CN115127412A - Small-distance explosive-charging explosion-proof device in hard rock hole - Google Patents
Small-distance explosive-charging explosion-proof device in hard rock hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN115127412A CN115127412A CN202210847410.4A CN202210847410A CN115127412A CN 115127412 A CN115127412 A CN 115127412A CN 202210847410 A CN202210847410 A CN 202210847410A CN 115127412 A CN115127412 A CN 115127412A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a small-distance explosive loading and explosion-proof device in a hard rock hole, which comprises an explosion-proof body, wherein the upper end of the explosion-proof body is connected with an upper explosive loading shell, the lower end of the explosion-proof body is connected with a lower explosive loading shell, the explosion-proof body comprises a shell and at least two kinds of explosion-proof media arranged in the shell, the explosion-proof media are distributed along the length direction of a blast hole, at least one kind of explosion-proof media is a fluid medium, and the requirement of explosive loading and explosion-proof of small distance in the hard rock hole is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a small-space explosive-charging explosion-proof device in a hard rock hole, and belongs to the technical field of blasting excavation.
Background
The layered blasting is to arrange the multilayer powder charges in the hole, the rock at the hole part is crushed and thrown to form an inverted cone-shaped funnel pit after the upper layer powder charges explode, the second layer powder charges are positioned at the lower part of the pit bottom at a certain depth, and the crushed and thrown rock is formed in the V-shaped pit formed by the first layer powder charges after the explosion, so that the blasting excavation is realized in a layer-by-layer forming mode.
The Chinese patent with publication number 110186341A discloses a blasting device and a method for rapid forming of hard rock V-shaped pits, and an explosion suppression body is arranged between upper-layer explosive charge and lower-layer explosive charge to form interval detonation, the explosion suppression body adopts an annular expansion structure, and after the upper-layer explosive charge is detonated, the annular expansion body is expanded to block a blast hole, so that sympathetic explosion of the lower-layer explosive charge is prevented. The prior art has good blasting effect of high-detonation-velocity explosive by using a hole inner layered explosive-charging undermining method, and is widely applied, but when the tunnel tunneling blasting undermining construction is carried out in the existing flame-proof mode, the harder the peripheral rock is, the higher the detonation velocity of the high-detonation-velocity explosive is, after the upper explosive is detonated, the lower explosive is detonated easily by an unequal expansion body, and the flame-proof effect is difficult to realize.
Firstly, the explosion-proof difficulty is mainly embodied in the space where the explosion-proof is located, when the explosion-proof is located in a softer blast hole, the explosion-proof is relatively easy, explosion products easily invade the hole wall of the blast hole, and when the explosion-proof is difficult in the blast hole under hard rocks, the explosion products can move along the length direction of the blast hole along the hole wall and induce sympathetic explosion of later-level charge; secondly, it is very difficult to carry out the flame proof to high detonation velocity explosive, high detonation velocity explosive blasting result speed is high, induce sympathetic explosion more easily, especially when shallow hard rock excavates, after the dose of superior explosive charge and subordinate explosive charge is confirmed, the interval between superior explosive charge and subordinate explosive charge is fixed, can just be shorter interval, if increase the flame proof interval, then under limited big gun hole length, the dose is not enough, can't explode, prior art under the flame proof requirement condition of short interval, does not have the flame proof and sets up. Therefore, in this case, it is important to develop a flame-proof device with a small distance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides the explosive-proof device for charging hard rock in the hole at small intervals, and improves the explosive-proof effect in the blasting excavation process of the hard rock.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the explosion-proof device for charging explosive in hard rock hole at small interval comprises an explosion-proof body, wherein the upper end of the explosion-proof body is connected with an upper explosive-charging shell, the lower end of the explosion-proof body is connected with a lower explosive-charging shell,
the explosion-proof body comprises a shell and at least two kinds of explosion-proof media arranged in the shell, the explosion-proof media are distributed along the length direction of the blast hole, at least one kind of explosion-proof media is a fluid medium, and the explosion-proof requirement of small-distance explosive charging in the hole is met.
Furthermore, the explosion-proof medium comprises a fluid medium, a hole dredging structure and a polyurethane structure which are sequentially arranged, the fluid medium comprises a dry sand structure, and the dry sand structure is close to the upper explosive loading shell.
Further, the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the sparse pore structure and the polyurethane structure to the length of the dry sand structure is 1: 3.
Further, the particle size range of the dry sand structure is 0.25mm-0.5 mm.
Further, the open-cell structure comprises foamed aluminum.
