CN115113297A - Method for determining lateral voltage direction and spatial positioning of deep ore body of hydrothermal polymetallic ore bed - Google Patents
Method for determining lateral voltage direction and spatial positioning of deep ore body of hydrothermal polymetallic ore bed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the lateral voltage and the spatial positioning of a deep mineral body of a hydrothermal polymetallic ore bed. The method is based on the fine analysis of the large-scale ore deposit structure, and analyzes the characteristics of the ore deposit ore control structure such as geometry, kinematics, mechanical properties, activity period, tectonic rock composition and the like through the ore control structure grade division and the structure analysis in different periods, different types and different directions; determining the mine control structure type and the mine formation structure system of the mine area through stage matching and screening of the mine area structure traces; analyzing and determining mechanical properties and kinematic characteristics of an ore-containing fractured zone in an ore-forming structural system, and judging the lateral direction and spatial positioning of deep ore bodies (groups) in the ore-containing fractured zone with different mechanical properties by combining an ore body longitudinal projection diagram; the method solves the technical problems of ore body lateral bending direction, lateral bending angle and spatial positioning judgment of the hydrothermal deposit, is beneficial to finding out the spatial distribution rule of deep ore bodies (groups), and provides important basis for deep ore finding prediction and exploration engineering arrangement of the mining area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining lateral orientation and spatial positioning of a deep mineral body of a hydrothermal polymetallic deposit, belonging to the field of mineral resource exploration.
Background
With the development and utilization of many mines for decades, the resource exhaustion dilemma becomes more prominent, so that the breakthrough of mineral resource exploration from the superficial level to the deep level needs to be realized, and the main development trend of resource exploration is to reveal the deep structure and material composition of mineral deposits and to make resources deep.
In the field of mineral exploration, the difficulty of finding minerals is continuously increased, and how to economically and quickly locate the direction of finding minerals in deep portions is of great importance to resource increasing and storage of mine enterprises. In the aspect of deep ore body positioning and prediction, a large number of technical method means are researched and developed by predecessors and mainly comprise geophysical prospecting methods such as a wide-area electromagnetic method, a time-frequency electromagnetic method, an induced polarization method, a transient electromagnetic method and the like, geochemical exploration and the like, and a relatively complete technical method system is formed. However, the technical methods generally have the characteristics of high exploration cost, high technical difficulty, long detection period and the like. Meanwhile, deep prospecting of mine enterprises is mainly based on the previous successful prospecting experience, and the main control factor of deposit formation is often neglected, so that the prospecting effect is cup of waterwheel salary. Therefore, it is very important to find out the spatial distribution pattern and occurrence rule of the deep ore body (group) in the mining area.
Whether many magma hydrothermal deposits in nature or non-magma post-hydrothermal deposits under construction control, the laterals of the ore body (group) are common. The lateral-lying law of the ore body is revealed, the deep-part depth-extending law of the ore body can be economically and rapidly found out, and the method has important significance for delineating a target area and increasing the resource reserve. Although the predecessors have addressed the formation-controlled hydrothermal deposit, some studies have been conducted on the laws of ore body lateration and its controlling factors. However, for ore deposits under strict structural control, ore body laterolating laws of different-property structural control are inconsistent, most of the ore bodies are described at present, and deep research on ore body laterolating control mechanisms of different-property structures is lacked, so that a single ore body in a deep part is not traceable after being extinguished, the deep characteristic of a three-dimensional space of the ore body is difficult to be quickly determined, and the results of unclear deep part ore finding direction, unsmooth mineral exploration and the like are caused. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a determination method for controlling the laterolevel direction and the spatial positioning of the hydrothermal polymetallic ore bodies in different types of structures on the basis of the research on an ore-forming structure system, and the application of the method not only can directly guide deep prospecting deployment and exploratory mining engineering arrangement, but also has important significance for deepening the research on the ore-controlling theory of the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the key problem of how to determine the laterolog direction and the space positioning of the deep ore body of the hydrothermal polymetallic deposit, the method analyzes the characteristics of the geometry, the kinematics, the mechanical property, the activity period, the tectonic rock composition and the like of ore control structures in different grades, different orders and different directions through ore control structure grade division, different periods and different types of structure analysis based on the fine analysis of the ore deposit structure with a large scale; by means of stage matching and screening of the structural traces of the ore area, analyzing and distinguishing structures before, during and after the formation of the ore, and dividing ore control structure systems at different stages, ore deposit control structure types and ore formation structure systems are further determined; analyzing and integrating mechanical properties and kinematic characteristics of ore-containing fracture zones in an ore-forming structural system, and summarizing a control rule of the structure on ore body distribution; and (3) combining the kinematic characteristics and the mechanical properties of ore-containing fracture in the ore-forming period, judging the laterawing direction of deep ore bodies (groups) in ore-containing fracture zones with different mechanical properties by combining a longitudinal projection profile of the ore bodies, and finally judging the ore exploration space in the deep part of the ore bodies (groups).
