CN115110940A - Crack simulation device, experimental instrument and method for proppant migration track and spreading - Google Patents
Crack simulation device, experimental instrument and method for proppant migration track and spreading Download PDFInfo
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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Abstract
The application provides a crack simulation device, a proppant migration track and distribution experimental apparatus and a method. This crack analogue means includes: the crack main body is in a semi-elliptical shape and comprises a fixing plate and a transparent observation plate; outlet holes are uniformly distributed along the arc-shaped periphery of the crack main body; a main liquid and proppant injection section; and a secondary liquid and proppant injection section comprising a secondary injection line movably disposed within the primary liquid and proppant injection section to adjust a height of the secondary injection line injection port. This application utilizes this crack analogue means can simulate oval fracturing crack form and the proppant migration orbit and the spread law at crack tip. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the propping agent can be analyzed. The fracture simulation device can also evaluate the migration track of a small amount of proppant even a single particle in the fracture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing, in particular to a fracture simulation device, a propping agent migration track and distribution experimental instrument and a method.
Background
In the hydraulic fracture transformation process, the migration and distribution characteristics of the proppant in the fracture have important influence on the fracture transformation effect. The proppant is influenced by various factors such as gravity, fluid carrying force, particle collision force and the like in the fracturing fracture, and the migration path of the proppant is complicated and changeable.
The indoor experiment is one of the important means for researching the migration track and the distribution of the proppant. The migration track and the spreading form of the proppant in the fracturing fracture can be conveniently observed by using an experiment, the influence of the fracture form, the fracturing fluid parameters, the proppant parameters, the construction parameters and the like on the migration and the spreading of the proppant is evaluated, the fracturing modification supporting effect is analyzed, and a reference is provided for fracturing design optimization and proppant material optimization.
A large amount of experimental researches are carried out at home and abroad aiming at the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the propping agent in the crack, and different types of experimental instruments and experimental methods are formed.
However, the existing laboratory instruments have the following disadvantages: (1) the fracture is in a straight cuboid shape. The existing fracture simulation device of the experimental instrument is mainly cuboid, has large difference with an oval fracturing fracture in the actual fracturing process, and cannot simulate the migration track and the distribution rule of a propping agent at the tip of the fracture. (2) The outlet for the fluid is primarily at the end of the fracture. The fluid outlet ends of the existing fracture simulation device are mainly distributed at the tail end of the fracture simulation device, no fluid flows in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flows in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the propping agent cannot be analyzed. (3) The evaluation and analysis of the migration trajectory of a small amount of proppant cannot be performed. The existing experimental instrument is mainly used for simulating the migration track and the spreading of a large amount of propping agents, and the migration track of a small amount of propping agents in a fracture cannot be evaluated, so that the difficulty in evaluating the migration track of a single propping agent particle is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a fracture simulation apparatus, a proppant transport trajectory and a spreading experimental apparatus and method. The fracture simulation device can simulate an oval fracturing fracture and simulate the migration track and the spreading rule of the propping agent at the tip of the fracture. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the propping agent can be analyzed. The fracture simulation device can also evaluate the migration track of a small amount of proppant even a single particle in the fracture.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fracture simulation device, comprising: the crack main body is in a semi-elliptical shape and comprises a fixing plate and a transparent observation plate, a crack space is formed by the fixing plate and the transparent observation plate in a surrounding mode, and an opening of the crack space is located at the axis of the crack main body; outlet holes are uniformly distributed along the arc-shaped periphery of the crack main body; a primary liquid and proppant injection portion in communication with an opening of the fracture volume of the fracture body; and a secondary liquid and proppant injection section comprising a secondary injection line movably disposed within the primary liquid and proppant injection section to adjust a height of a secondary injection line injection port. The fracture simulation device is utilized in the embodiment, the shape of the oval fracturing fracture and the proppant migration track and the spreading rule of the tip of the fracture can be simulated; meanwhile, the fracture simulation device has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the propping agent can be analyzed. The fracture simulation device can also evaluate the migration track of a small amount of proppant even a single particle in the fracture.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the transparent observation plate is fixed on the fixing plate through a cushion block, and the cushion block is arranged along the arc-shaped periphery of the fracture main body; the outlet aperture is located on the spacer. Through this embodiment, be favorable to connecting fixed plate and transparent observation board and making both enclose and form the crack space.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, a sealant layer is formed between the pad and the fixing plate, and the sealant layer is made of resin adhesive; and a sealing adhesive layer is formed between the cushion block and the transparent observation plate and is composed of resin adhesive. Through this embodiment, can make crack analogue means have good leakproofness ability, be favorable to going on smoothly of experiment.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, a rubber gasket is mounted between the spacer and the transparent viewing plate for supporting the transparent viewing plate. Through this embodiment, the airtight performance of crack analogue means can further be promoted to the rubber packing ring, is favorable to going on smoothly of experiment.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the cushion block is uniformly distributed with mounting holes, and screws can penetrate through the mounting holes and the fixing plate so as to fix the cushion block on the fixing plate. Through this embodiment, can improve the mechanical strength that is connected between cushion and the fixed plate, avoid cushion and fixed plate alternate segregation.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, fixing holes are uniformly distributed along the arc-shaped periphery of the transparent observation plate, and screws can penetrate through the fixing holes to fix the transparent observation plate on the cushion block. Through this embodiment, can improve the mechanical strength of being connected between cushion and the transparent observation board, avoid cushion and transparent observation board to separate each other.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the transparent observation plate is marked with scale marks. By the embodiment, observation of the migration track of the proppant and estimation of the spreading scale are facilitated, so that the migration path is observed and data analysis in the later period is facilitated.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the fixed plate is made of a steel material and the transparent viewing plate is made of perspex. Through this embodiment, be favorable to reducing the cost of fixed plate and improving its mechanical strength, be favorable to reducing the cost of transparent observation board simultaneously and be favorable to going on smoothly of experiment observation.