CN115101921A - Vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115101921A CN115101921A CN202210880454.7A CN202210880454A CN115101921A CN 115101921 A CN115101921 A CN 115101921A CN 202210880454 A CN202210880454 A CN 202210880454A CN 115101921 A CN115101921 A CN 115101921A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
- H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless high-speed communication, and discloses a vehicle-mounted active phased-array antenna system and a working method thereof, namely, a non-polarized angle adjusting mechanism which can synchronously adjust the backward inclination angle of a forward antenna mounting plate and the forward inclination angle of a backward antenna mounting plate by lifting a pivot is formed through the structural design of a guide rail, the forward antenna mounting plate, a backward antenna mounting plate, a pulley, the pivot and an electric push rod, so that the aim of aligning the orientation of a forward antenna main lobe beam or a backward antenna main lobe beam to a target base station antenna in real time can be realized by synchronously and accurately adjusting the inclination angles of a forward antenna array and a backward antenna array in real time based on the phase shifting effect of a digital phase shifter, further, the optimal strength of a wireless signal on the way can be ensured, and the phase shifting precision and the system hardware cost required by the phase shifter can be reduced, is convenient for practical application and popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless high-speed communication, and particularly relates to a vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system and a working method thereof.
Background
Enhanced Ultra High throughput (euht) is a wireless High-speed communication technology that is developed by new shore line companies and has completely proprietary intellectual property rights. In the EUHT high-speed rail communication system, base station equipment is erected on a communication iron tower along a railway, a vehicle-mounted antenna is arranged on the top outside the train, and wireless signals form strip coverage along the railway. In order to improve the coverage distance, the EUHT high-speed rail vehicle-mounted antenna adopts two pairs of high-gain directional antennas. When the train is farthest away from the base station antenna, although the spatial path loss is the largest, the main lobe beam direction of the passive vehicle-mounted antenna points to the base station antenna, so that a long-distance coverage scene can be met; when the train runs to the position below the base station antenna, although the space path loss is minimum, the main lobe beam direction of the passive antenna is fixed, and the base station antenna is located in the coverage range of the side lobe beam of the vehicle-mounted antenna, so that the wireless signal is weak, and the tower blackness phenomenon is easy to occur.
At present, although there is also a prior art that uses a vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna to dynamically adjust a pitch angle of a main lobe beam direction of a front/back antenna to make the main lobe beam direction point to a target base station antenna in real time, in a hardware system of the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna, a high-precision phase shifter needs to be used to realize precise adjustment of the main lobe beam direction, which results in high hardware cost, and how to make the main lobe beam direction of the front/back antenna align to the target base station antenna in real time at low cost to ensure that a wireless signal along the way has optimal strength is a technical problem that needs to be further solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system and a working method thereof, which can enable the main lobe beam direction of a front/back antenna to be aligned to a target base station antenna in real time at low cost, further ensure that wireless signals along the way have optimal strength and are convenient for practical application and popularization.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system, which comprises a vehicle roof antenna assembly, a radio frequency transceiver, a control module and a positioning module, wherein the vehicle roof antenna assembly comprises an installation bottom plate, a guide rail, a forward antenna installation plate, a backward antenna installation plate, a pulley, a pivot, an electric push rod, a forward antenna array and a backward antenna array;
