CN115125463B - Preparation method of nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy, and belongs to the technical field of nested gradient structures of titanium alloy. The invention adopts the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic induction heating combined surface ultrasonic rolling technology to lead the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy bar to form a nested gradient tissue structure with gradually transitional surface nanometer gradient tissue, lamellar + double-state tissue and double-state tissue from the surface layer to the core part. The surface layer ultra-high strength nano gradient structure is used for improving the torsional fatigue crack initiation resistance of the surface, and the inner gradient structure is used for improving the torsional fatigue crack propagation resistance, so that the torsional fatigue performance is improved; the surface layer of the nested gradient tissue structure is a nano gradient tissue, and the transition from the subsurface layer to the core is a lamellar transition to a binary tissue. The nested gradient tissue structure with high strength and toughness has the characteristics of surface layer torsion fatigue crack initiation resistance, subsurface torsion fatigue crack propagation resistance and high strength and toughness of the core.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nested gradient structures of titanium alloy, in particular to a preparation method of a nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy.
Background
The high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy gradually replaces steel to be widely used for preparing key bearing components such as an aircraft landing frame beam, an engine piston connecting rod, a transmission shaft, a fastener and the like due to the characteristics of light weight, high strength, excellent fatigue damage and corrosion resistance, good compatibility with composite materials and the like, and fatigue fracture is a common fracture form of the components and an important factor affecting safety and reliability of aerospace aircrafts, ship machinery and the like, and is a safety design of mechanical structural components and a research hot spot in the basic field. Therefore, the fatigue life of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy is a necessary choice for lightweight design and service safety improvement of aerospace vehicles and ships.
For connecting pieces and shaft components which bear torque, such as a transmission shaft, bear cyclic torque in the service process, torsional fatigue damage is a main failure mode, under cyclic torsional load, surface shear stress is maximum, crack initiation starts from the surface, and then crack propagation is rotary gradually from the surface to the center. Therefore, the torsional fatigue crack initiation resistance and the torsional fatigue crack propagation resistance of the subsurface layer of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy are obviously improved while the excellent conventional performance of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy is not lost, and the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy torsional fatigue damage resistance structure and the structure design are the core problems to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a design and preparation method of a nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy. The nested gradient tissue structure design with the surface layer resistant to torsional fatigue crack initiation, the subsurface layer resistant to torsional fatigue crack propagation and high strength and toughness of the core part is constructed, so that the service performance of the titanium alloy under torsional fatigue load is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating, cooling and aging treatment on the two-state structure titanium alloy to form a first layer gradient structure, wherein the two-state structure titanium alloy forms an integral gradient structure which is gradually transited from a lamellar structure, a two-state structure and a two-state structure from the surface to the core; the temperature of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is 20-50 ℃ higher than the phase transition point of the bimodal tissue titanium alloy, and the frequency is 600-1100 KHz;
and performing ultrasonic rolling on the alloy with the first-layer gradient tissue structure, forming a nano fine-grain gradient structure on the surface layer, and constructing a second-layer gradient tissue structure on the surface layer structure of the first-layer gradient tissue structure, so as to form a nested gradient tissue structure.
Preferably, the dual-structure titanium alloy is dual-structure Ti-55531 or TC4 alloy.
Preferably, the heat preservation time of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is 1-3 s, and the frequency is 800-1100 KHz.
Preferably, the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is performed in SYG-10AB and CR2100Series ultrahigh frequency induction heating systems.
Preferably, the cooling rate of the cooling is 500-600 ℃/s.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 450-620 ℃ and the time is 5-6 h.
Preferably, the static pressure of the ultrasonic rolling is 300-600N, the rotating speed is 300-500N/min, the current is 0.35-0.5A, the frequency is 20-30 KHz, and the rolling pass is 20-50 times.
Preferably, the thickness of the nano fine crystal gradient tissue is 20-40 μm.
The invention provides a preparation method of a nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating, cooling and aging treatment on the two-state structure titanium alloy to form a first layer gradient structure, wherein the two-state structure titanium alloy forms an integral gradient structure which is gradually transited from a lamellar structure, a two-state structure and a two-state structure from the surface to the core; the temperature of the electromagnetic induction heating is higher than the phase transition point of the bimodal tissue titanium alloy; and performing ultrasonic rolling on the alloy with the first-layer gradient tissue structure, forming a nano fine-grain gradient structure on the surface layer, and constructing a second-layer gradient tissue structure on the surface layer structure of the first-layer gradient tissue structure, so as to form a nested gradient tissue structure.