Furthermore, the explosion suppression body also comprises an explosion wire which is connected to the fluid medium and is used for exploding the shell so that the fluid medium is filled in a gap between the explosion suppression body and the inner wall of the blast hole.
Furthermore, the detonating cord is arranged inside the dry sand structure through a sleeve which is pre-bent and attached to the inner wall of the shell, the sleeve is led out to the outside of the shell through a guide pipe, an air medium is manufactured by utilizing the fluid property of sandy soil, a gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall can be effectively filled on the basis of weakening the blast shock wave, and the explosion-proof effect is improved.
Further, the bottom of the shell is provided with a rubber ring, and the outer diameter of the rubber ring is larger than the inner diameter of the blast hole and used for preventing the fluid medium from continuously flowing downwards.
Furthermore, metal connecting covers are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the shell, the upper medicine charging shell and the lower medicine charging shell are detachably connected to the metal connecting covers, and a metal connecting rod is arranged between the two metal connecting covers.
Further, the hardness of upper portion powder charge shell and shell is less than the hardness of lower part powder charge shell, upper portion powder charge shell is the PVC material, lower part powder charge shell is the metal material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the dry sand structure, the porous structure of the foamed aluminum and the polyurethane structure are compounded into the explosion-proof body, so that the explosion-proof requirement of small-distance charging in the hole can be met, the lower charging can not be induced to explode at the moment of upper charging explosion, and the effect of small-distance combined blasting of the upper charging and the lower charging is realized;
the upper explosive loading shell and the lower explosive loading shell are detachably connected to the metal connecting cover, so that the carrying is facilitated;
the explosion-proof body is internally provided with the detonating cord, and the air medium can be manufactured by utilizing the fluid property of sandy soil, and the gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall can be effectively filled on the basis of weakening the explosion shock wave, so that the explosion-proof effect is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an explosion suppression body between an upper layer charge and a lower layer charge in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the explosion suppression body after charging according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an explosion suppression body shown in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an explosion-proof body shown in the embodiment of the invention;
in fig. 5, a is a graph of displacement of the aluminum foam material versus time, and b is a graph of velocity of the aluminum foam material versus time;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the blasting test of the foamed aluminum according to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a first digital electronic detonator; 2. a second digital electronic detonator; 3. a third digital electronic detonator; 5. an upper drug loading shell; 6. charging the upper part; 7. an upper metal connection cap; 8. a conduit; 9. a detonating cord; 10. a dry sand structure; 11. a sleeve; 12. a metal connecting rod; 13. a sparse pore structure; 14. a housing; 15. a polyurethane structure; 16. a lower metal connection cap; 17. a rubber ring; 18. a lower medicine-loading shell; 19. charging at the lower part; 100. and (5) blast holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The explosion of hard rock hole can not ensure the explosion-proof effect because the medium has higher wave impedance than air in the sealed medium and can clamp the detonation product and shock wave generated by charging, so that the detonation product and shock wave can be propagated in the form of plane wave instead of spherical wave in the propagation process, and the detonation product and shock wave have obvious directivity and can be propagated mainly towards the direction of the later-stage charging. The directivity is smaller than the reduction rate of the pressure and the density of the spherical wave array, and the loss energy is relatively small; meanwhile, strong reflection shock waves are formed around the hole wall during propagation, pressure and energy are converged towards the axial direction of the hole and are propagated up and down towards the blast hole, the possibility of post-stage explosive charging after induced explosion is increased, more uncertain factors are increased for realizing explosion suppression, and the difficulty of explosion suppression is increased.
After the main charge is exploded, its explosive effect includes: air shock waves, blast product streams, high temperature of blast fields, high velocity fragments and other airborne matter, and the like. These factors can act on the ammunition within certain limits to cause sympathetic explosion of the ammunition. The energy forms generated by the explosion of the preceding-stage medicine are mutually linked and restricted, and the causes of sympathetic explosion can be different for various specific systems of the preceding-stage medicine and the subsequent-stage medicine, so that the analysis of the causes of sympathetic explosion is difficult.
Combine figure 1 to show, when shallow hole blasting excavation rock, through the layering powder charge about setting up in big gun hole 100 as shown in the figure, reach the effect of quick excavation, but only set up upper portion powder charge 6 and lower part powder charge 19, two-layer powder charge structure distance is nearer, in shorter length, explosion-proof demand in the big gun hole is hardly satisfied to single flame proof material.
Referring to fig. 2, the explosion-proof device for charging hard rock with small space in hole mainly comprises an upper explosive-charging shell 5, an explosion-proof body and a lower explosive-charging shell 18, wherein the upper explosive-charging shell 5 comprises a cavity for accommodating an upper explosive 6, the lower explosive-charging shell 18 comprises a cavity for accommodating a lower explosive 19, and the explosion-proof body is connected between the upper explosive-charging shell 5 and the lower explosive-charging shell 18.