the mounting base plate is used for detachably mounting the whole roof antenna assembly on a roof, the guide rail is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the mounting base plate and extends along the driving direction, the forward antenna mounting plate and the backward antenna mounting plate are arranged along the traveling direction in a reverse way, the pulleys are respectively arranged at the bottom end of the forward antenna mounting plate and the bottom end of the backward antenna mounting plate, the pulley is in sliding fit with the guide rail, the top end of the forward antenna mounting plate is pivoted with the top end of the backward antenna mounting plate through the pivot, the electric push rod is vertically fixed on the top surface of the mounting bottom plate, the telescopic end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected with the pivot, so as to synchronously adjust a backward tilt angle of the forward antenna mounting plate and a forward tilt angle of the backward antenna mounting plate by lifting the pivot shaft;
the forward antenna array comprises a first forward antenna and a second forward antenna, wherein the first forward antenna and the second forward antenna are arranged up and down in front of the driving direction of the forward antenna mounting plate, so that a forward antenna main lobe beam generated by the combination of the first forward antenna and the second forward antenna is forward and inclined upwards;
the backward antenna array comprises a first backward antenna and a second backward antenna, wherein the first backward antenna and the second backward antenna are arranged up and down behind the driving direction of the backward antenna mounting plate, so that a backward antenna main lobe beam generated by the combination of the first backward antenna and the second backward antenna faces backward and is inclined upwards;
the radio frequency transceiver is respectively connected with one end of a first radio frequency signal transceiving branch and one end of a second radio frequency signal transceiving branch through a power divider/combiner in a radio frequency mode, the other end of the first radio frequency signal transceiving branch is connected with a common end of a first change-over switch in a radio frequency mode, two change-over ends of the first change-over switch are respectively connected with the first forward antenna and the first backward antenna in a radio frequency mode, the other end of the second radio frequency signal transceiving branch is connected with a common end of a second change-over switch in a radio frequency mode, and two change-over ends of the second change-over switch are respectively connected with the second forward antenna and the second backward antenna in a radio frequency mode;
the input end of the control module is communicatively connected to the output end of the positioning module, the output end of the control module is communicatively connected to the controlled end of the first switch, the controlled end of the second switch, the controlled end of the electric push rod, and the controlled end of the digital phase shifter, respectively, so as to switch and enable the forward antenna array or the backward antenna array, and drive the electric push rod to lift the pivot according to the real-time positioning result of the positioning module and the real-time phase shift value corresponding to the digital phase shifter, so that the direction of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam is aligned to a target base station antenna in real time, wherein the digital phase shifter is located in the first radio-frequency signal transceiving branch and/or the second radio-frequency signal transceiving branch.
Based on the above invention, a new antenna system scheme for realizing the precise adjustment of the front/back antenna main lobe beam direction is provided, that is, through the structural design of the guide rail, the front antenna mounting plate, the back antenna mounting plate, the pulley, the pivot and the electric push rod, a non-polarized angle adjusting mechanism is formed, which can synchronously adjust the back inclination angle of the front antenna mounting plate and the front inclination angle of the back antenna mounting plate by lifting the pivot, so that the main lobe beam direction offset effect generated based on the phase shift action of the digital phase shifter can be realized, the aim of aligning the direction of the front antenna main lobe beam or the back antenna main lobe beam to the target base station antenna in real time can be realized by further synchronously and precisely adjusting the inclination angles of the front antenna array and the back antenna array in real time, and further the wireless signals along the way can be ensured to have the best strength, and the required phase shifting precision of the phase shifter and the system hardware cost are reduced, and the practical application and popularization are facilitated.
In one possible design, the roof antenna assembly further includes a windshield made of an insulating material, wherein the windshield is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the mounting base plate and is in sealing fit with the mounting base plate so as to completely surround the guide rail, the forward antenna mounting plate, the backward antenna mounting plate, the pulley, the pivot, the power rod, the forward antenna array, and the backward antenna array.
In one possible design, the insulating material is glass.
