CN115121811A - Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer case and engine case - Google Patents
Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer case and engine case Download PDFInfo
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- CN115121811A CN115121811A CN202210778294.5A CN202210778294A CN115121811A CN 115121811 A CN115121811 A CN 115121811A CN 202210778294 A CN202210778294 A CN 202210778294A CN 115121811 A CN115121811 A CN 115121811A
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- welding
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- isostatic pressing
- hot isostatic
- electron beam
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of a powder-spread 3D printer cartridge case and an engine cartridge case, wherein the welding method is to carry out hot isostatic pressing treatment on parts of the powder-spread 3D printer cartridge case to be welded; performing electron beam welding on the part subjected to the hot isostatic pressing; and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the cartridge receiver subjected to electron beam welding again to finish welding of the powder-spread 3D printer cartridge receiver. According to the welding method, hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted before electron beam welding, the loosening defect of the 3D printing piece matrix is eliminated, the matrix is more compact, the quality of a subsequent welding seam is improved, meanwhile, hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted again after electron beam welding, the defects of looseness, cracks and the like in the electron beam welding seam are effectively eliminated, the welding seam is more compact, microcracks in the powder-spread 3D printing piece electron beam welding seam can be effectively controlled, and the use safety of parts is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding of 3D printer casings of aero-engines, and relates to a welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer casing and an engine casing.
Background
The material of a certain casing is GH4169, the overall dimension is relatively large (1140mm), the minimum wall thickness is only 2mm, and as the part has the characteristics of large dimension, thin wall, special shape and the like, a powder spreading 3D printing forming technology, namely a laser precision forming technology (SLM), a material increase manufacturing mode of layer-by-layer cladding is adopted, and after the casing of the fan-shaped section is printed, the casing of the multi-section fan-shaped section is welded into a whole through an electron beam welding process. After welding, the parts are subjected to X-ray detection, fluorescence detection and metallographic examination to ensure the quality of the parts. In the detection process, X-ray detection and fluorescence detection are both qualified, but in the metallographic detection, a welding seam is cut, a magnifying glass with the magnification of 100 times is used for detection, and a microcrack with the length of about 70-100 mu m is found on the welding seam, as shown in figure 1. Microcracks of this specification are not discernable by X-ray detection. When the engine is in a working process, the engine needs to face a high-temperature and high-pressure severe working environment, microcracks inside welding seams can become fatigue sources, the further expansion causes the welding seams to crack, and therefore the use safety performance of parts is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a welding method of a powder-laying 3D printer case and an engine case, so that microcracks generated in electron beam welding are effectively controlled, and the use safety of parts is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer casing comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on a part of the powder-spread 3D printer box to be welded;
s2: performing electron beam welding on the part subjected to the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1;
s3: and (5) performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the cartridge subjected to electron beam welding in the step S2 again to finish welding of the powder-spread 3D printer cartridge.
Preferably, the hot isostatic pressing temperature in the step S1 is more than 1100 ℃, and the holding time is 2 h.
Preferably, the pressure of hot isostatic pressing in step S1 is 160 MPa.
Preferably, before the electron beam welding, a layer-by-layer cladding additive manufacturing method is adopted to print a plurality of sections of fan-shaped casings, the plurality of sections of fan-shaped casings are provided with lugs, and the plurality of sections of fan-shaped casings are connected through the lugs during the electron beam welding.
Preferably, the hot isostatic pressing temperature in the step S3 is more than 1100 ℃, and the holding time is 2 h.
Preferably, the pressure in step S3 is 160 MPa.
Preferably, the steps S2 and S3 are completed before the quality inspection of the obtained part is performed.
Preferably, the quality detection items sequentially include X-ray detection, fluorescence detection and metallographic detection.
Preferably, the metallographic detection process specifically includes the steps of inspecting the electron beam weld joint by using a magnifying lens of at least 100 times, and observing whether cracks exist in the weld joint.
An engine case is prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
a hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted before electron beam welding, so that the defect of looseness of a 3D printing piece base body is eliminated, the base body is more compact, the quality of a subsequent welding seam is improved, meanwhile, the hot isostatic pressing treatment is adopted again after the electron beam welding, the defects of looseness, cracks and the like in the electron beam welding seam are effectively eliminated, the welding seam is more compact, the welding treatment method can effectively control microcracks in the electron beam welding seam of the powder-spread 3D printing piece, and the use safety of parts is ensured.
