CN104156601A - Large-scale alteration lithofacies positioning and predicating method for hydrothermal deposit - Google Patents
Large-scale alteration lithofacies positioning and predicating method for hydrothermal deposit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale alteration lithofacies positioning predicating method for a hydrothermal deposit. Deep deposit or ore body direct positioning predicating is conducted through working procedures of an ore-forming structure elaborate analyzing and alteration lithofacies mapping stage, an alteration lithofacies zoning stage and a buried ore positioning predicating stage. According to the method, the problem that deep buried ore bodies are difficult to predicate due to strong abnormity multiplicity and difficult full spatial domain positioning of a conventional objectifying prospecting method is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of large scale blind deposit location prediction, specifically the large scale alteration petrofacies location prediction method of hydrothermal deposit, belongs to mineral resources field.
Background technology
Deep prospecting location prediction is one of the science frontier of current metallogeny and metallogenic prognosis and the main bugbear in Mineral exploration field, is also main direction and the trend of following mineral exploration.Traditional Geophysical And Geochemical Exploration And method, mainly utilize the physical-property parameter of country rock and ore, the otherness of constituent content indirectly to infer whether deep exists blind deposit or ore body, but Geophysical And Geochemical Exploration And method belongs to the indirect method of prospecting, often, because abnormal multi-solution is strong, be subject to the reasons such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) is large, often things turn out contrary to one's wishes for the effect of deep part ore prediction.
Be configured in and in the Formation and Evolution process of hydrothermal deposit, brought into play vital effect: not only for the migration of metallogenic material with passage and the space of providing in place is provided, for activation extraction, exchange and the migration of metallogenic material provide power and energy, and controlling the spatial and temporal distributions of mineral deposit, ore body (arteries and veins), simultaneous and the generation that becomes the closely-related hydrothermal alteration in ore deposit.Therefore, structure is hydrothermal deposit research on mineralization with the research of hydrothermal alteration always and looks for the basis of ore deposit prediction.Yuan sees that neat grade (1985) thinks, alterated rocks is the variation that chemical composition and mineralogical composition not only occur rock after alteration, the variation of physical property in various degree also occurs simultaneously, as the variation of color, density, hardness, factor of porosity etc.Although point band rule of magmatic hydrothermal system hydrothermal alteration has been summed up in different researchers research, as the hydrothermal alteration of porphyry type polymetallic deposit divides band model, in mineral exploration, bring into play important directive function.But, for the non-magmatic hydrotherm mineral deposit that controlled by structure, as modified copper deposit, metamorphic-hydrothermal solution type mineral deposit, yet there are no so far the alteration petrofacies method of prospecting in such mineral deposit, a kind of large scale location prediction deep.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of large scale alteration petrofacies location prediction method of hydrothermal deposit; the method is carried out in tunnel (total space territory) or earth's surface (semispace territory) on the basis of the identification of 1:200～1:10000 engineer's scale ore-forming structure and alterated rocks type and combination division thereof; sum up alteration petrofacies and divide band rule; authorized strength work district alteration petrofacies distribution plan; prediction deep-seated deposit (body) is composed position and the enrichment of mineralization degree of depositing; to reach the object of Ore-finding Method In Orientation Prognosis of Concealed Ores, especially significant for the deep prospecting of Mine of Resources Crisis.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
the first step: TECTONIC SETTING OF GOLD is resolved and the alteration petrofacies charting stage,key is identified as ore deposit structure and alterated rocks type and combination thereof.
1, be first identified as ore deposit structural type
Adopt theory and the method for conventional ore field geomechanics, by the meticulous measurement of structure of plane, section, in qualification workspace, control the mechanical property of the different directions fracture of Extract Mineralized Alteration rock, as a property, pressure property, the property turned round, pressure shear fracture, joint fissure structure, and be labeled on geologic map; After distinguishing metallogenic period structure and becoming ore deposit, construct; Analyze the spatial combination feature of different directions, different mechanical property ore-forming structures;
2, alteration is measured: in earth's surface or tunnel, with the some distance of 10～20 meters, determine the ground particle of ore-controlling structure, Extract Mineralized Alteration, and gather Extract Mineralized Alteration rock sample, coordinate under microscope and carry out rock-mineral determination, determine type and the sumptomatic mineral of alterated rocks;
3, alterated rocks combination, alterated rocks distribution, occurrence and Structural Tectonics feature thereof are labeled on geologic map;
second step: alteration petrofacies are divided the band stage,the sumptomatic mineral of primary study hydrothermal alteration rock is learned mark, divides alterated rocks facies tract.