In one possible design, the first forward antenna and the first backward antenna are respectively arranged on an upper portion of the corresponding mounting board;
the first radio frequency signal transceiving branch comprises a first attenuator, a first transceiving switch, a first power amplifier, a first low noise amplifier and a second transceiving switch, wherein one end of the first attenuator is used for being connected with the power divider/combiner in a radio frequency mode, the other end of the first attenuator is connected with a common end of the first transceiving switch in a radio frequency mode, two switching ends of the first transceiving switch are respectively connected with an input end of the first power amplifier and an output end of the first low noise amplifier in a radio frequency mode, two switching ends of the second transceiving switch are respectively connected with an output end of the first power amplifier and an input end of the first low noise amplifier in a radio frequency mode, and the common end of the second transceiving switch is used for being connected with the common end of the first switch in a radio frequency mode;
the second radio frequency signal receiving and transmitting branch circuit comprises a second attenuator, the digital phase shifter, a third receiving and transmitting change-over switch, a second power amplifier, a second low noise amplifier and a fourth receiving and transmitting change-over switch, wherein, one end of the second attenuator is used for radio frequency connection with the power divider/combiner, the other end of the first attenuator is connected with one end of the digital phase shifter, the other end of the digital phase shifter is connected with the common end of the third transceiving diverter switch in a radio frequency mode, two switching ends of the third transceiving diverter switch are respectively connected with the input end of the second power amplifier and the output end of the second low noise amplifier in a radio frequency mode, two switching ends of the fourth transceiving switch are respectively connected with the output end of the second power amplifier and the input end of the second low noise amplifier in a radio frequency mode, the common end of the fourth transceiving diverter switch is used for being connected with the common end of the second diverter switch in a radio frequency mode;
the controlled end of the first transceiving switch, the controlled end of the second transceiving switch, the controlled end of the third transceiving switch and the controlled end of the fourth transceiving switch are respectively in communication connection with the control signal output end of the radio frequency transceiver.
In one possible design, the positioning module includes a big dipper/GPS dual system wireless positioning module with a model number UM 220-III.
In a possible design, the positioning module further comprises a wired speed sensor, a clock unit and a data processing unit, wherein the data processing unit is respectively in communication connection with the big dipper/GPS dual-system wireless positioning module, the linear speed sensor and the clock unit so as to calculate the real-time positioning result according to the latest positioning coordinate acquired by the big dipper/GPS dual-system wireless positioning module, the real-time vehicle speed acquired by the linear speed sensor and the time information output by the clock unit.
In one possible design, the first forward antenna, the second forward antenna, the first backward antenna and the second backward antenna each include a pair of orthogonal dual-polarized antennas horizontally arranged on the corresponding mounting board and composed of +45 ° and-45 ° two pairs of polarized antennas.
In one possible design, the front end and the rear end of the guide rail are respectively provided with a limiting block.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an operating method of the foregoing first aspect or any possible design of the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system, which is executed by a control module of the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system, and includes:
acquiring the geographic spatial position of the target base station antenna and the real-time positioning result of the positioning module;
determining a current desired elevation angle of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam and for aiming at the target base station antenna according to the geospatial position and the real-time positioning result;
determining a current offset angle of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam relative to a normal of a corresponding mounting plate according to a real-time phase shift value corresponding to the digital phase shifter;
calculating the current required relative height of the pivot according to the following formula:
h＝l*cos(θ-β)
wherein h represents a current desired relative height of the pivot shaft with respect to the pulley, l represents a distance of an axis of the pivot shaft from an axis of the pulley, θ represents the current desired elevation angle, and β represents the current offset angle;
and driving the electric push rod to lift the pivot according to the current required relative height, so that the direction of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam is aligned to the target base station antenna in real time.
In one possible design, when the digital phase shifter is located only in the second rf signal transceiving branch, determining a current offset angle of the forward antenna mainlobe beam or the backward antenna mainlobe beam with respect to a normal of a corresponding mounting board according to a real-time phase shift value corresponding to the digital phase shifter includes:
calculating the current offset angle beta according to the following formula:
wherein λ represents a radio frequency operating signal wavelength of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam,
and d represents the spatial distance between the upper antenna and the lower antenna corresponding to the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam.
The invention has the technical effects that:
(1) the invention provides a new antenna system scheme for realizing the accurate adjustment of the main lobe beam orientation of a front/back antenna, namely, a non-polarized angle adjusting mechanism which can synchronously adjust the back inclination angle of the front antenna mounting plate and the front inclination angle of the back antenna mounting plate by lifting the pivot is formed through the structural design of a guide rail, a front antenna mounting plate, a back antenna mounting plate, a pulley, the pivot and an electric push rod, so the main lobe beam orientation deviation effect generated based on the phase shift action of a digital phase shifter can be realized, the aim of aligning the main lobe beam orientation of the front antenna or the main lobe beam orientation of the back antenna to a target base station antenna in real time can be further realized through synchronously and accurately adjusting the inclination angles of the front antenna array and the back antenna array in real time, and further the optimal strength of a wireless signal on the way can be ensured, and the required phase shifting precision of the phase shifter and the system hardware cost are reduced, and the practical application and popularization are facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a roof antenna assembly in an active phased array antenna system for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a working method of the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative of exemplary embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various objects, these objects should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one object from another. For example, a first object may be referred to as a second object, and similarly, a second object may be referred to as a first object, without departing from the scope of example embodiments of the present invention.
