CN115111917A - Vertical suspension boiling reaction device and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical suspension boiling reaction device, which comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: cyclonic separating apparatus comprising at least one cyclone; vertical suspension reaction equipment, it includes from outside to inside casing, heat preservation, the fire-resistant pouring layer that sets gradually, the inside cavity on vertical suspension reaction equipment's fire-resistant pouring layer is by suspension chamber, separation chamber interval series arrangement: the boiling cooling equipment comprises a shell, a heat insulation layer and a fire-resistant pouring layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. The invention also discloses a vertical suspension boiling reaction system. The device has high production efficiency and obvious energy-saving effect, and the system can independently control the atmosphere of the reaction and cooling environment, effectively shorten the reaction time and the heat exchange path and meet the complex process requirements of quick reaction and high-efficiency heat exchange.

Description

Vertical suspension boiling reaction device and system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of suspension calcination and boiling cooling. More particularly, the invention relates to a vertical suspension boiling reaction device and a system thereof.

Background

Currently, in the field of calcination and preparation of inorganic nonmetallic materials, the most common solid calcination reaction is widely applied by three calcination technologies, namely block calcination, particle calcination and powder calcination. Wherein, the powder calcining equipment has the highest production efficiency and the lowest energy consumption, the technology of the suspension heat exchange of a plurality of powder calcining processes in the preheating stage is mature, however, during the calcining reaction, the product has a process of spherical granulation, the existing calcining and cooling equipment takes powder suspension reaction as the main development direction, the existing suspension reaction equipment can not process spheroidized materials and can only be realized in a rotary kiln, the cement clinker produced by the suspension preheater and the decomposing furnace has the largest scale and the most stable production, the hour production capacity of the current mainstream standardized production equipment reaches over 240 tons, however, the suspension process is only realized in the preheating and decomposing part of the existing cement, ceramsite, ceramic sand and the like, the main synthesis and cooling are still completed in a rotary kiln and a grate cooler, the long-process preparation process is still adopted, and the energy consumption is difficult to continue to be reduced by the existing industrial level.

The typical calcination reaction not only needs very high temperature, but also the synthesis speed of the calcination reaction is greatly influenced by the speed of temperature change, namely the size of the temperature gradient, the temperature gradient is small, the reaction flow is long, the reaction activity of the materials is low, the reaction time is prolonged, the particle size of the materials after the reaction is increased, the diameter becomes very large, and the requirement can be met.

The traditional calcining reaction equipment and device can not form balls in a high-temperature cavity in the equipment, heavy equipment such as a rotary kiln and the like needs to be arranged outside, so that the reaction time is prolonged, the reaction process is increased, for example, the time for decomposing limestone of cement and the time for calcining cement clinker minerals are more than half an hour, and the activity of lime is reduced, so that the total long-process reaction causes higher energy consumption and huge equipment.

In some newly promoted suspension reaction devices and systems, because balling is also involved, but the balling materials can reduce the efficiency of suspension heat exchange, some current fully-suspended calcination reaction equipment need to increase more stages of cyclone heat exchange equipment, so that the equipment height is not increased and the equipment is complicated, more kinetic energy is consumed for each stage, the wind resistance is increased, the reaction flow is prolonged, and the energy conservation is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a vertical suspension boiling reaction device and a system, the device has short reaction time, controllable reaction pressure, can realize dense phase calcination, has sufficient heat exchange, has a temperature gradient during material sintering far larger than that of the traditional calcination reaction equipment, has high production efficiency and obvious energy-saving effect, can independently control the atmosphere of reaction and cooling environment, effectively shortens the reaction time and the heat exchange path, and can meet the complex process requirements of quick reaction and high-efficiency heat exchange.

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, a vertical suspension boiling reactor is provided, comprising, arranged in order from top to bottom:

the cyclone separation equipment comprises at least one stage of cyclone separator, wherein more than two stages of cyclone separators are arranged in series, when any stage of cyclone separator consists of two or more cyclone separators, the same stage of cyclone separator is arranged in parallel, each cyclone separator is at least provided with a material inlet and a smoke inlet which are positioned on a side tangential air inlet pipe, a smoke outlet which is positioned at the top and a material outlet which is positioned at the bottom, and the material inlet of at least one cyclone separator in one stage of cyclone separator is selected as a first raw material inlet;

vertical suspension response equipment, it includes from outer to inner casing, heat preservation, the fire-resistant pouring layer that sets gradually, the inside cavity on vertical suspension response equipment's fire-resistant pouring layer is by suspension chamber, separation chamber interval series arrangement and top for suspension chamber, bottom are the separation chamber, and wherein the suspension intracavity footpath is greater than the separation chamber internal diameter, is equipped with the transition chamber of reducing between suspension chamber, the separation chamber, and the suspension chamber at top has arranged the second raw materials import, exhanst gas outlet, material import and the fuel import that is located top or lateral part:

the boiling cooling equipment comprises a shell, a heat insulation layer and a fire-resistant pouring layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein a cavity in the fire-resistant pouring layer of the boiling cooling equipment is a boiling cavity, the top of the boiling cavity is communicated with a separation cavity of the vertical suspension reaction equipment, the boiling cavity is provided with an air cap and an air distribution pipeline, the bottom of the boiling cavity is provided with a finished product outlet, the side part of the boiling cavity is provided with a first air inlet, and the air distribution pipeline is communicated with the first air inlet;

the flue gas outlet of the vertical suspension reaction equipment is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the cyclone separation equipment, and the material outlet of the cyclone separation equipment is communicated with the material inlet of the vertical suspension reaction equipment.

