CN115125345A - Method for installing blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring - Google Patents
Method for installing blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115125345A CN115125345A CN202210775231.4A CN202210775231A CN115125345A CN 115125345 A CN115125345 A CN 115125345A CN 202210775231 A CN202210775231 A CN 202210775231A CN 115125345 A CN115125345 A CN 115125345A
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- steel ring
- distributor
- welding
- blast furnace
- welded
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
- C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for installing a blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, which provides a furnace throat gas sealing cover and a distributor steel ring, wherein a flange plate is arranged above the furnace throat gas sealing cover, and the method comprises the following steps: step 100, placing a distributor steel ring above a flange plate, and adjusting the position of the distributor steel ring to enable the upper surface of the distributor steel ring to be horizontal, wherein an annular gap to be welded is formed between the distributor steel ring and the flange plate; 200, uniformly selecting at least two welding starting points on the annular gap to be welded, forming an operation area between every two adjacent welding starting points, synchronously welding all the welding starting points in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, and connecting welding seams in every two adjacent operation areas. All welding starting points are synchronously welded in the same mode, and stress generated by welding is symmetrically distributed along a gap to be welded, so that partial stress can be offset, the deformation of a distributing device steel ring and a flange plate is reduced, and the level of the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of installation of blast furnace top equipment, in particular to a method for installing a blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring.
Background
The steel ring of blast furnace bell-less top distributor belongs to the basic working surface of distributor and has high parallelism requirement. The distributing device is located above the furnace throat gas sealing cover, a steel ring of the distributing device is fixed with the furnace throat gas sealing cover through a furnace throat flange plate, and in the installation and positioning stage, a frame type level meter or a ruler type level meter is generally adopted to detect the levelness of the steel ring, however, the frame type level meter or the ruler type level meter has detection errors, or when the distributing device is fixedly welded, the welding control between the lower surface of the distributing device steel ring and the upper surface of the furnace throat flange plate cannot meet the design requirement, and the distributing device is deformed to incline. After the distributor is put into operation, in the whole production cycle of the blast furnace (10-15 years), the distributor is always in an abnormal and inclined operation state, so that the distribution precision in the blast furnace is poor, and the airflow adjustment cannot achieve the expected effect, thereby reducing the utilization rate of blast furnace smelting gas, fluctuating the condition of the blast furnace, and greatly increasing the fuel consumption and iron cost of the blast furnace; meanwhile, due to the fact that the distributing device abnormally operates in an inclined mode for a long time, internal equipment of the distributing device is seriously abraded, the service life of expensive equipment (500 ten thousand yuan) is greatly shortened, and equipment investment benefits are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to: the method for installing the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring can horizontally install the distributor steel ring, thereby ensuring the levelness of the distributor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for installing the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring comprises the following steps of:
100, placing the distributor steel ring above the flange plate, and adjusting the position of the distributor steel ring to enable the upper surface of the distributor steel ring to be horizontal, wherein an annular gap to be welded is formed between the distributor steel ring and the flange plate;
200, uniformly selecting at least two welding starting points on the annular gap to be welded, forming an operation area between every two adjacent welding starting points, synchronously welding all the welding starting points in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, and connecting welding seams in every two adjacent operation areas.
As a preferable scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, the step 100 comprises the following steps:
101, placing the distributing device steel ring above the flange plate;
102, determining the height of the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring, and recording as a first height;
103, arranging N horizontal lines at the first height in a crossed manner, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and each horizontal line is intersected with the vertical axis of the distributor steel ring;
and 104, adjusting the position of the distributing device steel ring according to the horizontal line to enable the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring to be horizontal, and forming an annular gap to be welded between the distributing device steel ring and the flange.
As a preferred scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, the levelness error of the upper surface of the flange plate is less than or equal to 0.5-1.5 mm/m.
As a preferable scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, before the step 100, the method further comprises the following steps:
preheating the distributing device steel rings and the flange plates on two sides of the gap to be welded.
As a preferred scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, the preheating temperature is 120 ℃.
As a preferable scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, the distributor steel ring and the flange in the area of 120-200mm at the two sides of the gap to be welded are preheated.
As a preferable scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, after the step 200, the method further comprises the following steps:
and step 300, heating and insulating the welding seam by using an electric heater, and then naturally cooling to the ambient temperature.