It should be understood that, for the term "and/or" as may appear herein, it is merely an associative relationship describing an associated object, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists independently, B exists independently or A and B exist simultaneously; for the term "/and" as may appear herein, which describes another associative object relationship, it means that two relationships may exist, e.g., a/and B, may mean: a exists singly or A and B exist simultaneously; in addition, for the character "/" that may appear herein, it generally means that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system provided in this embodiment includes a roof antenna assembly, a radio frequency transceiver, a control module, and a positioning module, where the roof antenna assembly includes a mounting base plate 1, a guide rail 2, a forward antenna mounting plate 31, a backward antenna mounting plate 32, a pulley 4, a pivot 5, an electric push rod 6, a forward antenna array 71, and a backward antenna array 72; the mounting base plate 1 is used for detachably mounting the whole roof antenna assembly on a roof, the guide rail 2 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the mounting base plate 1 and extends along the traveling direction, the forward antenna mounting plate 31 and the backward antenna mounting plate 32 are disposed opposite to each other in the traveling direction, the pulley 4 is mounted to the bottom end of the forward antenna mounting plate 31 and the bottom end of the backward antenna mounting plate 32, the pulley 4 is in sliding fit with the guide rail 2, the top end of the forward antenna mounting plate 31 is pivoted with the top end of the backward antenna mounting plate 32 through the pivot 5, the electric push rod 6 is vertically fixed on the top surface of the mounting bottom plate 1, the telescopic end of the electric push rod 6 is fixedly connected with the pivot 5, so as to synchronously adjust the backward tilt angle of the forward antenna mounting plate 31 and the forward tilt angle of the backward antenna mounting plate 32 by raising and lowering the pivot shaft 5; the forward antenna array 71 comprises a first forward antenna 711 and a second forward antenna 712, wherein the first forward antenna 711 and the second forward antenna 712 are arranged up and down in front of the traveling direction of the forward antenna mounting plate 31, so that a forward antenna main lobe beam generated by the combination of the first forward antenna 711 and the second forward antenna 712 is forward and obliquely upward; the backward antenna array 72 includes a first backward antenna 721 and a second backward antenna 722, wherein the first backward antenna 721 and the second backward antenna 722 are disposed up and down behind the backward antenna mounting plate 32 in the traveling direction, so that the backward antenna main lobe beam generated by the combination of the first backward antenna 721 and the second backward antenna 722 is backward and obliquely upward; the radio frequency transceiver is respectively connected with one end of a first radio frequency signal transceiving branch and one end of a second radio frequency signal transceiving branch through a power divider/combiner in a radio frequency mode, the other end of the first radio frequency signal transceiving branch is connected with a common end of a first switch SW1 in a radio frequency mode, two switching ends of a first switch SW1 are respectively connected with the first forward antenna 711 and the first backward antenna 721 in a radio frequency mode, the other end of the second radio frequency signal transceiving branch is connected with a common end of a second switch SW2 in a radio frequency mode, and two switching ends of a second switch SW2 are respectively connected with the second forward antenna 712 and the second backward antenna 722 in a radio frequency mode; the input end of the control module is communicatively connected to the output end of the positioning module, the output end of the control module is respectively communicatively connected to the controlled end of the first switch SW1, the controlled end of the second switch SW2, the controlled end of the electric push rod 6, and the controlled end of a digital phase shifter DPI2, so as to switch and activate the forward antenna array 71 or the backward antenna array 72, and according to the real-time positioning result of the positioning module and the real-time phase shift value corresponding to the digital phase shifter DPI2, the electric push rod 6 is driven to lift the pivot 5, so that the orientation of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam is aligned to the target base station antenna in real time, wherein the digital phase shifter DPI2 is located in the first rf signal transceiving branch and/or the second rf signal transceiving branch.