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a proppant transport trajectory and distribution experimental apparatus, which includes the fracture simulation apparatus of the first aspect and any of the embodiments thereof. By using the experimental instrument and adopting an elliptical fracturing fracture form, the migration track and the spreading rule of the propping agent at the tip of the fracture are evaluated. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the propping agent can be analyzed. The fracture simulation device can also evaluate the migration track of a small amount of proppant even a single particle in the fracture.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the laboratory apparatus further comprises: the water source is used for providing water required by the experiment for the experiment instrument; a main injection mixing system for providing a sand-carrying fluid to a main fluid and proppant injection portion of the fracture simulation device; a secondary injection mixing system for providing a sand-carrying fluid to a secondary fluid and proppant injection portion of the fracture simulator; the outlet pipeline collecting tank is used for collecting the sand-carrying liquid and is communicated with the outlet hole through a pipeline, and the outlet pipeline collecting tank is communicated with a main injection mixing liquid tank of the main injection mixing system through a pipeline; and the control system is used for controlling the operation of the experimental instrument and recording operation data. By the implementation mode, the migration track and the spreading rule of the propping agent in the fracture tip and fracture height directions can be simulated. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the propping agent can be analyzed. The fracture simulator can also evaluate the migration track of a small amount of single-particle propping agent in the fracture.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the main injection mixing system comprises: the main injection mixed liquid tank is connected with the water source and can be used for preparing fracturing fluid and sand carrying fluid; the main propping agent adding device is connected with the main injection liquid mixing tank and is used for conveying propping agents to the main injection liquid mixing tank; and the main injection pump is connected with the main injection mixed liquid tank and used for pumping fracturing liquid and sand-carrying liquid and controlling the flow of the sand-carrying liquid entering the main liquid and propping agent injection part, and the main injection pump is communicated with the main liquid and propping agent injection part of the crack simulation device through a pipeline. By this embodiment, it is advantageous to provide a sand-carrying fluid to the main fluid and proppant injection portion of the fracture simulation apparatus.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, a main injection line ball valve, a main injection flow meter and a main injection pressure gauge are provided on a line connecting the main injection pump and the main liquid and proppant injection section of the fracture simulation apparatus. Through this embodiment, main injection pipeline ball valve can control whether the sand-carrying liquid that main injection hybrid system was prepared can flow into the fracture analogue means, and main injection flowmeter and main injection pressure gauge are used for measuring respectively from the main flow and the pressure of the sand-carrying liquid that the hybrid system got into the fracture analogue means that inject to make things convenient for control system to the real-time regulation and control of laboratory glassware.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the secondary injection mixing system comprises: the secondary injection liquid mixing tank is connected with the water source and can be used for configuring fracturing fluid; the secondary injection pump is connected with the secondary injection liquid mixing tank and is used for controlling the flow of the fracturing liquid entering the secondary liquid and proppant injection part; and a secondary proppant adding device, a first end of which is communicated with the secondary injection pump through a pipeline; a second end of which is in line communication with a secondary injection line of a secondary liquid and proppant injection section for adding proppant to the secondary injection line. With this embodiment, it is advantageous to provide a low sand ratio carrier fluid to the secondary fluid and proppant injection portion of the fracture simulation device.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, a secondary injection line ball valve, a secondary injection flow meter and a secondary injection pressure gauge are provided on the line connecting the secondary injection pump and the secondary proppant adding device. Through the implementation mode, the secondary injection pipeline ball valve can control whether the sand-carrying liquid prepared by the secondary injection mixing system can flow into the fracture simulation device or not, and the secondary injection flowmeter and the secondary injection pressure gauge are respectively used for measuring the flow and the pressure of the sand-carrying liquid entering the fracture simulation device from the secondary injection pump, so that the experimental instrument can be conveniently regulated and controlled in real time by the control system.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, an outlet flow meter and an outlet control valve are provided on the line connecting the outlet orifice and the outlet line holding tank. Through this embodiment, the export control valve is used for controlling whether the sand-carrying liquid that flows through the export punchhole gets into the export pipeline collecting tank, and the export flowmeter is used for measuring the flow that the sand-carrying liquid that flows through the export punchhole gets into the export pipeline collecting tank to make things convenient for control system to the real-time regulation and control of laboratory glassware.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the control system is in communication with the primary proppant addition device, the primary injection and mix tank, the primary injection pump, the secondary proppant addition device, the secondary injection and mix tank, the secondary injection pump, and the respective flow and pressure meters, respectively. By the embodiment, the control system is beneficial to controlling each device and collecting experimental data in real time.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a method for analyzing proppant transport trajectory and distribution by using the experimental apparatus of the second aspect and any one of the embodiments thereof, the method comprising the steps of: setting parameters of the sand carrying liquid and injection parameters; pumping a sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device; observing the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the propping agent through a transparent observation plate of the crack simulation device and shooting; changing parameters of the sand carrying liquid and injection parameters, and repeating the steps. By using the method, the elliptical fracturing fracture form and the simulation of the migration track and the spreading rule of the propping agent at the tip of the fracture can be realized. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the propping agent can be analyzed. The fracture simulation device can also evaluate the migration track of a small amount of proppant even a single particle in the fracture.
In one embodiment of the third aspect, pumping a sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device while simulating a proppant transport trajectory comprises the steps of: adjusting the height of the secondary injection line injection port to a target height; the main injection mixing system conveys fracturing fluid to the fracture simulation device through a main fluid and proppant injection part; the secondary injection mixing system pumps the sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device through a secondary fluid and proppant injection portion. By this embodiment, it is advantageous to study the migration trajectory of small amounts of even single particle proppants in the fracture.