1), according to the sumptomatic mineral mark of altered rock, determine the formation environment of all kinds of alterations, as temperature, pressure, potential of hydrogen, oxidation-reduction potential etc.For example, potash feldspathization is typical katathermal solution alteration, and ferrimanganic carbonatization, zeolite turn to typical low temperature hot liquid alteration; Spiegel mineralising is the product of typical effect of stress; The hydrothermal alteration of the features such as kaolinization, biotitization, barite, admant livering, pyritization → silication, sericitization, epidotization, chloritization → calcitization, ferrodolomite, potash feldspathization has reflected the variation of hydrothermal solution from highly acid → nearly neutrality → strong alkaline condition; Under oxidizing condition, often form haematization, gypsification, barite, ferrodolomite, under reducing condition, often form pyritization and metal sulfide mineralising;
2) according to the sumptomatic mineral combination of different altered rocks and Structural Tectonics feature (forming crystalline form, size, paragenetic association and the Structural Tectonics thereof of environment, sumptomatic mineral) thereof, draw a circle to approve different alterated rocks facies tracts;
3) divide band feature according to the different stage casing hydrothermal alteration petrofacies in workspace, sum up alteration petrofacies and divide band rule or structure alteration petrofacies to divide band model;
the 3rd step: Deep-concealed Ore location prediction stage
1) divide band rule or alteration petrofacies to divide band model, large scale alteration petrofacies zoning map in authorized strength work district according to alteration petrofacies;
2) according to the distribution range of hydrothermal alteration, the natural boundary of delineation hydrothermal mineralization;
3) contrast that different stage casings, different locations alterated rocks distribute mutually, Extract Mineralized Alteration strong and weakly changes, the variation characteristic of Extract Mineralized Alteration type, by the delineation of strong Extract Mineralized Alteration location for hydrothermal mineralization center be that emphasis is looked for target area, ore deposit, submission engineering verification.
A certain stage casing described in literary composition refers to the plane of some elevations.
The inventive method is according to structure and the time-space relationship that becomes ore deposit, after distinguishing metallogenic period structure and becoming ore deposit, constructs, and divides hydrothermal alteration type and the alterated rocks combination thereof of ore-forming structure control; Then according to the feature such as typical mineral combination and Structural Tectonics thereof of altered rock, determine the formation environment of all kinds of alterations, draw a circle to approve different hydrothermolite facies tracts; Last according to the distribution range of different hydrothermal alterations, the natural boundary of delineation hydrothermal mineralization; According to drawing a circle to approve hydrothermal mineralization center with becoming the closely-related strong Extract Mineralized Alteration scope in ore deposit, delineation emphasis is looked for target area, ore deposit.
In the inventive method, first step identification ore-forming structure and the charting of alteration petrofacies are the bases of this method, and it is the key of method that second step alteration petrofacies are divided band, and the 3rd step Deep-concealed Ore location prediction is the final purpose of method.
The advantage of the inventive method and technique effect:
(1) this method be applicable to roadway (total space territory) or earth's surface half exposed-bare rock district (semispace territory) in, directly carry out the Ore-finding Method In Orientation Prognosis of Concealed Ores of deep hydrothermal deposit;
(2) having overcome Geophysical And Geochemical Exploration And method causes ore body to be difficult to sterically defined problem because of the abnormal strong feature of multi-solution;
(3) be not subject to the impact of the unfavorable factors such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) is large;
(4) detection accuracy is high, the location, mineral deposit (body) of applicable 1:500～1:10000 engineer's scale;
(5) method is easy, strong operability, and job costs are low;
(6) be not subject to the influence of topography.
