CN115109973A - High-strength light aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength light aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115109973A CN115109973A CN202210764878.7A CN202210764878A CN115109973A CN 115109973 A CN115109973 A CN 115109973A CN 202210764878 A CN202210764878 A CN 202210764878A CN 115109973 A CN115109973 A CN 115109973A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy, and discloses a high-strength light aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in parts by weight: al98.5-98.6%; si 0.44-0.46%; 0.17 to 0.18 percent of Fe; cu 0.01-0.17%; mn 0.012-0.02%; mg 0.65-0.66%; 0.005-0.006% of Cr; zn 0.046-0.051%; ti 0.023-0.026%; ni 0.01-0.019%; 0.005-0.02% of Sn; v0.022-0.025%; the balance of impurities cannot be removed. The aluminum alloy is 6063 aluminum alloy, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy reaches 255MPa, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy reaches 11%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a high-strength light aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
CN202110885163.2 discloses an Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8 to 1.3 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.45 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.2 percent of Cu, 0.65 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0 to 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.45 percent of Fe, less than 0.05 percent of other inevitable impurity elements and less than 0.15 percent of the total amount, and the balance of Al. The processing steps of the aluminum alloy extruded material comprise: homogenizing cast ingots, hot extrusion, solid solution treatment and artificial aging treatment. The tensile strength of the extruded material reaches more than 430MPa, and the elongation reaches more than 13%.
Although the alloy meets the requirements of high strength and high ductility, the Mg-Si-Cu-Mn dosage is very large, and the alloy is not suitable for 6063 aluminum alloy.
Relevant indices for 6063 aluminium alloy are as follows: mechanical properties:
tensile strength σ b (mpa): not less than 205
Elongation stress σ p0.2 (MPa): not less than 170
Elongation δ 5 (%): not less than 7
Note: longitudinal mechanical property of bar at room temperature
Sample size: the diameter is less than or equal to 12.5.
CN200510017498.3 discloses a 6063 aluminum alloy made of fine-grain aluminum ingots, which consists of Al, Si, Mg, RE and B elements, wherein the mass fraction of Si is 0.20-0.6%, Mg is 0.45-0.9%, RE is less than or equal to 0.35%, and B is less than or equal to 0.01%. The method for preparing the 6063 aluminum alloy is characterized in that a mixture of aluminum oxide and titanium oxide is added into an aluminum electrolytic cell to produce a fine-grain aluminum ingot with the titanium mass fraction of 0.01-0.20%, and alloy elements are added into a fine-grain aluminum ingot melt directly discharged from the electrolytic cell or a fine-grain aluminum ingot melt formed by melting the fine-grain aluminum ingot to be smelted into the 6063 aluminum alloy. The tensile strength is about 225 MPa;
CN201910338552.6 discloses a lanthanum-containing 6063 aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The lanthanum-containing 6063 aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45-0.54% of Si, 0.52-0.56% of Mg0.35% or less of Fe, 0.05% or less of Cu, 0.07% or less of Mn, 0.05% or less of Zn, 0.01-0.05% of Ti0.005-0.02% of La0.001-0.006% of C and the balance of Al. Specific and small content ranges of elements such as Mg, Si and the like are determined, and the high strength of the lanthanum-containing 6063 aluminum alloy is improved through the joint precipitation of carbide and intermetallic compounds. The results of the embodiment show that the lanthanum-containing 6063 aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the tensile strength of 177MPa and the elongation of 23.8% at room temperature.
It is found that it is difficult to obtain a high strength of 6063 aluminum alloy.
The technical problem solved by the scheme is as follows: how to improve the tensile strength of 6063 aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength light aluminum alloy, which is 6063 aluminum alloy, and has the tensile strength of 255MPa and the elongation of 11 percent.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for preparing the aluminum alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-strength light aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Al 98.5-98.6％；
Si 0.44-0.46％；
Fe 0.17-0.18％；
Cu 0.01-0.17％；
Mn 0.012-0.02％；
Mg 0.65-0.66％；
Cr 0.005-0.006％；
Zn 0.046-0.051％；
Ti 0.023-0.026％；
Ni 0.01-0.019％；
Sn 0.005-0.02％；
V 0.022-0.025％；
the balance of impurities cannot be removed.
