CN115127193B - Zero and live wire wiring looseness detection method and system and air conditioner outdoor unit - Google Patents

Zero and live wire wiring looseness detection method and system and air conditioner outdoor unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115127193B
CN115127193B CN202210797353.3A CN202210797353A CN115127193B CN 115127193 B CN115127193 B CN 115127193B CN 202210797353 A CN202210797353 A CN 202210797353A CN 115127193 B CN115127193 B CN 115127193B
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zero
live wire
threshold value
frequency
peak value
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CN115127193A (en
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蒋润泽
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Aux Air Conditioning Co Ltd
Ningbo Aux Electric Co Ltd
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Aux Air Conditioning Co Ltd
Ningbo Aux Electric Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/38Failure diagnosis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/88Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a method and a system for detecting loose zero and live wire connection, and an air conditioner outdoor unit, wherein the method for detecting loose zero and live wire connection comprises the following steps: the air conditioner operates; acquiring zero live wire input current; acquiring the temperature of a connecting terminal under the condition that the peak value of the zero-live wire input current meets a first preset condition; judging whether the zero and live wire connection is loose according to the temperature of the connecting terminal. The application solves the technical problem of loose zero-live wire connection at the connecting terminal of the outdoor unit.

Description

Zero and live wire wiring looseness detection method and system and air conditioner outdoor unit
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of air conditioner fault detection, in particular to a detection method and system for looseness of zero-live wire wiring and an air conditioner outdoor unit.
Background
The working environment where the air conditioner outdoor unit is located is severe, the installation environment is poor, zero-live wire wiring looseness can possibly occur when the unit is installed or under the long-term working condition, poor contact of the inlet wire end of the air conditioner is caused, high-voltage high-current electric arcs are generated when the air conditioner is electrified to run, frequent overcurrent protection of the controller is caused to influence the use of a user, the controller is burnt down due to heavy weight, and the wiring terminals are on fire, so that property loss of the user is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of loose zero and fire wire connection at the connecting terminal of the outdoor unit, the application provides a method for detecting the loose zero and fire wire connection, which comprises the following steps: the air conditioner operates; acquiring zero live wire input current; acquiring the temperature of a connecting terminal under the condition that the peak value of the zero-live wire input current meets a first preset condition; judging whether the zero and live wire connection is loose according to the temperature of the connecting terminal.
The technical effect achieved after the technical scheme is adopted is as follows: the reasons for generating abnormal currents can be accurately identified by collecting the temperature of the connecting terminal and the running state of zero and live wire input currents, so that the reasons for the problems of users and after-sale checks are facilitated, and the running reliability of the air conditioner is improved. Specifically, whether abnormal current is generated or not can be judged according to the peak value of the zero-live wire input current, and whether the zero-live wire input current is abnormal or not is caused by loosening of zero-live wire wiring at the wiring terminal can be judged according to the temperature of the wiring terminal.
In this embodiment, the first preset condition includes: the frequency at which the peak value of the zero line input current is greater than the peak value threshold value is greater than the frequency threshold value.
The technical effect achieved after the technical scheme is adopted is as follows: and if the frequency of the peak value of the zero live wire input current is larger than the frequency threshold value, indicating that the current zero live wire input current has abnormal fluctuation.
In this embodiment, the peak threshold includes a first frequency threshold and a second frequency threshold; the first preset condition includes: the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, and the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is smaller than the second frequency threshold value; wherein the first frequency threshold is less than the second frequency threshold.
The technical effect achieved after the technical scheme is adopted is as follows: when a short circuit occurs in the controller, the peak value of the zero-live input current may occur at a frequency greater than the peak threshold value a plurality of times in a short time. If the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, the frequency of the current zero-live wire input current fluctuation exceeds the frequency of the power grid normal fluctuation, so that the current zero-live wire input current is judged to be abnormal, fault detection is needed, and the relation between the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value and the second frequency threshold value is detected. If the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and smaller than the second frequency threshold value, the abnormal fluctuation of the zero-live wire input current is not caused by internal short circuit of the controller, and the terminal temperature is detected.
In this embodiment, if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current greater than the peak value threshold value is smaller than the first frequency threshold value, the power grid fluctuation is determined.
The technical effect achieved after the technical scheme is adopted is as follows: it should be noted that when the power grid fluctuates, the situation that the peak value of the zero live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value may occur, but the frequency of occurrence does not exceed the first frequency threshold value. Therefore, if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and smaller than the first frequency threshold value, the condition that the peak value of the current zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value is indicated to be power grid fluctuation, and no action is needed.