It is preferable that the first and second liquid crystal layers are formed of,

the cyclone separation equipment forms a cyclone preheating section;

at least one suspension cavity, a transition cavity and a separation cavity on the upper part of the vertical suspension reaction equipment are used for carrying out suspension calcination reaction, and the materials are calcined and spheroidized in a suspension mode to form a calcination spheroidization section;

at least two suspension cavities, a transition cavity and a separation cavity at the lower part of the vertical suspension reaction equipment perform suspension heat exchange reaction, and the materials are separated into powder and particle materials in a suspension mode to form a suspension heat exchange section;

the material in the boiling cooling equipment is piled up in the boiling cavity, the material runs in a boiling and piling heat exchange mode to form a boiling cooling section, and a discharge pipe with a certain height is arranged at a finished product outlet to form material level sealing.

Preferably, a mixed flue gas pipeline is arranged at the outer side or the center of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, the lower end of the mixed flue gas pipeline is communicated with the suspension heat exchange section, and the upper end of the mixed flue gas pipeline is communicated with a flue gas inlet of the cyclone preheating section, so that part of the circularly cooled flue gas directly enters the cyclone preheating section without passing through the calcinating and spheroidizing section.

Preferably, the vertical suspension boiling reaction device comprises at least two suspension cavities and a separation cavity in the spheroidization section, wherein at least one suspension cavity at the top is a pyrolysis zone, at least one suspension cavity at the lower part is a spheroidization zone, the temperature of the spheroidization zone is higher than that of the pyrolysis zone, the upper pyrolysis zone controls the oxygen content to be less than 5%, and the lower spheroidization zone controls the oxygen content to be more than 9.5%.

Preferably, the calcining and spheroidizing section shell is provided with a water jacket:

the shell of the calcining and spheroidizing section is provided with a water jacket, cooling water is filled in the water jacket, and the material of the inner wall of the water jacket adopts a heat-resistant anticorrosive alloy material.

A vertical suspension boiling reaction system comprising:

the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment is used for homogenizing the raw material, controlling the particle size of a light material to be smaller than 7.5mm, controlling the particle size of a medium-density material to be smaller than 2.5mm and controlling the particle size of a heavy material to be smaller than 1mm, and is provided with a raw material outlet;

the vertical suspension boiling reaction device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first raw material inlet and/or the second raw material inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with the raw material outlet of the raw material homogenizing treatment device, and the fuel inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with the fuel source through a pipeline;

the heat exchanger is a boiler or a gas heat exchanger or the boiler or the gas heat exchanger and the gas heat exchanger are arranged in series, and a flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a flue gas outlet of cyclone separation equipment of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the dust removal and purification equipment adopts a bag type dust remover or a wet type electric dust remover, an air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger, and a discharge hole of the dust removal and purification equipment is communicated with a byproduct bin;

the main fan provides fresh air for the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, and an air outlet of the main fan is communicated with a first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the air inlet of the induced draft fan is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan is communicated with a chimney or an air storage tank;

when the spheroidizing calcination is carried out in the suspension cavity of the vertical suspension reaction system, the absolute pressure control range is 0.85-19.75 atm, so as to adapt to different raw materials and production process requirements.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating flue gas;

the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is the standard working condition volume of fresh air and the standard volume ratio of the flue gas amount participating in circulation, and the range of the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is 1: 0.75-1.75.

Preferably, the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is provided with a second air inlet, the heat exchanger comprises a gas heat exchanger, the main fan changes direction of the gas heat exchanger to provide fresh air, an air outlet of the main fan is communicated with a fresh air inlet of the gas heat exchanger, and a fresh air outlet of the gas heat exchanger is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide the fresh air;

further comprising:

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is communicated with the first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating cooling flue gas;

the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is the ratio of the standard working condition volume of fresh air to the amount of flue gas participating in circulation, the range of the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is 1: 0.75-3.75, and the oxygen content is controlled to be 0.15-8.75%.

Preferably, the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is provided with a second air inlet, the heat exchanger comprises a gas heat exchanger, the main fan changes direction of the gas heat exchanger to provide fresh air, an air outlet of the main fan is communicated with a fresh air inlet of the gas heat exchanger, and a fresh air outlet of the gas heat exchanger is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide the fresh air;

further comprising:

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is communicated with the first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating flue gas;

the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is the ratio of the standard working condition volume of fresh air to the amount of flue gas participating in circulation, the range of the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is 1: 0.10-3.75, and the content of carbon monoxide is controlled to be 0.15-4.75%.