The method for determining the lateral voltage direction and the spatial positioning of the deep ore body of the hydrothermal polymetallic ore bed comprises the following steps:
first, fine analysis stage of ore deposit structure
1) Fine analysis of ore control structure of different grades
Carrying out field investigation on different levels and different periods of structures in a certain mining area, and dividing different levels of structure types according to the forms and relative scales of various structure traces in the certain mining area, namely dividing mining fields, mineral deposits, mineral bodies and vein scale structures; distinguishing the space geometry, kinematics, mechanical properties, construction period, construction strength, construction rock composition, stress action mode and the relation between the stress action mode and the regional structure of the structures with different grades and different directions, determining an ore control structure framework of an ore region, and further finding out what type of structure the ore deposit is controlled by; meanwhile, the relative time formed by the structure is judged according to the derivative and intersection relationship of the structure, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the multi-metal ore body are found out according to the control effect of the structure on the ore body;
2) analyzing and distinguishing before-forming-mine, forming-mine period and after-forming-mine structural system
According to the time and space distribution relation between different grade structures and ore bodies in an ore area, cleaning structures before forming ore, during forming ore and after forming ore, in particular to a structure before forming ore, which exists before the forming ore and controls the space positions of the ore field, an ore deposit and the ore bodies, a structure during forming ore of a multi-metal ore body and a structure after forming ore, which enables the ore body to deform or shift; therefore, the control rules of the fracture structures with different grades and different directions on the mining fields, the mineral deposits and the mineral bodies are distinguished, and a structure system before, during and after the mineral formation is found out;
3) definite mineral formation structural system
Based on stage matching and screening of different directions and different sequence order structural traces, comprehensively analyzing stress field characteristics of structural systems before, during and after the formation of the ore and main pressure stress directions thereof, determining ore control structural systems at different periods, and further determining an ore deposit ore control structural type and an ore formation structural system thereof;
second, analyzing the mechanical property and kinematic characteristic of ore-containing structure
Based on an ore-forming structure system determined in the first step, extracting an ore-containing structure for controlling spatial distribution of ore bodies from structures with different properties, different orders, different grades and different forms of the system, further analyzing and finding out mechanical and kinematic characteristics formed by the ore-containing structure, analyzing the spatial coupling relation between the multi-metal ore bodies and the mineralized corrosion variants and the ore-containing structure and the ore-forming fluid, and revealing an ore deposit structure control rule;
three, deep mineral body lateral bending, inclination angle and space positioning determination stage
Based on the structural ore control law disclosed in the step two, extracting the space position, scale, form and attitude change information of the multi-metal ore body by combining the ore-containing fracture zone characteristics with different mechanical properties and different kinematic characteristics and the longitudinal projection profile of the ore body, and studying and judging the laterawing directions of the ore bodies or ore body groups with different forms controlled by the ore-containing fractures with different mechanical properties;
the laterolog characteristic of the ore body controlled by the pressure fracture is directly controlled by the attitude of the ore-containing fracture structure, the laterolog of the ore body is larger and is nearly consistent with the fault dip angle, and the controlled ore body has a tendency depth-increasing distance in space which is far greater than a trend extension distance; the laterals of the ore body controlled by the twisting and twisting fracture are divided into a left side and a right side, the laterals are respectively between 45 degrees to 90 degrees and 0 degrees to 45 degrees, and the extension distance of the ore body along the inclination in space is greater than or equal to the extension distance of the trend; the laterolog of the ore body controlled by the tensile fracture is consistent with the fault occurrence, the laterolog is larger and is close to 90 degrees, and the spatial distribution of the ore body has a trend extension distance which is larger than the trend extension depth; the laterolog of the ore body controlled by the tensional fracture or the tensional fracture is divided into a left side and a right side, the laterolog is between 45 degrees to 90 degrees and 0 degrees to 45 degrees respectively, and the trend extension of the spatial distribution of the ore body is greater than or equal to the extension distance of the trend; the torsional fracture laterality is determined by the relative movement direction of a fault and can be divided into left-going tortuosity and right-going tortuosity, the laterality angle of the left-going tortuosity and the right-going tortuosity is approximately equal to 0 degree, and the trend of spatial distribution of ore bodies is prolonged and approximately equal to the inclined depth distance;
on the basis, the spatial positioning direction of the deep blind ore body is further deduced, the laterial direction of the deep blind ore body is the spatial positioning direction of the deep blind ore body, and particularly, the ore body controlled by pressure fracture and tensile fracture is positioned along the fault tendency; the ore body with fracture control of left-going torsion pressing and right-going torsion tension is positioned at the lower left corner of the paired disks; the ore body with fracture control of right-hand movement torsion pressing and left-hand movement torsion is positioned at the lower right corner of the paired disks; the ore body controlled by the left-going torsional fracture is positioned at the left side of the paired disks; the ore body for controlling the right-handed twisting fracture is positioned on the right side of the opposite plate, and the hydrothermal polymetallic deposit ore body laterolevel principle analysis is shown in figure 1.
The hydrothermal multi-metal ore bed comprises a magma hydrothermal multi-metal ore bed and a non-magma post-production hydrothermal multi-metal ore bed which are controlled by the structure;
the characteristics of the ore-containing fracture zone for judging different mechanical properties and different kinematic characteristics are that the mechanical properties of the fracture surface and the relative motion direction of an upper plate and a lower plate of the fracture surface are comprehensively judged through the form and the occurrence of the fracture surface, scratches and step traces on the fracture surface, stress mineral orientation characteristics, internal tectonic rock characteristics of the fracture zone and fracture side tectonic characteristics, wherein the ore-containing fracture structure comprises a pressure structure, a pressure-torsion property, a tension property, a torsion property and a torsion property structure; the laterodenticity of the polymetallic ore body controlled by fracture structures with different properties has certain difference; and distinguishing left-going kinematic characteristics and right-going kinematic characteristics according to fracture surface structure traces (such as scratches, steps, stress mineral orientation and the like), and finally determining the lateral trend of the multi-metal ore body (group) and the positioning space of the ore body (group) with different properties and controlled ore fracture.