Furthermore, the hot isostatic pressing temperature before electron beam welding is higher than 1100 ℃, because the part is printed by laser 3D, trace strengthening elements are precipitated to the crystal boundary, if the hot isostatic pressing temperature is low, the amount of the trace elements fused into the crystal boundary is too small, the part is brittle, and the product quality is influenced. The temperature can be preferably 1165-1185 ℃, the temperature is about 200 ℃ higher than the solid solution temperature, the loose defect of the 3D printing piece matrix can be effectively eliminated, the matrix is more compact, and the quality improvement of subsequent welding seams is facilitated.
Furthermore, when the electron beam welding is carried out, the plurality of sections of the fan-shaped casings are connected through the lugs, and the connection mode can realize the assembly positioning before welding and is convenient and fast to operate on the premise of not using a special tool.
Furthermore, the hot isostatic pressing temperature after electron beam welding is more than 1100 ℃, because the part is printed by laser 3D, trace strengthening elements are precipitated to crystal boundaries, and if the hot isostatic pressing temperature is low, the amount of the trace elements fused into the crystal boundaries is too small, the part is brittle, and the product quality is influenced. The temperature can be preferably 1165-1185 ℃, the temperature is about 200 ℃ higher than the solid solution temperature, the defects of looseness, cracks and the like in the electron beam welding seam can be effectively eliminated, and the welding seam is more compact.
Further, the quality detection of the obtained part is included after the steps S2 and S3 are completed, so that the use safety of the part is effectively ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic picture of a test plate welded by a prior art welding technique;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer casing according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a round-to-square casing structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circular-to-square segmented weld distribution;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a test plate after welding by the welding process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which the product of the present invention is used to usually place, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not necessary to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal", if present, does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
A welding method of a powder-laying 3D printer casing refers to fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
s1: performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on a part of the powder-spread 3D printer box to be welded;
in the step, the hot isostatic pressing treatment temperature is 1165 ℃, the pressure is 160MPa, and the heat preservation time is 2 h. .
S2: performing electron beam welding on the part subjected to hot isostatic pressing in step S1;
before electron beam welding, a plurality of sections of fan-shaped casings are printed in a material increase manufacturing mode of cladding layer by layer, process lugs are arranged on the plurality of sections of fan-shaped casings, and holes are machined in the lugs. When the electron beam welding is carried out, the plurality of sections of the fan-shaped casings are positioned through the lug holes and connected through bolts.
S3: and (5) performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the cartridge subjected to electron beam welding in the step S2 again to complete welding of the powder-spread 3D printer cartridge.
In the step, the hot isostatic pressing is carried out at 1165 ℃, the pressure is 160MPa, and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
The structure of the welded casing is schematically shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen that the welded casing is formed as a whole. The schematic distribution diagram of the circular-square segmented welding seam is shown in fig. 4, and the distribution of the seam welded by the electron beam of the segmented casing can be seen from the diagram.
The present invention includes performing a quality inspection of the obtained part after completing steps S2 and S3. The quality detection items include X-ray detection, fluorescence detection, and metallographic detection in this order, and if any item is detected as being acceptable after step S2, it is not necessary to detect the item again after step S3. The metallographic detection process specifically comprises the steps of adopting a magnifying lens of at least 100 times to inspect an electron beam welding seam and observing whether cracks exist in the welding seam.
The invention also discloses an engine case which is manufactured by welding through the method.
Example 2
Taking a 3D printer case test of a certain type of engine as an example, the material is GH4169, the blank is a powder paving 3D printing sector section, the outline size is relatively large (1140mm), and the wall thickness is 2 mm. The specific process flow is as follows:
(1) hot isostatic pressing
And carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the test plate, wherein the heat treatment schedule is 1175 ℃, 160MPa, keeping the temperature for 2h, and cooling in a furnace.
(2) Electron beam welding
And (4) carrying out electron beam welding by using a 3D printing test plate in the same furnace state with the formal part.
(3) X-ray detection
And performing X-ray detection on all welding seam parts, wherein the X-ray is qualified.