Preferably, the heat exchanger and the dust removal and purification device are not included,

the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is provided with a second air inlet, and a first raw material inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with a raw material outlet of the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment;

the flue gas inlet of the high-temperature dust remover is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the flue gas inlet of the circulating water spraying equipment is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover;

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the flue gas outlet of the circulating water spraying equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide a mixed gas of circulating flue gas containing coal gas and water vapor;

the air inlet of the draught fan is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the circulating water spraying equipment, and the air outlet of the draught fan is communicated with a gas pipeline or a gas storage tank.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is formed by serially combining cyclone separation equipment, vertical suspension reaction equipment and boiling cooling equipment from top to bottom, the whole device is divided into a cyclone preheating section, a spheroidizing section, a suspension heat exchange section and a boiling cooling section, the reaction time is short, the reaction pressure is controllable, dense phase calcination can be realized, the heat exchange is sufficient, the temperature gradient of material sintering is far greater than that of the traditional calcining reaction equipment, the production efficiency is high, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable;

secondly, the vertical suspension boiling reaction system is provided with raw material homogenizing treatment equipment, a vertical suspension boiling reaction device, a heat exchanger, dust removal purification equipment, a main fan, an induced draft fan and the like, so that the reaction temperature and gradient can be accurately controlled, the granularity of a finished product can be adjusted, the whole system can independently control the atmosphere of a reaction and cooling environment, the reaction time and a heat exchange path are effectively shortened, and the complex process requirements of quick reaction and efficient heat exchange can be met.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical suspension boiling reaction device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical suspension boiling reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical suspension boiling reaction device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical suspension boiling reaction system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical suspension boiling reaction system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical suspension boiling reaction system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical suspension boiling reaction system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. The terms "transverse," "longitudinal," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be constructed in operation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the invention provides a vertical suspension boiling reaction device, which comprises the following components arranged from top to bottom in sequence:

the cyclone separation equipment 11 comprises at least one stage of cyclone separator, wherein more than two stages of cyclone separators are arranged in series, when any one stage of cyclone separator consists of two or more cyclone separators, the same stage of cyclone separator is arranged in parallel, each cyclone separator is at least provided with a material inlet (when the cyclone separators are multi-stage, the uppermost stage can be provided with no material inlet) and a smoke inlet on a side tangential air inlet pipe, a smoke outlet on the top and a material outlet on the bottom, and the material inlet of at least one cyclone separator in one stage of cyclone separator is selected as a first raw material inlet;

it should be noted that, in the actual design process, if the uppermost cyclone separator is only used for separation and not for preheating raw materials, the material inlet of the uppermost cyclone separator can be eliminated;

vertical suspension reaction equipment 12, it includes from outer to inner casing, heat preservation, the fire-resistant pouring layer that sets gradually, the inside cavity on the fire-resistant pouring layer of vertical suspension reaction equipment 12 is the separation chamber by suspension chamber, separation chamber interval series arrangement and top, wherein the suspension intracavity footpath is greater than the separation chamber internal diameter, is equipped with the transition chamber of reducing between suspension chamber, the separation chamber, the suspension chamber at top arranges the second raw materials import, exhanst gas outlet, material import and the fuel import that is located top or lateral part:

the boiling cooling equipment 13 comprises a shell, a heat insulation layer and a fireproof pouring layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein a cavity in the fireproof pouring layer of the boiling cooling equipment 13 is a boiling cavity, the top of the boiling cavity is communicated with a separation cavity of the vertical suspension reaction equipment, the boiling cavity is provided with an air cap and an air distribution pipeline, the bottom of the boiling cavity is provided with a finished product outlet, the side part of the boiling cavity is provided with a first air inlet, and the air distribution pipeline is communicated with the first air inlet;

the flue gas outlet of the vertical suspension reaction equipment 12 is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the cyclone separation equipment 11, and the material outlet of the cyclone separation equipment 11 is communicated with the material inlet of the vertical suspension reaction equipment 12.

In the technical scheme, the gravity and the suspension characteristics of the suspension cavity are creatively utilized, when the materials are partially or completely liquefied in the process of calcination reaction in the suspension cavity, the powder raw materials with small particle size are quickly heated and completely or partially liquefied, and then mutually adhered and aggregated to become spheres and continuously expand, hereinafter referred to as a spheroidizing process.

When the cyclone separation equipment 11 is in multiple stages, the cyclone separators are arranged in series, when the cyclone separation equipment is in two stages or above, the bottommost part is a first stage, the upper part is a second stage, the upper part is a third stage, and so on, and the material outlet of the upper cyclone separator in the two stages or above is communicated with the material inlet of the lower cyclone separator; the material inlet of at least one cyclone separator at the uppermost stage or the penultimate stage is selected as a first raw material inlet. The multistage preheating type meets different calcining requirements of more raw materials and more products, is more suitable for products such as magnetizing roasting and the like, can also be used for refining cement, ceramic sand, mullite, magnesia, oil shale, biochar, lignite coking and the like, can increase the heat exchange capacity of the raw materials and flue gas through multistage preheating, effectively improves the recovery efficiency of heat, reduces the load of heat exchange equipment and reduces investment. Compared with the prior art, the rotary kiln equipment for cement and ceramsite is particularly eliminated, meanwhile, the heat efficiency and the production efficiency can be improved, the energy-saving effect is remarkable, and the adaptability of raw materials is better.

