CN114959359B - High densification of directionally aligned Ti 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High densification of directionally aligned Ti 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-densification oriented Ti 2 AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material, preparation method thereof and in-situ generated Ti 2 The AlC particles are distributed in the TiAl substrate in a layered structure in an oriented arrangement, and the two form the bionic composite material with the layered structure characteristic. The preparation method mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out low-energy ball milling on Ti powder, al powder and monolayer/few-layer ultrasonic dispersion graphene nanosheet powder to obtain composite powder, then placing the composite powder in a sheath, pressing at room temperature, carrying out vacuum sealing, then carrying out semi-solid hot extrusion to obtain a layered TiAl/C bar, and then combining vacuum sintering reaction synthesis and hot rolling technology to prepare the high-densification directionally-arranged Ti 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material. The invention prepares the high-densification directionally arranged Ti with the characteristics of light weight, high strength and toughness, and uniform densification through a semi-solid state hot extrusion deformation and vacuum sintering reaction synthesis system 2 AlC/TiAl biomimetic compositionThe material has the advantages of simple process, low preparation cost, strong configuration controllability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium-aluminum composite materials, in particular to high-densification directionally arranged Ti 2 AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The TiAl alloy has the characteristics of low density, high melting point, high specific strength, high specific modulus and the like, has the service temperature of 700-900 ℃, can be used for manufacturing high-temperature parts of aerospace and automobile industries such as shells, jet engines, low-pressure turbine blades and the like, and is considered as a typical representative of a new-generation light high-temperature-resistant structural material. However, the TiAl alloy has poor hot workability and is easy to crack due to the defects of low plasticity, low fracture toughness and the like, so the TiAl alloy has high forming difficulty and the application process is severely limited. In order to make up for the performance defect of TiAl alloy, a composite technology which can realize the performance complementation of materials and play a role of synergy draws the attention of researchers. In a variety of reinforcing phases suitable for TiAl alloys, ti 2 AlC is a special ternary layered ceramic and is an ideal reinforcing phase of a TiAl-based composite material. Ti (titanium) 2 The density and the thermal expansion coefficient of the AlC and the TiAl are relatively close, and high residual stress generated during material compounding can be avoided. At the same time Ti 2 AlC has the excellent properties of metal and ceramic, namely good heat conduction and metal processing properties such as high elastic modulus and the like, and ceramic properties such as high yield strength and high thermal stability. In situ autogenous Ti 2 The AlC/TiAl has fine structureChemical conversion and interface cleaning, and therefore, ti 2 The in-situ introduction of AlC is expected to effectively improve the room temperature strength and plasticity of the TiAl alloy on the basis of keeping the advantages of low density and the like of the TiAl alloy.
At present most of Ti 2 Ti generated from AlC/TiAl composite material 2 AlC particles are dispersed in the TiAl matrix. Such dispersedly distributed Ti 2 The AlC/TiAl composite material cannot exert the synergistic coupling effect between the two materials to the maximum extent, so that the imbalance of strong plasticity on the mechanical property of the AlC/TiAl composite material is caused, and the AlC/TiAl composite material becomes Ti 2 The bottleneck problem of the application and development of the AlC/TiAl composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides directionally aligned Ti 2 The AlC/TiAl bionic composite material is prepared through semi-solid hot extrusion powder deformation and Ti-Al-C reaction synthesis system to obtain directional Ti with light weight, high strength and toughness, high compactness and high homogeneity 2 The AlC/TiAl bionic composite material has the advantages of simple process, low preparation cost and strong configuration controllability, and can be used as a high-temperature structural material for aerospace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the specific scheme that:
high densification of directionally aligned Ti 2 AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material, in-situ generated Ti 2 The AlC particles are distributed in the TiAl substrate in a layered structure in an oriented arrangement, and the two form a laminated structure imitating a shell pearl layer.
High densification of directionally aligned Ti 2 The preparation method of the AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And preparing a single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheet: adding the multilayer graphene nanosheets into absolute ethyl alcohol, and obtaining single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets through ultrasonic dispersion;
(2) And preparing the composite powder: uniformly performing low-energy ball milling on Ti powder, al powder and the single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets obtained in the step (1), and performing vacuum drying to obtain composite powder, wherein the atomic percentages of Ti, al and C elements in the composite powder are 52 (44 to 46) and 2 to 4;
(3) And preparing the composite powder sheath blank: placing the composite powder prepared in the step (2) into a sheath, and performing room-temperature pressing and vacuum sealing on the composite powder to obtain a composite powder sheath blank;
(4) And preparing a layered TiAl/C bar: preheating the powder sheath blank obtained in the step (3), and then carrying out semi-solid hot extrusion deformation to obtain a layered TiAl/C bar;
(5) Oriented arrangement of Ti 2 Preparing an AlC/TiAl bionic composite material: carrying out vacuum sintering on the layered TiAl/C bar obtained in the step (4), and reacting and synthesizing to obtain directionally arranged Ti 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material;
(6) And high densification treatment: aligning the directionally arranged Ti obtained in step (5) 2 Carrying out multi-pass hot rolling on the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material to obtain the high-densification directionally-arranged Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite material.
