CN115125001B - Preparation method of green luminous carbon dots - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a green luminous carbon dot, which takes coffee grounds as raw materials, firstly carries out high-temperature carbonization on the raw materials, then carries out hydrothermal treatment on the raw materials subjected to high-temperature carbonization under an acidic condition, and then carries out hydrothermal treatment under an alkaline condition to obtain the green luminous carbon dot. The carbon dots can be directly shot under the laboratory common illumination condition to observe bright and single green, the shooting under the ultraviolet irradiation is not needed, the luminous efficiency and the luminous brightness are higher, and the problems of poor luminous monochromaticity, low luminous efficiency and low luminous brightness of the common carbon dots are solved. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, has the advantages of high brightness of the carbon dots, good monochromaticity and excellent luminescence property, can assist the carbon dots to obtain better luminescence property, and has strong application potential in the fields of image probes, fluorescent tracing, luminescence and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of carbon dots, in particular to a preparation method of N-P co-doped green luminescent carbon dots with high luminous efficiency, belonging to the technical field of luminescent materials and application.
Background
Carbon dots are also called carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanodots, nano-scale graphite phase carbon particles, and refer to carbon core structures with single layers or less than 5 layers of graphene, the size of which is generally less than 100 nanometers, the layered structure determines that the size of the carbon dots has typical anisotropy, the lateral size is greater than the height of the longitudinal direction, and the size of the carbon dots is generally the lateral size and has typical carbon lattice structure.
Carbon dots have important applications in the fields of biosensors, medical imaging devices and light emitting diodes. Carbon nanodots are generally spherical structures as luminescent materials, and can be classified into carbon nanodots having obvious lattices and carbon nanodots having no lattices. Due to the diversity of carbon nanodot structures, the carbon nanodot light-emitting centers, light-emitting mechanisms and light-emitting efficiencies prepared in different modes are greatly different. In general, the light-emitting peak of the light-emitting carbon dot is relatively wide and the light-emitting efficiency is not high, which limits the application thereof, the light-emitting efficiency of the carbon dot is not controlled by the carbon nucleus, and the surface group of the carbon dot has a non-negligible effect on the light-emitting efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the preparation method of the green luminous carbon dot with high brightness and good monochromaticity, which has the advantages of simple operation process, good repeatability and convenience for industrial production, and the obtained carbon dot can emit single green light, has high luminous brightness, high luminous efficiency and stronger application potential.
The invention takes coffee grounds as raw materials, firstly, the raw materials are carbonized at high temperature, and then, the raw materials carbonized at high temperature are subjected to special acid-base hydrothermal treatment to obtain green luminous carbon dots, the brightness of the carbon dots is high, and the luminous brightness is closely related to the combination of the high-temperature carbonization and the acid-base hydrothermal treatment.
The coffee grounds used in the invention refer to residues remained on filter paper after coffee is brewed, and the coffee grounds contain elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and can be used as raw materials of nitrogen and phosphorus doped carbon points, so that the luminous property of the carbon points is improved.
Further, the high-temperature carbonization refers to high-temperature calcination of the coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus in an inert atmosphere to carbonize the coffee grounds. The inert atmosphere may be an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. The purpose of the calcination is to allow sufficient carbonization of the coffee grounds, with the temperature and time being selected to meet this requirement. For example, conventional carbonization temperatures are typically 600-800 ℃, at which the coffee grounds are capable of rapidly converting to highly crystalline nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped graphitic carbon, typically for 0.5-2 hours. The existence of nitrogen and phosphorus in the coffee grounds is beneficial to improving the luminous brightness of carbon dots, and the obtained carbon dots have narrow spectrum and good monochromaticity.