The ore bodies (groups) with different forms and different properties for controlling ore-containing fracture comprise flat columnar ore bodies with the vertical extension controlled by the compressive or torsional structure larger than the extension of the trend, wedge-shaped and irregular vein-shaped ore bodies with the extension controlled by the tensile or torsional structure smaller than the extension, and inclined plate-shaped ore bodies with the equivalent extension and controlled by the torsional or torsional structure.
The method has the advantages and the technical effects that:
(1) the method can quickly find out the laterolog direction and the positioning space of the deep ore body, and directly provides geological basis for deep prospecting;
(2) the method starts from the key ore control factor of ore control structure, can obviously reduce the amount of exploration engineering and the interference of human factors, and can effectively improve the ore finding efficiency of the deep side part of an ore area;
(3) the method is effective, simple and practical, can obviously reduce the cost of prospecting and shorten the period of deep resource prospecting;
(4) the method is suitable for the magma hydrothermal type multi-metal deposit and the non-magma post-hydrothermal type multi-metal deposit under the control of the structure, and the related ore types are various and are not limited to ore types such as Cu, Pb, Zn, W, Sn, Bi, Mo, Sb, Au and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the lateral laterolog principle of hydrothermal polymetallic deposit ore body;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the texture of HTK-32 folds in a hydrothermal deposit of rock magma in the south of Hunan province and a mechanical analysis chart;
fig. 3 is a sketch, a photograph and a mechanical analysis chart of a tunnel of a rock magmatic deposit direction control rock ore control structure in the south of Hunan, wherein a is a photograph of an NE fracture zone, b is a photograph of a rock alteration of a Cycassa in the NE fracture zone, and c is a sketch of HH221 point: the stirrup group limestone is mineralized by Pb-Zn and calcitized into a fine vein shape consistent with the formation shape; second, sunset rocks are used for melting quartz porphyry, green mud petrochemicals, green shade petrochemicals and calcite sunset rocks are used for gluing quartz porphyry and gravels; strip-shaped fluorite, calcite and Pb-Zn vein; fourthly, irregular pulse-shaped calcite pulses and lens-shaped sunstone;
FIG. 4 is a 20m middle section structure of a rock magma hydrothermal deposit in the south of Hunan, wherein a is a recording diagram of the 20 middle section gallery, b is a sketch diagram of HH-261 points, c is a sketch diagram of HH-263 points, and d is a sketch diagram of HH-266 points;
FIG. 5 shows a rock magma hydrothermal deposit structure system and a structure ore control law in the south of Hunan province;
FIG. 6 is a vertical longitudinal projection of ore body groups of a magmatic hydrothermal deposit in the south of Hunan province;
FIG. 7 is a fine dissection of F1 fracture structure of a later hydrothermal deposit control deposit in the northern Guizhou area;
FIG. 8 is a fine dissection of F2 fracture structure of a later hydrothermal deposit control section in the northern Guizhou region;
FIG. 9 shows the analysis of the NW and NE trend fracture structure of a hydrothermal deposit control ore body after a certain location in the northern Guizhou region;
FIG. 10 shows the analysis of near NW directional ore-control fracture three-stage structure activity of a hydrothermal deposit in the northern Guixi region;
FIG. 11 shows the NE directional ore breaking fracture characteristics of a hydrothermal deposit in the northern Guizhou region;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the development process of a main ore control structure system of a hydrothermal deposit in the northern Guizhou district;
FIG. 13 is the kinematic characteristics of a later hydrothermal deposit NW in controlled ore fracture into the ore stage in the northwest of Qian;
FIG. 14 is a longitudinal projection view of an ore body of No. 2 ore section of a hydrothermal ore deposit in the northern area of Qian province;
FIG. 15 is a longitudinal projection view of ore body and finding direction of hydrothermal ore deposit after a certain period in Diandong.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the methods in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: the method is implemented on a magma hydrothermal type copper-lead-zinc multi-metal ore bed in the south of Hunan province, obtains a good ore finding effect, and comprises the following specific contents:
the deposit is a typical polymetallic deposit in the south of Hunan province, the mining history is long, and the mineralizing geological conditions are superior. The deposit mainly has hydrothermal vein type, skarn type and porphyry type (not formed into ore body) mineralization types, and the number of the lead-zinc ore body currently defined is more than 515. The ore body is usually in the form of pulse, column, lens, capsule and layer. The ore types are various, including the Duckite type W-Sn-Mo-Bi-Fe and the hydrothermal vein type Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag multi-metal ore body. Wherein the Zychaite type ore body is directly controlled by the invasion contact structure zone of granite porphyry and surrounding rock, and the hydrothermal vein type ore body is controlled by the interlayer fracture zone. The alteration of surrounding rocks is strong, and the most common types are mineralization of yellow iron, carbonation and greening curtain petrifaction, and the most common types are fluoridization, sericinization, silicification, greening mud stone and the like. The mineral structures such as compact block, gravel, dip-dyed, lumpy, and fine (net) vein are common, and the structure is granular, alternate residue, erosion, fragmentation, and inclusion. The ore deposit has great deep ore exploration potential, gradually enhanced deep mineralization and alteration, increased ore body size and formation of ore body groups directly controlled by a structure mainly based on the sliding in a region.