In one embodiment of the third aspect, in simulating the proppant spread characteristics, pumping a sand-carrying fluid to a fracture simulation device comprises the steps of: adjusting the height of a secondary injection line injection port to the top end of the crack simulation device to avoid the interference of the secondary injection line injection port on the experiment; the main injection mixing system pumps the sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device through the main fluid and proppant injection portion. By this embodiment, it is advantageous to study the spreading characteristics of a large number of proppants.
The application provides a crack analogue means, experimental apparatus and method of proppant migration orbit and exhibition cloth compares in prior art, has following beneficial effect.
1. By utilizing the fracture simulation device, the oval fracturing fracture form and the proppant migration track and distribution rule at the tip of the fracture can be simulated.
2. By using the fracture simulation device, fluid flow can be generated in the height direction of the fracture, and the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration trajectory and the distribution of the propping agent can be analyzed.
3. By using the fracture simulation device, the migration track of a small amount of single-particle propping agent in the fracture can be evaluated.
4. By using the fracture simulation device, the spreading characteristics of a large amount of proppants in the fracture can be researched.
The features mentioned above can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent features as long as the object of the invention is achieved.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a laboratory instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracture body of a fracture simulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows an analytical schematic of proppant transport trajectories according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic proppant spread according to an embodiment of the invention.
List of reference numerals:
1-water source; 2-main injection into the liquid mixing tank; 3-main proppant adding device; 4-a control system; 5-secondary injection liquid mixing tank; 6-main injection pump; 7-a secondary injection pump; 8-main injection line ball valve; 9-main injection pressure gauge; 10-a main injection flow meter; 11-main liquid and proppant injection; 12-a secondary injection line ball valve; 13-secondary injection pressure gauge; 14-a secondary injection flow meter; 15-secondary proppant addition means; 16-secondary liquid and proppant injection; 17-an outlet flow meter; 18-outlet control valve; 19-outlet aperture; 20-a crack simulator; 21-secondary injection line injection port; 22-an outlet line collection tank; 23-connecting lines; 24-control wires; 25-fixing the plate; 26-fracture space; 27-a transparent viewing plate; 28-cushion block; 29-mounting holes; 30-fixing the eyelet; 33-scale mark; 35-a proppant; 36-proppant transport path decomposition.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a crack simulation apparatus 20, the crack simulation apparatus 20 including: the crack main body is in a semi-elliptical shape and comprises a fixing plate 25 and a transparent observation plate 27, the fixing plate 25 and the transparent observation plate 27 enclose to form a crack space 26, and an opening of the crack space 26 is located at the axis of the crack main body; outlet holes 19 are uniformly distributed along the arc-shaped periphery of the crack main body; a primary liquid and proppant injection section 11 in communication with the opening of the fracture space 26 of the fracture body; and a secondary liquid and proppant injection part 16 including a secondary injection line movably disposed within the main liquid and proppant injection part 11 to adjust a height of the secondary injection line injection port 21.
The semi-elliptical fracture main body successfully simulates the elliptical fracturing fracture form in the actual fracturing process, and compared with the cuboid fracture simulation device 20 fracture main body in the prior art, due to the fact that the difference between the elliptical fracturing fracture form and the elliptical fracturing fracture form in the actual fracturing process is small, the elliptical fracturing fracture form and the migration trajectory and the distribution rule of the propping agent 35 at the tip of the fracture can be well simulated.
The semi-elliptical fracture body is used for simulating a plane single wing fracture.
Preferably, the axial edge of the fracture body is the minor axis of the ellipse. The height of the slit, i.e. the length of the minor axis, is 300.0 to 600.0 mm. The length of the single-winged slot of the fracture body, i.e., the length of the semi-major axis, is 1000.0 to 1500.0 millimeters. The major axis ratio of the fracture body of the fracture simulation device 20 can be adjusted and processed as required, and the fracture simulation device is used for simulating the fracture forms in different fracturing construction stages.
The fixing plate 25 is an opaque semi-elliptical plate-shaped structure. The transparent observation plate 27 is a transparent semi-elliptical plate-shaped structure, and the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the proppant 35 can be observed through the transparent observation plate. The fixed plate 25 is identical to the transparent observation plate 27 in shape and size. The fixed plate 25 and the transparent viewing plate 27 enclose a fracture space 26 to provide a flow space for the proppant 35.
Preferably, the depth of the fracture space 26 is 5 to 15 millimeters; the fixed plate 25 and the transparent observation plate 27 each have a thickness of 20.0 mm.
Outlet holes 19 are uniformly distributed on the arc-shaped periphery of the crack body, the outlet holes 19 are symmetrically arranged relative to the semi-long axis, and the total number of the outlet holes 19 is 20-30. Preferably, the outlet eye 19 has an inner diameter of 4.0 mm, and a connecting line 23 having an inner diameter of 4.0 mm is welded to the outlet eye 19, the connecting line 23 being made of a steel material.
The sand carrier fluid refers to a mixture of proppant 35 and fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid includes water and an additive. The primary fluid and proppant injection section 11 is the primary inlet for the sand-carrying fluid or fracturing fluid and the secondary fluid and proppant injection section 16 is the secondary inlet for the sand-carrying fluid. The sand-carrying fluid enters the fracture space 26 of the fracture main body through the main fluid and proppant injection part 11 or the secondary fluid and proppant injection part 16, so that the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the proppant 35 are observed through the transparent observation plate, and the influence of parameters of the fracturing fluid, parameters of the proppant 35, injection parameters and the like on the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the proppant 35 is researched.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the inlet of the main liquid and proppant injection part 11 is 50 mm. The cross section of the main liquid and proppant injection part 11 gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet, and the main liquid and proppant injection part 11 and the fracture body are connected through a flange.