In this embodiment, if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current greater than the peak value threshold is greater than or equal to the first frequency threshold, it is determined whether the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current greater than the peak value threshold is greater than or equal to the second frequency threshold, if yes, it is determined that a short circuit occurs inside the controller, and overcurrent protection is output.
The technical effect achieved after the technical scheme is adopted is as follows: if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, the frequency of the current zero-live wire input current fluctuation exceeds the frequency of the power grid normal fluctuation, so that the current zero-live wire input current is judged to be abnormal, and the fault checking is needed. According to the magnitude relation between the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value and the second frequency threshold value, whether the abnormal fluctuation of the current zero-live wire input current is caused by the internal short circuit of the controller can be judged. If the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and is larger than or equal to the second frequency threshold value, the frequency of the large current peak of the current zero-live wire input current is high, so that the reason of abnormal fluctuation of the current zero-live wire input current is judged to be internal short circuit of the controller, overcurrent protection is output, and a user is reminded to contact after-sale fault problems.
In this embodiment, whether the loose connection of the zero line and the live line occurs is judged according to the magnitude relation between the temperature of the connecting terminal and the terminal temperature threshold; and if the temperature of the wiring terminal is greater than or equal to the terminal temperature threshold, judging that the wiring is loose, and controlling the air conditioner to stop.
The technical effect achieved after the technical scheme is adopted is as follows: when the zero-live wire connection is loose at the connection terminal of the air conditioner outdoor unit, the problem of poor contact at the connection terminal of the air conditioner is caused, high-voltage high-current arc is generated when the air conditioner is electrified and operated, and the temperature at the connection terminal is abnormally increased. If the temperature of the wiring terminal is greater than or equal to the terminal temperature threshold, the electric arc appears at the wiring terminal, so that the loosening of the wiring is judged, and the air conditioner is controlled to stop.
In this embodiment, if the terminal temperature is less than the terminal temperature threshold, it is determined that the power grid fluctuates.
The technical effect achieved after the technical scheme is adopted is as follows: if the temperature of the wiring terminal is smaller than the terminal temperature threshold, the temperature at the wiring terminal is normal, so that the power grid fluctuation is judged, and the operation can be continued.
The embodiment of the application provides a detection system for loose zero-live wire connection, which executes the detection method for loose zero-live wire connection in any embodiment.
The embodiment of the application provides an air conditioner outdoor unit, which comprises: the control module is used for controlling the operation of the air conditioner; the first acquisition module is used for acquiring zero live wire input current; the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature of the wiring terminal under the condition that the peak value of the zero-live wire input current meets a first preset condition; and the judging module is used for judging whether the zero and live wire connection looseness occurs according to the temperature of the connecting terminal.
The embodiment of the application provides an air conditioner outdoor unit, which comprises: a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program and a packaged IC, the computer program, when read and run by the packaged IC, the air conditioner outdoor unit performs the method for detecting loose zero-live wire wiring as described in any one of the preceding claims.
In summary, the foregoing embodiments of the present application may have one or more of the following advantages or benefits:
(1) The reasons for generating abnormal currents can be accurately identified by collecting the temperature of the connecting terminal and the running state of zero and live wire input currents, so that the reasons for the problems of users and after-sale checks are facilitated, and the running reliability of the air conditioner is improved. Specifically, whether abnormal current is generated or not can be judged according to the peak value of the zero-live wire input current, and whether the zero-live wire input current is abnormal or not is caused by loosening of zero-live wire wiring at the wiring terminal can be judged according to the temperature of the wiring terminal.
(2) When a short circuit occurs inside the controller, the peak value of the zero line input current may occur at a frequency greater than the peak threshold value a plurality of times in a short time. If the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, the frequency of the current zero-live wire input current fluctuation exceeds the frequency of the power grid normal fluctuation, so that the current zero-live wire input current is judged to be abnormal, fault detection is needed, and the relation between the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value and the second frequency threshold value is detected. If the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and smaller than the second frequency threshold value, the abnormal fluctuation of the zero-live wire input current is not caused by internal short circuit of the controller, and the terminal temperature is detected.
(3) When the zero-live wire connection is loose at the connection terminal of the air conditioner outdoor unit, the problem of poor contact at the connection terminal of the air conditioner is caused, high-voltage high-current arc is generated when the air conditioner is electrified and operated, and the temperature at the connection terminal is abnormally increased. If the temperature of the wiring terminal is greater than or equal to the terminal temperature threshold, the electric arc appears at the wiring terminal, so that the loosening of the wiring is judged, and the air conditioner is controlled to stop.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting looseness of a live wire connection.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method of loose zero and live wire connection.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a detection system for loose zero-line wiring.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
[ first embodiment ]
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for detecting loosening of a live wire connection according to a first embodiment of the present application is shown. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method for detecting the loosening of the live wire connection includes the following steps: the air conditioner operates; acquiring zero live wire input current; acquiring the temperature of a connecting terminal under the condition that the peak value of the zero-live wire input current meets a first preset condition; judging whether the zero and live wire connection is loose according to the temperature of the connecting terminal.