In the drilling blasting operation, the coupling between the rock blasting device and the blast hole 100 is bound to have a gap, and through numerical simulation and software calculation, the attenuation rate of the explosion shock wave is reduced when the explosion shock wave propagates in the wall gap of 0.01-0.1mm, and the smaller the gap is, the smaller the attenuation of the explosion shock wave is.
The explosion-proof body comprises a shell 14 and at least two explosion-proof media arranged in the shell 14, wherein the two explosion-proof media are distributed along the length direction of the blast hole 100, at least one explosion-proof medium is a fluid medium, and a gap is filled by the fluid medium during explosion, so that explosion shock waves are effectively prevented from being directly transmitted to the lower part through the gap of the barrel wall to induce the explosion of the lower part by charging.
It is further practicable that the fluid medium can be filled into the gap between the casing 14 and the blast hole 100 after the casing 14 is crushed, preferably the gap is filled, while the fluid medium radially blocks the blast wave by performing a multistage function of blocking the blast wave.
The explosion-proof medium provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a dry sand structure 10, a hole dredging structure 13 and a polyurethane structure 15 which are sequentially arranged in a shell 14, wherein the dry sand structure 10 is close to the upper explosive 6. The ratio of the sum of the lengths of the dry sand structure 10 and the sparse pore structure 13 to the length of the polyurethane structure 15 is 3: 1.
The sparse pore structure 10 is foamed aluminum or a structure comprising foamed aluminum, the foamed aluminum is a porous material with a plurality of excellent physical and mechanical properties, and the sparse pore structure takes aluminum or aluminum alloy as a matrix, contains a large number of pores, and has the characteristics of light weight and high specific strength.
The detonation waves and detonation products downwards act on the dry sand structure 10 at the top of the foamed aluminum to compress the middle cylindrical foamed aluminum, and the blast holes 100 are blocked due to the deformation of the dry sand structure 10 and the foamed aluminum, so that the downward movement resistance of the detonation waves and the detonation products is increased, and the effective blocking and explosion-proof effects are realized even if the high-temperature and high-pressure detonation products cannot flow downwards.
In another embodiment, the invention also provides a test for the explosion-proof performance of the foamed aluminum, and fig. 6 shows an effect diagram of a foamed aluminum explosion test, in this embodiment, the lengths of the dry sand structure 10, the sparse pore structure 13 and the polyurethane structure 15 are respectively 15cm, 3cm and 2cm, and the particle size of the dry sand structure is 0.25mm-0.5 mm.
During specific operation, a nylon material is placed on the upper portion of the foamed aluminum, the explosive is simulated, after the explosive on the upper portion of the foamed aluminum is simulated to explode, detonation waves and detonation products act on the wall of the shot hole, the diameter of the shot hole is increased by 100, the detonation products are ejected upwards from air openings, the detonation waves and the detonation products act downwards on a Q235 steel supporting piece at the top of the foamed aluminum, the middle cylindrical foamed aluminum is compressed, the shot hole is blocked due to deformation of the steel supporting piece and the foamed aluminum, the resistance of downward movement of the shot hole is increased, the high-temperature and high-pressure detonation products cannot flow downwards, and blocking and explosion suppression are effectively performed. The compression amount of the explosion-proof foamed aluminum is further reduced, and the compression degree of the metal cartridge at the lower part and the nylon material (simulation explosive) arranged in the metal cartridge is greatly reduced.
The method comprises the steps of sequentially selecting units with 5 characteristic positions from top to bottom along the central axis of cylindrical foamed aluminum, tracking displacement and speed information of materials in the units, and drawing time-course curves as shown in fig. 5a and 5 b. As can be seen from the figure, the foam aluminum is compressed to the limit when t =1400 μ s, and then the displacement is slightly reduced due to the structural rebound; the initial length of the aluminum foam cylinder was 18cm, the final length after compression was 4.1cm, and the compression rate was about 77%. The top aluminum foam material had a maximum compressive deformation velocity of 333m/s, and the 5 feature locations exhibited distinct plateau regions with plateau region velocities of about 235 m/s. the rate of compressive deformation of the foam aluminum rapidly decreases after t =550 μ s, and approaches zero at the time t =1400 μ s.
The polyurethane structure 15 is a high-elasticity structure and plays a role in buffering and absorbing energy.
The hardness of the lower explosive-loading shell 18 is higher than that of the upper explosive-loading shell 5 and the shell 14, so that a better explosion-proof effect is achieved in an auxiliary manner.
