CN1151223A - 带特殊磁芯材料的差分电流保护开关 - Google Patents

带特殊磁芯材料的差分电流保护开关 Download PDF

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CN1151223A
CN1151223A CN95193648.4A CN95193648A CN1151223A CN 1151223 A CN1151223 A CN 1151223A CN 95193648 A CN95193648 A CN 95193648A CN 1151223 A CN1151223 A CN 1151223A
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伯恩哈德·鲍尔
曼弗雷德·克利迈耶
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/332—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means responsive to dc component in the fault current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
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    • H01F2038/305—Constructions with toroidal magnetic core

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Abstract

一种差分电流保护开关DI开关，它使用累加电流互感器和在该累加电流互感器的次级绕组的一个次级电路中接入的释放机构工作，由开关接点保护的导体接入初级电路中。建议该累加电流互感器带具有下述数值的磁芯材料：—在用＝500mA/cm励磁后的剩磁感应强度Br相对于＝500mA/cm时的磁感应强度Bmax有下面的关系：Br/Bmax≤0.5；—相对磁导率μr在4mA/cm时的小交流调制下为μ4，μ4≥30000；—在H＝250mA/cm时的匀强磁场调制和重叠小交流磁场调制下的可逆磁导率，亦即相对磁导率μrev≥3000；—交流磁场强度的磁感应强度B在频率为50Hz和振幅为50mA/cm时为B≥0.6T。