Aiming at the stress characteristics and damage modes of torsional fatigue (the surface stress is maximum, cracks are initiated from the surface and then the rotation type is extended inwards), the invention provides a structural design of a nested gradient structure, wherein the surface of the component has high torsional fatigue crack initiation resistance, the subsurface layer has higher crack propagation resistance and the core has high strength and toughness; according to the tissue structure design, the influence of the single surface ultrahigh frequency induction heating and ultrasonic rolling technology on the gradient tissue of the material is combined, and a mixed surface layer strengthening mode is adopted, so that the nested gradient tissue structure is finally prepared.
The invention adopts the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic induction heating combined surface ultrasonic rolling technology to lead the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy bar to form a nested gradient tissue structure with gradually transitional surface nanometer gradient tissue, lamellar + double-state tissue and double-state tissue from the surface layer to the core part. The surface layer ultra-high strength nano gradient structure is used for improving the torsional fatigue crack initiation resistance of the surface, and the inner gradient structure is used for improving the torsional fatigue crack propagation resistance, so that the torsional fatigue performance of the surface layer ultra-high strength nano gradient structure is improved.
The invention can obviously improve the torsional fatigue crack initiation resistance and the torsional fatigue crack propagation resistance of the subsurface layer of the surface layer tissue of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy without losing the excellent performance of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy.
Furthermore, the invention uses the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating for the tissue regulation and control of the titanium alloy, and the rapid heating induction phase change through the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction is a novel method for rapidly, energy-saving and efficiently preparing the gradient tissue structure from the bimodal tissue to the lamellar tissue.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the microstructure of Ti-55531 after electromagnetic induction heating in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of TC4 after electromagnetic induction heating in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the microstructure of Ti-55531 after ultrasonic rolling in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of nested gradient organization and microstructure according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of torque-torsion angle and shear stress-strain curves for the nested gradient structure of example 4, the ultrasonically rolled Ti-55531 of example 3, and the as-formed Ti-55531 alloy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a nested gradient structure preparation method for improving torsional fatigue performance of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps of;
sequentially carrying out ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating, cooling and aging treatment on the two-state structure titanium alloy to form a first layer gradient structure, wherein the two-state structure titanium alloy forms an integral gradient structure which is gradually transited from a lamellar structure, a two-state structure and a two-state structure from the surface to the core; the temperature of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is 20-50 ℃ higher than the phase transition point of the bimodal tissue titanium alloy, and the frequency is 600-1100 KHz;
and performing ultrasonic rolling on the alloy with the first-layer gradient tissue structure, forming a nano fine-grain gradient structure on the surface layer, and constructing a second-layer gradient tissue structure on the surface layer structure of the first-layer gradient tissue structure, so as to form a nested gradient tissue structure.
In the present invention, the titanium alloy of the binary structure is preferably a Ti-55531 alloy or a TC4 alloy of the binary structure.
In the present invention, the transformation point of the bimodal Ti-55531 alloy is preferably 830.+ -. 5 ℃.
In the invention, the bimodal tissue titanium alloy is preferably prepared into a rod shape, and is prepared for later electromagnetic induction heating and ultrasonic rolling.
In the invention, the heat preservation time of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is preferably 1-3 s, and the frequency is 800-1100 KHz.
In the present invention, the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is preferably performed in SYG-10AB and CR2100Series ultrahigh frequency induction heating systems.
In the present invention, the cooling rate of the cooling is preferably 500 to 600 ℃/s.
In the present invention, the aging treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 450 to 620 ℃, more preferably 520 ℃, and a time of 5 to 6 hours, more preferably 6 hours.
In the invention, the static pressure of ultrasonic rolling is preferably 300-600N, more preferably 500N, the rotating speed is preferably 300-500N/min, more preferably 500N/min, the current is preferably 0.35-0.5A, more preferably 0.5A, the frequency is preferably 20-30 KHz, more preferably 27.2KHz, and the rolling pass is preferably 20-50 times, more preferably 40 times.
In the invention, the ultrasonic rolling can form ultra-high strength ultra-hard nano fine crystal gradient tissue.
In the present invention, the thickness of the gradient tissue of nano fine crystals is preferably 30 μm.
For further explanation of the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe the nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of high strength and toughness titanium alloy, and the preparation method and application thereof in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A Ti-55531 alloy sample with a rod-shaped double-state structure is subjected to ageing treatment for 6 hours in a muffle furnace with an ageing temperature of 520 ℃ after being rapidly cooled to room temperature at 600 ℃ per second by utilizing a SYG-10AB and CR2100Series ultrahigh frequency induction heating system to the temperature of 850 ℃ above a phase transition point (830+/-5 ℃).
