CN115102590A - Millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method and device - Google Patents

Millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method and device Download PDF

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CN115102590A
CN115102590A CN202210703427.2A CN202210703427A CN115102590A CN 115102590 A CN115102590 A CN 115102590A CN 202210703427 A CN202210703427 A CN 202210703427A CN 115102590 A CN115102590 A CN 115102590A
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matrix
millimeter wave
beam space
analog
digital
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CN115102590B (en
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丁婷
朱健东
杨静
江兴盟
陈享成
刘成城
胡德秀
夏凌楠
马骅
卢伟
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Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H04B7/043—Power distribution using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention provides a millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method and a device, the method adopts a probability distribution function after minimum cross entropy updating to optimize an analog pre-coding matrix and a digital pre-coding matrix under preset iteration times, the sum speed of an MIMO beam space system is calculated by using the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, and after the optimized calculation reaches the maximum iteration times, the analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix corresponding to the maximum sum speed are selected to obtain the optimal analog beam forming matrix and digital beam forming matrix for constructing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system, thereby not only reducing the complexity of designing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system, but also improving the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system.

Description

Millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method and device.
Background
Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO systems combining Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) and Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO) are considered as one of the key technologies for realizing thousands of times of increase in future cellular mobile communication capacity due to wider communication bandwidth and higher spectral efficiency.
However, for a large-scale millimeter wave MIMO system with hundreds or thousands of antennas, each antenna uses a dedicated Radio Frequency (RF) chain, and a conventional electromagnetic antenna array is used for beamforming, which increases the complexity of the system, reduces the sum rate of the system, and thus results in unacceptable system power consumption and hardware cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming method and apparatus, so as to solve the problems of high complexity and low rate of the existing millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system.
In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention discloses a millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming method, which includes:
obtaining millimeter wave large scale MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000011
Iteratively calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system based on a preset iteration number I, and selecting the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained by multiple times of iterative calculations after the calculation number reaches the maximum preset iteration number, wherein the value of I is a positive integer greater than 1;
determining the analog pre-coding matrix used for calculating the maximum sum speed as an optimal analog beam forming matrix, and the used digital pre-coding matrix as an optimal digital beam forming matrix;
the process of calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system each time comprises the following steps:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) And the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000021
Calculating the optimized analog precoding matrix and digital precoding matrix, and calculating the S sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog precoding matrix and digital precoding matrix, wherein I is more than 0 and less than I, and S is a sample number more than 1;
if not, updating the current probability distribution function xi (gamma; P) by using the minimum cross-entropy (i) ) The updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; p is (i+1) )。
Optionally, the spatial channel matrix of the MIMO beam according to the current probability distribution function
Figure BDA0003705236690000022
Calculating the analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix after the optimization, and calculating the sum speed of the MIMO wave beam space system according to the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) Generating S analog precoding matrix samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000023
Wherein S is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to S, S>1；
Large-scale MIMO wave beam space channel matrix based on millimeter waves
Figure BDA0003705236690000024
And the s-th analog precoding matrix sample
Figure BDA0003705236690000025
Determining equivalent channels
Figure BDA0003705236690000026
According to the equivalent channel
Figure BDA0003705236690000027
Computing a digital precoding matrix using a wiener filtering algorithm
Figure BDA0003705236690000028
According to the analog precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000029
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA00037052366900000210
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA00037052366900000211
Optionally, the method further includes:
and constructing a new MIMO beam space system by using the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix.
Optionally, the function (F; P) according to the current probability distribution is (i) ) Generating S simulationsPrecoding matrix samples
Figure BDA00037052366900000212
The method comprises the following steps:
determining a current probability parameter P (i) Based on the current probability parameter P (i) Generating random samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000031
From a gamma matrix and the random samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000032
Transforming to obtain S analog pre-coding matrix samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000033
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003705236690000034
N RF for the number of RF chains, f is a diagonalized preset analog precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000035
N is the number of lens arrays of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system;
each element in the f has a bernoulli random variable of a probability function, the bernoulli random variable comprising:
Figure BDA0003705236690000036
Pr{f i ＝0}＝1-p i
i＝1,2,…,N；
the Bernoulli related group of f
Figure BDA0003705236690000037
Optionally, according toAnalog precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000038
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000039
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA00037052366900000310
The method comprises the following steps:
according to
Figure BDA00037052366900000311
And
Figure BDA00037052366900000312
using the analog precoding matrix
Figure BDA00037052366900000313
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA00037052366900000314
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA00037052366900000315
wherein ,γk Representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the kth user,
Figure BDA00037052366900000316
is that
Figure BDA00037052366900000317
K is the number of single antenna users, H ═ H 1 ,h 2 ,…h K ]Is a channel matrix containing K users, K is more than 0 and less than or equal to K.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and sequencing the S sum speeds of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO wave beam space system obtained by each calculation from large to small.