The high-strength light aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Al 98.51-98.56％；
Si 0.442-0.458％；
Fe 0.172-0.177％；
Cu 0.0157-0.163％；
Mn 0.0125-0.0201％；
Mg 0.654-0.660％；
Cr 0.005-0.006％；
Zn 0.0495-0.0502％；
Ti 0.0239-0.0250％；
Ni 0.0111-0.0186％；
Sn 0.005-0.019％；
V 0.0225-0.0248％；
the balance of impurities cannot be removed.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-strength light aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing an aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy according to a formula, wherein the intermediate alloy is silicon, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, magnesium, iron, nickel and tin;
and 2, step: charging and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 725-750 ℃, the total smelting time of each furnace is not more than 12 hours, the liquid metal retention time is not more than 5 hours, and the refined aluminum liquid standing time is not more than 3 hours;
and step 3: adding magnesium after slagging off, and stirring after adding magnesium for 10 minutes;
and 4, step 4: refining, adding a refining agent, controlling the refining temperature at 730-745 ℃, and refining for 30 minutes;
and 5: adding an aluminum-titanium-boron refiner, adding a titanium-boron refiner with the content of 30% and an aluminum-titanium-boron block of 5TiB, and adding 0.7-1Kg of titanium-boron refiner and 2.5-3.0Kg of aluminum-titanium-boron block of 5TiB into each ton of aluminum water;
and 6: refining after the furnace, wherein the refining temperature after the furnace is controlled at 725 ℃ and 740 ℃, and the refining time is 30 minutes;
and 7: standing for 25-30 min, adjusting the aluminum transition temperature at 700 ℃ and 730 ℃, and preparing for casting to obtain the aluminum rod.
In the preparation method of the high-strength light aluminum alloy, in the step 4 and the step 6, the nitrogen pressure cannot exceed 0.18MPa, the nitrogen purity is 99.99, and the height of the excited waves is not more than 10 cm in the refining process.
In the above method for preparing a high-strength light aluminum alloy, in step 1, besides adding an aluminum ingot, a proper amount of other aluminum alloy waste materials in a factory are also added.
In the above method for preparing the high-strength light aluminum alloy, the amount of the aluminum alloy waste is less than half of the amount of the aluminum ingot.
In the preparation method of the high-strength light aluminum alloy, 1.5-2.0 kg/ton of aluminum water of the slag removing agent is added in advance in the slag removing operation.
In the above method for producing a high-strength light aluminum alloy, the amount of the refining agent is 5.0 to 5.5 kg/ton of molten aluminum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum alloy is 6063 aluminum alloy, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy reaches 255MPa, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy reaches 11%. The performance of 6063 aluminum alloy is remarkably improved, so that the aluminum alloy is suitable for manufacturing an aluminum alloy carriage and has the advantages of light weight and high strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a performance test report for example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure view of a tip according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of a tip according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an edge microstructure of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an intermediate microstructure view of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples 1 to 3
A preparation method of a high-strength light aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing an aluminum ingot, other aluminum alloy waste materials and an intermediate alloy according to a formula, wherein the intermediate alloy is silicon, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, magnesium, iron, nickel and tin; the consumption of the aluminum ingot and other aluminum alloy waste materials is as follows: 65% of aluminum ingot; oxidizing and spraying waste materials by 5 percent; the factory circularly melts and casts and extrudes 30 percent of waste materials;
step 2: charging and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 725-750 ℃, the total smelting time of each furnace is not more than 12 hours, the liquid metal retention time is not more than 5 hours, and the refined aluminum liquid standing time is not more than 3 hours;
and step 3: adding magnesium after slagging off, and stirring after adding magnesium for 10 minutes; adding a slag remover of 1.5-2.0 kg/ton of aluminum water before slagging off; the slag removing agent can be selected from common slag removing agents in the field, and the effect is not substantially different;
and 4, step 4: refining, wherein a refining agent is added, the dosage of the refining agent is 5.0-5.5 kg/ton of molten aluminum, the refining temperature is controlled at 730-745 ℃, and the refining time is 30 minutes; the nitrogen pressure can not exceed 0.18MPa in the refining process, the nitrogen purity is 99.99, and the height of the kicking waves is not more than 10 cm; the refining agent is selected from the refining agents commonly used in the field, such as HNJK-J103 sodium-free environment-friendly refining agent.