First, fine analysis stage of ore deposit structure
1) Fine analysis of ore control structure of different grades
Based on a large amount of field geological research, the structural types of the mineral deposit are mainly fracture, fold, joint structure and invasion contact structure, a series of compound folds and oblique impact fracture zones are developed in a mine area, and the compound reverse anticline and F are in a near SN-NEE direction 1 、F 2 、F 3 Reverse fault dominated development of NWW-NW oriented F 0 、F 6 、F 9 The normal fault forms a structural framework of the mining area, and the output and distribution of the mineralizing rock mass and the polymetallic ore mass are directly controlled by the structural framework;
the broken pleat structure is taken as an example of HTK-32 points (figure)2): the development is syncline (west wing: NW41 degree angle 18 degree NE; east wing: NE38 degree angle 7 degree NW; axial surface: NE19 degree angle 83 degree SE), and the stratum of two wings of the fold is gray black medium-thickness lamellar blocky limestone. The interlaminar fracture zone (i) of the development of the flap of the fold is filled with calcite veins, and the vertical scratch of the litholytic veins above the fracture surface of the interlaminar fracture zone is judged to have two-stage activities: it has early tensility and later compression property. Wild goose-row type calcite veins develop in the local tensive space along the bedding surface inside the syncline, and form an included angle of 30 degrees with the axial surface. Multiple cross-layer fracture of Dongfei development (r), wherein f 2 The band width (NE58 DEG < 75 DEG SE) is 8-10cm, and the phenomenon of 'gradual narrowing, steep widening and widening' is presented, two fractures on the right side of the band width are straight and closed, and the physical and chemical properties of the lens can be seen. On its right side, a set of interlaminar fractures f develop 3 (SN < 76 DEG W) (fifth), the fracture zone is 3-5cm, the upper and lower plates of the fracture are deep grey sheet physicochemical limestone, a group of parallel cross-layer calcite veins develop beside the deep grey sheet physicochemical limestone, and a zigzag tensile fracture zone (SN < 61 DEG E) (sixth) develops on the right side of the deep grey sheet physicochemical limestone.
Junction No. 19 thoroughfare HH-221 (fig. 3a, b, c) in mine area-176, which develops an NE directional fracture, fracture mode: f 1: NE30 DEG & lt 80 DEG SE; f 2: SN < 65 DEG W. f1 filling the near-lower fissure of fractured zone with crushed sunset granite, sunset granite with greenmud petrochemistry and green curtain petrochemistry near the fissure development tablet (fig. 3a, b). f1 filling fluorite, pyrite, galena and calcite veins in the sunset rock near the upper fracture surface in the fracture zone, and judging the fracture zone to be left-going compression-torsion property according to the fracture motion characteristics. f2 hanging on the disc is stirrup group limestone, wherein developmental irregular pulse calcite vein, Pb-Zn-Cu vein and lens-shaped mineralized cycamite are intersected with main fracture plane to form right-going fracture with twisting and pressing property.
2) Analyzing and distinguishing before-forming-mine, forming-mine period and after-forming-mine structural system
Based on the mining field structure analysis, an NWW-EW directional torsion fracture belt is formed in the impression period, and a NNE-SN directional fracture-fold belt represented by a series of folds such as compound anticline and a pressure-torsion fracture layer is formed, so that the mining field structure analysis system is formed;
analyzing the structure of the middle section of the 20m mining area as an example into a mining period and a post-mining structure, developing NW and NE and near SN axial fracture, joint and invasion contact structures in the middle section of the 20m (figure 4a), developing extremely (1-3 strips/m) of interlaminar fracture in No. 7 stringer, having flat and microwave fracture surfaces, different fracture width changes (0.5-50 cm, etc.), and having scratches; common black carbon slime in the fracture zone is flaked, yellow brown-yellow-gray black fracture mud and hot liquid calcite veins (about 0.5-2.5 cm wide), develops, disintegrates and lithology, and is in a multi-character-shaped ore control structure form (figure 4d) formed by fracture with the cutting layer. The local part in the interlaminar fracture zone can be seen the compact block lead-zinc ore body or the bedding porphyry invading dike, which shows that the fracture is mainly of the compression-compression torsion property. The inversion of the paleo-stress field is shown in fig. 4b and 4 c.
The fracture structure in each direction in the mine area develops, but mainly fractures in the near SN direction, the NW direction, the NE direction and the near EW direction. Among them, NNE-NE develops most towards the structure, trends to 20-70 degrees, trends to NW or SE, the inclination angle is relatively steep and concentrates on 48-80 degrees, and has multi-stage activity, the fracture surface is wavy or straight, the fracture zone has the typical multi-stage mechanical property transition of pressure (torsion) characteristics (mineralization stage) such as flaking, lensing, fragmentation and scratch and the like, and has obvious phenomena of gradual width and steep width, and the fracture zone has the phenomena of calcitization, karyolitization, pyrite-galena-zinc blende development and the ore body has NE-direction fracture footwall. In addition to NE-oriented fracture, a small amount of NE-oriented tensile fracture was found in the mine area, the fracture surface was jagged and filled with calcite veins, and the mineralized speckled rock mass or ore body was cut off and belongs to the post-mineralization structure (fig. 4).
Analyzing the different-direction structures and the fracture mechanical properties of the middle sections of the mining area comprehensively to form an SN structural belt structural system before mining; during the mineralization period, the area is extruded by NW-SE direction to form NNE-SN leftward running twisting bedding fracture and cutting fracture, the bedding fractured zone is distributed with Seatstone granite mass and filled with Pb-Zn ore body, the Seatstone cement is used for changing the granite mass and the gravel, and strip ore-containing Seatstone veins are formed in the surrounding rocks of the bedding fractured lower disk and the cutting fractured upper disk to reflect that the ore deposit is a product under the action of the walking sliding stress field (the main compressive stress direction is NW-SE direction) near SN left; the mechanical property of the formed ore is changed from left-going pressure-torsion property to right-going tension-torsion property by the extrusion action of NE-SW, so that the sunscreenite is broken and formed into netlike calcite veins, and the product is a structural system after the formation of ore.