The method is further characterized in that in the step (1), the ultrasonic power is 480W, the ultrasonic time is 4h, the thickness of the dispersed single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheet is 2-6 nm, and the sheet diameter is 3-8 μm.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the step (2), the selected Ti powder and the selected Al powder are spherical pure powder with the average grain diameter of 5-25 μm.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the step (2), a roller ball mill is adopted, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a process control agent in the low-energy ball milling process, 5mm zirconia balls are used as a ball milling medium, the ball-material mass ratio is 25: 1, the rotating speed is 80rpm, and the ball milling time is 10 hours.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the step (3), the uniaxial pressure of the composite powder when the composite powder is pressed at room temperature is 400-500MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 5-10min, and the composite powder is sealed in vacuum to obtain a composite powder packaging blank.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the step (4), the preheating temperature and the semi-solid hot extrusion temperature are both between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of the aluminum, the preheating heat preservation time is 1 to 2h, and the extrusion ratio of the semi-solid hot extrusion is 5 to 15: 1.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the step (5), the specific parameters of the vacuum sintering are as follows: heating to 1300-1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1-2h.
Further, in the step (6), the hot rolling direction is perpendicular to the laminating direction of the composite material, the hot rolling temperature is 1200 to 1250 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.2 to 0.5m/s, the single-pass rolling deformation is controlled to be 1 to 4 percent, and the total rolling deformation of the composite material is 20 to 40 percent.
Has the advantages that:
(1) Firstly, carrying out semi-solid hot extrusion treatment on composite powder prepared by ball-milling mixed powder to obtain a layered TiAl/C bar, and then greatly improving the directionally arranged Ti through vacuum sintering reaction and multi-pass hot rolling 2 The configuration stability of the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material avoids the problems of cracking, crushing and the like of the material caused by directly carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the brittle TiAl alloy.
(2) Compared with the traditional dispersion distribution Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite material and directionally arranged Ti prepared by the method 2 The AlC/TiAl bionic composite material has a layered structure similar to a shell pearl, and the layered structure can prevent crack initiation and propagation and prolong crack propagation path, thereby improving Ti 2 The strength and the plasticity and toughness of the AlC/TiAl composite material.
(3) The invention is inspired by the shell pearl lamellar structure, selects the composite powder after ball milling as the raw material, and obtains the high-densification directional arrangement Ti through the semi-solid hot extrusion deformation technology, the vacuum sintering and the hot rolling 2 The AlC/TiAl bionic composite material has higher stability in the preparation technology and more balanced obdurability in the mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a highly densified oriented Ti 2 The preparation route of the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material is shown schematically.
FIG. 2 is a highly densified oriented Ti 2 The preparation process of the AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material is simplified.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, belong to the scope of the present invention.
The invention is inspired by the structure of shell pearl layer, and provides directional arrangement Ti 2 A controllable preparation method of AlC/TiAl bionic composite material. The microstructure of the shell pearl layer is a 'brick-built' composite structure formed by the staggered distribution of nano-scale calcium carbonate sheet layers and organic medium layer matrixes, the fracture toughness of the shell pearl layer is about 3000 times higher than that of corresponding brittle calcium carbonate material components, and the strength of the shell pearl layer is about 30 times. The excellent strength and plastic toughness of the composite material mainly come from the size effect of nano-scale components and a 'bricklaying' composite configuration, and are represented as toughening mechanisms such as crack initiation and expansion prevention and crack propagation prolonging energy dissipation. Combining the bionic configuration with the composite material to make Ti 2 AlC can be directionally arranged in TiAl, so that Ti with high toughness can be prepared 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material.
The process route diagram of the invention is shown in figure 1, the preparation of composite powder → semi-solid hot extrusion → vacuum sintering → hot rolling, and the preparation of high-densification oriented Ti based on a Ti-Al-C reaction system 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material.