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in the specific structure of the vehicle-mounted active phased-array antenna system, through the structural design of the guide rail 2, the forward antenna mounting plate 31, the backward antenna mounting plate 32, the pulley 4, the pivot 5 and the electric push rod 6, a non-polarized angle adjusting mechanism is formed, which can synchronously adjust the backward tilt angle of the forward antenna mounting plate 31 and the forward tilt angle of the backward antenna mounting plate 32 by lifting the pivot 5, so that the main lobe beam direction offset effect generated based on the phase shift action of the digital phase shifter DPI2 can be achieved, and further, by synchronously and precisely adjusting the tilt angles of the forward antenna array 71 and the backward antenna array 72 in real time, the purpose of aligning the direction of the main lobe beam of the forward antenna or the main lobe beam of the backward antenna to the target base station antenna in real time can be achieved, and further, the optimal strength of the wireless signals along the way can be ensured, the required phase shifting precision of the phase shifter and the system hardware cost are reduced, and the practical application and popularization are facilitated.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the operation method of the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system is executed by a control module of the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system, and includes, but is not limited to, the following steps S1 to S5.
S1, acquiring the geographic spatial position of the target base station antenna and the real-time positioning result of the positioning module.
In step S1, the geospatial location of the target base station antenna is known information, and may be stored in advance in a local storage medium for conventional acquisition.
And S2, determining the main lobe beam of the forward antenna or the main lobe beam of the backward antenna according to the geographic space position and the real-time positioning result, wherein the main lobe beam of the forward antenna or the main lobe beam of the backward antenna is used for aligning the current required elevation angle of the target base station antenna.
In step S2, the determination manner of the currently required elevation angle may be calculated based on conventional geometric knowledge.
And S3, determining the current offset angle of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam relative to the normal of the corresponding mounting plate according to the real-time phase shift value corresponding to the DPI2 of the digital phase shifter.
In step S3, when the digital phase shifter DPI2 is located only in the second rf signal transceiving branch, the current offset angle β may be calculated according to, but not limited to, the following formula:
wherein λ represents a radio frequency operating signal wavelength of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam,
and d represents the spatial distance between the upper antenna and the lower antenna corresponding to the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam.
S4, calculating the current required relative height of the pivot 5 according to the following formula:
h＝l*cos(θ-β)
where h represents the current desired relative height of the pivot 5 with respect to the pulley 4, l represents the distance of the axis of the pivot 5 from the axis of the pulley 4, θ represents the current desired elevation angle, and β represents the current offset angle, as shown in fig. 2.
And S5, driving the electric push rod 6 to lift the pivot 5 according to the current required relative height, so that the direction of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam is aligned to the target base station antenna in real time.
Preferably, the roof antenna assembly further includes a windshield 8 made of an insulating material, wherein the windshield 8 is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the mounting base plate 1 and is in sealing fit with the mounting base plate 1 so as to completely surround the guide rail 2, the forward antenna mounting plate 31, the backward antenna mounting plate 32, the pulley 4, the pivot 5, the electric ram 6, the forward antenna array 71 and the backward antenna array 72. As shown in fig. 2, the windshield 8 is used to protect the internal mechanical structure from being affected by the external environment, and the insulation material is designed to ensure that the transmission and reception of wireless signals are not affected. Specifically, the insulating material may be, but is not limited to, glass.
