨质量的重要指标，通过扫描电镜对不同钢轨实验后断口形态进行深入的分析研究，从而可以判定其断裂原因，解决钢轨断裂问题，优化钢轨的成分，获得性能更优钢轨。SEM analysis of rail fractures, as a common detection method to analyze the causes of rail fractures, is widely used in the development of rails. For example, the drop weight test of the rail base metal, the drop weight test of the rail weld, the rail crack growth rate test, and the rail fracture toughness test are all important indicators to reflect the quality of the rail. Through scanning electron microscopy, the fracture morphology of the different rails after the test is in-depth. Through analysis and research, it is possible to determine the cause of its fracture, solve the problem of rail fracture, optimize the composition of the rail, and obtain a rail with better performance.
钢轨断口扫描电镜分析时需要对钢轨断口切割成较小试样，但由于切割的特殊性，切割后的试样特别容易生锈，有锈蚀的断口无法进行扫描电镜分析，所以在分析前要进行除锈工作，目前大部分除锈采用的物理方法是用沙纸打磨、喷砂法或清水刷洗，砂纸打磨会破坏断口形貌，影响分析结果。由于锈层附着在凹凸不平的断口表面，喷刷或用高压水冲洗不容易清洗干净，容易有残留的Fe2O3。通常采用的化学方法包括采用酸(如盐酸、柠檬酸等)+缓蚀剂(如卵磷脂悬浮液等)对断口进行浸泡等。但是，该方法容易破坏断口原始形貌，且需要严格的浸泡时间，浸泡过程中需要不停取出观察，效率较低，也不能达到良好的锈蚀层清除效果。因此本发明为消除断口锈层提供一种实验方法，能够快速去除断口锈层的同时不破坏断口形貌，解决了断口锈蚀难以去除的问题，降低了制样难度，加快了实验进程。In the SEM analysis of rail fractures, the rail fractures need to be cut into smaller samples, but due to the particularity of cutting, the samples after cutting are particularly prone to rust, and the rusted fractures cannot be analyzed by SEM, so before analysis For rust removal, most of the physical methods used for rust removal are sandpaper grinding, sandblasting or cleaning with water. Sandpaper grinding will destroy the fracture morphology and affect the analysis results. Because the rust layer is attached to the uneven fracture surface, it is not easy to clean by spraying or washing with high pressure water, and it is easy to have residual Fe 2 O 3 . The commonly used chemical methods include soaking the fracture with acid (such as hydrochloric acid, citric acid, etc.) + corrosion inhibitor (such as lecithin suspension, etc.). However, this method is easy to destroy the original morphology of the fracture, and requires a strict soaking time. During the soaking process, it needs to be taken out and observed continuously, and the efficiency is low, and it cannot achieve a good effect of removing the rust layer. Therefore, the present invention provides an experimental method for eliminating the fracture rust layer, which can quickly remove the fracture rust layer without destroying the fracture morphology, solves the problem that the fracture rust is difficult to remove, reduces the difficulty of sample preparation, and speeds up the experimental process.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种消除钢轨断口表面锈蚀的实验方法。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental method for eliminating the corrosion of the rail fracture surface.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
本发明一种消除钢轨断口表面锈蚀的实验方法，包括：The present invention is an experimental method for eliminating surface corrosion of rail fractures, comprising:
1).将盛有盐酸的烧杯放在酒精灯上加热至20℃；1). Put the beaker containing hydrochloric acid on the alcohol lamp and heat it to 20℃;
2).用毛刷蘸取加热好的盐酸对切好后锈蚀的试样进行轻微刷洗，即可迅速清除断口表面锈蚀；2). Dip the heated hydrochloric acid with a brush to lightly brush the rusted sample after cutting, and the rust on the fracture surface can be quickly removed;
3.将刷洗后的试样进行超声波清洗，防止表面的绣除尽后盐酸继续腐蚀断口基体；3. Perform ultrasonic cleaning on the brushed sample to prevent hydrochloric acid from continuing to corrode the fracture matrix after the surface embroidery is completely removed;
4.清洗后用吹风机吹干后，方可直接放入扫描电镜中进行断口分析。4. After cleaning and drying with a hair dryer, it can be directly placed in a scanning electron microscope for fracture analysis.
进一步的，所述盐酸的浓度为5-20％。Further, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 5-20%.