3) Definite mineral formation structural system
According to the structure analysis, a structure system (figure 5) before, during and after the mineral deposit is formed is provided, the region is shown to have strong structure activity and multistage performance, and the multi-metal mineral forming function and the mineral deposit (body) distribution are jointly controlled by the multistage structure. In the field range, the well-shaped structure formed by the NNE-NEE-SN-NE directional S-shaped fracture-fold belt and the NWW directional tensile-torsional fracture belt controls the plane spreading of rock mass and mineral deposit, and the rock mass and the mineral deposit are mostly seen in the intersection part of the well-shaped structure; NE-NNE directional fracturing and NWW-EW tensile (torsional) fracturing in the region of the mine are multi-stage active fracture zones, and the distribution of yellow sand plateau deposits and rock masses is controlled by combining with NNE-direction inclined reverse fold zones. The space geometry of the invader, the fracture, the fold and the fissure controls the mineralization of the mining area, the inward concave part and the outward convex part of the invader and the structural composite part with the tension and torsion are favorable sections of the mineralization, and simultaneously, the primary fracture system of the porphyry edge phase is a favorable part for the mineralization of the fine-mesh vein-shaped copper. Meanwhile, the spatial form and the development degree of the rock slurry invasion breccia in the composite invasion structure are noticed, and the rock slurry invasion breccia with different components, sizes, orientations and mineralization degrees are in discontinuous distribution in space, so that the change of mechanical properties during the structural deformation is reflected to a certain extent when the rock slurry invasion breccia is seen at the invasion body occurrence change part.
Second, analyzing the mechanical property and kinematic characteristic of the ore-containing fracture structure
Mechanical property and kinematic characteristics of ore-containing structure: the compound part of the invasion contact structure and the interlayer fracture of the inverted anticline wing part controls the output of ore bodies, wherein the invasion contact structure controls SK rock type tungsten tin lead zinc polymetallic ore body groups; the interlaminar fracture zone of the inverted anticline wing of the outer band controls the lead zinc-calcite-fluorite-quartz vein ore mass (fig. 5). By analyzing the structural points in the excavation period in the excavation, in the tensile breccia zone formed in the early stage, the fracture in the development NE direction is filled with calcite veins and mineralized with yellow iron and brass, and the fracture scratch is judged as left-going fracture.
Determining lateral bending angle, inclination angle and spatial positioning of deep mine
Based on the analysis, the time-space distribution of the ore deposit (body) is controlled by an NE tectonic zone construction system, the ore-forming rock mass and the ore body have obvious inclination and lateral inclination rules, and the inclination and lateral inclination rules of the ore-forming rock mass and the main ore body are mainly directly controlled by the tectonic stress field in the ore-forming period.
The ore deposit is subjected to the action of a sliding stress field of walking leftwards by the near SN of the area, and the mechanical properties of ore-containing fractures in different directions are different, so that the lateral voltage directions of the controlled multi-metal ore body are inconsistent. Taking the ore deposit No. 580 ore body and No. 79 ore body as examples, the two ore body have larger scale and are directly controlled by the broken pleat structure, and are filled in the broken structure to be produced in a plate shape, a column shape, a bag shape and a lens shape. Combining the vertical longitudinal projection views of two ore bodies, as shown in fig. 6, has the following characteristics:
NNE spreading characteristics of rock mass and irregular silphite ore body group from NW to SE in a shingled shape vertically and left-going oblique arrangement on a plane toward SE, wherein the rock mass and irregular silphite ore body group incline toward SE (140-150 deg.) and SSE, NWW inclines toward SEE toward the vein, and the SSE side-lying characteristics are provided for the silphite ore body group such as silphite ore type No. 54, and the side-lying angle is about 30-50 deg.
In the outer zone of the ore-forming rock body, NNE shows leftward twisting behavior in the ore-forming period of the interlayer fracture zone, and NW shows rightward twisting behavior in the (SW-inclined) ore-containing fracture zone, so NNE laterals the lead-zinc ore body (e.g. ore body groups of nos. 1, 2, 580) like the lamellar hot liquid vein to NNE (fig. 6a), and the lead-zinc ore body group of No. 79 with NW controlled secondary fracture to SE (fig. 6b), and the laterals angle is about 40 °.
And thirdly, under the action of a unified tectonic stress field, NWW-EW directional rock control fracture presents right-going tension torsion property, NEE directional rock control fracture presents right-going tension torsion-torsion property, so that the granite spangle rock body inclines towards NW, the sunstone type copper-molybdenum ore body inclines towards NWW, the layered lead-zinc polymetallic ore body outside the rock body inclines towards SWW, and the angle of the incline is about 55 degrees.
According to the laterolog direction of the polymetallic ore body and the forming mechanism thereof, the ore deposit is inferred to have three deep ore exploration directions which are respectively: NNE developing hot liquid vein type Cu-Pb-Zn ore body towards N side of controlled polymetallic ore body; the NW mainly comprises a Zychaite type W-Sn-Mo-Bi ore body and a hydrothermal vein type Cu-Pb-Zn ore body towards the SE side of the multi-metal ore body with the controlled structure; and NE is towards NE side of the polymetallic ore body with controlled structure, and mainly is a hydrothermal vein type Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn ore body.