It can be understood that the reasons for generating abnormal current can be accurately identified by collecting the temperature of the connecting terminal and the running state of the zero live wire input current, so that the reasons for the after-sale check problem can be facilitated for users, and the running reliability of the air conditioner is improved. Specifically, whether abnormal current is generated or not can be judged according to the peak value of the zero-live wire input current, and whether the zero-live wire input current is abnormal or not is caused by loosening of zero-live wire wiring at the wiring terminal can be judged according to the temperature of the wiring terminal.
Further, the first preset condition includes: the frequency at which the peak value of the zero line input current is greater than the peak value threshold value is greater than the frequency threshold value.
It will be appreciated that if the frequency at which the peak value of the zero line input current is greater than the peak value threshold is greater than the frequency threshold, then this indicates that an abnormal ripple is present in the present zero line input current.
Further, the peak threshold includes a first frequency threshold and a second frequency threshold; the first preset condition includes: the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, and the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is smaller than the second frequency threshold value; wherein the first frequency threshold is less than the second frequency threshold.
When a short circuit occurs in the controller, the peak value of the zero-live input current may occur at a frequency greater than the peak threshold value a plurality of times in a short time.
In a specific embodiment, if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is greater than or equal to the first frequency threshold, the frequency of the current zero-live wire input current fluctuation exceeds the frequency of the power grid normal fluctuation, so that the current zero-live wire input current is judged to be abnormal, fault detection is needed, and the relation between the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current greater than the peak value threshold and the second frequency threshold is detected. If the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and smaller than the second frequency threshold value, the abnormal fluctuation of the zero-live wire input current is not caused by internal short circuit of the controller, and the terminal temperature is detected.
For example, the first frequency threshold is a phenomenon that the peak value of 5 times of zero live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold in one minute; the second frequency threshold is a phenomenon that the peak value of 5 times of zero live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value within 3 ms.
Further, if the frequency of the peak value of the zero live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is smaller than the first frequency threshold value, the power grid fluctuation is judged.
It should be noted that when the power grid fluctuates, the situation that the peak value of the zero live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value may occur, but the frequency of occurrence does not exceed the first frequency threshold value. Therefore, if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and smaller than the first frequency threshold value, the condition that the peak value of the current zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value is indicated to be power grid fluctuation, and no action is needed.
Further, if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current greater than the peak value threshold value is greater than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, judging whether the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current greater than the peak value threshold value is greater than or equal to the second frequency threshold value, if so, judging that a short circuit occurs in the controller, and outputting overcurrent protection.
It can be understood that if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current greater than the peak value threshold value is greater than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, the frequency of the current zero-live wire input current fluctuation exceeds the frequency of the power grid normal fluctuation, so that the current zero-live wire input current is judged to be abnormal, and the fault detection is needed. According to the magnitude relation between the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value and the second frequency threshold value, whether the abnormal fluctuation of the current zero-live wire input current is caused by the internal short circuit of the controller can be judged. If the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current is larger than the peak value threshold value and is larger than or equal to the second frequency threshold value, the frequency of the large current peak of the current zero-live wire input current is high, so that the reason of abnormal fluctuation of the current zero-live wire input current is judged to be internal short circuit of the controller, overcurrent protection is output, and a user is reminded to contact after-sale fault problems.
Further, judging whether the zero-live wire connection looseness occurs according to the magnitude relation between the temperature of the connecting terminal and the terminal temperature threshold value; and if the temperature of the wiring terminal is greater than or equal to the terminal temperature threshold, judging that the wiring is loose, and controlling the air conditioner to stop.
When the zero-live wire connection is loose at the connection terminal of the air conditioner outdoor unit, the problem of poor contact at the connection terminal of the air conditioner is caused, high-voltage high-current arc is generated when the air conditioner is electrified and operated, and the temperature at the connection terminal is abnormally increased. If the temperature of the wiring terminal is greater than or equal to the terminal temperature threshold, the electric arc appears at the wiring terminal, so that the loosening of the wiring is judged, and the air conditioner is controlled to stop.
Further, if the temperature of the wiring terminal is smaller than the terminal temperature threshold value, the power grid fluctuation is judged.
It is understood that if the temperature of the connection terminal is less than the terminal temperature threshold, the temperature at the connection terminal is normal, so that the power grid fluctuation is determined, and the operation can be continued.