Preferably, the first forward antenna 711 and the first backward antenna 721 are respectively disposed at an upper portion of the corresponding mounting board; the first rf signal transceiving branch includes a first attenuator ATT1, a first transceiving switch TRSW1, a first power amplifier PA1, a first low noise amplifier LNA1, and a second transceiving switch TRSW2, wherein, one end of the first attenuator ATT1 is used for radio frequency connection with the power divider/combiner, the other end of the first attenuator ATT1 is connected to the common end of the first transceiving switch TRSW1 via radio frequency, two switching terminals of the first transceiving switching switch TRSW1 are respectively connected to the input terminal of the first power amplifier PA1 and the output terminal of the first low noise amplifier LNA1 via rf, two switching terminals of the second transceiving switching switch TRSW2 are respectively connected to the output terminal of the first power amplifier PA1 and the input terminal of the first low noise amplifier LNA1 via rf, the common terminal of the second transceiving switching switch TRSW2 is configured to be connected to the common terminal of the first switching switch SW1 at radio frequency; the second rf signal transceiving branch includes a second attenuator ATT2, the digital phase shifter DPI2, a third transceiving switch TRSW3, a second power amplifier PA2, a second low noise amplifier LNA2 and a fourth transceiving switch TRSW4, wherein one end of the second attenuator ATT2 is configured to be rf connected to the power splitter/combiner, the other end of the first attenuator ATT1 is rf connected to one end of the digital phase shifter DPI2, the other end of the digital phase shifter DPI2 is rf connected to a common end of the third transceiving switch TRSW3, two switching ends of the third transceiving switch TRSW3 are respectively rf connected to an input end of the second power amplifier PA2 and an output end of the second low noise amplifier LNA2, two switching ends of the fourth transceiving switch TRSW4 are respectively rf connected to an output end of the second power amplifier PA2 and an input end of the second low noise amplifier LNA2, the common terminal of the fourth transceiving switching switch TRSW4 is configured to be connected to the common terminal of the second switching switch SW2 at radio frequency; the controlled terminal of the first transceiving switching switch TRSW1, the controlled terminal of the second transceiving switching switch TRSW2, the controlled terminal of the third transceiving switching switch TRSW3, and the controlled terminal of the fourth transceiving switching switch TRSW4 are respectively connected to the control signal output terminal of the radio frequency transceiver in a communication manner.
Preferably, the positioning module comprises a Beidou/GPS dual-system wireless positioning module with the model number of UM 220-III.
Preferably, the positioning module further comprises a wired speed sensor, a clock unit and a data processing unit, wherein the data processing unit is respectively in communication connection with the big dipper/GPS dual-system wireless positioning module, the linear speed sensor and the clock unit, so that the real-time positioning result is obtained through calculation according to the latest positioning coordinate obtained by the big dipper/GPS dual-system wireless positioning module, the real-time vehicle speed collected by the linear speed sensor and the time information output by the clock unit.
Preferably, the first forward antenna 711, the second forward antenna 712, the first backward antenna 721 and the second backward antenna 722 respectively include a pair of orthogonal dual polarized antennas consisting of +45 ° and-45 ° two polarized antennas, which are horizontally arranged on the corresponding mounting boards.
Preferably, the front end and the rear end of the guide rail 2 are respectively provided with a limiting block 21.
In summary, the vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system and the working method thereof provided by the embodiment have the following technical effects:
(1) the embodiment provides a new antenna system scheme for realizing accurate adjustment of the main lobe beam orientation of a front/back antenna, namely, a non-polarized angle adjusting mechanism capable of synchronously adjusting the backward inclination angle of the front antenna mounting plate and the forward inclination angle of the back antenna mounting plate by lifting the pivot is formed through the structural design of a guide rail, a front antenna mounting plate, a back antenna mounting plate, a pulley, a pivot and an electric push rod, so that the main lobe beam orientation deviation effect generated based on the phase shifting action of a digital phase shifter can be realized, the aim of aligning the orientation of the main lobe beam of the front antenna or the main lobe beam of the back antenna to a target base station antenna in real time can be further realized through synchronously and accurately adjusting the inclination angles of a front antenna array and a back antenna array in real time, and further the optimal strength of a wireless signal along the way can be ensured, and the required phase shifting precision of the phase shifter and the system hardware cost are reduced, and the practical application and popularization are facilitated.