The present invention is not only applicable to Magmatic Hydrothermal Deposit, as Porphyry Copper, molybdenum, gold deposit and pyromagma hot-liquid type tungsten, tin, copper deposit, and be applicable to non-Magmatic Hydrothermal Deposit, as the deep part ore prediction of the polymetallic deposits such as the copper of structure hot-liquid type, metamorphic-hydrothermal solution type, compound hot-liquid type, lead, zinc, molybdenum, gold, tungsten, tin, iron.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that in the present invention, Northeastern Yunnan lead-zinc deposit 600m stage casing alteration petrofacies are divided band and target area, location prognostic chart;
Fig. 2 is lead-zinc deposit 720m stage casing, Northeastern Yunnan Extract Mineralized Alteration petrofacies zoning map in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is earth's axis Copper Mine, the Zhong Kang of the present invention Yunnan 16 large lane piercement structure-alteration in stage casing petrofacies distribution plans, wherein: figure A is 1605 tunnels, has separating phenomenon, a, canescence white clouds matter kataclasite-pulverizing rock in FI zone of fracture, b, foliated band, c, canescence, crocus white clouds matter fragmented rock;
Figure B is 1606 tunnels, 1. light grey weak silication pierite, 2. grey, light grey cracked pierite, the cracked rock zone of white clouds matter, 3. canescence silication pierite, the cracked pierite of canescence silication, 4. canescence, lark, isabelline cracked strong silication white clouds rock zone, 5. containing volcano slate Breccia Belt, 6. volcanic breccia band; MP is for piercing through body in control ore deposit;
Fig. 4 is that earth's axis Copper Mine, Zhong Kang of the present invention Yunnan 1109 stage casing structure-alteration petrofacies are divided band and look for ore deposit prognostic chart, and wherein I 1 is hidden quick-fried rubblerock parfacies; I 2 is copper mine SiClx carbonatization mixing angle conglomerate parfacies; II 1 is strong silication particle lithification pierite parfacies; II 2 is the cracked pierite parfacies of pyritization silication; II 3 is weak silication pierite parfacies; II 4 is cinerous pierite parfacies; Pt
knlzfor the green juice of Kunyang group river group pierite; MP is for piercing through body in control ore deposit; KT is copper mine body;
Fig. 5 is Zhong Kang of the present invention Yunnan earth's axis copper deposit structure-alteration petrofacies banding pattern figure, wherein: 1. volcanic breccia phase; 2. containing volcanics dust petrofacies; 3. the strong cracked petrofacies of silication; 4. silication dolomitic facies; 5. weak silication dolomitic facies;
Fig. 6 is that in the present invention, arteries and veins alteration white clouds rock zone measured section figure is worn in 961 stage casings 86 in copper/lead/zinc ore district in Southwest Sichuan basin;
Fig. 7 is that in the present invention, Southwest Sichuan basin copper/lead/zinc ore district 584 stage casing alteration petrofacies are divided band and look for ore deposit prognostic chart; Wherein: 1-Ma Ping group; Peaceful group of 2-prestige; 3-pendulum assistant group; The large pool of 4-group; 5-kills lattice group; 6-tomography; The boundary of 7-stratum; 8-pyritization-plumbous zinc ore Pinhole-shaped white clouds rock zone; The banded coarse-grain white clouds of 9-ferrodolomiteization rock zone; 10-dolomitized limestone band; 11-net veiny dolomitized limy dolomite band.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described content, in embodiment, method if no special instructions, is conventional method.
