CN115124227A - Tempering furnace device for processing tempered glass - Google Patents
Tempering furnace device for processing tempered glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115124227A CN115124227A CN202210762786.5A CN202210762786A CN115124227A CN 115124227 A CN115124227 A CN 115124227A CN 202210762786 A CN202210762786 A CN 202210762786A CN 115124227 A CN115124227 A CN 115124227A
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- piston
- heating device
- shell
- heat sink
- interlayer
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- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
- C03B27/0404—Nozzles, blow heads, blowing units or their arrangements, specially adapted for flat or bent glass sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a toughened glass production facility specifically discloses a toughened furnace device is used in toughened glass processing, including heating device, heat sink and conveyor, heating device, the heat sink sets gradually from a left side to the right side, be provided with high temperature heating assembly in the heating device, but conveyor is provided with the transfer roller structure of horizontal transfer glass piece, inside conveyor level passed heating device and heat sink, be provided with the fan group that can cool down the glass piece in the heat sink, be equipped with constant temperature unit between heating device's export and the entry of heat sink. The scheme can avoid the excessive expansion with heat and contraction with cold of the toughened glass caused by the large temperature difference of the outlet of the heating section, and the circulating hot air flow is reduced and dissipated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to toughened glass production equipment, in particular to a toughening furnace device for processing toughened glass.
Background
In the glass toughening process, glass which is subjected to heat treatment in a heating section is sent into a toughening cooling section through a roller way conveying mechanism, in order to avoid heat loss of the heating section and influence of air cooling of the cooling section on working equipment of the heating section, a roller way transition section with a certain distance is usually arranged between toughening and annealing, and the transition section is influenced by the temperature of outside air, when the same toughening parameters are set, the temperature difference between winter and summer causes the performance difference of the toughened glass in different seasons, the toughened glass is easy to warp due to large temperature difference at the moment of leaving the heating section, even the toughened glass is cracked due to edge breakage caused by excessive thermal expansion and cold contraction, if the tempered glass is cooled suddenly and rapidly, the cracking phenomenon is very high, and the normal production of the tempered glass is affected and the production cost of the tempered glass is increased due to the cracking of the tempered glass, so that a new method is urgently needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a toughening furnace device for processing toughened glass, which aims to solve the problem that the toughened glass is broken due to excessive thermal expansion and cold contraction caused by large temperature difference at an outlet of a heating section.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following basic scheme: a tempering furnace device for processing tempered glass comprises a heating device, a cooling device and a conveying device, wherein the heating device and the cooling device are sequentially arranged from left to right, a high-temperature heating assembly is arranged in the heating device, the conveying device is provided with a conveying roller structure capable of horizontally conveying glass sheets, the conveying device horizontally penetrates through the heating device and the cooling device, a fan set capable of cooling the glass sheets is arranged in the cooling device, and a constant-temperature unit is arranged between an outlet of the heating device and an inlet of the cooling device;
the constant temperature unit is provided with a shell and a piston capable of moving up and down in the shell along the inner wall, the shell is provided with an interlayer, the upper space of the piston is communicated with the interlayer through a one-way valve, and a pipeline penetrates through the interlayer and is communicated with the inside of the heating device and the inside of the shell.
The beneficial effect of this basic scheme does:
the air flow in the heating device is led into the constant temperature unit through the constant temperature unit, so that heat flow is formed around the tempered glass just moved out of the heating device, the glass is prevented from being exposed to the condition of sudden heating and quenching at room temperature instantly, and the tempered glass is not broken in practical use, so that the aim of the invention is fulfilled. Meanwhile, the heat dissipation of airflow is reduced by adopting the design of the interlayer shell, the utilization efficiency of heat is improved, and the energy-saving effect is also achieved.
The first preferred scheme is as follows: as a further optimization of the basic scheme, the opening of the shell is downward and is positioned right above the conveying roller structure, the bottom of the interlayer is provided with a second one-way valve, and the second one-way valve only enables airflow to flow outwards from the interlayer. By adopting the design of the lower opening, the space below the piston can contain certain heat flow while the piston pushes the air flow out of the interlayer, so that the heat loss is reduced.