Further, the special acid-base hydrothermal treatment of the invention is as follows: firstly, the raw material carbonized at high temperature is subjected to hydrothermal treatment (short for acid treatment) under an acidic condition, and then is subjected to hydrothermal treatment (short for alkali treatment) under an alkaline condition. The specific operation mode of the acid condition hydrothermal treatment is as follows: the raw material obtained by high-temperature carbonization is ground together with oleic acid, and then the ground mixture is dispersed into hydrochloric acid solution for hydrothermal treatment. The raw materials obtained by high-temperature carbonization and oleic acid are ground together to increase the dispersibility of the raw materials, and the dosage relationship between the raw materials and the oleic acid after high-temperature carbonization is 2-10g:0.5-3 mL. The purpose of the acid treatment is to reduce the carbon particle size of larger particles, provide preconditions for the next alkali treatment, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.05-0.15mol/L, the temperature of the acid treatment is 50-80 ℃ and the treatment time is 0.5-1 hour. During acid treatment, the dosage of the sample and the hydrochloric acid solution is not particularly required, so long as the sample can be completely immersed in the hydrochloric acid solution, and the whole acid treatment process can be carried out under ultrasound for the purpose of full reaction of the sample and the acid.
Further, the sample carbonized at high temperature is ground into fine powder and then mixed with oleic acid. After the acid treatment, the treated sample was washed to neutrality, dried, and then subjected to an alkali treatment.
Further, the specific operation mode of the hydrothermal treatment under the alkaline condition is as follows: the acid treated sample was added to sodium hydroxide solution for hydrothermal treatment. The purpose of the alkali treatment is to enable sodium ions and hydroxyl ions to enter the interlayer in an intercalation mode, the number of layers of carbon points is reduced, the crystallinity and the dispersibility of the carbon points can be increased by the hydrothermal treatment, high-brightness luminescence is obtained, the concentration of NaOH solution is 0.05-0.15mol/L, the temperature of the alkali treatment is 120-200 ℃, and the treatment time is 1-5 hours. In the alkali treatment, the dosage of the sample and the sodium hydroxide solution is not particularly required, so long as the sample can be completely immersed in the sodium hydroxide solution.
Further, after alkali treatment, the sample is washed to be neutral, and then dried and dispersed into the aqueous solution of thioglycollic acid, so that the green luminous carbon dots with good dispersibility are obtained. The thioglycollic acid aqueous solution can enable carbon points to be better dispersed, agglomeration of the carbon points is prevented, and the concentration of the thioglycollic acid is generally 0.5-2wt%.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a specific method for preparing a green luminescent carbon dot is provided, including the following steps:
(1) Calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus at 600-800 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours under inert conditions, and grinding into fine powder for later use;
(2) Taking 2-10g of the fine powder in the step (1), dropwise adding 0.5-3 mL of oleic acid, grinding in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.1M hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 hour at 50-80 ℃, centrifuging, washing to be neutral, and drying;
(3) Taking 2-10g of the fine powder in the step (2), putting the fine powder into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 1-5 hours at the temperature of 120-200 ℃, centrifugally separating, washing to be neutral, drying, and dispersing the dried powder into an aqueous solution containing 1wt% of thioglycollic acid to obtain the green luminous carbon dots.
According to the invention, the carbon dots are prepared by adopting a special method, the particle size of the obtained carbon dots is smaller than 20 nanometers, single green light can be emitted, the light-emitting brightness is high, the light-emitting efficiency is high, bright green can be observed under the condition of a common photo, better light-emitting property can be obtained by assisting the carbon dots, and the carbon dots have strong application potential in the fields of image probes and light emission.
According to the invention, the high-temperature carbonization method is utilized for the first time to obtain the high-crystallinity graphite phase carbon by taking the coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus as raw materials, the crystallinity of the graphite phase carbon is enhanced, and then the high-brightness green luminous carbon dots are obtained by carrying out acid-base water heat treatment on the graphite phase carbon, wherein the carbon dots can be directly shot under the ordinary laboratory illumination condition to observe bright and single green, do not need to be shot under the ultraviolet illumination, have higher luminous efficiency and high luminous brightness, and solve the problems of poor luminous monochromaticity, low luminous efficiency and low luminous brightness of the ordinary carbon dots. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, has the advantages of high brightness of the carbon dots, good monochromaticity and excellent luminescence property, can assist the carbon dots to obtain better luminescence property, and has strong application potential in the fields of image probes, fluorescent tracing, luminescence and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photoluminescence spectrum of the product obtained in example 1 of the present invention and a picture under ordinary illumination.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, it being understood that the following description is intended to illustrate the invention and is not to be limiting in its context.