And the explosion-proof body is also internally provided with an explosion-proof cable 9, and the explosion-proof cable 9 is connected into the dry sand structure 10 and is used for exploding the shell 14, so that the dry sand structure 10 is conveniently filled into a gap between the explosion-proof body and the inner wall of the blast hole 100.
In order to avoid the influence on the charging of the upper part and the lower part when the detonating fuse 9 explodes, the detonating fuse 9 selects a flexible detonating fuse, and the charging amount of the detonating fuse is far smaller than that of a common detonating fuse.
In the particular embodiment, the detonating cord 9 is disposed within the dry sand structure 10 through a sleeve 11, the sleeve 11 being pre-bent against the inner wall of the housing 14 and exiting the housing 14 through the end cap through the conduit 8. The conduit 8 is located in the middle of the dry sand structure 10. After the detonating cord 9 is detonated, the outer shell 14 is exploded, the internal dry sand structure 10 flows downwards to fill and block a gap between the outer shell 14 and the blast hole 100, so that the downward propagation of shock waves during the explosion of the upper explosive charge 6 is prevented or weakened, and meanwhile, the power of the explosive is further weakened by the polyurethane structure 15 at the tail end under the wave-absorbing effect of the hole-dispersing structure 10, so that a better explosion-proof effect is generated.
The joint of the lower explosive loading shell 18 and the bottom of the outer shell 14 is provided with a rubber ring 17, the outer diameter of the rubber ring 17 is larger than the inner diameter of the blast hole and is tightly attached to the inner wall of the blast hole, and the rubber ring is used for preventing the fluid medium from continuously flowing downwards.
The rubber ring 17 mainly has the functions of sealing the gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall, fixing the position of the rock blasting device in the blast hole, and reducing the explosion-proof effect of fine sand grains due to the fact that excessive fine sand grains leak to the bottom of the blast hole when the fine sand grains leak.
Upper portion powder charge shell 5 is the PVC material, and lower part powder charge shell 18 is the metal material, and lower part powder charge shell 18 adopts metal casing, improves lower part powder charge 19's compressive property, prevents that the pressure that upper portion powder charge 6 produced from destroying the loaded charge structure of upper portion powder charge 6, and metal casing wave impedance is higher simultaneously, can further weaken the blast shock wave.
After the upper explosive 6 is exploded, the first digital detonator 1 firstly detonates the detonating cord 9 with relatively low power, the detonating cord 9 explodes the shell 14, the dry sand structure 10 flows downwards to fill and block a gap between the shell 14 and the blast hole 100, so that the downward propagation of shock waves during the explosion of the upper explosive 18 is prevented or weakened, and simultaneously, the power of the explosive is further weakened by the polyurethane structure 15 at the tail end under the action of the dredging hole structure 13, and a better explosion-proof effect is generated.
In the embodiment of the invention, the explosion-proof medium adopts a multi-layer and composite structure, the explosion-proof material mainly comprises a dry sand structure 10, a sparse hole structure 13 made of foamed aluminum and a polyurethane structure 15, wherein the length of the dry sand structure 10 is 15cm, the length of the foamed aluminum is 3cm, and the length of the polyurethane is 2cm, when the detonating cord 9 explodes, the dry sand structure 10 in the shell 14 flows out to fill a gap between the shell 14 and a blast hole, the height of fine sand particles is reduced to form a cylindrical grain column with the diameter of 70mm and the height of 9.26cm, an air interval with the diameter of 70mm and the height of 5.74cm is arranged above the dry sand structure 10, so that four layers of explosion-proof bodies of 5.74cm air, 9.26cm fine sand, 3cm foamed aluminum and 2cm polyurethane are formed, and the wave impedance difference between two adjacent mediums is large, so that the explosion shock wave can be better weakened.
It is practicable that the upper end of the outer case 14 is provided with an upper metal connection cap 7, the lower end is provided with a lower metal connection cap 16, and the upper and lower medicine-charging cases 5 and 18 are detachably connected to the upper and lower metal connection caps 7 and 16, respectively. A plurality of metal connecting rods 12 are fixedly arranged between the upper metal connecting cover 7 and the lower metal connecting cover 16. The upper explosive 6 and the lower explosive 19 are ensured to be stabilized at a certain distance and not to be close to each other, especially when the height of the dry sand structure 10 is reduced, the upper explosive 6 is supported, the interval between the upper explosive 6 and the lower explosive 19 is not reduced, and the explosion-proof effect of the explosion-proof body is weakened.