As a preferred scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, the step 300 specifically comprises the following steps:
and heating the welding line to 650 ℃ by adopting the electric heater, preserving the heat for 150 minutes and naturally cooling to the ambient temperature.
As a preferred scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, a plurality of welding seams are arranged between the distributor steel ring and the flange in a stacking manner, and after each welding seam is cooled to the ambient temperature, another welding seam is welded on the welding seam.
As a preferable scheme of the installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring, the wind speed in the gap to be welded is not more than 1m/s during welding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by arranging a plurality of welding starting points and dividing the gap to be welded into a plurality of operation areas, the whole annular large welding seam can be divided into a plurality of welding seams with shorter lengths, the length of each welding seam is shortened, the welding precision of each welding seam is favorably controlled, and the welding quality is improved; all welding starting points are synchronously welded in the same mode, at the moment, stress generated by welding can be symmetrically distributed along a gap to be welded, so that partial stress can be offset, the deformation of a distributing device steel ring and a flange plate is reduced, and the level of the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring is ensured.
Drawings
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic partial sectional view of a bell-less top of a blast furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a bell-less top of a blast furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a distributor steel ring; 2. a flange plate; 3. a furnace throat gas seal cover; 4. a gas riser; 5. the furnace throat distributing chute is a large square maintenance manhole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method for installing a bell-less top distributor steel ring of a blast furnace provided by the invention comprises the following steps of providing a furnace throat gas sealing cover 3 and a distributor steel ring 1, and arranging a flange plate 2 above the furnace throat gas sealing cover 3:
step 100, placing a distributor steel ring 1 above a flange plate 2, and adjusting the position of the distributor steel ring 1 to enable the upper surface of the distributor steel ring 1 to be horizontal, so that an annular gap to be welded is formed between the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange plate 2;
200, uniformly selecting at least two welding starting points on the annular gap to be welded, forming an operation area between every two adjacent welding starting points, synchronously welding all the welding starting points in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, and connecting welding seams in every two adjacent operation areas.
By arranging a plurality of welding starting points and dividing the gap to be welded into a plurality of operation areas, the whole annular large welding seam can be divided into a plurality of welding seams with shorter lengths, the length of each welding seam is shortened, the welding precision of each welding seam is favorably controlled, and the welding quality is improved; all welding starting points are synchronously welded in the same mode, at the moment, stress generated by welding is symmetrically distributed along a gap to be welded, so that partial stress can be offset, the deformation of the distributing device steel ring 1 and the flange plate 2 is reduced, and the level of the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring 1 is ensured.
In this embodiment, four welding starting points (0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °) are uniformly selected from the gap to be welded, that is, the four welding starting points are symmetrically arranged, and four workers perform welding from the four welding starting points at the same speed and synchronously. And synchronously welding a welding starting point, wherein the welding direction (clockwise or anticlockwise), the welding current, the specification and model of a welding wire, the welding speed, the welding layer number and the welding method (from inside to outside and from bottom to top) are required to be consistent, and the balanced welding is carried out in multiple dimensions in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the space.
Specifically, step 100 includes:
101, placing a distributing device steel ring 1 above a flange plate 2;
step 102, determining the height of the upper surface of a distributor steel ring 1, and recording the height as a first height;
103, arranging N horizontal lines at the first height in a crossed manner, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and each horizontal line is intersected with the vertical axis of the distributor steel ring 1;
and 104, adjusting the position of the distributor steel ring 1 according to the horizontal line to enable the upper surface of the distributor steel ring 1 to be horizontal, and forming an annular gap to be welded between the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange plate 2.
Through setting up N horizontal lines, can form a netted horizontal plane in distributor steel ring 1's top, conveniently judge directly perceivedly whether level of distributor steel ring 1 upper surface, can conveniently adjust the position of distributor steel ring 1 like this to the upper surface is the horizontally after guaranteeing distributor steel ring 1 and the welding of ring flange 2.
Preferably, the plurality of horizontal lines are uniformly distributed, that is, the included angles between two adjacent horizontal lines are equal, which is more favorable for judging the overall levelness of the distributor steel ring 1, in this embodiment, four horizontal lines are arranged, the four horizontal lines are arranged in a crossed manner in an octagonal symmetry manner, and in other embodiments, five, six, seven, eight or more horizontal lines may be arranged.