High densification of directionally aligned Ti 2 Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the preparation method of the AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material mainly includes the following steps:
step (1), preparation of single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets: adding the multilayer graphene nanosheets into absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion, standing for layering, filtering and drying to obtain single-layer or few-layer graphene nanosheets. The power of ultrasonic dispersion is 480W, the ultrasonic time is 4h, the thickness of the dispersed single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheet is 2-6 nm, and the thickness of the nanosheet is 3-8 μm;
step (2), preparation of composite powder: carrying out low-energy ball milling on Ti powder, al powder and single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets uniformly, and drying in vacuum to obtain composite powder, wherein the atomic percentages of Ti, al and C elements in the composite powder are 52 (44-46) to (2-4); the Ti powder and the Al powder are both spherical pure powder with the average grain diameter of 5 to 25 mu m; in the ball milling process, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a process control agent, 5mm zirconia balls are used as a ball milling medium, the ball-material ratio is 25: 1, the ball milling rotation speed is 80rpm, the time is 10 hours, and mixed powder obtained by ball milling is placed in a vacuum drying oven with the constant temperature of 65 ℃ for processing for 12 hours to obtain composite powder;
step (3), preparing the composite powder sheath blank: and (3) placing the prepared composite powder into a sheath, pressing at room temperature with uniaxial pressure of 400-500MPa and dwell time of 5-10min to obtain an initial blank, degassing, and performing vacuum sealing to obtain a sheath blank of the composite powder.
Step (4), preparing a layered TiAl/C bar: preheating the powder sheath blank, and then carrying out semi-solid hot extrusion treatment to obtain a layered TiAl/C bar material, wherein the preheating temperature and the semi-solid hot extrusion temperature are both between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of aluminum, the heat preservation time of the preheating treatment is 1 to 2h, and the extrusion ratio of the semi-solid hot extrusion is 5 to 15: 1; the semi-solid Ti/Al/C powder after preheating treatment is easy to deform, and after hot extrusion, the directionally arranged TiAl/C bar material taking the semi-solid layered Ti/Al/C powder as the structure is formed.
Step (5) arranging Ti in a directional manner 2 Preparing an AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material: carrying out vacuum sintering on the layered TiAl/C bar, and reacting and synthesizing to obtain directionally arranged Ti 2 The AlC/TiAl bionic composite material has the following specific vacuum sintering parameters: heating to 1300-1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1-2h;
step (6), high densification treatment: to aligned arrangement of Ti 2 The AlC/TiAl bionic composite material is subjected to multi-pass hot rolling to reduce the layered Ti 2 The thickness and the space of AlC are adopted to obtain the high-densification directional arrangement Ti 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material; the temperature in the hot rolling process is 1200-1250 ℃, the rolling direction is perpendicular to the oriented laminated direction, the rolling speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s, the single-pass rolling deformation is 1-4%, and the total rolling deformation of the composite material is 20-40%.
High densification directional rows of the inventionColumn Ti 2 A process for preparing the bionic AlC/TiAl composite material includes such steps as low-energy ball grinding to obtain composite powder, pressing in a sleeve, vacuum sealing to obtain blank, semi-solid hot squeezing between solidus and liquidus to obtain directionally arranged laminar TiAl/C bars, vacuum sintering, synthesizing, hot rolling, and Ti 2 AlC can be kept in oriented layered distribution in TiAl in an in-situ self-growing mode, and the AlC and the TiAl form a laminated structure imitating a shell pearl layer, so that Ti with high densification and oriented arrangement is formed 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material.
Example 1
High densification of directionally aligned Ti 2 The preparation method of the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material mainly comprises the following steps:
step (1), preparation of single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets: adding the multilayer graphene nanosheets into absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion, standing for layering, filtering and drying to obtain single-layer or few-layer graphene nanosheets. The power of ultrasonic dispersion is 480W, the ultrasonic time is 4h, the thickness of the dispersed single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheet is 2-6 nm, and the thickness of the nanosheet is 3-8 μm;
step (2), preparation of composite powder: uniformly performing low-energy ball milling on Ti powder, al powder and single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets, and performing vacuum drying to obtain composite powder, wherein the atomic percentages of Ti, al and C elements in the composite powder are 52: 46: 2; the Ti powder and the Al powder are spherical pure powder with the average grain diameter of 20 mu m; in the ball milling process, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a process control agent, 5mm zirconia balls are used as a ball milling medium, the ball-material ratio is 25: 1, the ball milling rotation speed is 80rpm, the time is 10 hours, and mixed powder obtained by ball milling is placed in a vacuum drying oven with the constant temperature of 65 ℃ for processing for 12 hours to obtain composite powder;
step (3), preparing the composite powder sheath blank: and (3) placing the prepared composite powder in a sheath, pressing at room temperature with uniaxial pressure of 450MPa and dwell time of 10min to obtain an initial blank, degassing, and vacuum sealing to obtain the composite powder sheath blank.