The preferred scheme II is as follows: as a further optimization of the first preferred scheme, the piston comprises a first piston and a second piston, the first piston and the second piston are coaxially arranged, and the first piston is sleeved outside the second piston; the inner wall of the shell is provided with a convex edge, the first piston is provided with a groove capable of penetrating through the convex edge, the first piston and the second piston are internally provided with a one-way valve III, and the one-way valve III only enables gas to flow from bottom to top. The hot air in the shell and the air flow in the heating device are recycled by adopting a double-piston structure, so that the heat utilization rate is improved.
The preferable scheme is three: as a further optimization of the second preferred scheme, a reed is arranged in the interlayer, a limiting ball is arranged at the end part of the reed, and the limiting ball in a natural state protrudes towards the inner wall of the shell; and a stop block is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the shell. The second piston is limited by the reed and the limiting ball, and the piston is prevented from falling.
The preferable scheme is four: as a further optimization of the third preferred embodiment, a spindle-shaped sleeve is arranged on the rod wall of the second piston, and a claw-shaped elastic sheet is arranged on the inner wall of the first piston and is made of an elastic material. So that the second piston can move together with the first piston when moving from bottom to top.
The preferable scheme is five: as a further optimization of the preferable scheme four, an electric push rod is arranged at the upper end of the piston and electrically connected with an external controller. And controlling the discharge time of the heat flow by using a control system, and synchronously carrying out the discharge of the tempered glass in the heating section.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a thermostat device in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overall schematic view of the toughening furnace apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a heating device 1, a cooling device 2, a conveying device 3, a thermostatic unit 4, a shell 5, a first check valve 51, an interlayer 6, a second check valve 62, a pipeline 7, a first piston 8, a third check valve 81, a second piston 9, a convex rib 10, a reed 11, a limiting ball 12, a stop block 13, an elastic sheet 14 and a sleeve 15.
Example 1:
embodiment 1 is basically as shown in figure 1, a tempering furnace device for toughened glass processing, including heating device 1, heat sink 2 and conveyor 3, heating device 1, heat sink 2 sets gradually from a left side to the right side, install the high temperature heating subassembly in the heating device 1, the high temperature heating subassembly includes hot-blast main and radiant heating pipe, the high temperature heating subassembly is installed in the furnace body, the inner wall of furnace body is fixed with the heated board, the import has been seted up to one side of furnace body, fixed mounting has the high temperature fan on the furnace body, the equal fixed mounting hot-blast main in high temperature fan both sides, the equal fixed mounting of two hot-blast main one ends has hot-blast header, hot-blast spray tube is all installed to two hot-blast header one sides, the inside fixed mounting radiant heating pipe of furnace body. Conveying device 3 level passes inside heating device 1 and heat sink 2, conveying device 3 is provided with the transfer roller structure of horizontal transfer glass piece, the transfer roller structure is horizontal ceramic roller rollgang, install ceramic roller heating plate in the ceramic roller on the horizontal ceramic roller rollgang, ceramic roller heating plate heats the ceramic roller, be provided with the fan group that can cool down the glass piece in the heat sink 2, the heat sink is shell structure outward, the fan is organized the top that is located the casing, fan group passes through induced duct and cooling air grid intercommunication, the cooling air grid sets up on the inner wall of casing and lies in the upper and lower both sides of horizontal ceramic roller rollgang, be convenient for carry out cooling process to glass, evenly be equipped with a plurality of wind channels on the cooling air grid. A constant temperature unit 4 is arranged between the outlet of the heating device 1 and the inlet of the cooling device 2;
the thermostatic unit 4 is provided with a shell 5 and a piston which can move up and down in the shell 5 along the inner wall, the shell 5 is provided with an interlayer 6, the upper space of the piston is communicated with the interlayer 6 through a one-way valve 51, the one-way valve 51 only enables air flow to flow from the inside of the shell 5 to the inside of the interlayer 6, the side wall of the shell 5 is provided with a pipeline 7, and the pipeline 7 penetrates through the interlayer 6 and is communicated with the inside of the heating device 1 and the inside of the shell 5.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the piston is located bottom in the casing 5, and inside the inside air current of heating device 1 got into casing 5, before glass shifted out heating device 1, the piston shifts up, and the hot gas flow gets into intermediate layer 6 and blows to the transfer roller from intermediate layer 6 bottom through check valve 51, builds the heat flow environment with the air around the transfer roller, and toughened glass dashes out heating device 1 and follows the transfer roller and gets into heat sink 2.