Example 1
1.1 Calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus for 1 hour at 700 ℃ under inert conditions, and grinding the coffee grounds into fine powder for later use;
1.2 Taking 5 g of the fine powder in the step 1.1, dripping oleic acid 1 mL, grinding for 10 minutes in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.1M (mol/L, the same applies below) hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 hours at 60 ℃, centrifuging, washing to be neutral, and drying;
1.3 Taking 5 g of fine powder obtained in the step 1.2, dispersing into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 3 hours at 150 ℃, centrifuging, washing to neutrality, drying, dispersing the dried powder into 1wt% thioglycollic acid-containing aqueous solution, and obtaining the green luminous carbon dot-containing solution without agglomeration. The solution containing carbon dots was photographed directly under laboratory normal lighting conditions, as shown in the photograph of fig. 1, and the solution was bright green. The solution is photographed under a common illumination lamp in a laboratory, the obtained photoluminescence spectrogram is shown in figure 1, and the sample shows very bright green fluorescence, so that the sample can be excited under the common illumination lamp, the brightness is very high, and further, the good luminescent property of the carbon dot synthesized by the method is further shown.
Example 2
2.1 Calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus at 600 ℃ for 1 hour under inert conditions, and grinding the coffee grounds into fine powder for later use;
2.2 Taking 2 g of the fine powder in the step 1.1, dripping oleic acid 1 mL, grinding for 10 minutes in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.1M (mol/L, the same applies below) hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 hours at 60 ℃, centrifuging, washing to be neutral, and drying;
2.3 Taking 4 g of fine powder obtained in the step 1.2, dispersing into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 3 hours at 150 ℃, centrifuging, washing to neutrality, drying, dispersing the dried powder into 1wt% thioglycollic acid-containing aqueous solution, and obtaining the green luminous carbon dot-containing solution without agglomeration. This carbon dot performs similarly to example 1, and its solution also appears green under laboratory normal lighting conditions as in fig. 1.
Example 3
3.1 calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus at 600 ℃ for 2 hours under inert conditions, and grinding into fine powder for later use;
3.2 taking 2 g of the fine powder in the step 3.1, dripping 0.5. 0.5 mL of oleic acid, grinding for 10 minutes in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.1M hydrochloric acid solution, dispersing for 0.5 hour at 50 ℃ in an ultrasonic manner, centrifuging, washing to be neutral, and drying;
3.3 dispersing 2 g of the fine powder obtained in the step 3.2 into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 1 hour at 120 ℃, centrifuging, washing to neutrality, drying, dispersing the dried powder into 1wt% thioglycollic acid-containing aqueous solution, and obtaining the green luminous carbon dots. This carbon dot performs similarly to example 1, and its solution also appears green under laboratory normal lighting conditions as in fig. 1.
Example 4
4.1 calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus at 800 ℃ for 0.5 hour under inert conditions, and then grinding into fine powder for later use;
4.2 taking 10g of the fine powder in the step 4.1, dripping oleic acid 3 mL, grinding for 10 minutes in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.05M hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 hours at 80 ℃, and then centrifugally separating, washing to be neutral and drying;
4.3 dispersing 10g of the fine powder obtained in the step 4.2 into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 5 hours at 200 ℃, then centrifugally separating, washing to be neutral, then drying, and dispersing the dried powder into an aqueous solution containing 1wt% of thioglycollic acid to obtain the green luminous carbon dots. This carbon dot performs similarly to example 1, and its solution also appears green under laboratory normal lighting conditions as in fig. 1.
Example 5
5.1 calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus at 750 ℃ under inert conditions for 1 hour, and then grinding into fine powder for later use;
5.2 taking 6 g of the fine powder in the step 5.1, dripping oleic acid 2 mL, grinding for 10 minutes in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.15M hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 hours at 75 ℃, and then centrifugally separating, washing to be neutral and drying;
5.3 dispersing 6 g of the fine powder obtained in the step 5.2 into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 3 hours at 180 ℃, then centrifugally separating, washing to be neutral, then drying, and dispersing the dried powder into 1wt% thioglycollic acid-containing aqueous solution to obtain the green luminous carbon dots. This carbon dot performs similarly to example 1, and its solution also appears green under laboratory normal lighting conditions as in fig. 1.