Example 2: the method is implemented on a certain posthydrothermal lead-zinc multi-metal ore bed in the north of Qian province, and the deep prospecting progress is obtained, and the specific contents are as follows:
the ore deposit is a lead-zinc ore deposit which is typical in northern Qianxi and has a carbonate stratum, consists of 4 ore sections which are broken along NW and are approximately distributed at equal intervals, and has good ore searching potential. The ore body can be divided into a layered shape and a gravel shape according to the ore body occurrence. Wherein the main ore body is layered, and the broken zone develops a gravel ore body with poor continuity and ore quality. At present, the metal storage capacity of the ore deposit is proved to be more than 30 ten thousand tons, and the ore deposit is a medium-sized ore deposit. The ore minerals mainly comprise zinc blende, galena, pyrite and limonite, and the gangue minerals mainly comprise calcite and occasionally dolomite. The ore structure mainly has self-shape crystal grain shape, common edge, alternative generation, fragmentation and other structures; the structure is mainly compact block, gravel, pulse, dip-dyed, etc. The ore body has obvious mineralizing and eroding zonal characteristics from the center to the edge, namely: lead-zinc ore → pyrite → calcite.
First, fine analysis stage of ore deposit structure
1) Fine analysis of ore control structure of different grades
Based on field geological research, the mineral deposit is found to be obviously controlled by structure, the mineral control structure has grading characteristics, a plurality of lead-zinc mineral deposits are found in a fracture F1 (the trend is NW 30-62 degrees, the trend is NE or SW, and the dip angle is about 80 degrees), the fracture is subjected to two-stage structural activities: the reticular calcite cemented angular dolomitic limestone cobbles are developed along NW direction at early stage, and comb-shaped calcite veins are seen locally, which reflects that the mechanical property of the fracture at the mineralization stage is tonicity; lensed calcite vein and altered dolomitic breccites were distributed in the late-stage fracture zone, and oblique impact scratches on the surface of the calcite vein were clearly visible, indicating that the mechanical property of the fracture in the first stage of development after mineralization is the press-torsion property, and the kinematic feature is the left-going oblique impact constitutive activity (fig. 7).
The secondary configuration was to control the F2 breaker zone (fig. 8) for each segment, which ran at NW 63-80 °, dip NE, 80 °. The fracture also shows the characteristic of two-stage structural recombination: the lead-zinc mineralized yellow iron ore vein is distributed along the fracture zone in a zigzag manner at the early stage; in the later period, horizontal scratches develop on the surface of the pyrite vein, and a physicochemical pyrite broken zone can be seen locally. This feature indicates that the F2 fracture undergoes a biphasic activity of tensile (torsional) → left row torsional mechanical property transition.
2) Analyzing and distinguishing before-forming-mine, forming-mine period and after-forming-mine structural system
The fine analysis of the fracture (tertiary structure) in the NW and NE direction of the ore body controlled in the excavation is as follows:
NW directional ore control fracture, the interface of the fracture surface and the ore body is generally in a sawtooth shape and has the characteristics of steep width, gradual width and narrow width, and indicates that the fracture group has tensile (torsional) mechanical properties and inclined falling (left-going) kinematic characteristics in the ore forming period. The ore body is generally influenced by the tectonic recombination after the ore formation, the ore body in NW direction fracture is crushed, and the fracture mud at the edge of the ore body develops, indicating that the fracture mechanical property in the direction is mainly compressive after the ore formation (figure 9). In addition, the development of traces such as near-horizontal scratches on the fracture mud indicates that the most advanced stage of the fracture occurs with activities mainly involving left-handed writhing. The structural fine dissection of other typical particles also showed that the mechanical properties of NW lateral control fractures underwent three phases of structural activity (fig. 10): left-handed wriggling (mineralization stage) → pressing (after mineralization) → wriggling (most advanced stage).
The NE direction fracture control ore body is in a lens shape and has the characteristics of 'wide and steep width', and the like, and indicates that the fracture has the dynamic characteristics of compression torsion and inclined impact in the mineralization period. Furthermore, the distribution of a heterogeneous heap of muddy cemented breccid ore and dolomite and limestone breccid in the NE-to-fracture zone reflects the tensile characteristics of the fracture after mineralization, indicating that the deposit is subjected to NE-to-main compressive stresses after mineralization (fig. 11). The analysis suggests that NE undergoes a transition to fracture in the mechanical properties of compressibility (mineralization phase) → tonicity (post-mineralization).
3) Definite mineral formation structural system
The fine anatomical result of the comprehensive ore control structure is that the ore control structure pattern of the ore deposit in the ore-forming period is considered to be composed of a series of approximately parallel NW tensile (torsional) fractures, approximately orthogonal NE compressive (torsional) fractures and secondary anticline fractures, and the ore control structure combination style is a combined type of orthotropic forward fault and anticline. Meanwhile, since the mineralization stage, the area has undergone three stages of tectonic activities, corresponding to late stage of Yizhi-early stage of Yanshan, middle stage of Yanshan and late stage of Yanshan-early stage of Himalayan, respectively. Wherein late Yizhishan-early Yanshan is the mineralization stage, which develops NW stress, NE stress, NS left torsion and EW right torsion fracture structures, all of which belong to the NE structural band product. The last two phases of tectonic activity mainly produce deformation-displacement effects on the ore body (fig. 12).
Second, analyzing the mechanical property and kinematic characteristic of ore-containing structure
The ore-containing structure of the ore deposit is mainly NW-oriented fracture and all shows the characteristic of multi-stage structural movement, the mechanical property of the ore body in the fracture and mineralization stage is tensile (torsional) property, and the kinematic characteristic of the ore body is left-going inclined falling (figure 13).