The secondary injection line comprises two lines perpendicular to each other and joined to each other. Preferably, the secondary injection line has an inner diameter of 5 mm and an outer diameter of 6 mm. The outlet of the secondary injection line, i.e. the secondary injection line injection port 21, is parallel to the semi-major axis of the fracture body, i.e. perpendicular to the opening of the fracture space 26.
By adjusting the height of the secondary injection line injection port 21, the effect of different injection locations on the trajectory of proppant 35 migration can be simulated.
The main liquid and proppant injection part 11 and the secondary liquid and proppant injection part 16 form a bipolar injection mechanism, so that the research on the influence of different fracturing fluid parameters and proppant 35 parameters on the migration trajectory and the spreading characteristics of the proppant 35 becomes possible; the main liquid and proppant injection part 11 is mainly used for injecting large-flow fracturing fluid or sand-carrying fluid; the secondary fluid and proppant injection part 16 is mainly used for injecting small-flow and high-flow-rate sand-carrying fluid, and can be used for evaluating the migration trajectory of a small amount of single-particle proppant 35 in the fracture.
The carrier fluid flows from the primary fluid and proppant injection site 11 and the secondary fluid and proppant injection site 16 into the fracture body and out of the fracture body exit apertures 19.
The fracture simulation apparatus 20 of the present embodiment can simulate the elliptical fracture form and the migration trajectory and the distribution rule of the proppant 35 at the tip of the fracture. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device 20 has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and can analyze the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the proppant 35. The fracture simulator 20 is also capable of evaluating the migration trajectory of small amounts of even single particle proppants 35 in the fracture.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the transparent viewing plate 27 is fixed to the fixing plate 25 by a spacer 28, the spacer 28 being disposed along the arc-shaped periphery of the fracture body; the outlet aperture 19 is located on the spacer 28.
The cushion block 28 is arranged along the arc periphery of the crack main body, and the cross section of the cushion block 28 is L-shaped, namely, comprises two parts which are vertical to each other and are connected with each other. The outlet aperture 19 is located on the spacer 28.
The bottom surface of the spacer 28 is bonded to the fixed plate 25, and the step surface of the spacer 28 is bonded to the transparent observation plate 27. The main function of the spacer 28 is to connect the fixing plate 25 and the transparent observation plate 27 and enclose them to form a crack space 26.
The spacer 28 of the present embodiment is advantageous for connecting the fixing plate 25 and the transparent observation plate 27 to form the crack space 26.
In one embodiment, a sealant layer is formed between the pad 28 and the fixing plate 25, and the sealant layer is made of resin adhesive; a sealant layer is formed between the spacer 28 and the transparent observation plate 27, and the sealant layer is made of resin adhesive.
The function of the sealant layer is to avoid leakage of liquid, so that the crack simulation device 20 has good sealing performance, and smooth experiment is facilitated.
The sealant layer of the embodiment can make the crack simulation device 20 have good sealing performance, and is beneficial to smooth experiment.
In one embodiment, a rubber gasket is mounted between block 28 and transparent viewing plate 27 to support transparent viewing plate 27.
The rubber gasket of the embodiment can further improve the sealing performance of the crack simulation device 20, and is beneficial to smooth experiment.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, mounting holes 29 are uniformly distributed on the spacer block 28, and screws can penetrate through the mounting holes 29 and the fixing plate 25 so as to fix the spacer block 28 on the fixing plate 25.
In the present embodiment, the use of the screw and the mounting hole 29 can improve the mechanical strength of the connection between the spacer 28 and the fixing plate 25, and prevent the spacer 28 and the fixing plate 25 from being separated from each other.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, fixing holes 30 are uniformly distributed along the arc-shaped periphery of the transparent observation plate 27, and screws can penetrate through the fixing holes 30 to fix the transparent observation plate 27 on the cushion block 28.
In the present embodiment, the use of the screws and the fixing holes 30 can improve the mechanical strength of the connection between the spacer 28 and the transparent observation plate 27, and prevent the spacer 28 and the transparent observation plate 27 from being separated from each other.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, transparent viewing plate 27 is marked with scale markings 33.
Preferably, the scale markings 33 are arranged in a grid pattern with a spacing of 25 mm between the transverse grid lines and 25 mm between the longitudinal grid lines. The scale marks 33 divide the transparent observation plate 27 into a plurality of grids, so that the observation of the migration track of the proppant 35 and the estimation of the spreading scale in the experimental process can be facilitated, and the observation of the migration path of the proppant and the data analysis in the later period are facilitated.
The scale marks 33 of the embodiment are beneficial to observation of the migration track of the proppant 35 and estimation of the spreading scale, so that the migration path and later-stage data analysis are beneficial to observation.
In one embodiment, the fixed plate 25 is made of a steel material and the transparent viewing plate 27 is made of high strength plexiglas.
The steel material is firm, cheap, easy to obtain, help to reduce the cost of the dead plate 25 and improve its mechanical strength. The organic glass is transparent, firm, high in strength, low in price and easy to obtain, and is beneficial to reducing the cost of the transparent observation plate 27 and facilitating the smooth experiment observation.
This embodiment is advantageous in reducing the cost of the fixing plate 25 and improving the mechanical strength thereof, and is also advantageous in reducing the cost of the transparent observation plate 27 and in facilitating the smooth performance of the experimental observation.
The present embodiment also provides a experimental apparatus for the migration trajectory and distribution of the proppant 35, as shown in fig. 1, which includes the above-mentioned fracture simulation apparatus 20.