Optionally, the current probability distribution function (Γ; P) is updated with a minimized cross-entropy (i) ) The method comprises the following steps:
according to the current probability parameter P (i) And
Figure BDA0003705236690000041
obtaining an updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i+1) )；
Where α is a smoothing constant for updating p,
Figure BDA0003705236690000042
Figure BDA0003705236690000043
Figure BDA0003705236690000044
is the number of elite retained.
The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention discloses a millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming apparatus, including:
an obtaining unit for obtaining a millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000046
The iterative computation unit is used for iteratively computing the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system based on a preset iteration number I, and selecting the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained by multiple times of iterative computation after the computation number reaches the maximum preset iteration number, wherein the value of I is a positive integer greater than 1;
a preferred unit, configured to determine that the analog precoding matrix used for calculating the maximum sum speed is an optimal analog beamforming matrix, and the used digital precoding matrix is an optimal digital beamforming matrix;
the iterative computation unit for computing the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system each time is specifically configured to:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) And the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000045
Calculating an analog pre-coding matrix and a digital pre-coding matrix after the optimization, and calculating S sum speeds of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, wherein I is more than 0 and less than I, and S is a sample number more than 1;
if not, updating the current probability distribution function xi (gamma; P) by using the minimum cross-entropy (i) ) The updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; p (i+1) )。
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
and the construction unit is used for constructing a new millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system by utilizing the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix.
Optionally, the updating of the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) using minimized cross-entropy (i) ) The iterative computation unit of (2), in particular, is configured to:
according to the current probability parameter P (i) And
Figure BDA0003705236690000051
obtaining an updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i+1) )；
Where α is a smoothing constant for updating p,
Figure BDA0003705236690000052
Figure BDA0003705236690000053
Figure BDA0003705236690000054
is the number of elite retained.
Based on the embodiment of the invention, the invention providesA millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method and a device are provided, wherein the method obtains a millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000055
Iteratively calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system based on a preset iteration number I, and selecting the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained by multiple times of iterative calculations after the calculation number reaches the maximum preset iteration number, wherein the value of I is a positive integer greater than 1; determining the analog pre-coding matrix used for calculating the maximum sum speed as an optimal analog beam forming matrix, and the used digital pre-coding matrix as an optimal digital beam forming matrix; the process of calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system each time comprises the following steps: according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) And said MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000056
Calculating an analog pre-coding matrix and a digital pre-coding matrix after the optimization, and calculating S sum speeds of the MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, wherein I is more than 0 and less than I, and S is a sample number more than 1; if not, updating the current probability distribution function xi (gamma; P) by using the minimum cross-entropy (i) ) The updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; p (i+1) ). In the embodiment of the invention, under the preset iteration times, the probability distribution function updated by the minimized cross entropy is adopted to optimize the analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix, the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system is calculated by utilizing the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, and the analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix corresponding to the maximum sum speed are selected after the optimized calculation reaches the maximum iteration times, so that the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix for constructing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system are obtained, the complexity of designing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system is reduced, and meanwhile, the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix for constructing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system are also obtainedThe sum rate of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of calculating sum speed of a millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another method for calculating sum velocity of a MMW massive MIMO beam space system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming apparatus disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
As known from the background art, for a large-scale MIMO system with millimeter waves having hundreds to thousands of antennas, each antenna uses a dedicated Radio Frequency (RF) chain, and a conventional electromagnetic antenna array is used for beamforming, which increases the complexity of the system, reduces the sum rate of the system, and thus results in unacceptable system power consumption and hardware cost.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention discloses a millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method and device, which adopts the minimized cross entropy to iteratively optimize an analog pre-coding matrix and a digital pre-coding matrix, and calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system based on the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, and after the optimization calculation reaches the maximum iteration times, selecting the maximum analog precoding matrix and the maximum digital precoding matrix corresponding to the speed, the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system constructed based on the method can improve the sum rate of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system, and meanwhile, the method also reduces the complexity of designing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system. The details are explained in the following examples.