The shell 14 is made of engineering plastics, can ensure that the structure is stable, cannot be suddenly damaged in transportation and filling, has easy blasting performance, is broken under the action of the detonating cord 9, and ensures that the dry sand structure 10 is quickly leaked.
In the specific implementation process, the first digital electronic detonator 1 in the explosion-proof body is detonated firstly, the detonating cord 9 is detonated after the delay of 50 seconds by the first digital electronic detonator, the shell 14 of the explosion-proof body is damaged after the detonating cord 9 is exploded, the dry sand structure 10 in the explosion-proof body flows, and the gap between the rest explosion-proof body and the blast hole 100 is filled; the second digital electronic detonator 2 in the upper charge is detonated after 60 seconds of delay, and the upper surrounding rock is thrown out to form a first free face; after the upper explosive 6 is detonated, the upper explosive is clipped by the dry sand structure 10 and the sparse hole structure 13 and is hindered by the polyurethane structure 15, the attenuated detonation continues to propagate downwards, and meanwhile, the flowing dry sand structure 10 further plugs the gap between the lower explosive and the blast hole, so that the downward transmission of detonation energy is hindered, and the propagation of detonation is further weakened; until the lower part is not induced to explode. And (3) after 60.08-second delay, detonating the third digital electronic detonator 3 loaded with powder at the lower part, and throwing the blank surface formed at the 1 st time upwards again to enlarge the diameter and the depth of the blasting funnel pit, and slightly cleaning the blasting funnel pit.
By combining the above embodiment, the composite explosion-proof body provided with the dry sand structure 10, the sparse hole structure 13 and the polyurethane structure 15 can meet the explosion-proof requirement of the rock blasting device, ensure that the upper charging 6 cannot induce the lower charging 18 to explode at the moment of explosion, realize the effect of combined blasting of the upper charging and the lower charging, and the explosion-proof body, the upper charging 6 and the lower charging 18 are detachably connected, thereby being beneficial to carrying and assembling; the explosion-proof body is internally provided with the detonating cord 9, and the air medium is manufactured by utilizing the fluid property of sandy soil, so that the gap between the rock blasting device and the hole wall can be effectively filled on the basis of weakening the explosion shock wave, and the explosion-proof effect is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The small-space explosive-charging explosion-proof device in the hard rock hole is characterized by comprising an explosion-proof body, wherein the upper end of the explosion-proof body is connected with an upper explosive-charging shell, the lower end of the explosion-proof body is connected with a lower explosive-charging shell,
the explosion-proof body comprises a shell and at least two kinds of explosion-proof media arranged in the shell, the explosion-proof media are distributed along the length direction of the blast hole, and at least one kind of explosion-proof media is a fluid medium.
2. The hard rock hole small-space explosive-charging explosion suppression device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the explosion suppression medium comprises a fluid medium, a hole dredging structure and a polyurethane structure which are sequentially arranged, the fluid medium comprises a dry sand structure, and the dry sand structure is close to the upper explosive-charging shell.
3. The hard rock hole small-distance explosive-charging explosion-proof device according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the hole dredging structure and the polyurethane structure to the length of the dry sand structure is 1: 3.
4. The hard rock in-hole small-space-charge explosion suppression device according to claim 2, wherein the particle size range of the dry sand structure is 0.25mm-0.5 mm.
5. The hard rock in-hole small-spacing explosive-charging explosion-proof device according to claim 2, wherein the hole-dredging structure comprises foamed aluminum.
6. The hard rock borehole small-spacing charge explosion suppression device according to claim 2, wherein the explosion suppression body further comprises a detonating cord, and the detonating cord is connected to a fluid medium.
7. The hard rock hole small-distance explosive-charging explosion suppression device according to claim 6, wherein the detonating cord is arranged inside the dry sand structure through a sleeve which is pre-bent and attached to the inner wall of the shell, and the sleeve is led out to the outside of the shell through a guide pipe.
8. The hard rock in-hole small-distance explosive-charging explosion-proof device according to claim 1, characterized in that a rubber ring is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the outer diameter of the rubber ring is larger than the inner diameter of a blast hole.
9. The hard rock in-hole small-space explosive-charging explosion-proof device as claimed in claim 1, wherein metal connecting covers are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the shell, the upper explosive-charging shell and the lower explosive-charging shell are detachably connected to the metal connecting covers, and a metal connecting rod is arranged between the two metal connecting covers.
10. The hard rock in-hole small-spacing explosive-charging explosion-proof device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardness of the upper explosive-charging shell and the outer shell is lower than that of the lower explosive-charging shell, the upper explosive-charging shell is made of PVC material, and the lower explosive-charging shell is made of metal material.
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