embodiment 1: ore deposit prediction is looked in location, lead-zinc deposit deep, Northeastern Yunnan
1,working background
Northeastern Yunnan lead-zinc deposit is one of the main force mine in the plumbous zinc of China industrial base, and still, because of the exploitation of many decades, mine minerals resource is in the even exhausted difficult condition of serious crisis.Gai district looks for ore faces to face Three Difficult Issues: be located in high and cold high Altitude Region, mountain shape is steep with a varied topography; Understanding difficulty obviously strengthens, and Ore Deposits is unclear; Look for ore deposit prediction difficulty very large, conventional method is difficult to prove effective.The ore deposit of looking in such mineral deposit often adopts TEM, IP geophysical prospecting method, but the resistivity that these geophysical prospecting method obtain, high polarization anomaly inferred explain that multi-solution is strong, and water-bearing fault, all can cause with ore body similarly extremely containing coal or carbonaceous formations, earth's surface hi-line and mine underground orbital facilities etc., very difficult differentiation is that instruction ore body is also non-ore body extremely; Geochemical Methods delineation geochemical anomaly has multi-solution equally, is difficult to determine the locus of concealed orebody.
One of typical ore deposits of the plumbous zinc polymetallogenic belts in Shi Chuandian Guizhou Province, this mineral deposit, belong to the hot-liquid type lead-zinc deposit that controlled by structure, the obviously control of the pressurized property turned round structure, and the hydrothermal alteration such as ferrodolomite, pyritization and calcitization, silication grows and strong, look for ore deposit prediction for alterated rocks phase method advantage is provided.
2, adopt the specific implementation process of the inventive method as follows:
(1) TECTONIC SETTING OF GOLD is resolved and the alteration petrofacies charting stage
1) theory and the method for application ore field geomechanics, carry out in mining area surface and 600 tunnels, stage casing, deep east northeast to, northwest (NW) to, nearly north-south, the meticulous parsing of approximately EW structure, identify the fold of east northeast to master control fracture and derivation, east northeast to, nearly north-south, approximately EW is fractured into metallogenic period structure, northwest (NW) is constructed after being fractured into into ore deposit, and Structure In Ne Direction band is main ore-forming structure system (table 1), directly having controlled east northeast that ore body is distributed in the upper dish of master control fracture presses in shear fracture band and near hydrothermal alteration band thereof to interlayer, these structures are labeled in to (Fig. 1) on 1:500 geologic map,
2) in tunnel with the some distance of 10 meters, determine ore-controlling structure, Extract Mineralized Alteration point, and gather all kinds of alterated rocks samples; By rock-mineral determination, in mining area, main alterated rocks is strong ferrodolomite-pyritization-silication Pinhole-shaped coarse-grain pierite, strong dolomitized-calcitization coarse-grain pierite, dolomitized-calcitization contains middle coarse-grain pierite and the thin brilliant limestone of calcitization-dolomitized (in table 2) of Limestone Dissolution dust by force;
3) these alterations and plumbous zinc oreization are labeled on geological plane maps in detail, find that these Extract Mineralized Alteration rocks are banded and grow along ore-forming structure, the structures such as structure and net veiny, fine pulse-like such as Extract Mineralized Alteration rock tool idiomorphism-subhedral crystal coarse-grain, explanation.
Table 1: certain plumbous zinc Mine Area structural evolution and ore-forming structure diagram of system
In table: 1, pressure property tomography; 2, extensional fault; 3, wrench fault; 4, press wrench fault; 5, turn round pressure property tomography; 6, fold; 7, press the property turned round fold;
(2) alteration petrofacies are divided the band stage
1), according to the sumptomatic mineral mark of altered rock, determine the formation environment of its alteration
According to the alterated rocks type in mining area, alteration intensity and distribution characteristics thereof, and the typical Structural Tectonics mark of sumptomatic mineral (pyrite, quartz, ferrodolomite, kalzit), reflect that these alterated rocks are into the evolution product (in table 2) of ore deposit hydrothermal solution therefrom high temperature-neutrality → middle temperature-acidity → low temperature-alkalescence.
2) according to the feature such as sumptomatic mineral combination and Structural Tectonics thereof of alterated rocks, divide different hydrothermolite facies tracts, sum up alteration petrofacies and divide band rule: from ore body to country rock, occur that successively lead-zinc ore band (I), strong ferrodolomite-pyritization Pinhole-shaped coarse-grain white clouds rock zones (II), strong dolomitized-calcitization contain thin brilliant grey rock zone (IV) (see figure 1) of middle coarse-grain white clouds rock zone (III), calcitization-dolomitized of Limestone Dissolution dust.