It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for constructing a millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system based on a lens array structure. The millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is used for obtaining the analog beam forming matrix and the digital beam forming matrix, and constructing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system can maximize the reachable speed of the system.
As shown in fig. 1, a flowchart of a millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
s101: obtaining millimeter wave large scale MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000071
In S101, the mmwave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix is as shown in equation (1):
Figure BDA0003705236690000072
wherein H ═ H 1 ,h 2 ,…h K ]The channel matrix containing K users, K is the number of single-antenna users to be connected in the millimeter wave massive MIMO wave beam space system to be constructed,
Figure BDA0003705236690000073
Figure BDA0003705236690000074
n is the number of lens arrays (number of antennas) to be configured on the base station side of the constructed millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system.
For a sparse multipath channel:
Figure BDA0003705236690000075
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003705236690000081
is the LoS (Line of sight) channel of the kth user,
Figure BDA0003705236690000082
the complex gain of the LoS channel is represented,
Figure BDA0003705236690000083
indicating the spatial direction of the LoS channel.
Figure BDA0003705236690000084
To indicate the k-th orderThe first NLoS (Non Line of sight) channel of a subscriber, L being the number of all NLoS paths,
Figure BDA0003705236690000085
representing the spatial direction of the NLoS channel.
U denotes the steering vectors of N orthogonal directions (beams) that the lens array contains to cover the entire beam space.
Figure BDA0003705236690000086
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003705236690000087
which represents the direction of the normalized beam,
Figure BDA0003705236690000088
indicating a steering vector.
Illustrated is a classical uniform linear array with N array elements:
Figure BDA0003705236690000089
where τ (N) { l- (N-1)/2, l ═ 0,1, …, N-1} is a symmetric index set centered around 0.
The spatial direction is defined as:
Figure BDA00037052366900000810
where θ represents the physical launch angle/arrival angle, λ represents the wavelength, d represents the array element spacing, and in general,
Figure BDA00037052366900000811
s102: and iteratively calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system based on the preset iteration times I, and selecting the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained by multiple times of iterative calculations after the calculation times reach the maximum preset iteration times.
In S102, I is a positive integer greater than 1.
In the process of specifically implementing S102, the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system is iteratively calculated according to the preset iteration number I, and a process of specifically calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system each time is shown in fig. 2, and mainly includes:
s201: the probability distribution function used for the current iteration calculation is determined.
In S201, if the current iteration is the 1 st iteration, the current probability distribution function is the initial probability distribution function. And if the current non-1 st iteration calculation is carried out, determining the probability distribution function updated by the previous 1 st iteration calculation as the current probability distribution function.
In an embodiment, the current probability distribution function is denoted xi (Γ; P) (i) )。
Wherein I is more than 0 and less than I, and the probability parameter P is [ P ] 1 ,p 2 ,…,p N ] T ，0≤p n ≤1。
S202: according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) And the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000091
And calculating the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and digital pre-coding matrix, and calculating the S sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and digital pre-coding matrix.
In S202, S is the number of samples greater than 1.
S203: judging whether the iteration times reach I, if not, executing S204; if yes, go to S205.
S204: updating a current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) with minimized cross-entropy (i) ) Obtaining an updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; p (i+1) )。
In the specific process of executing S204, according to the current probability parameter P (i) And formula (5) updating the current probability distribution function to obtain an updated probability distribution function xi (F; P) (i+1) )。
Figure BDA0003705236690000092
Where α is a smoothing constant that updates p.
Figure BDA0003705236690000093
Figure BDA0003705236690000094
Where j is 1,2, …, N,
Figure BDA0003705236690000095
is the number of elite retained.
S205: and selecting the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained by multiple iterative calculations.
In an embodiment, the S sum speeds of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system obtained by each calculation are sorted from large to small.
S103: and determining the analog pre-coding matrix used for calculating the maximum sum speed as an optimal analog beam forming matrix, and the used digital pre-coding matrix as an optimal digital beam forming matrix.
After S103 is executed, a new millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system is constructed using the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix.
In the millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, under the preset iteration times, the probability distribution function after the minimum cross entropy updating is adopted to optimize the analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix, the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system is calculated by utilizing the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix, and after the optimization calculation reaches the maximum iteration times, selecting the maximum analog precoding matrix and the maximum digital precoding matrix corresponding to the speed, the optimal analog beam forming matrix and digital beam forming matrix for constructing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system are obtained, and simultaneously, during the iteration, the probability parameter is updated by minimizing the cross-mutual entropy, and the unadjusted probability of the current iteration is adopted as shown in formula (6), so as to avoid the optimization of the search parameter. Local optimization is avoided by the smoothing process described above. Therefore, the complexity of designing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system is reduced, and the aim of improving the sum rate of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system is fulfilled.