Description

带特殊磁芯材料的差 分电流保护开关
本发明涉及一种称为DI开关的差分电流保护开关，它以累加电流互感器和在该累加电流互感器的次级绕组的一个次级电路中接入的释放机构来工作。为保护导体的开关接点设置在初级电路中。
DI开关以电子分析或电子放大电路工作，并需要一个电源为其辅助电路(Bordnetz)供电。但是除去交流故障电流和脉冲直流故障电流之外它也允许通过特别的调谐或者特别的防护措施采集和触发滤波直流故障电流。在实践中，人们想设置一些单元，这些单元被调谐用于采集交流故障电流和脉冲直流故障电流，以及另一些用于采集滤波直流故障电流的单元。在传统的累加电流互感器中装备的采集交流故障电流和脉冲故障电流的单元由于滤波直流故障电流使得在其释放时不灵敏，这是很不利的。
本发明的目的在于开发一种对交流电流敏感或者对交流和脉冲电流敏感的DI开关，其累加电流互感器装备一个磁芯材料，在对直流电流敏感的差分电流装置的触发极限内的滤波直流故障电流不会对这种磁芯材料相应于交流故障电流和脉冲故障电流的敏感性产生不允许的影响。本发明的另一个目的是开发一种差分电流保护开关，其额定故障电流在宽范围内，尤其在30mA和3A之间可以调整，而不必在调整不同的额定故障电流时丢弃设计原则。
本发明的目的是这样实现的，即通过采用一种差分电流保护开关-DI开关，其以累加电流互感器和在该电流互感器的次级绕组的次级电路中接入的释放机构来工作，其中在初级电路中设置有通过开关触点保护的导体，该累加电流互感器具有带下述数值的一个磁芯材料：
-在用 ＝500mA/cm励磁后的剩磁感应强度Br相对于 ＝500mA/cm时的磁感应强度Bmax有下面的关系： Br B max ≤ 0.5 ;
-相对磁导率μr在4mA/cm时的小交流调制下为μ4，μ4≥30000；
-在H＝250mA/cm时的匀强磁场调制和重叠小交流磁场调制下的可逆磁导率，亦即相对磁导率μrev≥3000；
-交流磁场强度的磁感应强度B在频率为50Hz和振幅为50mA/cm时为B≥0.6T。
第一条件，也叫做第一保证值，在50Hz的交流电压下不需整流设备而确定，亦即，在交流电流下而不在假定由于单路或者双路整流而得到的脉冲电流下。其它的条件或者保证值在给定的条件下确定。
对带满足给定条件的累加电流互感器的DI开关，重叠直流故障电流对其释放动作不会产生不允许的影响。另一方面，一个DI开关在对特别是从30mA到3A的宽的范围内的不同额定故障电流可以按照一个设计原则调整。一个另外的优点在于，DI开关可以专门作为交流故障电流和脉冲直流故障电流的采集单元和作为滤波直流故障电流的采集单元，其中在释放区域不会出现不允许的反面的影响，使得预定的释放故障电流被相应的各采集单元所中止。
为使实践中保持在+85℃和-25℃之间的释放故障电流为足够恒定，在+25℃的磁感应强度B+25和在-25℃的磁感应强度B-25以及在+85℃的磁感应强度B+85之间应该存在下面的关系： 0.85 ≤ B - 25 B + 25 ≤ 1.15 0.85 ≤ B + 85 B + 25 ≤ 1.15 这些关系应该在磁场强度
Figure A9519364800044
的一个范围：4mA/cm≤ ≤400mA/cm之内成立。
现在借助于附图详细说明本发明。
图1至图3所示均为磁感应强度与磁场强度的关系。
图1中，横坐标是单位为0.05A/cm的场强
Figure A9519364800051
，纵坐标是单位为0.2T的磁感应强度
图2说明在场强为250mA/cm的匀强磁场调制和叠加小交流磁场调制的可逆磁导率，亦即相对磁导率μrev。横坐标表示匀强磁场H＝，纵坐标表示磁感应强度B。可逆磁导率作为ΔB～对ΔH～的比产生。
在图3中，横坐标表示以mA/cm为单位的场强H，而纵坐标表示以T为单位的磁感应强度B。图中曲线在4mA/cm处的下值表示第二个条件，而在250mA/cm处的上值表示第三个条件，在50mA/cm处的中值表示第四个条件。该曲线允许为中间值插值。
在带有用规定条件的磁芯材料制成的电流互感器的DI开关的场合，第一条件 Br B max ≤ 0.5 ; 与关于μ4的第二条件结合保证在小额定故障电流时可靠释放，而第三条件和第四条件结合保证在大额定故障电流时可靠释放。第二条件是为通常为0.7V的二极管电压例如作为过电压保护的反并联二极管保证冲击电流强度。
在图1中标出磁感应强度
Figure A9519364800054
与磁场强度 的关系。该曲线是在50Hz的交流调制下记录的，它说明第一条件 Br B max ≤ 0.5 。在小初级绕组，特别是在贯穿导体亦即N1＝1的小初级绕组中和在实践中需要大环形磁芯的高额定故障电流例如JN＝400A的场合场强非常小，也就是说只得到很小的磁感应强度B。为使释放故障电流不依赖于滤波直流电流的预磁化，必须选择 B r B max ≤ 0.5 的所谓F型磁芯材料。图1的例子是具有下述数值的磁芯材料，其中矫顽磁场强度(与横坐标的交点)用Hc、剩磁感应强度用Br、峰值磁场强度用H和峰值磁感应强度用B给出。环形磁芯的横截面用AFe、磁芯磁路长度用IFe、频率用f、初级绕组匝数用N1和次级绕组匝数用N2表示。环形磁芯的外径用da、内径用di、高度用h和测量时的温度用t表示。不存在由直流电流引起的重叠。形成图1的曲线的环形磁芯具有例如下面的数据：Hc＝0.0254A/cmBr＝0.3793T H ^ max = 0.4998 A / cm B ^ max = 0.9947 T AFe＝0.945cm2IFe＝24.19cmf＝50HzN1＝10N2＝10da＝8.40cmdi＝7.00cmh＝1.50cmt＝23℃此时有 Br B max 0.38 .
图2表示用于可逆磁导率μrev的第三保证条件。可逆磁导率由ΔB～对ΔH～的比产生。在大直流故障电流亦即高匀强磁场强度和小重叠交流故障电流的情况下，磁芯材料工作在饱和区。可逆磁导率亦即ΔB～对ΔH～的比值对于增加的匀强磁场强度H＝减小。为了在交流故障电流的场合提供在大匀强磁场强度的工作点下工作的一个足够大的信号，需要可逆磁导率在该工作点下足够大。对于数量级在3000mA亦即3A的大额定故障电流和交流电流在1.5和3.0之间的释放门限，当互感器的次级绕组的欧姆值很低且初级磁势的安培绕组匝数不是很大而是一个小的交流调制时，特别需要遵守对于可逆磁导率的第三条件。
图3再次给出在磁场强度H为250mA/cm时对可逆磁导率的第三条件和在磁场强度为4mA/cm时对μ4的第二条件。第四条件由对B≥0.6T的中间的曲线值表示。曲线的梯度按照关系
Figure A9519364800064
与μrev.μ0成正比。这里μ0是磁场常数或磁感应常数。
图3记录的是50Hz下的交流调制的B-H特征曲线。当使用以极薄的带卷成的钠晶粒磁芯材料时可以通过测量技术容易地实现同类特征曲线并特别好地给出统计比例，这是很有利的。50Hz时的涡流损失可以忽略。图3的特性曲线于是与一个缓慢升高的B-H特性曲线一致。带有由极薄的带卷成的钠晶粒材料的累加电流互感器市场有售。此间说明的条件与该种材料结合特别有利并最容易实现。