Specifically, step 102 includes:
and 1021, determining the height of the upper surface of the distributor steel ring 1 by using a level gauge, and recording the height as a first height.
The level is an instrument for establishing a horizontal sight line to measure the height difference between two points on the ground. Because the size of the distributing device steel ring 1 is large, the arrangement precision of a horizontal line can be improved by using the level gauge, and therefore the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring 1 is ensured to be horizontal.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the distributor is installed horizontally, the basic requirements before installation of the distributor steel ring 1 (i.e. before step 100) include:
1. the furnace throat distribution chute large square maintenance manhole 5 is welded with the furnace throat gas sealing cover 3, and the stress relief annealing heat treatment is completed;
2. four gas risers 4 (eduction tubes) of the furnace throat and the gas sealing cover 3 of the furnace throat are welded and finished, and the stress relief annealing heat treatment is finished;
3. the flange 2 must be welded with the furnace throat gas sealing cover 3 and the stress relief annealing heat treatment is completed;
specifically, step 100 further includes:
and measuring the levelness of the upper surface of the flange plate 2, wherein the error of the levelness of the upper surface of the flange plate 2 is less than or equal to 0.5-1.5 mm/m.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure the good installation of the distributor steel ring 1, before step 100, the levelness of the upper surface of the flange 2 needs to be checked, so as to avoid that the local gap between the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange 2 is too large after the upper surface of the distributor steel ring 1 is adjusted, and ensure the connection stability between the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange 2.
Specifically, step 100 further includes:
preheating the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange 2 on two sides of the gap to be welded.
By preheating the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange plate 2, the welding stress can be reduced, cracks are prevented from being generated, the performance of a heat affected zone is improved, and the welding shrinkage deformation of the distributor steel ring 1 is reduced, so that the upper surface of the distributor steel ring 1 is also horizontal after the welding is finished.
In the embodiment, the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange plate 2 in the area of 120-200mm on both sides of the gap to be welded are preheated, and the preheating temperature is 120 ℃.
Specifically, after step 200, the method further includes:
and step 300, heating and insulating the welding seam by using an electric heater, and then naturally cooling to the ambient temperature.
By heating and insulating the welding seam, the stress of the welding part can be eliminated, the curing effect is achieved, and the strength of the welding area is improved.
Wherein, the step 300 specifically comprises:
heating the welding seam to 650 ℃ by using an electric heater, preserving the heat for 150 minutes, and naturally cooling to the ambient temperature.
In this embodiment, the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange plate 2 are fixed by build-up welding, a plurality of welding seams are stacked between the distributor steel ring 1 and the flange plate 2, and after each welding seam is cooled to ambient temperature, another welding seam is welded on the welding seam.
After each welding line is cooled to the ambient temperature, the welding line can be checked, and after the requirement is met, another welding line is welded on the welding line, so that the welding quality of each welding line is favorably controlled, the shrinkage deformation of the welding line is strictly controlled, in the embodiment, the height of each layer of welding line is 4-6mm, the welding is finished by 4-5 layers according to the height of a gap to be welded, and the deformation in each welding process is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.02-0.05 mm.
In the embodiment, a welding machine is adopted for welding, and the welding machine is protected by carbon dioxide gas, and the material of the welding wire is required to have compatibility with two materials, namely a furnace throat flange 2 and a distributor steel ring 1; the welding wire adopts H08MnA, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, and the welding voltage control requirement in the welding process is as follows: 18-21V; the welding current control requirement of the welding process is as follows: 100-180A. The welding speed determines the formation of a welding seam, the speed is too high, the penetration and the fusion width are reduced, and the welding defects such as meat biting, incomplete fusion, air holes and the like are easy to occur; welding defects such as collapse welding, welding deformation increase and the like can occur at too low speed, and the embodiment requires the welding speed control requirement: 70-90 mm/min. The purity requirement of carbon dioxide gas is as follows: not less than 99.8%, the carbon dioxide gas has the functions of protection and cooling, the protection effect is determined by the flow, and the flow control requirement of the carbon dioxide gas during welding is as follows: 15-25L/min.
Specifically, the wind speed in the gap to be welded is not more than 1m/s during welding. As the carbon dioxide gas is adopted to protect the welding machine, the wind speed of the welding part needs to be considered during welding, and when the wind speed is more than 1m/s, a windproof measure needs to be adopted to ensure the welding quality of the welding machine.