Based on the above specific implementation process of S202 shown in fig. 2 in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the method mainly includes the following steps:
s301: according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) Generating S analog precoding matrix samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000101
In S301, S is not less than 1 and not more than S, and S is greater than 1.
The specific process of executing S301 is:
first, a current probability parameter P is determined (i) Based on the current probability parameter P (i) Generating random samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000102
Figure BDA0003705236690000103
Wherein f is a diagonalized preset analog precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000111
Is used to form an N x 1 vector,
Figure BDA0003705236690000112
N RF and N is the number of lens arrays of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system.
Each element in the f has a bernoulli random variable of a probability function, the bernoulli random variable comprising:
Figure BDA0003705236690000113
Pr{f i ＝0}＝1-p i
i＝1,2,…,N (10)
the Bernoulli group related to f is
Figure BDA0003705236690000114
Then, based on the gamma matrix and the random samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000115
Transforming to obtain S analog pre-coding matrix samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000116
Where, i.e., Γ represents all possible analog precoding matrices that satisfy the constraint of equation (11).
Figure BDA0003705236690000117
Figure BDA0003705236690000118
Figure BDA0003705236690000119
S302: based on the milliMeter-wave large-scale MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA00037052366900001110
And the s-th analog precoding matrix sample
Figure BDA00037052366900001111
Determining equivalent channels
Figure BDA00037052366900001112
In S302, the equivalent channel
Figure BDA00037052366900001113
Determined based on equation (12).
Figure BDA00037052366900001114
S303: according to the equivalent channel
Figure BDA00037052366900001115
Computing a digital precoding matrix using a wiener filtering algorithm
Figure BDA00037052366900001116
In S303, the wiener filter algorithm is specifically expressed by equation (13) to equation (16).
Figure BDA0003705236690000121
ζ＝σ 2 K/P T (14)
Figure BDA0003705236690000122
Figure BDA0003705236690000123
Wherein Λ ═ E [ ss ]] H Represents the diagonal correlation matrix of s.
S304: according to the analog precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000124
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000125
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA0003705236690000126
In the process of implementing S304, the analog precoding matrix is utilized according to formula (17) and formula (18)
Figure BDA0003705236690000127
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000128
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA0003705236690000129
Figure BDA00037052366900001210
Figure BDA00037052366900001211
wherein ,γk Represents the signal-to-noise ratio of the kth user,
Figure BDA00037052366900001212
is that
Figure BDA00037052366900001213
K is the number of single antenna users, H ═ H 1 ,h 2 ,…h K ]Is a channel matrix containing K users, K is more than 0 and less than or equal to K.
In an embodiment, the calculated S sum velocities of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system are sorted from large to small.
For example, for S sum velocities
Figure BDA00037052366900001214
In descending order, can obtain
Figure BDA00037052366900001215
In the embodiment of the invention, the current optimal simulation precoding matrix is utilized in the process of each iterative calculation
Figure BDA00037052366900001216
And a digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA00037052366900001217
Calculating the S number and the speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system, repeating the process until the maximum iteration times, and finally obtaining the optimal simulation pre-coding matrix required by constructing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA00037052366900001218
And a digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000131
Therefore, the complexity of designing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system is reduced, and the purpose of improving the sum rate of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system is realized.
Based on the millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention also correspondingly discloses a millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming device, as shown in fig. 4, the millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming device comprises: an acquisition unit 401, an iterative computation unit 402 and a preference unit 403.
An obtaining unit 401, configured to obtain a millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000132
And the iterative computation unit 402 is configured to iteratively compute the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system based on a preset iteration number I, and select the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained through multiple iterations after the computation number reaches the maximum preset iteration number, where a value of I is a positive integer greater than 1.
A preferred unit 403, configured to determine that the analog precoding matrix used for calculating the maximum sum speed is an optimal analog beamforming matrix, and the digital precoding matrix used is an optimal digital beamforming matrix.
The iterative computation unit 402 for computing the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system each time is specifically configured to:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) And the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000133
Calculating an analog pre-coding matrix and a digital pre-coding matrix after the optimization, and calculating S sum speeds of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, wherein I is more than 0 and less than I, and S is a sample number more than 1;
if not, updating the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) by using minimum cross-entropy (i) ) The updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; p is (i+1) )。
In an embodiment, the millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming apparatus further includes:
and the construction unit is used for constructing a new millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system by utilizing the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix.