Table 2: different Extract Mineralized Alteration petrofacies band principal characters
(3) Deep-concealed Ore forecast period
1) divide band rule according to alteration petrofacies, establishment 600m stage casing 1:500 engineer's scale alteration petrofacies zoning map (see figure 1) is worked out 720m stage casing alteration petrofacies zoning maps (Fig. 2) simultaneously;
2) according to the distribution range of III band and IV band alteration zone, the natural boundary of delineate mineralization is on the interface of III band and IV band;
3) by the contrast of 600m stage casing, 720m stage casing alteration petrofacies zoning map, be hydrothermal mineralization center by the delineation of strong Extract Mineralized Alteration location, be that delineate mineralization center is in II band, infer that concealed orebody is distributed on the alterated rocks inversion of phases face of II band and III band, definite emphasis location looks for target area, ore deposit to be accordingly: the deep between 94-84 exploratory line, between 108-114 exploratory line, and infer deep orebody be indented form spread, deepening be obviously greater than move towards prolongation.By engineering verification, find 8, No. 10 thick ore bodies of richness in deep, more than 100 ten thousand tons of newly-increased plumbous zinc resource amounts.
embodiment 2: ore deposit prediction is looked in location, earth's axis copper deposit deep, health Yunnan
1, geologic background
Piercement structure is typical case and general a kind of special ore-controlling structure in the earth's axis of health Yunnan, has controlled a series of big-and-middle-sized copper deposits.Wherein this mineral deposit is exactly one of Large-scale Copper bed being strictly subject to piercement structure control.Splitting of rift valley stage casing, Proterozoic Eon Kunyang between mining area Lv Zhi river profound fault and Xiaojiang fault falls into west side, basin, ore body is veiny, cryptomere, nido, column and irregular, composes and is stored in the green juice Jiang Zuqiang of the Mesoproterozoic Erathem Kunyang group silication pierite of piercement structure and periphery thereof.
This mine is by the exploitation of many decades, mineral resources exhaustion.Therefore, the Ore-finding Method In Orientation Prognosis of Concealed Ores that how to carry out deep and surrounding of mine is an important technical matters, is also the significant task of effective solution " four ore deposit problems ".But this district's physical features is steep, with a varied topography, carbonaceous formations is widely distributed, and existing Geophysical And Geochemical Exploration And technical method is difficult to prove effective.The deep part ore prediction that this application alterated rocks phase method is such mineral deposit has been opened up new effective way.
2, adopt the specific implementation process of the inventive method as follows:
(1) TECTONIC SETTING OF GOLD is resolved and the alteration charting stage
1) theory and the method for application ore field geomechanics, structure by large lane, Deep Mining 16 large lane → 1606, stage casing 1605 representative section is measured (Fig. 3), distribution north-south in mining area, east northeast to, East and West direction and northwest (NW) are to fold, rift structure, metallogenic period is configured to Xiaojiang fault and derives from secondary north-south, east northeast to, north north east to, EW striking fault, these contextures " lineament ", " xi-type ", " enter font ", " tee T ", " zigzag " five class Ore-controlling Structure Patterns, main ore-forming structure system is Jinningian meridional tectonic belt and Chengjiang phase Structure In Ne Direction band (in table 3), its structural belt has directly been controlled the formation of piercement structure, the spread of distribution and mineral deposit (body), after becoming ore deposit, construct the activity again that main manifestations is metallogenic period fracture.Tomography in measured section, joint fissure structure are labeled in to (Fig. 3) on 1:500 geological map.