The experimental apparatus of the embodiment comprises the fracture simulation device 20, and can simulate oval fracturing fractures and the migration track and the spreading rule of the propping agent 35 at the tip of the fracture. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device 20 has fluid flow in the fracture height direction, and can analyze the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the proppant 35. The fracture simulator 20 is also capable of evaluating the migration trajectory of small amounts of even single particle proppants 35 in the fracture.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the laboratory instrument further comprises: the water source 1 is used for supplying water required by an experiment to an experimental instrument; a main injection mixing system for supplying a sand-carrying fluid to the main fluid and proppant injection portion 11 of the fracture simulation apparatus 20; a secondary injection mixing system for providing a sand-carrying fluid to the secondary fluid and proppant injection portion 16 of the fracture simulator 20; an outlet pipeline collecting tank 22 for collecting the sand-carrying liquid, which is communicated with the outlet hole 19 through a pipeline, wherein the outlet pipeline collecting tank 22 is communicated with the main injection mixing liquid tank 2 of the main injection mixing system through a pipeline; and a control system 4 for controlling the operation of the laboratory instrument and recording the operation data.
The water source 1 is used for providing water required by an experiment for an experimental instrument, a faucet or a control valve is installed on the water source 1, and the water source 1 can supply water in real time.
The main injection mixing system is used for providing a sand carrying fluid to the main fluid and proppant injection part 11 of the fracture simulation device 20, wherein the sand carrying fluid comprises uniformly mixed proppant 35, water, additives and the like.
The secondary injection mixing system is used to provide a sand-carrying fluid, including proppant 35, water, additives, etc., to the secondary fluid and proppant injection portion 16 of the fracture simulator 20.
The sand-carrying fluid flowing through the fracture simulator 20 flows through the connecting line 23 into the outlet line collection tank 22 and flows back from the outlet line collection tank 22 to the main injection mixing tank 2 of the main injection mixing system.
The control system 4 realizes automatic control and real-time monitoring of the experimental instrument, ensures accurate regulation and control and real-time monitoring of parameters of the fracturing fluid, parameters of the propping agent 35 and injection parameters, controls the flow entering the fracture simulation device 20, monitors readings of various flow meters and pressure gauges in real time, records related parameters, and ensures that an analysis experiment is carried out efficiently and accurately.
The experimental instrument of the embodiment can simulate the oval fracturing cracks and the migration track and the spreading rule of the propping agent 35 at the tip of the cracks. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device 20 has fluid flow in the height direction of the fracture, and can analyze the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the proppant 35. The fracture simulator 20 is also capable of evaluating the migration trajectory of small amounts or even single particle proppants 35 in the fracture.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the main injection mixing system comprises: the main injection liquid mixing tank 2 is connected with the water source 1 and can be used for preparing fracturing fluid and sand carrying fluid; a main proppant adding device 3 connected to the main injection and mixing tank 2 for feeding a proppant 35 to the main injection and mixing tank 2; and a main injection pump 6 connected to the main injection liquid-mixing tank 2 for controlling the flow rate of the sand-carrying liquid entering the main liquid and proppant injection portion 11, the main injection pump 6 being in communication with the main liquid and proppant injection portion 11 of the fracture simulation apparatus 20 through a pipeline.
The main injection mixing tank 2 is used for preparing a sand carrying liquid, is communicated with the water source 1 and the main propping agent adding device 3, and can stir the mixture to form the sand carrying liquid.
This embodiment is advantageous for supplying the sand-carrying fluid to the main fluid and proppant injection portion 11 of the fracture simulation apparatus 20.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a main injection line ball valve 8, a main injection flow meter 10, and a main injection pressure gauge 9 are provided in a line between a main liquid and a proppant injection section 11 that connects a main injection pump 6 and a fracture simulation device 20.
A main injection line ball valve 8, a main injection flow meter 10, and a main injection pressure gauge 9 are provided on a line connecting the main injection pump 6 and the main liquid and proppant injection part 11 of the fracture simulator 20.
By turning the main injection line ball valve 8 on or off, it can be controlled whether the sand-carrying fluid dispensed by the main injection mixing system can flow into the fracture simulator 20.
The main injection flowmeter 10 and the main injection pressure gauge 9 are respectively used for measuring the flow and the pressure of the sand-carrying fluid entering the fracture simulation device 20 from the main injection mixing system, so that the control system 4 can conveniently regulate and control the experimental instrument in real time.
The main injection pipeline ball valve 8 of the embodiment can control whether the sand-carrying liquid prepared by the main injection mixing system can flow into the fracture simulation device 20, and the main injection flow meter 10 and the main injection pressure gauge 9 are respectively used for measuring the flow and the pressure of the sand-carrying liquid entering the fracture simulation device 20 from the main injection mixing system, so that the control system 4 can conveniently regulate and control experimental instruments in real time.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a secondary injection mixing system comprises: the secondary injection liquid mixing tank 5 is connected with the water source 1 and can be used for preparing fracturing fluid; a secondary injection pump 7 connected with the secondary injection liquid mixing tank 5 for controlling the flow rate of the fracturing liquid entering the secondary liquid and proppant injection part 16; and a secondary proppant adding device 15, a first end of which is in communication with the secondary injection pump 7 through a pipeline; a second end of which is in line communication with the secondary injection line of the secondary liquid and proppant injection section 16 for adding proppant 35 to the secondary injection line.
The secondary injection mixed liquid tank 5 is used for preparing fracturing liquid, is communicated with the water source 1, and can stir water and additives to form the fracturing liquid. The secondary proppant addition device 15 adds a small amount, even a single particle, of proppant 35 into the fracturing fluid.
This embodiment facilitates the provision of a sand-carrying fluid to the secondary fluid and proppant injection section 16 of the fracture simulation device 20.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a secondary injection line ball valve 12, a secondary injection flow meter 14 and a secondary injection pressure gauge 13 are provided on the line connecting the secondary injection pump 7 and the secondary proppant addition device 15.