The first and the second raw material inlets can be selected to feed respectively or simultaneously according to the characteristics of the raw materials, in order to be beneficial to the material spheroidizing process in the actual production process, the raw materials with different melting points can be added from different raw material inlets, the flue gas contains solid with a certain concentration, the raw materials are heated rapidly, the reaction activity is higher, the high-temperature spheroidizing effect of the materials is better, the spheroidizing time of the materials in the high-temperature calcining process is controlled by controlling the raw material concentration and the flue gas ascending speed, the particle size of the finished product is controlled within a certain range and is usually less than 5mm, so that the whole preheating, calcining and cooling reaction processes can be completed rapidly in a vertical reaction device, the rotary kiln equipment in production equipment can be cancelled, the reaction path is shortened, the flow is shortened, the efficiency is high, the reaction time is short, and the reaction pressure is controllable, the dense-phase calcination can be realized, the heat exchange is sufficient, the temperature gradient during the material calcination is far greater than that of the traditional calcination reaction equipment, the production efficiency is high, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable.

It should be noted that, when cement or ceramic sand and mullite are produced, and when all or part of the raw materials are coal gangue and other raw materials with high calorific value, no additional fuel is needed during normal production, and the original fuel inlet still needs to be reserved, and is mainly used for ignition.

In another solution, as shown in figure 2,

the cyclonic separating apparatus 11 forms a cyclonic preheating section 21;

at least one suspension cavity, a transition cavity and a separation cavity on the upper part of the vertical suspension reaction equipment 12 are used for carrying out suspension calcination reaction, and the materials are calcined and spheroidized in a suspension mode to form a calcination spheroidization section 22;

at least two suspension cavities, transition cavities and separation cavities at the lower part of the vertical suspension reaction equipment 12 perform suspension heat exchange reaction, the materials separate powder and particle materials in a suspension mode and realize heat exchange between upward hot air and downward particle materials to form a suspension heat exchange section 23;

the materials in the boiling cooling device 13 are accumulated in the boiling cavity, the materials are partially fluidized under the action of high-pressure air, the materials operate in a boiling and accumulation heat exchange mode, the material fluidization heat exchange effect is the best, and a boiling cooling section 24 is formed;

the finished product outlet is provided with a discharging pipe with a certain height, and the discharging speed of the material is controlled, so that the material in the pipe is accumulated to form material level sealing.

In the above technical scheme, the vertical suspension boiling reaction device integrates the functions of suspension preheating, suspension calcining and reaction, calcining spheroidization, suspension heat exchange and boiling cooling, is particularly suitable for high-temperature calcining reaction of particles before reaction, the temperature of the raw materials is rapidly increased when the first raw material and the second raw material enter the raw materials by controlling the temperature and the gas flow rate of the calcining reaction, partial or all melting and spheroidization are generated in the calcining spheroidization section 22 due to high temperature, the diameter of the sphere is gradually increased in the contact process with other materials, the sphere falls down after the dead weight is greater than the resistance of upwind and enters the suspension heat exchange section 23 through the separation cavity, and partial materials with small particle size are brought into the calcining spheroidization section 22 again by the upwind with the increased wind speed due to the reduction of the diameter to continue spheroidization and increase the diameter continuously until the materials fall through the separation cavity, the material passing through the calcination spheroidization section 22 is cooled by heat exchange with the upwind in the suspension heat exchange zone, falls into the boiling cooling section 24, is cooled for a long time and then is discharged, and the preheating, calcination and cooling reactions from the raw material to the finished product are completed.

The reaction system of the invention integrates the suspension and boiling heat exchange technology, fully exchanges heat and strips the powder raw material in the falling process of the spheroidizing semi-finished product material of the calcining spheroidizing section 22, and can greatly prolong the heat exchange time when the spheroidizing semi-finished product is subjected to boiling heat exchange at the bottom, thereby achieving the purpose of fully exchanging heat and cooling.

When the low atmospheric pressure which is lower than the standard atmospheric pressure of 1atm is adopted in the system, the method is favorable for the rapid decomposition of the heated raw materials, is suitable for the production process of the biochar, and can effectively improve the temperature including some hydrocracking reactions when the high atmospheric pressure which is far higher than the standard atmospheric pressure of 1atm is adopted, thereby improving the yield and the quality of the shale oil.

In another technical scheme, as shown in fig. 3, when the oxygen content of the pyrolysis zone of the calcination and spheroidization section or the whole calcination and spheroidization section 22 of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device needs to be controlled, since the flue gases coming from the bottom influence the oxygen content of the calcining gas, the flue gases of the suspended heat exchange section 23 can be directly introduced into the upper cyclone preheating section 21 through the mixed flue gas duct 14, thereby improving the heat capacity of the bottom suspension heat exchange section 23 and the boiling cooling section 24, reducing the influence on the oxygen content and the temperature of the calcining zone and the pyrolysis zone of the calcining and spheroidizing section 22, a mixed flue gas pipeline 14 is arranged at the outer side or the center of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, the lower end of the mixed flue gas pipeline 14 is communicated with the suspension heat exchange section 23, and the upper end of the mixed flue gas pipeline is communicated with a flue gas inlet of the cyclone preheating section 21, so that part of the circularly cooled flue gas directly enters the cyclone preheating section 21 without passing through the calcinating and spheroidizing section 22.