Step (4), preparing a layered TiAl/C bar: preheating the powder sheath blank, and then carrying out semi-solid thermal extrusion deformation treatment to obtain a layered TiAl/C bar, wherein the preheating temperature and the semi-solid thermal extrusion deformation temperature are both between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of aluminum, the heat preservation time of the preheating treatment is 2 hours, and the extrusion ratio of the semi-solid thermal extrusion deformation is 10: 1;
step (5) arranging Ti in a directional manner 2 Preparing an AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material: carrying out vacuum sintering on the layered TiAl/C bar, and reacting and synthesizing to obtain directionally arranged Ti 2 The AlC/TiAl bionic composite material has the following specific vacuum sintering parameters: heating to 1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h;
step (6), high densification treatment: to aligned arrangement of Ti 2 Carrying out multi-pass hot rolling on the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material to obtain the high-densification directional arrangement Ti 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material; the temperature in the hot rolling process is 1250 ℃, the rolling direction is vertical to the oriented and arranged lamellar direction, the rolling speed is 0.2m/s, the single-pass rolling deformation is 2 percent, and the total rolling deformation of the composite material is 30 percent.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that: in the step (2), the average grain diameter of Ti powder and Al powder is 10 μm, so that the prepared directional arrangement Ti with fine grain size and better performance 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that: the atomic percentages of the Ti powder, the Al powder and the single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheet powder in the step (2) are 52: 44: 4, so that directionally arranged Ti with larger volume fraction and more layers is obtained 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material.
Example 4
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that: the extrusion ratio of the semi-solid hot extrusion deformation in the step (4) is 15, and the larger extrusion ratio enables the preparation of the lamellar TiAl/C bar with thinner thickness in the thickness direction.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 1 in that: step (6)In the method, the hot rolling temperature is controlled at 1200 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.2m/s, the single rolling deformation is selected to be 1 percent, the total rolling deformation is 40 percent, the cracking caused by the large single rolling deformation is avoided, and the Ti with smaller layer thickness and compactness can be obtained 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. High densification of directionally aligned Ti 2 The preparation method of the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in situ generated Ti 2 AlC particles are distributed in a TiAl matrix in a layered structure in a directional arrangement, and the AlC particles and the TiAl matrix form a laminated structure imitating a shell pearl layer;
the preparation method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And preparing a single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheet: adding the multilayer graphene nanosheets into absolute ethyl alcohol, and obtaining single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets through ultrasonic dispersion;
(2) And preparing the composite powder: uniformly performing low-energy ball milling on Ti powder, al powder and the single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheets obtained in the step (1), and performing vacuum drying to obtain composite powder, wherein the atomic percentages of Ti, al and C elements in the composite powder are 52 (44 to 46) and 2 to 4;
(3) And preparing the composite powder sheath blank: placing the composite powder prepared in the step (2) into a sheath, and performing room-temperature pressing and vacuum sealing on the composite powder to obtain a composite powder sheath blank;
(4) And preparing a layered TiAl/C bar: preheating the powder sheath blank obtained in the step (3), and then carrying out semi-solid hot extrusion deformation to obtain a layered TiAl/C bar;
(5) Oriented arrangement of Ti 2 Preparing an AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material: carrying out vacuum sintering on the layered TiAl/C bar obtained in the step (4), and reacting and synthesizing to obtain directionally arranged Ti 2 AlC/TiAl bionic composite material;
(6) And high densification treatment: aligning the directionally arranged Ti obtained in step (5) 2 Carrying out multi-pass hot rolling on the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material to obtain the high-densification directionally-arranged Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite material;
in the step (2), the selected Ti powder and the selected Al powder are spherical pure powder with the average grain diameter of 5-25 mu m;
in the step (4), the preheating temperature and the semi-solid hot extrusion temperature are both between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of aluminum, the preheating heat preservation time is 1 to 2h, and the extrusion ratio of the semi-solid hot extrusion is 5 to 15: 1;
in the step (5), the specific parameters of vacuum sintering are as follows: heating to 1300-1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1-2h.
2. Highly densified aligned Ti according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material is characterized in that in the step (1), the ultrasonic power is 480W, the ultrasonic time is 4h, the thickness of the dispersed single-layer/few-layer graphene nanosheet ranges from 2 to 6nm, and the diameter of the nanosheet ranges from 3 to 8 microns.
3. Highly densified aligned Ti according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the AlC/TiAl biomimetic composite material is characterized in that in the step (2), a roller type ball mill is adopted, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a process control agent in the low-energy ball milling process, 5mm zirconia balls are used as a ball milling medium, the ball-material mass ratio is 25: 1, the rotating speed is 80rpm, and the ball milling time is 10 hours.
4. Highly densified aligned Ti according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the AlC/TiAl bionic composite material is characterized in that in the step (3), the uniaxial pressure of the composite powder at room temperature is 400-500MPa, the dwell time is 5-10min, and the composite powder sheathed blank is obtained by vacuum sealing.
5. Highly densified aligned Ti according to claim 1 2 A preparation method of AlC/TiAl bionic composite material,the method is characterized in that in the step (6), the hot rolling direction is perpendicular to the laminating direction of the composite material, the hot rolling temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s, the single-pass rolling deformation is controlled to be 1-4%, and the total rolling deformation of the composite material is 20-40%.
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