A secondary injection line ball valve 12, a secondary injection flow meter 14 and a secondary injection pressure gauge 13 are provided on the line connecting the secondary injection pump 7 and the secondary proppant adding device 15.
The opening or closing of the secondary injection line ball valve 12 controls whether the sand-laden fluid dispensed by the secondary injection blending system can flow into the fracture simulator 20.
The secondary injection flow meter 14 and the secondary injection pressure gauge 13 are respectively used for measuring the flow rate and the pressure of the fracturing fluid entering the fracture simulator 20 from the secondary injection pump 7, so as to facilitate the real-time regulation and control of the experimental instrument by the control system 4.
The secondary injection line ball valve 12 of the present embodiment can control whether the sand-carrying fluid prepared by the secondary injection mixing system can flow into the fracture simulation device 20, and the secondary injection flow meter 14 and the secondary injection pressure gauge 13 are respectively used for measuring the flow rate and pressure of the sand-carrying fluid entering the fracture simulation device 20 from the secondary injection pump 7, so as to facilitate the real-time regulation and control of the experimental apparatus by the control system 4.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, an outlet flow meter 17 and an outlet control valve 18 are provided on the line connecting the outlet orifice 19 with the outlet line collection tank 22.
The outlet control valve 18 of the present embodiment is used to control whether the sand-carrying fluid flowing through the outlet hole 19 enters the outlet pipe collecting tank 22, and the outlet flow meter 17 is used to measure the flow rate of the sand-carrying fluid flowing through the outlet hole 19 entering the outlet pipe collecting tank 22, so as to facilitate the real-time regulation and control of the experimental apparatus by the control system 4.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the control system 4 is in communication with the main proppant adding device 3, the main injection mix tank 2, the main injection pump 6, the secondary proppant adding device 15, the secondary injection mix tank 5, the secondary injection pump 7, and the various flow meters and pressure gauges, respectively.
The control system 4 is communicatively connected to the various devices via control wires 24 to control the various devices. The various flow meters and pressure gauges are also in communication with the controller via control wires 24.
This embodiment is advantageous for the control system 4 to control each device and collect experimental data in real time.
The embodiment also provides a method for analyzing the migration track and the distribution of the proppant 35 by using the experimental instrument, which comprises the following steps: setting parameters of the sand carrying liquid and injection parameters; pumping a sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device 20; observing the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the propping agent 35 through a transparent observation plate 27 of the crack simulation device 20 and shooting; changing parameters of the sand carrying liquid and injection parameters, and repeating the steps.
The parameters of the sand-carrying fluid and the injection parameters can be adjusted by adjusting the operating parameters of the water source 1, the main proppant adding device 3, the secondary proppant adding device 15, the main injection mixed fluid tank 2, the secondary injection mixed fluid tank 5, the main injection pump 6 and the secondary injection pump 7, wherein the parameters of the sand-carrying fluid comprise parameters of the fracturing fluid and parameters of the proppant 35.
Pumping the sand carrying fluid to the fracture simulator 20, observing the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the proppant 35 through the transparent observation plate 27 of the fracture simulator 20, and shooting to obtain the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the proppant 35.
The method of the embodiment can simulate the oval fracturing fractures and the migration tracks and the spreading rules of the propping agents 35 at the tips of the fractures. Meanwhile, the fracture simulation device 20 has fluid flow in the fracture height direction, and can analyze the influence of the fluid flow in the height direction on the migration track and the distribution of the proppant 35. The fracture simulator 20 is also capable of evaluating the migration trajectory of small amounts of even single particle proppants 35 in the fracture.
In one embodiment, pumping the sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device 20 while analyzing the proppant 35 migration trajectory includes the steps of: adjusting the height of the secondary injection line injection port 21 to a target height; the main injection mixing system conveys fracturing fluid to the fracture simulator 20 through the main fluid and proppant injection part 11; the secondary injection mixing system pumps the sand-laden fluid through the secondary fluid and proppant injection section 16 to the fracture simulator 20.
The present embodiment is advantageous for studying the migration trajectory of small amounts of even single particle proppants 35 in the fracture.
In one embodiment, pumping a sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device 20 while analyzing the proppant 35 spread characteristics includes the steps of: adjusting the height of the secondary injection line injection port 21 to the top of the fracture simulator 20 to avoid interference with the experimental results; the primary injection mixing system pumps the sand-carrying fluid through the primary fluid and proppant injection portion 11 to the fracture simulator 20.
This embodiment is useful for studying the spreading characteristics of a large number of proppants 35.
Example one
First, the crack simulator 20 is assembled.
The spacer 28 is mounted to the fixing plate 25, mainly by means of screws with a diameter of 6.0 mm through mounting holes 29. Before the cushion block 28 is installed, a layer of resin glue is coated on the upper portion and the lower portion of the cushion block 28 to achieve a sealing effect. A rubber gasket is placed on the pad 28 and then a transparent viewing plate 27 of the crack body is mounted. The fracture body and primary liquid and proppant injection site 11 are flanged while the secondary liquid and proppant injection site 16 is installed within the primary liquid and proppant injection site 11.
Next, the main injection pump 6 is connected to the main liquid and proppant injection portion 11 through the connection line 23. A main injection line ball valve 8, a main injection flow meter 10, and a main injection pressure gauge 9 are provided on a main injection pump 6 and a connection line 23 of the main liquid and proppant injection section 11.
The secondary injection pump 7 is then connected to the secondary liquid and proppant injection section 16 by a connecting line 23. A secondary injection line ball valve 12, a secondary injection flow meter 14, a secondary injection pressure gauge 13, and a secondary proppant adding device 15 are provided on the secondary injection pump 7 and the connection line 23 of the secondary liquid and proppant injection section 16.