In an embodiment, the iterative computation unit 402 is further configured to rank the S sum velocities of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system obtained by each computation from large to small.
In one embodiment, the MIMO beam space channel matrix is determined according to the current probability distribution function
Figure BDA0003705236690000141
An iterative calculation unit 402 for calculating the optimized analog precoding matrix and digital precoding matrix, and calculating the sum speed of the MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog precoding matrix and digital precoding matrix, and is specifically configured to:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) Generating S analog precoding matrix samples
Figure BDA0003705236690000142
Wherein S is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to S, S>1；
Large-scale MIMO wave beam space channel matrix based on millimeter waves
Figure BDA0003705236690000143
And the s-th analog precoding matrix sample
Figure BDA0003705236690000144
Determining equivalent channels
Figure BDA0003705236690000145
According to the equivalent channel
Figure BDA0003705236690000146
Computing a digital precoding matrix using a wiener filtering algorithm
Figure BDA0003705236690000147
According to the analog precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000148
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000149
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA00037052366900001410
In an embodiment, based on the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) Generating S analog precoding matrix samples
Figure BDA00037052366900001411
The iterative computation unit 402 is specifically configured to:
determining a current probability parameter P (i) Based on the current probability parameter P (i) Generating random samples
Figure BDA00037052366900001412
From a gamma matrix and the random samples
Figure BDA00037052366900001413
Transforming to obtain S analog pre-coding matrix samples
Figure BDA00037052366900001414
wherein ,
Figure BDA00037052366900001415
N RF for the number of RF chains, f is a pre-set analog precoding matrix that is diagonalized
Figure BDA00037052366900001416
N is the number of lens arrays of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system;
each element in f has a bernoulli random variable of a probability function, as shown in equation (10).
The Bernoulli group related to f is
Figure BDA0003705236690000151
In an embodiment, the precoding matrix is based on the analog precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000152
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000153
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA0003705236690000154
The iterative computation unit 402 is specifically configured to:
utilizing the analog precoding matrix according to equation (17) and equation (18)
Figure BDA0003705236690000155
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure BDA0003705236690000156
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure BDA0003705236690000157
In an embodiment, the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) is updated with a minimized cross-entropy (i) ) The iterative computation unit 402, in particular for
According to the current probability parameter P (i) And
Figure BDA0003705236690000158
obtaining an updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i+1) )；
Where α is a smoothing constant for updating p,
Figure BDA0003705236690000159
Figure BDA00037052366900001510
Figure BDA00037052366900001511
is the number of elite retained.
For a specific implementation manner of each unit in the millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming apparatus disclosed in the above embodiment of the present invention, reference may be made to the method part disclosed in the above embodiment of the present invention.
In the millimeter wave beam space mixed beam forming device disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the minimized cross entropy is adopted to iteratively optimize the analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix, and calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system based on the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, and after the optimization calculation reaches the maximum iteration times, selecting the maximum analog precoding matrix and the maximum digital precoding matrix corresponding to the speed, the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system constructed based on the method can improve the sum rate of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system, and meanwhile, the method also reduces the complexity of designing the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described system and system embodiments are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A millimeter wave beam space hybrid beam forming method, the method comprising:
obtaining millimeter wave large scale MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000011
Iteratively calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system based on a preset iteration number I, and selecting the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained by multiple times of iterative calculations after the calculation number reaches the maximum preset iteration number, wherein the value of I is a positive integer greater than 1;
determining the analog pre-coding matrix used for calculating the maximum sum speed as an optimal analog beam forming matrix, and the used digital pre-coding matrix as an optimal digital beam forming matrix;
the process of calculating the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system each time comprises the following steps:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) And the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000012
Calculating an analog pre-coding matrix and a digital pre-coding matrix after the optimization, and calculating S sum speeds of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, wherein I is more than 0 and less than I, and S is a sample number more than 1;
if not, updating the current probability distribution function xi (gamma; P) by using the minimum cross-entropy (i) ) The updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; p (i+1) )。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the function is based on a current probability distribution function and the MIMO beam spatial channel matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000013