(4) Fluorescence detection
All welding seam parts are subjected to fluorescence detection, and the fluorescence is free from problems.
(5) Metallographic examination
The weld was dissected and examined using a 100 magnification loupe to find 70-100 μm microcracks.
(6) Hot isostatic pressing
And carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the test plate, wherein the heat treatment schedule is 1175 ℃, 160MPa, keeping the temperature for 2h, and cooling in a furnace.
(7) Metallographic examination again
The weld was dissected and inspected again using a 100 magnification magnifier, and the microcracks disappeared. As shown in FIG. 5, no welding seam exists, and the use safety of the part is effectively ensured.
Example 3
This example is different from example 1 in that the treatment temperature of hot isostatic pressing in step S1 was 1170 ℃ and that of hot isostatic pressing in step S3 was 1170 ℃.
Example 4
This example is different from example 1 in that the treatment temperature of hot isostatic pressing in step S1 was 1175 ℃ and the treatment temperature of hot isostatic pressing in step S3 was 1170 ℃.
Example 5
This example is different from example 1 in that the treatment temperature for hot isostatic pressing in step S1 was 1180 ℃ and that for hot isostatic pressing in step S3 was 1175 ℃.
Example 6
This example is different from example 1 in that the treatment temperature of hot isostatic pressing in step S1 was 1185 ℃, and that of hot isostatic pressing in step S3 was 1185 ℃.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A welding method of a powder-spreading 3D printer casing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on a part of the powder-spread 3D printer box to be welded;
s2: performing electron beam welding on the part subjected to the hot isostatic pressing in the step S1;
s3: and (5) performing hot isostatic pressing treatment on the cartridge subjected to electron beam welding in the step S2 again to finish welding of the powder-spread 3D printer cartridge.
2. The method of welding a powder-coated 3D printer cartridge of claim 1, wherein the hot isostatic pressing in step S1 is performed at a temperature greater than 1100 ℃ for a holding time of 2 hours.
3. The method of welding a powder-laid 3D printer cartridge of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing in step S1 is 160 MPa.
4. The welding method of the powder-spread 3D printer casing according to claim 1, wherein before the electron beam welding, a plurality of segment fan-shaped casings are printed by using a layer-by-layer cladding additive manufacturing method, each segment fan-shaped casing is provided with a lug, and the segment fan-shaped casings are connected through the lugs when the electron beam welding is performed.
5. The method for welding the powder-laid 3D printer cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature in the step S3 is more than 1100 ℃, and the holding time is 2 hours.
6. The welding method of a powder-laid 3D printer case as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure in step S3 is 160 MPa.
7. The method for welding the powder-laid 3D printer casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps S2 and S3 are completed before the quality inspection of the obtained parts is carried out.
8. The welding method of the powder-laid 3D printer casing as claimed in claim 7, wherein the quality detection items comprise X-ray detection, fluorescence detection and metallographic detection in sequence.
9. The method for welding the powder-laid 3D printer casing according to claim 8, wherein the metallographic examination is performed by inspecting an electron beam weld using a magnifying glass of at least 100 times to see whether there is a crack in the weld.
10. An engine case, characterized by being produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210778294.5A CN115121811B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer casing and engine casing |
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| CN202210778294.5A CN115121811B (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Welding method of powder-spreading 3D printer casing and engine casing |
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| CN115121811B CN115121811B (en) | 2024-03-12 |
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| CN111283197A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-16 | 北京科技大学 | Hot isostatic pressing method for improving low plasticity of selective laser melting magnesium alloy |
| CN111676386A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-18 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for improving performance of CuCrZr material |
| CN111922347A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for 3D printing aluminum alloy |
| CN111985059A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-11-24 | 华中科技大学 | Part forming method and system based on additive manufacturing and hot isostatic pressing |
| CN112011713A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-12-01 | 中南大学 | Method for eliminating cracks of 3D printing nickel-based superalloy |
| CN112809021A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-18 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | Printing and post-processing method for manufacturing 40CrNi2Si2MoVA alloy steel by laser additive manufacturing |
| CN113462997A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method for improving weld performance after electron beam welding |
| CN113828924A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2021-12-24 | 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 | K438 high-temperature alloy welding method |
| CN114043109A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-02-15 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Composite connection method of large-size round-square 3D printer case |
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