Claims (3)

1、一种差分电流保护开关-DI开关，其以累加电流互感器和在该电流互感器的次级绕组的次级电路中接入的释放机构来工作，其中在初级电路中设置有通过开关触点保护的导体，其特征在于，该累加电流互感器具有带下述数值的一个磁芯材料：
-在用 ＝500mA/cm励磁后的剩磁感应强度Br相对于 ＝500mA/cm时的磁感应强度Bmax有下面的关系： Br B max ≤ 0.5 ;
-相对磁导率μr在4mA/cm时的小交流调制下为μ4，μ4≥30000；
-在H＝250mA/cm时的匀强磁场调制和重叠小交流磁场调制下的可逆磁导率，亦即相对磁导率μrev≥3000；
-交流磁场强度的磁感应强度B在频率为50Hz和振幅为50mA/cm时为B≥0.6T。
2、根据权利要求1所述的DI开关，其特征在于，
在大约+25℃时的磁感应强度B+25和在-25℃时的磁感应强度B-25、以及在+85℃时的磁感应强度B+85在磁场强度
Figure A9519364800024
处于范围：4mA/cm≤
Figure A9519364800025
≤400mA/cm时，存在下述关系： 0.85 ≤ B - 25 B + 25 ≤ 1.15 0.85 ≤ B + 85 B + 25 ≤ 1.15
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的DI开关，其特征在于，所述累加电流互感器具有一个由薄带卷成的钠晶粒材料的磁芯。
CN95193648A 1994-09-19 1995-09-07 带磁芯材料的差分电流保护开关 Expired - Fee Related CN1051638C (zh)

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DE102017201239A1 (de) 2017-01-26 2018-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leistungsschalter
DE102017205004B4 (de) 2017-03-24 2022-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leistungsschalter

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US4366520A (en) * 1981-03-25 1982-12-28 Magnetic Metals Corporation Differential transformer core for pulse currents
US5110378A (en) * 1988-08-17 1992-05-05 Allied-Signal Inc. Metallic glasses having a combination of high permeability, low coercivity, low ac core loss, low exciting power and high thermal stability
US5284528A (en) * 1983-05-23 1994-02-08 Allied-Signal Inc. Metallic glasses having a combination of high permeability, low coercivity, low ac core loss, low exciting power and high thermal stability
DE3911480A1 (de) * 1989-04-08 1990-10-11 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Verwendung einer feinkristallinen eisen-basislegierung als magnetwerkstoff fuer fehlerstrom-schutzschalter
DE4210748C1 (de) * 1992-04-01 1993-12-16 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Stromwandler für pulsstromsensitive Fehlerstromschutzschalter, Fehlerstromschutzschalter mit einem solchen Stromwandler, und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung des Eisenlegierungsbandes für dessen Magnetkern

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CN103282976A (zh) * 2010-12-27 2013-09-04 Tdk株式会社 磁性体
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WO1996009639A1 (de) 1996-03-28
PL318263A1 (en) 1997-05-26
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