In the above technical scheme, to some raw materials do not need a large amount of oxygen, need a large amount of cooling gas again, if whole gas gets into the calcination reaction section, there is the oxygen concentration of greatly reduced reaction section, the condition of normal combustion of the way even does not have, this technical scheme will be used for a large amount of gas that is not used for the burning of cooling and heat transfer and directly bypass calcination balling section 22 and get into whirlwind preheating section 21, the drawback that whole cooling gas got into reaction equipment has been solved, make a part of cooling flue gas directly carry out whirlwind preheating section 21, can also better recovery heat, and can effectively control the oxygen concentration of calcination balling section 22, reach the balance of thermal efficiency and production efficiency. Sometimes, depending on design requirements, a portion of the flue gas may be introduced into the pyrolysis zone of the calciner spheroidization segment 22 to increase the pyrolysis capacity of the material.

In another technical solution, the spheroidizing section 22 of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device comprises at least two suspension cavities and a separation cavity, at least one suspension cavity at the top is a pyrolysis zone, at least one suspension cavity at the lower part is a spheroidizing zone, the temperature of the spheroidizing zone is higher than that of the pyrolysis zone, usually, the temperature of a heat solving zone is controlled to be 650-950 ℃, the temperature of the spheroidizing zone is controlled to be 1050-1350 ℃, the oxygen content of the upper layer pyrolysis zone is controlled to be less than 5%, and the oxygen content of the lower layer spheroidizing zone is controlled to be more than 9.5%.

In the technical scheme, aiming at the conditions that a kiln mainly takes block-shaped materials in the shale oil production process has low production efficiency, simultaneously produces a large amount of semicoke solid wastes and is very difficult to treat, the technical scheme adopts a powder suspension production mode, greatly improves the production efficiency, adopts an independent pyrolysis mode, can separate most of oil and gas before spheroidization of the materials, is suitable for preparing coal gas and heavy oil from shale, simultaneously produces the byproduct ceramic sand, not only greatly improves the efficiency, but also has higher strength of the byproduct ceramic sand, can replace river sand with high performance requirements, improves the heat insulation performance of a concrete building, reduces the weight, greatly improves the economic benefit and the environmental protection benefit of the shale, can meet the production requirements of biochar when used for preparing the biochar, simultaneously produces biogas and tar as byproducts when used for a lignite coking production process, not only can produce high-quality metallurgical coke particles, but also can produce by-products of coal gas and tar.

In another technical solution, as shown in fig. 2, the outer shell of the calcination spheroidizing section 22 is provided with a water jacket:

the shell of the calcination spheroidization section 22 is provided with a water jacket, cooling water is filled in the water jacket, and the inner wall material of the water jacket is made of heat-resistant anticorrosive alloy material.

In above-mentioned technical scheme, the melting point to some raw materialss is low, easily bonds with vertical suspension response device 12's lateral wall, influences the process that balling and spheroid enlarge, can form the bold sometimes, reduces the volume of response device inner chamber, can drop after forming the bold, brings unpredictable risk for the normal operating of equipment, and this technical scheme adopts the water-cooling wall to cool off the molten material rapidly, is favorable to the balling of material reaction, guarantees the normal operating of equipment.

A vertical suspension boiling reaction system, as shown in fig. 4, comprising:

the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment 31 is used for homogenizing the raw materials, and controlling the particle size of the light material to be smaller than 7.5mm, the particle size of the medium-density material to be smaller than 2.5mm and the particle size of the heavy material to be smaller than 1mm, wherein the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment 31 is provided with a raw material outlet;

in the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, a first raw material inlet and/or a second raw material inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device are/is communicated with a raw material outlet of the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment 31, and a fuel inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with a fuel source 32 through a pipeline;

the heat exchanger is a boiler 51 or a gas heat exchanger 52 or the series arrangement of the boiler and the gas heat exchanger, and a flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the cyclone separation equipment 11 of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the dust removal and purification equipment 6 adopts a bag type dust remover or a wet type electric dust remover, an air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment 6 is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger, and a discharge hole of the dust removal and purification equipment 6 is communicated with a byproduct bin;

the main fan 41 is used for providing fresh air for the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, and an air outlet of the main fan 41 is communicated with a first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

an air inlet of the induced draft fan 42 is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the dust removal and purification equipment 6, and an air outlet of the induced draft fan 42 is communicated with a chimney or an air storage tank;

when the spheroidizing calcination is carried out in the suspension cavity of the vertical suspension reaction system, the absolute pressure control range is 0.85-19.75 atm, so as to adapt to different raw materials and production process requirements.

In the above technical solutions, the basic form is mainly used for manufacturing cement clinker, and can also be used for manufacturing most of powdered raw materials and granular finished products, such as ceramic sand, mullite and magnesia.