The microstructure schematic diagram of this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the rod-shaped sample is subjected to thermal insulation above the phase transition point in a short time to induce phase transition, so that the surface layer of the rod-shaped sample is transformed into a lamellar structure, the subsurface layer is a transition region, and the core part is still a lamellar structure, so that a lamellar structure layer, a lamellar+lamellar structure layer and a gradient structure of the lamellar structure are obtained.
The microstructure of this example is schematically shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
In example 2, induction heating (985 ℃) and aging treatment were carried out on the basis of example 1 with the use of a material (TC 4), the holding time was 1.4s, and after rapid cooling to room temperature at 600 ℃ per second, the material was aged for 6 hours in a muffle furnace at an aging temperature of 450 ℃. The two-state tissue of the surface layer of the rod-shaped sample is converted into a lamellar tissue, the subsurface layer is a transition region, the core part is still a two-state tissue, and the lamellar tissue layer, lamellar + two-state tissue layer and gradient tissue structure of the two-state tissue are obtained.
The microstructure of this example is schematically shown in FIG. 2.
Example 3
Example 3 the original rod-like bimodal structure of Ti-55531 alloy sample in example 1 was subjected to ultrasonic rolling using a surface ultrasonic rolling technique, the specific parameters being: the static pressure is 500N, the rotating speed is 500N/min, the current is 0.5A, the frequency is 27.2KHz, the times are 40, and the ultra-high strength and ultra-hard surface nano gradient tissue with the thickness of 30 mu m is formed on the surface layer of the material.
The microstructure of this example is schematically shown in FIG. 3.
Example 4
Example 4 was a first layer gradient structure of the lamellar layer, lamellar + bimodal layer and bimodal structure obtained in example 1, which was obtained by combining example 3 with Ti-55531 in example 1. On the basis of the first-layer gradient tissue structure, mechanical ultrasonic rolling is carried out on the treated bar-shaped bimodal structure Ti-55531 alloy sample in the embodiment 1 to obtain a surface layer of the material to form a surface layer nano gradient structure with a certain thickness, and specific parameters of ultrasonic rolling are as follows: the static pressure is 500N, the rotating speed is 500N/min, the current is 0.5A, the frequency is 27.2KHz, the times are 40, the tissue with the thickness of 30 mu m is formed, the nanometer gradient tissue, the lamellar tissue, the transition region and the double-state tissue are sequentially presented from the surface layer to the core part, and finally the nested gradient tissue structure with the whole high torsional fatigue performance from the surface layer to the core part is formed.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of nested gradient organization in example 4 of the present invention;
the torsional properties of the examples 3, 4 and as-is Ti-55531 alloys are shown in FIG. 5, where FIG. 5 is a graph of the torque versus torsion angle and a graph of the shear stress versus strain for the Ti-55531 alloy. The method has the advantages that the maximum torque and the shearing strength after the ultra-high frequency induction heating and ultrasonic rolling treatment are higher than those of the original state sample, the torsional property of the original state sample is improved after the ultrasonic rolling treatment, the torsional property of the original state sample is obviously improved after the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic induction heating and ultrasonic rolling treatment is combined with the surface ultrasonic rolling treatment, and based on the method, the nested gradient tissue is further proved from the design to the preparation from the comparison of the torsional property.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a nested gradient structure for improving torsional fatigue performance of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sequentially carrying out ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating, cooling and aging treatment on the two-state structure titanium alloy to form a first layer gradient structure, wherein the two-state structure titanium alloy forms an integral gradient structure which is gradually transited from a lamellar structure, a two-state structure and a two-state structure from the surface to the core; the temperature of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is 20-50 ℃ higher than the phase transition point of the bimodal tissue titanium alloy, and the frequency is 600-1100 KHz; the double-state structure titanium alloy is double-state structure Ti-55531 alloy;
performing ultrasonic rolling on the alloy with the first-layer gradient tissue structure, forming a nano fine-grain gradient structure on the surface layer, and constructing a second-layer gradient tissue structure on the surface layer structure of the first-layer gradient tissue structure so as to form a nested gradient tissue structure; the static pressure of the ultrasonic rolling is 300-600N, the rotating speed is 300-500N/min, the current is 0.35-0.5A, the frequency is 20-30 KHz, and the rolling pass is 20-50 times;
the heat preservation time of the ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic induction heating is 1-3 s;
the cooling rate of the cooling is 500-600 ℃/s;
the thickness of the nanometer fine grain gradient tissue is 20-40 mu m.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic induction heating is performed in SYG-10AB and CR2100Series high frequency induction heating systems.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment is carried out at a temperature of 450 to 620 ℃ for a time of 5 to 6 hours.
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