Example 2:
The air flow in the heating device 1 is guided into the constant temperature unit 4 through the constant temperature unit 4, so that heat flow is formed around the toughened glass which is just moved out of the heating device 1, the glass is prevented from being exposed to sudden heat and shock at room temperature instantly, meanwhile, the shell 5 of the interlayer 6 is adopted to reduce the heat loss of the air flow, and the utilization efficiency of the heat is improved.
The thermostatic unit 4 is provided with a shell 5 and a piston which can move up and down along the inner wall in the shell 5, the shell 5 is provided with a downward opening and is positioned right above the conveying roller structure, the shell 5 is provided with an interlayer 6, the bottom of the interlayer 6 is provided with a second one-way valve 62, and the second one-way valve 62 only enables air flow to flow outwards from the interlayer 6. By adopting the design of the lower opening, when the piston pushes the airflow out of the interlayer 6, the space below the piston can contain certain heat flow, thereby reducing the heat loss.
The upper space of the piston is communicated with the interlayer 6 through a one-way valve 51, the one-way valve 51 only enables air flow to flow from the inside of the shell 5 to the inside of the interlayer 6, a pipeline 7 is arranged on the side wall of the shell 5, and the pipeline 7 penetrates through the interlayer 6 and is communicated with the inside of the heating device 1 and the inside of the shell 5. So that the hot air flow in the heating device 1 can enter the interior of the housing 5 through the duct 7, providing a source of hot air available to the thermostatic unit 4.
The piston comprises a first piston 8 and a second piston 9, the first piston 8 and the second piston 9 are coaxially arranged, and the first piston 8 is sleeved outside the second piston 9. The inner wall of the shell 5 is provided with a rib 10, the first piston 8 is provided with a groove which can penetrate through the rib 10, and a pipeline 7 communicated with the heating device 1 is positioned below the rib 10. When the first piston 9 and the second piston 9 integrally move upwards, the first piston 8 can move upwards all the time to the top of the shell 5, the second piston 9 is limited by the stop of the convex ribs 10, and the second piston 9 and the pipeline 7 on the inner wall are positioned on the same level to block the pipeline 7.
And a third check valve 81 is arranged in the first piston 8 and the second piston 9, and the third check valve 81 only enables gas to flow from bottom to top. The hot air in the shell 5 and the air flow in the heating device 1 are recycled by adopting a double-piston structure, so that the heat utilization rate is improved.
The spring plate 11 is arranged in the interlayer 6, the end part of the spring plate 11 is fixed with the limiting ball 12, the structure of the spring plate 11 and the limiting ball 12 is similar to the clamp spring structure of the telescopic umbrella handle of the umbrella, the limiting ball 12 in a natural state protrudes towards the inner wall of the shell 5, after the limiting ball is slidingly extruded by the piston, the limiting ball 12 is pressed into the interlayer 6, and the spring plate 11 recovers to deform after the piston leaves so that the limiting ball 12 resets. The second piston 9 for plugging the pipeline 7 is limited between the convex rib 10 and the limiting ball 12 by the reed 11 and the limiting ball 12, and the second piston 9 is prevented from falling.