Comparative example 1
Carbon dots were prepared as in example 1, except that: directly carrying out alkali treatment on the high-temperature carbonized fine powder, wherein the specific operation is as follows:
calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus for 1 hour at 700 ℃ under inert conditions, and grinding the coffee grounds into fine powder for later use;
taking 5 g of the fine powder, dispersing the fine powder into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 3 hours at 150 ℃, centrifuging and washing the mixture to be neutral, drying the mixture, dispersing the dried powder into aqueous solution containing 1wt% of thioglycollic acid, dispersing the powder into the aqueous solution of thioglycollic acid well, and not agglomerating, wherein the solution is dark blue-green under the ordinary illumination condition of a laboratory, and does not show high-brightness green.
Comparative example 2
Carbon dots were prepared as in example 1, except that: in the step 1.1, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 500 ℃, the carbonization of the product is incomplete, and the finally obtained product does not emit light under the irradiation of a strong ultraviolet lamp.
Comparative example 3
Carbon dots were prepared as in example 1, except that: naOH is not added in the hydrothermal process in the step 1.3, and the specific operation is as follows:
calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus for 1 hour at 700 ℃ under inert conditions, and grinding the coffee grounds into fine powder for later use;
taking 5 g of the fine powder, dripping 1 mL of oleic acid, grinding for 10 minutes in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.1M (mol/L, the same applies below) hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 hours at 60 ℃, centrifuging, washing to be neutral, and drying;
taking 5 g of the acid-treated fine powder, dispersing the fine powder into water, reacting for 3 hours at 150 ℃, then centrifugally separating and drying the fine powder, dispersing the dried powder into an aqueous solution containing 1wt% of thioglycollic acid, agglomerating the powder in the aqueous solution of the thioglycollic acid, and not emitting light under the irradiation of a strong ultraviolet lamp.
Comparative example 4
Carbon dots were prepared as in example 1, except that: the acid-base treatment sequence of steps 1.2 and 1.3 is replaced, and the specific operation is as follows:
calcining 10g of coffee grounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus for 1 hour at 700 ℃ under inert conditions, and grinding the coffee grounds into fine powder for later use;
dispersing 5 g of the fine powder into 0.1M NaOH solution, reacting for 3 hours at 150 ℃, centrifuging, washing to be neutral, and drying;
taking 5 g of the above alkali-treated fine powder, dripping oleic acid 1 mL, grinding for 10 minutes in an agate mortar, dispersing into 0.1M (mol/L, the same applies below) hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 hours at 60 ℃, centrifuging, washing to be neutral, and drying;
the dried powder was dispersed in an aqueous solution containing 1wt% of thioglycollic acid, the powder was poorly dispersed in the aqueous thioglycollic acid solution, and the sample did not emit light under irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a green luminous carbon dot is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking coffee grounds as raw materials, carbonizing the raw materials at high temperature, performing hydrothermal treatment on the raw materials subjected to high-temperature carbonization under an acidic condition, and performing hydrothermal treatment under an alkaline condition to obtain green luminous carbon dots;
high-temperature carbonization is carried out in inert atmosphere, and the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization is 600-800 ℃;
the specific operation mode of the hydrothermal treatment under the acidic condition is as follows: grinding the raw materials obtained by high-temperature carbonization together with oleic acid, dispersing the ground mixture into hydrochloric acid solution for hydrothermal treatment, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.05-0.15mol/L, the treatment temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the treatment time is 0.5-1 hour;
the specific operation mode of the hydrothermal treatment under the alkaline condition is as follows: adding the sample subjected to the hydrothermal treatment under the acidic condition into a sodium hydroxide solution for carrying out the hydrothermal treatment, wherein the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.05-0.15mol/L, the treatment temperature is 120-200 ℃, and the treatment time is 1-5 hours;
the sample after the hydrothermal treatment under alkaline conditions was washed to neutrality and then dispersed into an aqueous thioglycollic acid solution.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when in hydro-thermal treatment under the acidic condition, the consumption relation of the raw materials and oleic acid after high-temperature carbonization is 2-10g:0.5-3 mL.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the hydrothermal treatment under the acidic condition, the sample is washed to be neutral, and then the hydrothermal treatment is carried out under the alkaline condition.
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