Because the traditional calcination reaction time is long, the materials are separately carried out from decomposition to synthesis, the technical scheme is basic, the decomposition reaction and the synthesis reaction are combined and carried out in one reactor, the reaction path and time are shortened, the reaction process is accelerated, the efficiency and the energy-saving effect are obviously improved, the requirement of the calcination reaction of the product with smaller product granularity can be met, the method is suitable for the common high-temperature calcination reaction, mainly aiming at the condition that the added fuel is separated from the raw material, and is suitable for the particle enlargement after most of reactions and the calcination reaction of heavy materials, taking the production of cement clinker as an example, the raw materials except limestone are selected to be added from a first raw material inlet, the limestone raw material enters from a second raw material inlet, the limestone raw material is rapidly heated and the calcium carbonate is rapidly decomposed, the activity of the decomposed lime is increased, and the high-activity lime can rapidly react with other raw materials at lower temperature, and effectively shortens the reaction time of materials and reduces the energy consumption. The limestone raw material is added from the first raw material inlet, and the raw materials except the limestone are added from the second raw material inlet, so that the limestone raw material enters the calcining and spheroidizing section 22 after being preheated, the method is more suitable for the limestone which is difficult to decompose, can reduce the exhaust temperature of flue gas, can quickly complete the spheroidizing process of cement clinker by improving the temperature of the calcining and spheroidizing section 22, effectively shortens the reaction time of the materials and reduces the energy consumption, and the selection of the process is mainly determined by the properties of the raw materials, the spheroidizing requirement in the calcining process and the quality requirement of the finished product. Meanwhile, the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the reaction device is high, the boiler 51 can be directly driven to generate electricity, the power generation power of the reaction device is improved, even the self-electricity utilization is met, the external power supply can be realized, the method is more favorable for the section which takes coal as main fuel and has high electricity price, and particularly in the process for preparing ceramsite or ceramic sand by taking coal gangue as raw material, more heat energy can be used for generating electricity because the heat required by the process is limited, the environmental protection and social benefits of coal gangue treatment are increased, and simultaneously, the method has good economic benefits.

In another technical solution, as shown in fig. 5, the method further includes:

an air inlet of the circulating fan 43 is communicated with an air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment 6, and an air outlet of the circulating fan 43 is also communicated with a first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating flue gas;

the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is the standard working condition volume of fresh air and the standard volume ratio of the flue gas amount participating in circulation, and the range of the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is 1: 0.75-1.75.

In the technical scheme, the flue gas circulation type is suitable for production of cement clinker, particularly raw materials containing coal gangue and the like with a certain heat value are adopted, and finally required heat is less than heat contained in the raw materials and fuel. Increase gas circulation's suitable object with aforementioned all products, reduce the temperature and the oxygen concentration of calcining the section, increase the gas quantity simultaneously, improve the cooling capacity of material, retrieve the heat to oxygen concentration when reducing high temperature and calcining the balling is favorable to reducing nitrogen oxide's in the flue gas concentration, is favorable to the discharge to reach standard of environmental protection, can increase gas heat exchanger 52 in flue gas heat transfer system, produced hot-blast drying that can be used to the material.

In another technical solution, as shown in fig. 5, a second air inlet is formed in the upper portion of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, the heat exchanger includes a gas heat exchanger 52, the main fan 41 redirects the gas heat exchanger 52 to provide fresh air, an air outlet of the main fan 41 is communicated with the fresh air inlet of the gas heat exchanger 52, and a fresh air outlet of the gas heat exchanger 52 is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide hot air;

further comprising:

an air inlet of the circulating fan 43 is communicated with an air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment 6, and an air outlet of the circulating fan 43 is communicated with a first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating cooling flue gas;

the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is the ratio of the standard working condition volume of fresh air to the amount of flue gas participating in circulation, the range of the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is 1: 0.75-3.75, and the oxygen content is controlled to be 0.15-8.75%.

In the technical scheme, the full-smoke circulation type ceramic brick is suitable for production and preparation of ceramsite, ceramic sand, mullite and the like, and is beneficial to achieving the spheroidizing calcination effect.

Aiming at some synthesis reactions which need less heat or have obvious exothermic reactions, the amount of fresh air far cannot meet the cooling process of finished products, the heat cannot be completely taken away, the temperature of the finished products is too high, energy is wasted, if too much flue gas is added, the oxygen concentration is too low, fuel cannot be completely combusted, and the energy is wasted.

In another solution, as shown in figure 6,

a second air inlet is formed in the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, the heat exchanger comprises a gas heat exchanger 52, the main fan 41 changes the direction of the gas heat exchanger 52 to provide fresh air, an air outlet of the main fan 41 is communicated with the fresh air inlet of the gas heat exchanger 52, and a fresh air outlet of the gas heat exchanger 52 is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide the hot air;

further comprising:

an air inlet of the circulating fan 43 is communicated with an air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment 6, and an air outlet of the circulating fan 43 is communicated with a first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating flue gas;

the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is the ratio of the standard working condition volume of fresh air to the flue gas amount participating in circulation, the range of the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is 1: 0.10-3.75, and the content of carbon monoxide is controlled to be 0.15-4.75%.