Calculating the analog pre-coding matrix and the digital pre-coding matrix after the optimization, and calculating the sum speed of the MIMO wave beam space system according to the optimized analog pre-coding matrix and the optimized digital pre-coding matrix, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) Generating S analog precoding matrix samples
Figure FDA0003705236680000014
Wherein S is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to S, S>1；
Large-scale MIMO wave beam space channel matrix based on millimeter waves
Figure FDA0003705236680000015
And the s-th analog precoding matrix sample
Figure FDA0003705236680000016
Determining equivalent channels
Figure FDA0003705236680000017
According to the equivalent channel
Figure FDA0003705236680000018
Computing a digital precoding matrix using a wiener filtering algorithm
Figure FDA0003705236680000019
According to the analog precoding matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000021
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000022
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure FDA0003705236680000023
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and constructing a new MIMO beam space system by using the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the function (F; P) is based on a current probability distribution function xi (F) (i) ) Generating S analog precoding matrix samples
Figure FDA0003705236680000024
The method comprises the following steps:
determining a current probability parameter P (i) Based on the current probability parameter P (i) Generating random samples
Figure FDA0003705236680000025
According to a gamma matrix and the random samples
Figure FDA0003705236680000026
Transforming to obtain S analog pre-coding matrix samples
Figure FDA0003705236680000027
wherein ,
Figure FDA0003705236680000028
N RF for the number of RF chains, f is a diagonalized preset analog precoding matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000029
N is the number of lens arrays of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system;
each element in the f has a bernoulli random variable of a probability function, the bernoulli random variable comprising:
Figure FDA00037052366800000210
Pr{f i ＝0}＝1-p i
i＝1,2,…,N；
the Bernoulli related group of f
Figure FDA00037052366800000211
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the precoding matrix is based on the analog precoding matrix
Figure FDA00037052366800000212
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure FDA00037052366800000213
Calculating to obtain S sum speeds of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure FDA00037052366800000214
The method comprises the following steps:
according to
Figure FDA0003705236680000031
And
Figure FDA0003705236680000032
using the analog precoding matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000033
And the digital precoding matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000034
Calculating to obtain S sum velocities of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system
Figure FDA0003705236680000035
wherein ,γk Representing the signal-to-noise ratio of the kth user,
Figure FDA00037052366800000312
is that
Figure FDA00037052366800000313
K is the number of single antenna users, H ═ H 1 ,h 2 ,…h K ]Is a channel matrix containing K users, K is more than 0 and less than or equal to K.
6. The method of claim 2 or 5, further comprising:
and sequencing the S sum speeds of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO wave beam space system obtained by each calculation from large to small.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the current probability distribution function (Γ; P) is updated with minimized cross-entropy (i) ) The method comprises the following steps:
according to the current probability parameter P (i) And
Figure FDA0003705236680000038
obtaining an updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i +1) )；
Where α is a smoothing constant for updating p,
Figure FDA0003705236680000039
j＝1,2,…,N，
Figure FDA00037052366800000310
is the number of elite retained.
8. A millimeter wave beam space mixing beam forming device is characterized by comprising:
an obtaining unit for obtaining a millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure FDA00037052366800000311
The iterative computation unit is used for iteratively computing the sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system based on a preset iteration number I, and selecting the maximum sum speed from the sum speeds obtained by multiple times of iterative computation after the computation number reaches the maximum preset iteration number, wherein the value of I is a positive integer greater than 1;
a preferred unit, configured to determine that the analog precoding matrix used for calculating the maximum sum speed is an optimal analog beamforming matrix, and the used digital precoding matrix is an optimal digital beamforming matrix;
the iterative computation unit for computing the sum speed of the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space system each time is specifically configured to:
according to the current probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i) ) And the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam space channel matrix
Figure FDA0003705236680000041
Calculating the optimized analog precoding matrix and digital precoding matrix, and calculating the S sum speed of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system according to the optimized analog precoding matrix and digital precoding matrix, wherein I is more than 0 and less than I, and S is a sample number more than 1;
if not, updating the current probability distribution function xi (gamma; P) by using the minimum cross-entropy (i) ) The updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; p (i+1) )。
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
and the construction unit is used for constructing a new millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam space system by utilizing the optimal analog beam forming matrix and the optimal digital beam forming matrix.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the current probability distribution function (F) is updated using minimized cross-entropy (i) ) Iterative calculation unit of, in particular
According to the current probability parameter P (i) And
Figure FDA0003705236680000042
obtaining an updated probability distribution function xi (Γ; P) (i +1) )；
Where α is a smoothing constant for updating p,
Figure FDA0003705236680000043
j＝1,2,…,N，
Figure FDA0003705236680000044
is the number of elite retained.
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