Table 3: earth's axis Copper Mine, health Yunnan tectonic epochs time and ore-forming structure system
In table:
pressure property tomography
extensional fault
wrench fault
press wrench fault
turn round pressure property tomography;
2) in tunnel with the some distance of 10 meters, determine control ore deposit rift structure, Extract Mineralized Alteration point, and gather Extract Mineralized Alteration rock sample, by alteration charting and rock-mineral determination, the body that pierces through of finding piercement structure control is mainly made up of strong alteration volcanic breccia, English peace matter crystal tuff etc., be subject to NW to nearly SN to Fracture Control, the boundary fault that pierces through body has the advantages that to press the property turned round.In zone of fracture, all there is copper mine body output at the NNE, the NE that pierce through in body and dolomitic fracture contact zones and pierite, rock fragmentation lithifaction and hydrothermal alteration (silication, carbonatization, pyritization etc.) are grown and are strong, roughly be ring-band shape spread around piercing through body, common chalcopyrite-kalzit along crack-quartz stringer distributes.Pierce through hydrothermal alteration and the mineralising of on body, coiling and obviously strengthen compared with lower wall, alteration zone broadens; From piercing through body inside to its boundary fault, deformation intensity changes from weak to strong, and copper mineization also strengthens gradually.Main ore mineral is star spot shape, disseminated chalcopyrite, erubescite, pyrite, chalcocite etc.
3) tektonite lithology, petrologic make-up, Mineralization Features, structure-petrofacies, mineralization parfacies, the charting of construct-alteration of alterated rocks parfacies feature petrofacies from piercement structure, in mining area, the main alterated rocks type of structure-alterated rocks facies tract has sodium, sericitization, silication, pyritization and carbonatization (in table 4).In the distribution characteristics of the upper each alterated rocks of careful mark of geologic map (Fig. 4);
table 4: mining area structure-alterated rocks phase character
(2) alteration petrofacies are divided the band stage
1) according to marks such as the Structural Tectonics of table 4 and sumptomatic mineral (quartz, pyrite, kalzit), hydrothermal alteration presents obvious horizontal zoning feature: from piercing through body to country rock, there is successively sodium, sericitization, strong silication → pyritization, strong silication → calcitization, dolomitized, be accompanied by the horizontal zoning of quartz, pyrite → chalcopyrite, erubescite, chalcocite combination, reflect that it forms the change procedure that environment is acid-oxidation → nearly neutrality-reduction → alkalescent-oxidation;
2), according to the feature such as mineral assemblage and Structural Tectonics thereof of alterated rocks, mark off the external structure-alterated rocks facies tract of alterated rocks facies tract and II in I-pierce through body-pierce through.Wherein wearing structure-alterated rocks facies tract in body is divided into: I 1-hidden quick-fried rubblerock parfacies, I 2-copper mine SiClx carbonatization mixing angle conglomerate parfacies; Structure-alteration can be divided into four the strong silication particle of parfacies band: II 1-lithification pierite parfacies mutually, the cracked pierite parfacies of II 2-pyritization-silication, the weak silication pierite parfacies of II 3-, II 4-cinerous pierite parfacies.
3) alteration petrofacies divide band rule to be: from cinerous pierite → canescence silication pierite → pierce through body, structure-alterated rocks is changed to mutually successively: 1. the weak copper mine white clouds rock zone of light grey silication (is distributed with erubescite along crack, chalcocite thready pulse and a small amount of mottled erubescite, chalcopyrite mineralization) → 2. grey, the cracked rock zone of light grey cracked pierite-weak copper mine white clouds matter (distribution chalcopyrite in crack, erubescite thready pulse) → 3. cracked white clouds the rock zone of canescence copper mine SiClx pierite-canescence copper mine SiClxization (along fracture filling chalcocite-erubescite arteries and veins) → 4. canescence, lark, isabelline strong silication, the strong cracked rock zone of copper mine white clouds matter (filling chalcopyrite-erubescite arteries and veins) → 5. volcanics, the multiple composition Breccia Belt of tufaceous slate, wherein strong copper mine ashing white silication white clouds matter fragmented rock facies tract, the cracked pierite facies tract of copper mineization are that position is deposited in the main tax of ore body, have set up accordingly structure-alteration petrofacies banding patterns (Fig. 5).