In the above technical scheme, the reduction flue gas circulation type is suitable for reduced iron and limonite magnetizing roasting, and it should be noted that in the limonite magnetizing roasting process, although the finished product does not reach the liquefaction temperature and cannot meet the requirement of calcination spheroidization, the spheroidization calcination effect can also be achieved due to the high material density.

Aiming at some synthesis reactions which need less heat or have obvious exothermic reactions, the amount of fresh air far cannot meet the cooling process of finished products, the heat cannot be completely taken away, the temperature of the finished products is too high, energy is wasted, if too much flue gas is added, the oxygen concentration is too low, fuel cannot be completely combusted, and the energy is wasted.

In another technical scheme, as shown in fig. 7, the heat exchanger and the dust removing and purifying device 6 are not included,

the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is provided with a second air inlet, and a first raw material inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with a raw material outlet of the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment 31;

the device also comprises a high-temperature dust remover 7, wherein a flue gas inlet of the high-temperature dust remover 7 is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the device also comprises a circulating water spraying device 8, wherein a flue gas inlet of the circulating water spraying device is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 7;

the gas-water separation device further comprises a circulating fan 43, an air inlet of the circulating fan 43 is also communicated with a flue gas outlet of the circulating water spraying equipment 8, and an air outlet of the circulating fan 43 is communicated with a second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide a mixed gas of circulating flue gas containing coal gas and water vapor;

the air inlet of the induced draft fan 42 is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the circulating water spraying equipment 8, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan 42 is communicated with a gas pipeline or a gas storage tank for conveying gas outwards.

In the technical scheme, the water cooling circulation type is suitable for refining the oil shale, preparing the biochar and coking the lignite, and meanwhile, by-products of biological gas and tar are obtained.

In the technical scheme, the raw materials can be added into the first raw material inlet, so that part of undecomposed asphalt heavy oil in the flue gas is combined with the raw materials entering at low temperature, and then the combined raw materials return to the suspension pyrolysis zone to be continuously decomposed to form oil gas, and the oil gas is discharged along with the flue gas to form high-quality oil gas.

According to the technical scheme, a hydrogenation device can be adopted in the pyrolysis zone, high-pressure reaction is adopted, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen is adopted for fresh air, so that the utilization efficiency of the catalyst is improved, the shale can directly produce light crude oil, and the quality of produced oil is effectively improved.

The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. Vertical suspension boiling reaction unit, its characterized in that includes from last to arranging down in proper order:

the cyclone separation equipment comprises at least one stage of cyclone separator, wherein more than two stages of cyclone separators are arranged in series, when any stage of cyclone separator consists of two or more cyclone separators, the same stage of cyclone separator is arranged in parallel, each cyclone separator is at least provided with a material inlet and a smoke inlet which are positioned on a side tangential air inlet pipe, a smoke outlet which is positioned at the top and a material outlet which is positioned at the bottom, and the material inlet of at least one cyclone separator in one stage of cyclone separator is selected as a first raw material inlet;

vertical suspension response equipment, it includes from outer to inner casing, heat preservation, the fire-resistant pouring layer that sets gradually, the inside cavity on vertical suspension response equipment's fire-resistant pouring layer is by suspension chamber, separation chamber interval series arrangement and top for suspension chamber, bottom are the separation chamber, and wherein the suspension intracavity footpath is greater than the separation chamber internal diameter, is equipped with the transition chamber of reducing between suspension chamber, the separation chamber, and the suspension chamber at top has arranged the second raw materials import, exhanst gas outlet, material import and the fuel import that is located top or lateral part:

the boiling cooling equipment comprises a shell, a heat insulation layer and a fire-resistant pouring layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein a cavity in the fire-resistant pouring layer of the boiling cooling equipment is a boiling cavity, the top of the boiling cavity is communicated with a separation cavity of the vertical suspension reaction equipment, the boiling cavity is provided with an air cap and an air distribution pipeline, the bottom of the boiling cavity is provided with a finished product outlet, the side part of the boiling cavity is provided with a first air inlet, and the air distribution pipeline is communicated with the first air inlet;

the flue gas outlet of the vertical suspension reaction equipment is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the cyclone separation equipment, and the material outlet of the cyclone separation equipment is communicated with the material inlet of the vertical suspension reaction equipment.

2. The vertical suspension boiling reactor of claim 1,

the cyclone separation equipment forms a cyclone preheating section;

at least one suspension cavity, a transition cavity and a separation cavity on the upper part of the vertical suspension reaction equipment are used for carrying out suspension calcination reaction, and the materials are calcined and spheroidized in a suspension mode to form a calcination spheroidization section;

at least two suspension cavities, a transition cavity and a separation cavity at the lower part of the vertical suspension reaction equipment perform suspension heat exchange reaction, and the materials are separated into powder and particle materials in a suspension mode to form a suspension heat exchange section;

the material in the boiling cooling equipment is piled up in the boiling cavity, the material runs in a boiling and piling heat exchange mode to form a boiling cooling section, and a discharge pipe with a certain height is arranged at a finished product outlet to form material level sealing.