更进一步的，所述盐酸的浓度为10％。Further, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10%.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention:
本发明的方法简单，操作方便，能够有效且迅速清除断口表面锈蚀。The method of the invention is simple and convenient to operate, and can effectively and quickly remove the corrosion on the surface of the fracture.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图说明对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1为实施例1中刷洗前试样形貌；Fig. 1 is the sample morphology before brushing in Example 1;
图2为实施例1中刷洗后试样形貌。Figure 2 shows the morphology of the sample after brushing in Example 1.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
一种消除钢轨断口表面锈蚀的实验方法：An experimental method for eliminating surface corrosion of rail fractures:
1)准备材料1) Prepare materials
为了保证断口形貌的完整性，需准备一只软毛刷，10％浓度的盐酸、烧杯、酒精灯。In order to ensure the integrity of the fracture morphology, a soft brush, 10% concentration of hydrochloric acid, a beaker, and an alcohol lamp should be prepared.
2)实验方法2) Experimental method
1.将盛有10％浓度盐酸的烧杯放在酒精灯上加热至20℃左右，加热后的盐酸可以加速与锈层中Fe2O3发生反应，从而能快速将断口表面锈层去除(6HCl+Fe2O3＝2FeCl3+3H2O)，盐酸浓度不易过浓或过稀，因为浓度大的盐酸有强烈的挥发性而过稀的盐酸除锈速度会很慢。1. Put a beaker containing 10% hydrochloric acid on an alcohol lamp and heat it to about 20°C. The heated hydrochloric acid can accelerate the reaction with Fe 2 O 3 in the rust layer, so that the rust layer on the fracture surface can be quickly removed (6HCl). +Fe 2 O 3 =2FeCl 3 +3H 2 O), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is not easy to be too concentrated or too dilute, because the hydrochloric acid with high concentration has strong volatility and too dilute hydrochloric acid will have a very slow rust removal speed.
2.用毛刷蘸取加热好的盐酸对切好后锈蚀的试样进行轻微刷洗，即可迅速清除断口表面锈蚀，如图1、图2。不易将锈蚀试样放在烧杯中长时间浸泡，因为如果时间过长，盐酸会和铁反应：2HCl+Fe＝FeCl2+H2↑，会影响断口形貌。2. Use a brush dipped in heated hydrochloric acid to lightly scrub the corroded sample after cutting, and the corrosion on the surface of the fracture can be quickly removed, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. It is not easy to soak the rusted sample in a beaker for a long time, because if the time is too long, the hydrochloric acid will react with iron: 2HCl+Fe=FeCl 2 +H 2 ↑, which will affect the fracture morphology.
3.将刷洗后的试样进行超声波清洗，防止表面的绣除尽后盐酸继续腐蚀断口基体。3. Perform ultrasonic cleaning on the brushed sample to prevent hydrochloric acid from continuing to corrode the fracture matrix after the surface embroidery is completely removed.
4.清洗后用吹风机吹干后，方可直接放入扫描电镜中进行断口分析。4. After cleaning and drying with a hair dryer, it can be directly placed in a scanning electron microscope for fracture analysis.
实施例2Example 2
一种消除钢轨断口表面锈蚀的实验方法：An experimental method for eliminating surface corrosion of rail fractures:
1)准备材料1) Prepare materials
为了保证断口形貌的完整性，需准备一只软毛刷，10％浓度的盐酸、烧杯、酒精灯。In order to ensure the integrity of the fracture morphology, a soft brush, 10% concentration of hydrochloric acid, a beaker, and an alcohol lamp should be prepared.
2)实验方法2) Experimental method
1.将盛有8％浓度盐酸的烧杯放在酒精灯上加热至20℃左右，加热后的盐酸可以加速与锈层中Fe2O3发生反应，从而能快速将断口表面锈层去除(6HCl+Fe2O3＝2FeCl3+3H2O)，盐酸浓度不易过浓或过稀，因为浓度大的盐酸有强烈的挥发性而过稀的盐酸除锈速度会很慢。1. Put a beaker containing 8% hydrochloric acid on an alcohol lamp and heat it to about 20°C. The heated hydrochloric acid can accelerate the reaction with Fe 2 O 3 in the rust layer, so that the rust layer on the fracture surface can be quickly removed (6HCl). +Fe 2 O 3 =2FeCl 3 +3H 2 O), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is not easy to be too concentrated or too dilute, because the hydrochloric acid with high concentration has strong volatility and too dilute hydrochloric acid will have a very slow rust removal speed.