(3) Deep-concealed Ore forecast period
1) according to point band rule of structure-alteration petrofacies, the alteration petrofacies zoning map (Fig. 4) of establishment 1109 stage casing 1:500 engineer's scales is worked out 16 stage casing alteration petrofacies zoning maps simultaneously;
2) according to 1109 stage casing structure-alteration petrofacies zoning maps and structure-alteration petrofacies banding pattern, the natural boundary of hydrothermal mineralization should be the interface of the cracked white clouds rock zone of copper mineization and light grey white clouds rock zone;
3), by the contrast of 1109 stage casings, 16 stage casing alteration petrofacies zoning maps, and become closely-related strong Extract Mineralized Alteration location, ore deposit II
1-II
3band inner ring is decided to be hydrothermal mineralization center, attaches most importance to and looks for target area, ore deposit.
By engineering verification, find rich thick copper mine body in deep, target area, nearly 100,000 tons of newly-increased copper metals resources amount, has realized the new development of Location Prediction of Hidden Orebody.This example not only provides important illustration for such mineral deposit Ore-finding Method In Orientation Prognosis of Concealed Ores, and provides important enlightenment for the mineral exploration that is subject to non-Magmatic Hydrothermal Deposit.
embodiment 3: ore deposit prediction is looked in location, copper/lead/zinc ore bed deep, Southwest Sichuan basin
1, geologic background overview
Certain mineral deposit is Southwest Sichuan basin macrostructure hot-liquid type copper/lead/zinc ore bed, obviously pressurized shear fracture control, and it composes ore deposit country rock is coarse-grain pierite in (C1)Culm dolomitized, in ore, outside deleading zinc, copper can independently be drawn a circle to approve industry ore body in part location.The hydrothermal alterations such as ferrodolomite, pyritization and calcitization are strong and grow, and its feature is similar to embodiment 1, applies advantage is provided for alteration petrofacies location prediction method.
2, adopt the specific implementation process of the inventive method as follows:
(1) TECTONIC SETTING OF GOLD is resolved and the alteration charting stage
By the parsing of different directions structure in mining area, identifying ore-forming structure is that east northeast is pressed shear fracture to left lateral, and ore-forming structure system is Structure In Ne Direction band, and ore body is distributed in east northeast in the ferrodolomite coarse-grain pierite of the upper dish of fracture.By investigating and the meticulous measurement of representative section (Fig. 6) in mining area, the hydrothermal alteration type that mainly grow in mining area is veiny calcitization, veiny dolomitized and ferrodolomite and fine pulse-like, the pyritization of net veiny.
In tunnel with the some distance of 10 meters, determine ore-controlling structure, Extract Mineralized Alteration point, and gather Extract Mineralized Alteration rock sample, then by rock-mineral determination, determine that mining area mainly exists four kinds of alterated rocks: coarse-grain pierite or dolomitic limestone in coarse-grain pierite in the strong dolomitized of flesh pink, the strong ferrodolomite Pinhole-shaped of ecru coarse-grain pierite, the strong ferrodolomite-pyritization of canescence hole shape coarse-grain pierite and peripheral pure white dolomitized.These alteration types and plumbous zinc oreization are labeled in to geological plane maps (Fig. 7) above in detail, find that these altered rocks are along becoming ore deposit fracture to be banded, wire growth, many tools of rock coarse-grain, replacement texture and net veiny, vein structure (table 5).
table 5: hydrothermal alteration pierite petrofacies are divided band feature
(2) alteration petrofacies are divided the band stage
1) according to main alteration type, alteration intensity and distribution characteristics thereof, and the typical characteristics such as recrystallization, Microstructural Features, Typomorphism of Pyrite feature and pierite cranny structure of sumptomatic mineral (pyrite, ferrodolomite, kalzit), thin brilliant pierite from Pb-Zn orebody → canescence-strong pyritization-plumbous zinc ore Pinhole-shaped coarse-grain pierite → ecru ferrodolomite coarse-grain pierite → dolomitized-calcitization, having reflected to become ore deposit hydrothermal solution is the evolution product of middle temperature-neutrality → middle temperature-acidity → low temperature-alkalescence.