An electric push rod is arranged at the upper end of the first piston 8 and is electrically connected with an external controller, and the electric push rod is used as a power source for driving the first piston 8 to move up and down. A spindle-shaped sleeve 15 is sleeved on the rod wall of the second piston 9, a claw-shaped elastic sheet 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the first piston 8, and the elastic sheet 14 is made of an elastic material. A stop block 13 is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the shell 5 and used for pushing the first piston 8, when the first piston 8 and the second piston 9 move downwards to the bottommost end of the shell 5 together, the stop block 13 stops the second piston 9, the spindle-shaped sleeve 15 is positioned accordingly, the first piston 8 is continuously pushed downwards by the electric push rod, the clamping jaw-shaped elastic sheet 14 slightly stretches towards two sides under the action of thrust to pass through the widest part of the spindle-shaped sleeve 15, finally the first piston 8 is pushed downwards to be attached to the second piston 9, and air flow between the second piston 9 and the first piston 8 flows upwards through a check valve III 81 on the first piston 8; when the first piston 8 moves upwards under the action of the electric push rod, the elastic sheet 14 is blocked by the sleeve 15 and is positioned below the widest part of the sleeve 15, so that the second piston 9 and the first piston 8 move upwards together until the second piston 9 is blocked by the rib 10, the first piston 8 is pulled upwards, the elastic sheet 14 stretches slightly towards two sides to pass through the widest part of the spindle-shaped sleeve 15, the first piston 8 moves upwards independently, hot air below the second piston 9 flows into a space between the first piston 8 and the second piston 9 through the check valve III 81, air flow above the first piston 8 enters the interlayer 6 through the check valve I51 and is blown outwards through the check valve II 62 again, and the purpose of recycling the hot air flow is achieved.
The specific implementation process is as follows:
the hot air flow enters the housing 5 from the inside of the heating device 1: when the heating device starts, the second piston 9 is positioned between the convex rib 10 and the limiting ball 12, the pipeline 7 is closed by the second piston 9, the electric push rod is started, the first piston 8 moves downwards and pushes the second piston 9 to move downwards, the pipeline 7 is opened until the second piston 9 is blocked by the block 13, hot air flows into a space between the first piston 9 and the second piston 9 and above the first piston 8, the first piston 8 continues to push downwards, the elastic sheet 14 opens outwards, the first piston 8 is attached to the second piston 9, the hot air is completely positioned in the shell 5, the controller controls the electric push rod to enable the first piston 8 to move upwards, hot air enters the interlayer 6 through the first check valve 51 under the pressure action of the first piston 8 and is ejected from the second check valve at the bottom of the interlayer 6 to the outlet of the heating device 1 until the second piston 9 is blocked by the block 13 and blocks the pipeline 7, the limiting ball 12 pops up to limit the second piston 9, the elastic sheet 14 on the first piston 8 is separated from the sleeve 15, the first piston 8 alone moves upwards, external air is required to be filled between the first piston 8 and the second piston 9, at the moment, heat flow ejected from the outside is sucked into the opening below the shell 5 and enters between the second piston 9 and the first piston 8 along the check valve III 81 on the second piston 9, and meanwhile, the first piston 8 moving upwards pushes the heat flow above the second piston into the interlayer 6.
The hot air flow injected at the outlet of the heating device 1 flows back to the heating device 1 through the pipeline 7: at the moment, the first piston 8 is located at the top in the shell 5, the second piston 9 is limited between the rib 10 and the limiting ball 12, the electric push rod pushes the first piston 8 to move downwards, gas between the first piston 8 and the second piston 9 pushes the second piston 9 to move downwards, after the second piston 9 leaves the pipeline 7, the first piston 8 pushes the gas flow into the pipeline 7 until the first piston 8 moves to the lower part of the pipeline 7, and the heat flow is introduced into the shell 5 again from the pipeline 7.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the schemes is not described herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a tempering furnace device for toughened glass processing, includes heating device, heat sink and conveyor, heating device, heat sink set gradually from a left side to the right side, are provided with the high temperature heating subassembly in the heating device, but conveyor is provided with the transfer roller structure of horizontal transfer glass piece, and inside conveyor level passed heating device and heat sink, be provided with the fan group that can cool down the glass piece in the heat sink, its characterized in that: a constant temperature unit is arranged between the outlet of the heating device and the inlet of the cooling device;
the constant temperature unit is provided with a shell and a piston capable of moving up and down in the shell along the inner wall, the shell is provided with an interlayer, the upper space of the piston is communicated with the interlayer through a one-way valve, and a pipeline penetrates through the interlayer and is communicated with the inside of the heating device and the inside of the shell.