Determining lateral bending angle, inclination angle and spatial positioning of deep mine
From NW to SE direction, four ore sections are exposed and gradually deepened, ore is seen near No. 1 ore section 1970m, ore is seen near No. 2 and No. 3 ore sections 1860m, ore is seen in No. 4 ore section 1500m drilling, and the whole ore deposit laterally lies along SE direction. The longitudinal projection of the ore body of No. 2 ore section is shown in FIG. 14, and the ore body groups of No. 1, 3 and 5 show the characteristic of lateraly along the SE direction, and are consistent with the overall lateraly characteristic of four ore sections. The characteristic reflects that the laterolevel of the deep ore body is laterolevel to the SE direction, and the laterolevel angle is about 30-60 degrees. Accordingly, the deep prospecting direction of the ore deposit is provided: the SE direction at the deep part of No. 2 ore section (predicted ore elevation 1720 level) and the SE direction deep part of No. 4 ore section; through engineering verification, new ore bodies are found in both directions.
Example 3: the method is implemented on a certain posthydrothermal lead-zinc multi-metal ore bed in north of Yunnan, obtains new development of deep prospecting, and has the following brief contents:
the ore deposit is one of typical ore deposits in a northwest Yunnan mine collection area and is positioned at a junction of a deep fracture zone of an NE (NE) obliquely washing away a smooth fracture zone to a Rize-cow street, a SN (SN) to a Qujing-Shoaton hidden fracture zone and a northwest to a Violet-bealock. The main structural lattices of the deposit are NE-, NW-and SN-direction structures, and the NE-direction compressive torsion interlaminar fracture zone is the main structure. The exposed stratum of the mining area mainly comprises a mud basin system, a rock-charcoal system and a two-layer system, and pseudo-integration and integration contact relations are mainly adopted among the stratums; the position of the assigned ore layer is a loam basin system slaughter grid group (D) 3 zg) grayish white-dark gray fine-mesomorphic dolostone and lower rock charcoal system (C) 2 b) Pale reddish, off-white lumpy fine crystalline limestone and Shangshitong Weining group (C) 2 w) light grey-dark grey medium-heavy layered limestone and fine crystalline dolomite interbed. The magma activity is mainly basalt in Hirschmannite. The deposit consists essentially of 6 ore body groups, the ore bodies are in a lenticular shape, a vein shape, a layer-like shape and the like, the NE-SW trend is that the ore bodies are distributed in the NE-oriented interlaminar fracture zone of the inverted anticline NW wing. The primary ore structure of the ore is compact block, dip-dyed, lump-spot, vein and the like, the ore structure is mainly granular, the ore minerals mainly comprise galena, sphalerite and pyrite, and the gangue minerals comprise dolomite, calcite and a small amount of quartz. The hydrothermal alteration mainly comprises chalcopyrite mineralization, dolomization, calcitization, silicification and the like.
First, fine analysis stage of ore deposit structure
Dividing the ore control structure in the range of the mining area into four grades; the NE direction main fracture is a first-stage structure of a mining field, the NE direction anticline fracture, the SN direction fracture, the NNW direction torsion fracture and the NE direction torsion shear fracture are second-stage structures of a mining area, the NE direction torsion interlaminar fracture zone is a third-stage structure of the mining area, and the more secondary ore-containing joint fracture zone is a fourth-stage structure.
Combining the mining area construction development process and the regional construction evolution characteristics, clarifying the evolution process of the mining area construction system: the haixi stage-the early NW structural zone of the printed branch (before mineralization) → the middle and late stage of the printed branch-the early NE structural zone of yanshan (mineralization stage) → the early and middle NW structural zone of yanshan (after mineralization) → the late SN structural zone of yanshan → the EW structural zone of himalaya stage. The mineralized structure is the NE structure band of late stage of Yizhi-Yanshan early stage.
Second, analyzing the mechanical property and kinematic characteristic of ore-containing structure
The ore-forming structure system of the ore deposit reflects that under the action of NW-SE directional main compressive stress in the ore-forming period, NE containing ore is fractured towards the interlayer on a plane, the fracture has left-going pressure torsion, and interlayer sliding from SW to NE is performed towards inclined impact in the vertical direction, so that the spatial distribution and the form and the appearance of ore body groups are controlled.
Three, deep mineral lateral bending and space positioning determining stage
According to the mechanical property and the kinematic characteristics of ore-containing fracture, the deep ore body is indicated to be laterally laid in the SW direction, and the positioning space of the ore-searching target area of the deep ore body is in the SW direction (figure 15).