Then, the main proppant adding device 3, the main injection and mixing tank 2 and the secondary injection and mixing tank 5 are installed, and each connecting pipeline 23 is installed, wherein the connecting pipelines 23 comprise the main injection and mixing tank 2, the connecting pipeline 23 between the secondary injection and mixing tank 5 and the water source 1, the connecting pipeline 23 between the main proppant adding device 3 and the main injection and mixing tank 2, the connecting pipeline 23 between the main injection and mixing tank 2 and the main injection pump 6, and the connecting pipeline 23 between the secondary injection and mixing tank 5 and the secondary injection pump 7.
Next, a connection line 23 between the outlet line collection tank 22 and the crack simulation device 20 is installed, and an outlet flow meter 17 and an outlet control valve 18 are installed on the connection line 23 between each of the connection outlet line collection tanks 22 and the crack simulation device 20.
Then, a connecting line 23 between the outlet line catch tank 22 and the main injection mixture tank 2 is installed.
Finally, the control system 4 is installed. The main proppant adding device 3, the main injection and mixing tank 2, the main injection pump 6, the secondary proppant adding device 15, the secondary injection and mixing tank 5, the secondary injection pump 7, and the respective flow meters and pressure meters are connected by control wires 24.
And after the experimental instrument is assembled, performing experimental test.
Experimental preparation work is required before experimental testing. The experiment preparation work includes injection of experiment water, preparation of proppant 35, preparation of experiment fluid, and the like. First, the water source 1 is turned on, and clean water is added to the main injection mixture tank 2 and the secondary injection mixture tank 5.
And (3) opening stirring motors of the main injection mixed liquid tank 2 and the secondary injection mixed liquid tank 5, dissolving and adding the additives required by the experiment into the mixed liquid tank, and stirring for 20 minutes by using the stirring motors. After the experimental fluid is configured, the main injection line ball valve 8 and the secondary injection line ball valve 12 are opened, then the outlet control valve 18 between the outlet hole 19 of the crack simulator 20 and the outlet line collecting tank 22 is opened, then the main injection pump 6 and the secondary injection pump 7 are opened, the experimental fluid is injected into the crack simulator 20, the circulation of the fluid is realized, and the tightness of the instrument is detected.
And after the sealing performance is qualified, performing an experimental test, and pumping the sand-carrying liquid to the crack simulation device 20 through an injection pump. During the experiment, the migration and accumulation of the proppant 35 were photographed with a high-speed camera from the side of the transparent observation plate 27, and the migration path of the proppant 35 in the fracture device was recorded.
After the experiment is completed, the experimental instrument is cleaned. Specifically, first, the main injection pump 6 and the secondary injection pump 7 are turned off, the fluid circulation of the experimental instrument is turned off, and then the main injection line ball valve 8 and the secondary injection line ball valve 12 are turned off in sequence; cleaning the crack simulator 20, the main injection liquid-mixing tank 2, the secondary injection liquid-mixing tank 5, the outlet line collecting tank 22, and cleaning the connecting line 23.
Finally, data analysis is performed.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the present embodiment is mainly used for studying the migration trajectory of a small amount of, even a single particle of, proppant 35. First, a small amount of proppant 35 is placed in secondary proppant addition device 15. The flow rates of the primary 6 and secondary 7 infusion pumps and the flow rates at the respective outlet orifices 19 are regulated by the control system 4. And after the flow is stable, opening the high-speed camera for shooting.
Next, the secondary proppant adding device 15 is opened, the proppant 35 is mixed into the fracturing fluid, the sand-carrying fluid enters the fracture simulation device 20, and the migration path of the proppant 35 is photographed by a high-speed camera.
When experimental data are analyzed, as shown in fig. 3, the grid lines formed by the scale marks 33 are used in combination with the migration path of the proppant 35 shot by the high-speed camera to perform horizontal and vertical migration velocity analysis on the proppant 35, and migration traces of the proppant 35 in the fracture under different fluid injection velocity and outlet velocity conditions are analyzed, wherein fig. 3 shows a proppant migration path decomposition 36.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the first embodiment, the present embodiment is mainly used for the spreading characteristics of a large number of proppants 35. First, a large amount of proppant 35 was added to the main proppant adding apparatus 3, the flow rate at each outlet hole 19 was adjusted, and after the flow rate at each outlet hole 19 was stabilized, the injection of fluid was continued for 5 minutes. The adding speed of the proppant 35 is set through the control system 4, the proppant 35 is added into the main injection liquid-mixing tank 2, after the adding amount of the proppant 35 reaches the preset amount, the main proppant adding device 3 is closed through the control system 4, and the addition of the proppant 35 is stopped.
And the propping agent 35 enters the mixed liquid tank, is uniformly stirred and then enters the crack simulation device 20 through the main injection pump 6, and the propping agent 35 migrates and settles in the cracks and accumulates to form sand dunes.
When experimental data are analyzed, the sand-carrying liquid enters the fracture body from the main liquid and the proppant injection part 11, the migration, collision and sedimentation characteristics of the proppant 35 in the fracture are analyzed by shooting with a high-speed camera, as shown in fig. 4, the migration and sedimentation rules of the proppant 35 are analyzed, the sedimentation change rule of the proppant 35 is observed, the spreading size of the proppant 35 in the fracture is measured after the experiment is completed, the accumulation volume of the proppant 35 is estimated according to the grid lines formed by the scale marks 33, and the influence of fluid parameters, proppant 35 parameters, injection parameters and the like on the spreading of the proppant 35 is evaluated.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (19)
1. A fracture simulation apparatus, comprising:
the crack main body is in a semi-elliptical shape and comprises a fixing plate and a transparent observation plate, a crack space is formed by the fixing plate and the transparent observation plate in a surrounding mode, and an opening of the crack space is located at the axis of the crack main body; outlet holes are uniformly distributed along the arc-shaped periphery of the crack main body;
a primary liquid and proppant injection portion in communication with an opening of the fracture volume of the fracture body; and the number of the first and second groups,
a secondary liquid and proppant injection section comprising a secondary injection line movably disposed within the primary liquid and proppant injection section to adjust a height of a secondary injection line injection port.