2. The toughening furnace device for processing the tempered glass according to claim 1, wherein: the opening of the shell is downward and is positioned right above the conveying roller structure, the bottom of the interlayer is provided with a one-way valve II, and the two one-way valves only enable airflow to flow outwards from the interlayer.
3. The toughening furnace device for processing the tempered glass according to claim 2, wherein: the piston comprises a first piston and a second piston, the first piston and the second piston are coaxially arranged, and the first piston is sleeved outside the second piston; the inner wall of the shell is provided with a convex edge, the first piston is provided with a groove capable of penetrating through the convex edge, the first piston and the second piston are internally provided with a third one-way valve, and the third one-way valve only enables gas to flow from bottom to top.
4. The toughening furnace device for processing the tempered glass according to claim 3, wherein: a reed is arranged in the interlayer, a limiting ball is arranged at the end part of the reed, and the limiting ball in a natural state protrudes towards the inner wall of the shell; and a stop block is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the shell.
5. A tempering furnace apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the rod wall of the second piston is provided with a spindle-shaped sleeve, the inner wall of the first piston is provided with a claw-shaped elastic sheet, and the elastic sheet is made of an elastic material.
6. A tempering furnace apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: and the upper end of the piston is provided with an electric push rod which is electrically connected with an external controller.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202210762786.5A CN115124227B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Tempering furnace device for tempered glass processing |
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CN202210762786.5A CN115124227B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Tempering furnace device for tempered glass processing |
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CN115124227A true CN115124227A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
CN115124227B CN115124227B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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Citations (7)
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000290030A (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-17 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Apparatus for producing tempered glass |
US6282923B1 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 2001-09-04 | Uniglass Engineering Oy | Heating glass sheets in tempering furnace |
US20040093904A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-20 | John Haws | Furnace apparatus and method for tempering low emissivity glass |
KR101626282B1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-06-02 | 주식회사 도우인시스 | Apparatus for Heat Treatment Before Chemical Strengthening of Glass and Heat Treatment Method Thereof |
CN109081568A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2018-12-25 | 北海振荣信息科技有限公司 | A kind of armoured glass production device |
CN111204962A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-05-29 | 重庆星源玻璃器皿有限责任公司 | Cold-joining process for glass kettle |
CN216738062U (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-14 | 南平市奇全玻璃有限公司 | Novel glass tempering furnace |
-
2022
- 2022-06-29 CN CN202210762786.5A patent/CN115124227B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6282923B1 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 2001-09-04 | Uniglass Engineering Oy | Heating glass sheets in tempering furnace |
JP2000290030A (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-17 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Apparatus for producing tempered glass |
US20040093904A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-20 | John Haws | Furnace apparatus and method for tempering low emissivity glass |
KR101626282B1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-06-02 | 주식회사 도우인시스 | Apparatus for Heat Treatment Before Chemical Strengthening of Glass and Heat Treatment Method Thereof |
CN109081568A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2018-12-25 | 北海振荣信息科技有限公司 | A kind of armoured glass production device |
CN111204962A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-05-29 | 重庆星源玻璃器皿有限责任公司 | Cold-joining process for glass kettle |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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王鸿博;周军山;张克丽;许中明;何宏安;: "玻璃钢化设备的节能方法与关键技术", 装备制造技术, no. 09, pages 59 - 63 * |
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