And 5: adding an aluminum-titanium-boron refiner, adding a titanium-boron refiner with the content of 30% and an aluminum-titanium-boron block of 5TiB, and adding 0.7-1Kg of titanium-boron refiner and 2.5-3.0Kg of aluminum-titanium-boron block of 5TiB into each ton of aluminum water;
step 6: refining after the furnace, wherein the refining temperature after the furnace is controlled at 725 ℃ and 740 ℃, and the refining time is 30 minutes; the nitrogen pressure can not exceed 0.18MPa in the refining process, the nitrogen purity is 99.99, and the height of the kicking waves is not more than 10 cm;
and 7: standing for 25-30 min, adjusting the aluminum transition temperature at 700 ℃ and 730 ℃, and preparing for casting to obtain the aluminum rod.
The relevant formulations for examples 1-3 are given in table 1 below:
table 1 formula table
Performance testing
And (3) testing items:
1. performing metallographic test;
2. tensile strength;
3. non-proportional elongation strength;
4. elongation at break.
The relevant test results of example 1 can be seen in FIG. 1, which has a tensile strength of 255MPa, exceeding the national standard by 20%; the non-proportional elongation strength is 227 which exceeds the national standard by 30 percent; the elongation at break is 11 percent, which is nearly 1 time more than the national standard.
As can be seen from fig. 2-5: coarse grains can be seen at the two ends, the depth is about 70-105um, coarse grains are occasionally seen at the middle edge part, and the depth is within 15 um; except coarse crystal parts, the grain size of other parts is 9-10 grades.
With the optimization of the formula, the tensile strength and the elongation can be obviously improved, and the metallographic phase is uniform and stable.
Claims (8)
1. The high-strength light aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
Al 98.5-98.6％；
Si 0.44-0.46％；
Fe 0.17-0.18％；
Cu 0.01-0.17％；
Mn 0.012-0.02％；
Mg 0.65-0.66％；
Cr 0.005-0.006％；
Zn 0.046-0.051％；
Ti 0.023-0.026％；
Ni 0.01-0.019％；
Sn 0.005-0.02％；
V 0.022-0.025％；
the balance of impurities cannot be removed.
2. The high-strength light aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Al 98.51-98.56％；
Si 0.442-0.458％；
Fe 0.172-0.177％；
Cu 0.0157-0.163％；
Mn 0.0125-0.0201％；
Mg 0.654-0.660％；
Cr 0.005-0.006％；
Zn 0.0495-0.0502％；
Ti 0.0239-0.0250％；
Ni 0.0111-0.0186％；
Sn 0.005-0.019％；
V 0.0225-0.0248％
the balance of impurities cannot be removed.
3. A method for producing a high-strength lightweight aluminum alloy as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1: preparing an aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy according to a formula, wherein the intermediate alloy is silicon, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, magnesium, iron, nickel and tin;
step 2: charging and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 725-750 ℃, the total smelting time of each furnace is not more than 12 hours, the liquid metal retention time is not more than 5 hours, and the refined aluminum liquid standing time is not more than 3 hours;
and step 3: adding magnesium after slagging off, and stirring after adding magnesium for 10 minutes;
and 4, step 4: refining, adding a refining agent, controlling the refining temperature at 730-745 ℃, and refining for 30 minutes;
and 5: adding an aluminum-titanium-boron refiner, adding a titanium-boron refiner with the content of 30% and an aluminum-titanium-boron block of 5TiB, and adding 0.7-1Kg of titanium-boron refiner and 2.5-3.0Kg of aluminum-titanium-boron block of 5TiB into each ton of aluminum water;
step 6: refining after the furnace, wherein the refining temperature after the furnace is controlled at 725 ℃ and 740 ℃, and the refining time is 30 minutes;
and 7: standing for 25-30 min, adjusting the aluminum transition temperature at 700 ℃ and 730 ℃, and preparing for casting to obtain the aluminum rod.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength light aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4 and the step 6, the nitrogen pressure cannot exceed 0.18MPa, the nitrogen purity is 99.99, and the height of the excited waves is not more than 10 cm in the refining process.
5. A method for preparing a high-strength light aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein in step 1, in addition to the aluminum ingot, a proper amount of other aluminum alloy scrap in the plant is added.
6. A method for producing a high-strength lightweight aluminum alloy as set forth in claim 5, wherein the amount of the aluminum alloy scrap is less than half of the amount of the aluminum ingot.
7. A method for preparing a high-strength light-weight aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein a slag remover of 1.5-2.0 kg/ton of molten aluminum is added in advance during the slag removing operation.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the amount of the refining agent is 5.0-5.5 kg/ton of molten aluminum.
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