2.用毛刷蘸取加热好的盐酸对切好后锈蚀的试样进行轻微刷洗，即可迅速清除断口表面锈蚀。不易将锈蚀试样放在烧杯中长时间浸泡，因为如果时间过长，盐酸会和铁反应：2HCl+Fe＝FeCl2+H2↑，会影响断口形貌。2. Use a brush dipped in heated hydrochloric acid to lightly brush the rusted sample after cutting, and the rust on the fracture surface can be quickly removed. It is not easy to soak the rusted sample in a beaker for a long time, because if the time is too long, the hydrochloric acid will react with iron: 2HCl+Fe=FeCl 2 +H 2 ↑, which will affect the fracture morphology.
3.将刷洗后的试样进行超声波清洗，防止表面的绣除尽后盐酸继续腐蚀断口基体。3. Perform ultrasonic cleaning on the brushed sample to prevent the hydrochloric acid from continuing to corrode the fracture matrix after the surface embroidery is completely removed.
4.清洗后用吹风机吹干后，方可直接放入扫描电镜中进行断口分析。4. After cleaning and drying with a hair dryer, it can be directly placed in a scanning electron microscope for fracture analysis.
实施例3Example 3
一种消除钢轨断口表面锈蚀的实验方法：An experimental method for eliminating surface corrosion of rail fractures:
1)准备材料1) Prepare materials
为了保证断口形貌的完整性，需准备一只软毛刷，10％浓度的盐酸、烧杯、酒精灯。In order to ensure the integrity of the fracture morphology, a soft brush, 10% concentration of hydrochloric acid, a beaker, and an alcohol lamp should be prepared.
2)实验方法2) Experimental method
1.将盛有12％浓度盐酸的烧杯放在酒精灯上加热至20℃左右，加热后的盐酸可以加速与锈层中Fe2O3发生反应，从而能快速将断口表面锈层去除(6HCl+Fe2O3＝2FeCl3+3H2O)，盐酸浓度不易过浓或过稀，因为浓度大的盐酸有强烈的挥发性而过稀的盐酸除锈速度会很慢。1. Put a beaker containing 12% hydrochloric acid on an alcohol lamp and heat it to about 20°C. The heated hydrochloric acid can accelerate the reaction with Fe 2 O 3 in the rust layer, so that the rust layer on the fracture surface can be quickly removed (6HCl). +Fe 2 O 3 =2FeCl 3 +3H 2 O), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is not easy to be too concentrated or too dilute, because the hydrochloric acid with high concentration has strong volatility and too dilute hydrochloric acid will have a very slow rust removal speed.
2.用毛刷蘸取加热好的盐酸对切好后锈蚀的试样进行轻微刷洗，即可迅速清除断口表面锈蚀。不易将锈蚀试样放在烧杯中长时间浸泡，因为如果时间过长，盐酸会和铁反应：2HCl+Fe＝FeCl2+H2↑，会影响断口形貌。2. Use a brush dipped in heated hydrochloric acid to lightly brush the rusted sample after cutting, and the rust on the fracture surface can be quickly removed. It is not easy to soak the rusted sample in a beaker for a long time, because if the time is too long, the hydrochloric acid will react with iron: 2HCl+Fe=FeCl 2 +H 2 ↑, which will affect the fracture morphology.
3.将刷洗后的试样进行超声波清洗，防止表面的绣除尽后盐酸继续腐蚀断口基体。3. Perform ultrasonic cleaning on the brushed sample to prevent hydrochloric acid from continuing to corrode the fracture matrix after the surface embroidery is completely removed.
4.清洗后用吹风机吹干后，方可直接放入扫描电镜中进行断口分析。以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。4. After cleaning and drying with a hair dryer, it can be directly placed in a scanning electron microscope for fracture analysis. The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred mode of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can Variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN110344066A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | The cleaning agent of a kind of hull steel seawater corrosion fracture and with the cleaning agent cleaning method |
| CN112605039A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-06 | 富乐德科技发展（天津）有限公司 | Cleaning method for removing metal conductive film on surface of molybdenum material |
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