2. The fracture simulation device of claim 1, wherein the transparent observation plate is fixed to the fixing plate by a spacer block, and the spacer block is arranged along an arc-shaped periphery of the fracture main body; the outlet aperture is located on the spacer.
3. The crack simulator of claim 2, wherein a sealant layer is formed between the pad and the fixing plate, the sealant layer being made of resin glue; and a sealing adhesive layer is formed between the cushion block and the transparent observation plate and is composed of resin adhesive.
4. The fracture simulation device of claim 2, wherein a rubber gasket is mounted between the spacer and the transparent viewing plate for supporting the transparent viewing plate.
5. The crack simulator of claim 2, wherein the spacers have mounting holes uniformly distributed therein, and screws can be inserted through the mounting holes and the fixing plate to fix the spacers to the fixing plate.
6. The crack simulator of claim 2, wherein fixing holes are evenly distributed along the arc-shaped periphery of the transparent observation plate, and screws can penetrate through the fixing holes to fix the transparent observation plate on the cushion block.
7. The fracture simulation device of claim 1, wherein the transparent viewing plate is marked with scale marks.
8. Crack simulator as claimed in any of the claims 1-7, characterized in that the fixing plate is made of a steel material and the transparent viewing plate is made of high-strength plexiglas.
9. A proppant transport trajectory and spread experimental apparatus comprising a fracture simulation device according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. The laboratory instrument of claim 9, further comprising:
the water source is used for providing water required by the experiment for the experimental instrument;
a main injection mixing system for providing a sand-carrying fluid to a main fluid and proppant injection portion of the fracture simulation device;
a secondary injection mixing system for providing a sand-carrying fluid to a secondary fluid and proppant injection portion of the fracture simulator;
the outlet pipeline collecting tank is used for collecting the sand-carrying liquid and is communicated with the outlet hole through a pipeline, and the outlet pipeline collecting tank is communicated with a main injection mixing liquid tank of the main injection mixing system through a pipeline; and (c) a second step of,
and the control system is used for controlling the operation of the experimental instrument and recording operation data.
11. The laboratory instrument of claim 10, wherein said main injection mixing system comprises:
the main injection liquid mixing tank is connected with the water source and can be used for preparing fracturing fluid and sand carrying fluid;
the main proppant adding device is connected with the main injection liquid mixing tank and is used for conveying proppant to the main injection liquid mixing tank; and the number of the first and second groups,
and the main injection pump is connected with the main injection mixed liquid tank and is used for controlling the flow of the sand-carrying liquid entering the main liquid and proppant injection part, and the main injection pump is communicated with the main liquid and proppant injection part of the fracture simulation device through a pipeline.
12. The laboratory instrument of claim 11 wherein a main injection line ball valve, a main injection flow meter and a main injection pressure gauge are disposed on a line connecting the main injection pump and the main liquid and proppant injection portion of the fracture simulator.
13. The laboratory instrument of claim 10, wherein said secondary injection mixing system comprises:
the secondary injection liquid mixing tank is connected with the water source and can be used for configuring fracturing fluid;
the secondary injection pump is connected with the secondary injection liquid mixing tank and is used for controlling the flow of the fracturing liquid entering the secondary liquid and proppant injection part; and the number of the first and second groups,
a secondary proppant adding device, wherein the first end of the secondary proppant adding device is communicated with the secondary injection pump through a pipeline; a second end of which is in line communication with a secondary injection line of a secondary liquid and proppant injection section for adding proppant to the secondary injection line.
14. The laboratory instrument of claim 13 wherein a secondary injection line ball valve, a secondary injection flow meter and a secondary injection pressure gauge are disposed on the line connecting the secondary injection pump and the secondary proppant adding device.
15. The laboratory instrument of claim 10, wherein the line connecting the outlet orifice to the outlet line collection tank is provided with an outlet flow meter and an outlet control valve.
16. The laboratory instrument of claim 10 wherein said control system is in communication with a primary proppant adding device, a primary injection mix tank, a primary injection pump, a secondary proppant adding device, a secondary injection mix tank, a secondary injection pump, and respective flow meters and pressure gauges, respectively.
17. A method for analyzing proppant transport trajectories and distributions using the laboratory instrument of any one of claims 9-16, comprising the steps of:
setting parameters of the sand carrying liquid and injection parameters;
pumping a sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device;
observing the migration track and the spreading characteristics of the propping agent through a transparent observation plate of the crack simulation device and shooting;
changing parameters of the sand carrying liquid and injection parameters, and repeating the steps.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein pumping a sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device while simulating a proppant migration trajectory comprises the steps of:
adjusting the height of the secondary injection line injection port to a target height;
the main injection mixing system conveys fracturing fluid to the fracture simulation device through a main fluid and proppant injection part;
the secondary injection mixing system pumps the sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device through a secondary fluid and proppant injection portion.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein pumping a sand-carrying fluid to a fracture simulation device while simulating the proppant spread characteristics comprises the steps of:
adjusting the height of a secondary injection pipeline injection port to the top end of the crack simulation device so as to avoid interference of the secondary injection pipeline injection port on the experiment;
the main injection mixing system pumps the sand-carrying fluid to the fracture simulation device through the main fluid and proppant injection part.
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| CN117328848A (en) * | 2023-10-15 | 2024-01-02 | 东北石油大学 | Adjustable multifunctional propping agent migration experimental device |
| CN117328848B (en) * | 2023-10-15 | 2024-03-15 | 东北石油大学 | Adjustable multifunctional propping agent migration experimental device |
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