In the description herein, it is to be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for convenience in description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have any special meaning.
In the description herein, references to the description of "an embodiment," "an example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The installation method of the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring is characterized in that a furnace throat gas sealing cover and a distributor steel ring are provided, and a flange plate is arranged above the furnace throat gas sealing cover, and comprises the following steps:
step 100, placing the distributor steel ring above the flange plate, and adjusting the position of the distributor steel ring to enable the upper surface of the distributor steel ring to be horizontal, wherein an annular gap to be welded is formed between the distributor steel ring and the flange plate;
200, uniformly selecting at least two welding starting points on the annular gap to be welded, forming an operation area between every two adjacent welding starting points, synchronously welding all the welding starting points in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, and connecting welding seams in every two adjacent operation areas.
2. The method of installing a blast furnace bellless top distributor ring as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 100 comprises:
101, placing the distributing device steel ring above the flange plate;
102, determining the height of the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring, and recording as a first height;
103, arranging N horizontal lines at the first height in a crossed manner, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, and each horizontal line is intersected with the vertical axis of the distributor steel ring;
and 104, adjusting the position of the distributing device steel ring according to the horizontal line to enable the upper surface of the distributing device steel ring to be horizontal, and forming an annular gap to be welded between the distributing device steel ring and the flange.
3. The method for installing the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the levelness error of the upper surface of the flange is less than or equal to 0.5-1.5 mm/m.
4. The method of installing a blast furnace bell-less top distributor ring as defined in claim 1, further comprising, prior to said step 100:
preheating the distributor steel rings and the flange plates on two sides of the gap to be welded.
5. The method of installing a blast furnace bell-less top distributor ring as defined in claim 4 wherein the preheating temperature is 120 ℃.
6. The method for installing the distributor steel ring on the top of the blast furnace without the bell, as claimed in claim 4, wherein the distributor steel ring and the flange in the region of 120-200mm away from the two sides of the gap to be welded are preheated.
7. The method of installing a blast furnace bell-less top distributor ring as defined in claim 1, further comprising, after said step 200:
and step 300, heating and insulating the welding seam by using an electric heater, and then naturally cooling to the ambient temperature.
8. The method for installing the blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring as claimed in claim 7, wherein said step 300 is specifically:
and heating the welding line to 650 ℃ by adopting the electric heater, preserving the heat for 150 minutes and naturally cooling to the ambient temperature.
9. The method of installing a blast furnace bell-less top distributor steel ring as claimed in claim 7, wherein a plurality of said welds are stacked between said distributor steel ring and said flange, and each of said welds is cooled to ambient temperature before another of said welds is welded thereto.
10. The method for installing the blast furnace bellless top distributor ring according to claim 1, wherein the wind speed in the gap to be welded is not more than 1m/s during welding.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210775231.4A CN115125345B (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | Method for installing steel ring of blast furnace bell-less top distributor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210775231.4A CN115125345B (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | Method for installing steel ring of blast furnace bell-less top distributor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115125345A true CN115125345A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
| CN115125345B CN115125345B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201785409U (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2011-04-06 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Deformation prevention device for installation of top ring |
| LU91885B1 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-12 | Wurth Paul Sa | Blast furnace installation |
| CN105112585A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 上海宝钢工程咨询有限公司 | Blast furnace top steel ring mounting structure and mounting method thereof |
| CN108005349A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-08 | 中建六局第三建筑工程有限公司 | Leveling method for super large ultra-flat terrace built-in fitting |
| CN114604730A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-10 | 重庆钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for replacing transmission gear box on top of blast furnace |
-
2022
- 2022-07-01 CN CN202210775231.4A patent/CN115125345B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201785409U (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2011-04-06 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Deformation prevention device for installation of top ring |
| LU91885B1 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-12 | Wurth Paul Sa | Blast furnace installation |
| CN105112585A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 上海宝钢工程咨询有限公司 | Blast furnace top steel ring mounting structure and mounting method thereof |
| CN108005349A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-08 | 中建六局第三建筑工程有限公司 | Leveling method for super large ultra-flat terrace built-in fitting |
| CN114604730A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-10 | 重庆钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for replacing transmission gear box on top of blast furnace |
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| Title |
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| 曾正明: "《简明筑炉工手册》", 机械工业出版社, pages: 562 - 563 * |
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