2) compose at mineralogy, microstructure, pyrite according to these rocks deposit, feature that the feature such as druse stuff, crack exists notable difference, the dolomitic identification mark in tax ore deposit has been proposed.From alteration pierite to ore body, pyritous variation characteristic is wherein obvious, present from the variation of loose point-like → dense disseminated → vein structure, its structure presents the variation of fine-grannular (cube) → coarse-grain (the false picture of pyritohedron-cube and the residual skeletal texture of explanation) → coarse-grain (pyritohedron);
3) hydrothermal alteration petrofacies are divided band rule: from composing ore bed bottom to top, alterated rocks facies tract is followed successively by: thin brilliant limy dolomite band in veiny dolomitized-calcitization, transition be in net veiny dolomitized-calcitization thin brilliant white clouds rock zone 3. → ecru ferrodolomite coarse-grain white clouds rock zone 2. → canescence-strong pyritization-plumbous zinc ore Pinhole-shaped coarse-grain white clouds rock zone 1. → thin 3. (Fig. 7) of brilliant grey rock zone of white clouds lithification.Meanwhile, comparative analysis main secondary element and the ratio thereof of altered rock, determined hydrothermal alteration parameter S iO
2, MgO/CaO, K
2o/CaO also presents regular variation (table 5), for deep part ore prediction provides important evidence.
) Deep-concealed Ore forecast period
1) according to point band rule of alteration petrofacies, work out 584 stage casing alterated rocks phasors (Fig. 7), worked out 961 stage casing alteration petrofacies zoning maps simultaneously;
2) according to point band rule of hydrothermal alteration petrofacies, the natural boundary of hydrothermal mineralization is that in net veiny dolomitized-calcitization thin brilliant white clouds rock zone is 3.;
3) by the contrast of 584m stage casing and 961 stage casing alteration petrofacies zoning maps, hydrothermal mineralization center is strong Extract Mineralized Alteration location, be canescence-strong pyritization-plumbous zinc ore Pinhole-shaped coarse-grain white clouds rock zone 1. in, drawn a circle to approve accordingly 5 emphasis and looked for target area, ore deposit (I, II, III, IV, V) (Fig. 7).
By part engineering verification, find concealed orebody in deep, more than 80 ten thousand tons of newly-increased plumbous zinc metals resources amounts, more than 20 ten thousand tons of copper metals resources amounts.
Claims (1)
1. a large scale alteration petrofacies location prediction method for hydrothermal deposit, its feature is to carry out as follows:
(1) TECTONIC SETTING OF GOLD is resolved and the alteration petrofacies charting stage
1) ore-forming structure identification: theory and the method for application ore field geomechanics, qualification is controlled the fracturing mechanics character that Extract Mineralized Alteration rock distributes in workspace, constructs, and ore-forming structure is labeled on geologic map after distinguishing metallogenic period structure and becoming ore deposit;
2) alteration is measured: in earth's surface or tunnel, with the some distance of 10～20 meters, determine the ground particle of ore-controlling structure, Extract Mineralized Alteration, and gather Extract Mineralized Alteration rock sample, coordinate under microscope and carry out rock-mineral determination, determine type and the sumptomatic mineral of alterated rocks;
3) alterated rocks combination, alterated rocks distribution, occurrence and Structural Tectonics feature thereof are labeled on geologic map;
(2) alteration petrofacies are divided the band stage
1) learn mark according to the sumptomatic mineral of altered rock, determine the formation environment of its alteration;
2) according to sumptomatic mineral combination and the Structural Tectonics feature thereof of different altered rocks, draw a circle to approve different hydrothermolite facies tracts;
3) summing up alteration petrofacies divides band rule or structure alteration petrofacies to divide band model;
(3) the Deep-concealed Ore location prediction stage
1) divide band rule or point band model, large scale alteration petrofacies zoning map in authorized strength work district according to alteration petrofacies;
2) according to the distribution range of hydrothermal alteration, the natural boundary of delineation hydrothermal mineralization;
3) contrast that different stage casings, different locations alterated rocks distribute mutually, Extract Mineralized Alteration strong and weakly changes, the variation characteristic of Extract Mineralized Alteration type, by the delineation of strong Extract Mineralized Alteration location for hydrothermal mineralization center be that emphasis is looked for target area, ore deposit, submission engineering verification.
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