Claims (4)
1. A method for determining the lateral volt-orientation and the spatial orientation of a hot liquid type multi-metal ore bed deep mineral body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
first, fine analysis stage of ore deposit structure
1) Fine analysis of ore control structure of different grades
Carrying out field investigation on different levels and different periods of structures in a certain mining area, and dividing different levels of structure types according to the forms and relative scales of various structure traces in the certain mining area, namely dividing mining fields, mineral deposits, mineral bodies and vein scale structures; distinguishing the space geometry, kinematics, mechanical properties, construction period, construction strength, construction rock composition, stress action mode and the relation between the stress action mode and the regional structure of the structures with different grades and different directions, determining an ore control structure framework of an ore region, and further finding out what type of structure the ore deposit is controlled by; meanwhile, the relative time formed by the structure is judged according to the derivative and intersection relationship of the structure, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the multi-metal ore body are found out according to the control effect of the structure on the ore body;
2) analyzing and distinguishing before-forming-mine, forming-mine period and after-forming-mine structural system
According to the time and space distribution relation between different grade structures and ore bodies in an ore area, cleaning structures before forming ore, during forming ore and after forming ore, in particular to a structure before forming ore, which is existed before the forming ore and controls the space positions of the ore field, an ore deposit and the ore body, a structure during forming ore of multi-metal ore body and a structure after forming ore, which enables the ore body to deform or shift; therefore, the control rules of the fracture structures with different grades and different directions on the mining fields, the mineral deposits and the mineral bodies are distinguished, and a structure system before, during and after the mineral formation is found out;
3) ore forming structure system for definite mining area
Based on stage matching and screening of different directions and different sequence order structural traces, comprehensively analyzing stress field characteristics of structural systems before, during and after the formation of the ore and main pressure stress directions thereof, determining ore control structural systems at different periods, and further determining an ore deposit ore control structural type and an ore formation structural system thereof;
second, mineral-containing structure mechanical property and kinematics analysis stage
On the basis of an ore-forming structure system determined in the first step, extracting an ore-containing structure for controlling the spatial distribution of ore bodies from structures with different properties, different orders, different grades and different forms of the system, further analyzing and finding out mechanical and kinematic characteristics formed by the ore-containing structure, analyzing the spatial coupling relation of the multi-metal ore bodies, the mineralization variants, the ore-containing structure and the ore-forming fluid, and disclosing the ore control rule of the ore deposit structure;
three, deep mineral body lateral bending, inclination angle and space positioning determination stage
Based on the structural ore control law disclosed in the step two, combining the characteristics of ore-containing fractured zones with different mechanical properties and different kinematic characteristics and the longitudinal projection profile of ore bodies, extracting the spatial position, scale, form and attitude change information of the multi-metal ore bodies, and researching and judging the laterolog directions of the ore bodies or ore body groups with different forms controlled by the ore-containing fracture with different mechanical properties;
the laterolog characteristic of the ore body controlled by the pressure fracture is directly controlled by the attitude of the ore-containing fracture structure, the laterolog of the ore body is larger and is nearly consistent with the fault dip angle, and the controlled ore body has a tendency depth-increasing distance in space which is far greater than a trend extension distance; the laterals of the ore body controlled by the twisting and twisting fracture are divided into a left side and a right side, the laterals are respectively between 45 degrees to 90 degrees and 0 degrees to 45 degrees, and the extension distance of the ore body along the inclination in space is greater than or equal to the extension distance of the trend; the laterolog of the ore body controlled by the tensile fracture is consistent with the fault occurrence, the laterolog is larger and is close to 90 degrees, and the spatial distribution of the ore body has a trend extension distance which is larger than the trend extension depth; the laterolog of the ore body controlled by the tensional fracture or the tensional fracture is divided into a left side and a right side, the laterolog is between 45 degrees to 90 degrees and 0 degrees to 45 degrees respectively, and the trend extension of the spatial distribution of the ore body is greater than or equal to the extension distance of the trend; the torsional fracture laterality is determined by the relative movement direction of a fault and can be divided into left-going tortuosity and right-going tortuosity, the laterality angle of the left-going tortuosity and the right-going tortuosity is approximately equal to 0 degree, and the trend of spatial distribution of ore bodies is prolonged and approximately equal to the inclined depth distance;
on the basis, the spatial positioning direction of the deep blind ore body is further deduced, the laterial direction of the deep blind ore body is the spatial positioning direction of the deep blind ore body, and particularly, the ore body controlled by pressure fracture and tensile fracture is positioned along the fault tendency; the ore body for controlling the fracture of the left-hand press-torsion property and the right-hand tension-torsion property is positioned at the lower left corner of the paired disks; the ore body with fracture control of right-hand movement torsion pressing and left-hand movement torsion is positioned at the lower right corner of the paired disks; the ore body controlled by the left-going torsional fracture is positioned at the left side of the paired disks; the right hand twistfracture controlled ore body is positioned on the right hand side of the pair of disks.
2. The method of determining hydrothermal multi-metal bed deep mineral lateral and spatial localization of claim 1, wherein: the hydrothermal multi-metal ore bed comprises a magma hydrothermal multi-metal ore bed and a non-magma post-production hydrothermal multi-metal ore bed which are controlled by the structure.
3. The method of determining hydrothermal multi-metal bed deep mineral lateral and spatial localization of claim 1, wherein: the characteristics of the ore-containing fracture zone for judging different mechanical properties and different kinematic characteristics are that the mechanical properties of the fracture surface and the relative motion directions of two disks are comprehensively judged through the fracture surface form and occurrence, scratches and step-shaped traces on the fracture surface, stress mineral orientation characteristics, structural rock distribution characteristics in the fracture zone and fracture side structure characteristics, wherein the ore-containing fracture structure comprises a pressure structure, a pressure-torsion property, a torsion-pressure property, a tension-torsion property, a torsion-tension property and a torsion-tension structure; and distinguishing left-going and right-going kinematic characteristics according to the fracture structure traces, and finally determining the lateral trend of the multi-metal ore body or ore body group with different properties and controlled ore-containing fracture and the positioning space of the ore body or ore body group.
4. The method of determining hydrothermal multi-metal bed deep mineral lateral and spatial localization of claim 1, wherein: the different-form ore bodies or ore body groups with different properties and controlled ore-containing fracture comprise flat columnar ore bodies with the controlled extension of the compressive or compressive-torsional structure far larger than the extension, irregular or wedge-shaped ore bodies with the controlled extension of the tensile or tensile-torsional structure smaller than the extension, and inclined plate-shaped ore bodies with the controlled extension of the torsional or torsional structure equivalent to the extension.
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