[ second embodiment ]
The second embodiment of the application provides a detection system for loose zero-live wire connection. The detecting system for loosening the zero and live wire connection is characterized in that a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the connecting terminal is arranged at the connecting terminal of the outdoor unit. The detection system for loosening the live wire connection performs the detection method for loosening the live wire connection according to the first embodiment, and can achieve the same effect, and in order to avoid repetition, the description is omitted here.
[ third embodiment ]
The third embodiment of the application provides an outdoor unit of an air conditioner. Referring to fig. 3, the air conditioner outdoor unit 200 includes, for example: the device comprises a control module 210, a first acquisition module 220, a second acquisition module 230 and a judgment module 240. Wherein, the control module 210 is used for controlling the operation of the air conditioner; the first obtaining module 220 is configured to obtain a zero live input current; the second obtaining module 230 is configured to obtain a terminal temperature when the peak value of the zero-live input current meets a first preset condition; the judging module 240 is configured to judge whether the loose connection of the live wire occurs according to the temperature of the connection terminal.
In a specific embodiment, the control module 210, the first obtaining module 220, the second obtaining module 230, and the judging module 240 cooperate with each other to implement the method for detecting looseness of the live line and zero line connection according to the first embodiment of the present application, and the same technical effects can be achieved, so that repetition is avoided and no further description is given here.
[ fourth embodiment ]
A fourth embodiment of the present application provides an air conditioner outdoor unit including: the computer readable storage medium and the packaging IC store the computer program, when the computer program is read and run by the packaging IC, the air conditioner outdoor unit executes the method for detecting the looseness of the zero live wire wiring according to any one of the above, and the same technical effects can be achieved, and the repetition is avoided, and the description is omitted here.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. The method for detecting the looseness of the zero-live wire connection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the air conditioner operates;
acquiring zero live wire input current;
acquiring the temperature of a connecting terminal under the condition that the peak value of the zero-live wire input current meets a first preset condition;
judging whether zero and live wire connection looseness occurs according to the temperature of the connecting terminal;
the first preset condition includes: the frequency of the peak value of the zero live wire input current which is larger than the peak value threshold value is larger than the frequency threshold value;
the peak threshold value comprises a first frequency threshold value and a second frequency threshold value; the first preset condition includes:
the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, and the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is smaller than the second frequency threshold value;
wherein the first frequency threshold is less than the second frequency threshold;
if the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold value, judging whether the frequency of the peak value of the zero-live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is larger than or equal to the second frequency threshold value, if so, judging that a short circuit occurs in the controller, and outputting overcurrent protection.
2. The method for detecting looseness of zero-live wire wiring according to claim 1, wherein,
and if the frequency of the peak value of the zero live wire input current larger than the peak value threshold value is smaller than the first frequency threshold value, judging that the power grid fluctuates.
3. The method for detecting loose zero-live wire connection according to claim 1, wherein determining whether loose zero-live wire connection occurs according to the temperature of the connection terminal comprises:
judging whether zero and live wire connection looseness occurs according to the magnitude relation between the temperature of the connecting terminal and the terminal temperature threshold value; and if the temperature of the wiring terminal is greater than or equal to the terminal temperature threshold, judging that the wiring is loose, and controlling the air conditioner to stop.
4. The method for detecting loose zero-live wire connection according to claim 1, wherein determining whether loose zero-live wire connection occurs according to the temperature of the connection terminal further comprises:
and if the temperature of the wiring terminal is smaller than the terminal temperature threshold value, judging that the power grid fluctuates.
5. A loose zero-live wire connection detection system, characterized in that the loose zero-live wire connection detection system performs the loose zero-live wire connection detection method according to any one of claims 1-4.
6. An air conditioner outdoor unit, wherein the air conditioner outdoor unit implements the method for detecting looseness of zero live wire connection according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the air conditioner outdoor unit comprises:
the control module is used for controlling the operation of the air conditioner;
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring zero live wire input current;
the second acquisition module acquires the temperature of the connecting terminal under the condition that the peak value of the zero-live wire input current meets a first preset condition;
and the judging module is used for judging whether the zero and live wire connection looseness occurs according to the temperature of the connecting terminal.
7. An air conditioner outdoor unit, comprising: a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program and a packaged IC, the computer program, when read and run by the packaged IC, the air conditioner outdoor unit performing the method for detecting looseness of a zero-live wire connection according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
CN202210797353.3A 2022-07-06 2022-07-06 Zero and live wire wiring looseness detection method and system and air conditioner outdoor unit Active CN115127193B (en)

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