3. The vertical suspension boiling reaction device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a mixed flue gas pipeline is arranged outside or in the center of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, the lower end of the mixed flue gas pipeline is communicated with the suspension heat exchange section, and the upper end of the mixed flue gas pipeline is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the cyclone preheating section, so that part of the circularly cooled flue gas directly enters the cyclone preheating section without passing through the calcinating and spheroidizing section.

4. The vertical suspension boiling reactor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vertical suspension boiling reactor comprises at least two suspension cavities and a separation cavity, at least one suspension cavity at the top is a pyrolysis zone, at least one suspension cavity at the lower part is a spheroidisation zone, the temperature of the spheroidisation zone is higher than that of the pyrolysis zone, the upper layer pyrolysis zone controls the oxygen content to be less than 5%, and the lower layer spheroidisation zone controls the oxygen content to be more than 9.5%.

5. The vertical suspension boiling reaction device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the calcinating and spheroidizing section shell is provided with a water jacket:

the shell of the calcination spheroidization section is provided with a water jacket, cooling water is filled in the water jacket, and the inner wall material of the water jacket is made of a heat-resistant anticorrosive alloy material.

6. Vertical suspension boiling reaction system, characterized by, includes:

the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment is used for homogenizing the raw material, controlling the particle size of a light material to be smaller than 7.5mm, controlling the particle size of a medium-density material to be smaller than 2.5mm and controlling the particle size of a heavy material to be smaller than 1mm, and is provided with a raw material outlet;

the vertical suspension boiling reaction device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first raw material inlet and/or the second raw material inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with the raw material outlet of the raw material homogenizing treatment device, and the fuel inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with the fuel source through a pipeline;

the heat exchanger is a boiler or a gas heat exchanger or the boiler or the gas heat exchanger and the gas heat exchanger are arranged in series, and a flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a flue gas outlet of cyclone separation equipment of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the dust removal and purification equipment adopts a bag type dust collector or a wet type electric dust collector, an air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment is communicated with a smoke outlet of the heat exchanger, and a discharge hole of the dust removal and purification equipment is communicated with a byproduct bin;

the main fan provides fresh air for the vertical suspension boiling reaction device, and an air outlet of the main fan is communicated with a first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the air inlet of the induced draft fan is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan is communicated with a chimney or an air storage tank;

when spheroidizing calcination is carried out in the suspension cavity of the vertical suspension reaction system, the absolute pressure control range is 0.85-19.75 atm, so that the requirements of different raw materials and production processes are met.

7. The vertical suspension boiling reaction system of claim 6, further comprising:

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating flue gas;

the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is the standard working condition volume of fresh air and the standard volume ratio of the flue gas amount participating in circulation, and the range of the flue gas circulation coefficient ratio is 1: 0.75-1.75.

8. The vertical suspension boiling reaction system of claim 6,

the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is provided with a second air inlet, the heat exchanger comprises a gas heat exchanger, the main fan changes the direction of the gas heat exchanger to provide fresh air, the air outlet of the main fan is communicated with the fresh air inlet of the gas heat exchanger, and the fresh air outlet of the gas heat exchanger is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide the fresh air;

further comprising:

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is communicated with the first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating cooling flue gas;

the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is the ratio of the standard working condition volume of fresh air to the amount of flue gas participating in circulation, the range of the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is 1: 0.75-3.75, and the oxygen content is controlled to be 0.15-8.75%.

9. The vertical suspension boiling reaction system of claim 6,

the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is provided with a second air inlet, the heat exchanger comprises a gas heat exchanger, the main fan changes the direction of the gas heat exchanger to provide fresh air, the air outlet of the main fan is communicated with the fresh air inlet of the gas heat exchanger, and the fresh air outlet of the gas heat exchanger is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide the fresh air;

further comprising:

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the air inlet of the dust removal and purification equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is communicated with the first air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide circulating flue gas;

the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is the ratio of the standard working condition volume of fresh air to the amount of flue gas participating in circulation, the range of the ratio of the flue gas circulation coefficient is 1: 0.10-3.75, and the content of carbon monoxide is controlled to be 0.15-4.75%.

10. The vertical suspension boiling reaction system of claim 6, which does not comprise a heat exchanger and a dust removal purification device,

the upper part of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is provided with a second air inlet, and a first raw material inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device is communicated with a raw material outlet of the raw material homogenizing treatment equipment;

the device also comprises a high-temperature dust remover, wherein a flue gas inlet of the high-temperature dust remover is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device;

the flue gas inlet of the circulating water spraying equipment is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover;

the air inlet of the circulating fan is also communicated with the flue gas outlet of the circulating water spraying equipment, and the air outlet of the circulating fan is communicated with the second air inlet of the vertical suspension boiling reaction device to provide a mixed gas of circulating flue gas containing coal gas and water vapor;

the air inlet of the draught fan is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the circulating water spraying equipment, and the air outlet of the draught fan is communicated with a gas pipeline or a gas storage tank.

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