Finally, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and that various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, which are intended to be interpreted according to the breadth to which the description is entitled.
Claims (10)
1. The vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system is characterized by comprising a vehicle roof antenna assembly, a radio frequency transceiver, a control module and a positioning module, wherein the vehicle roof antenna assembly comprises a mounting base plate (1), a guide rail (2), a forward antenna mounting plate (31), a backward antenna mounting plate (32), a pulley (4), a pivot (5), an electric push rod (6), a forward antenna array (71) and a backward antenna array (72);
the mounting base plate (1) is used for detachably mounting the whole roof antenna assembly on a roof, the guide rail (2) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the mounting base plate (1) and extends along the driving direction, the forward antenna mounting plate (31) and the backward antenna mounting plate (32) are arranged along the opposite direction of the driving direction, the pulley (4) is respectively arranged at the bottom end of the forward antenna mounting plate (31) and the bottom end of the backward antenna mounting plate (32), the pulley (4) is in sliding fit with the guide rail (2), the top end of the forward antenna mounting plate (31) and the top end of the backward antenna mounting plate (32) are pivoted through the pivot (5), the electric push rod (6) is vertically fixed on the top surface of the mounting base plate (1), and the telescopic end of the electric push rod (6) is fixedly connected with the pivot (5), so as to synchronously adjust a backward tilt angle of the forward antenna mounting plate (31) and a forward tilt angle of the backward antenna mounting plate (32) by lifting the pivot shaft (5);
the forward antenna array (71) comprises a first forward antenna (711) and a second forward antenna (712), wherein the first forward antenna (711) and the second forward antenna (712) are arranged up and down in front of the traveling direction of the forward antenna mounting plate (31), so that a forward antenna main lobe beam generated by the combination of the first forward antenna (711) and the second forward antenna (712) faces forwards and is inclined upwards;
the backward antenna array (72) comprises a first backward antenna (721) and a second backward antenna (722), wherein the first backward antenna (721) and the second backward antenna (722) are arranged up and down behind the backward antenna mounting plate (32) in the travelling direction, so that a backward antenna main lobe beam generated by the combination of the first backward antenna (721) and the second backward antenna (722) faces backward and is inclined upwards;
the radio frequency transceiver is respectively connected with one end of a first radio frequency signal transceiving branch and one end of a second radio frequency signal transceiving branch through a power divider/combiner in a radio frequency mode, the other end of the first radio frequency signal transceiving branch is connected with a common end of a first change-over switch (SW1) in a radio frequency mode, two switching ends of the first change-over switch (SW1) are respectively connected with the first forward antenna (711) and the first backward antenna (721) in a radio frequency mode, the other end of the second radio frequency signal transceiving branch is connected with a common end of a second change-over switch (SW2 in a radio frequency mode, and two switching ends of the second change-over switch (SW2) are respectively connected with the second forward antenna (712) and the second backward antenna (722 in a radio frequency mode;
the input end of the control module is communicated and connected with the output end of the positioning module, the output end of the control module is respectively communicated and connected with the controlled end of the first change-over switch (SW1), the controlled end of the second change-over switch (SW2), the controlled end of the electric push rod (6) and the controlled end of a digital phase shifter (DPI2), for switching on the forward antenna array (71) or the backward antenna array (72), and according to the real-time positioning result of the positioning module and the real-time phase shift value corresponding to the digital phase shifter (DPI2), driving the electric push rod (6) to lift the pivot (5) so as to enable the orientation of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam to be aligned with the target base station antenna in real time, wherein the digital phase shifter (DPI2) is located in the first and/or second radio frequency signal transceiving branches.
2. The vehicular active phased array antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the roof antenna assembly further comprises a windshield (8) made of an insulating material, wherein the windshield (8) is fixedly disposed on the top surface of the mounting base plate (1) and is in sealing engagement with the mounting base plate (1) so as to completely surround the guide rail (2), the forward antenna mounting plate (31), the backward antenna mounting plate (32), the pulley (4), the pivot shaft (5), the power push rod (6), the forward antenna array (71) and the backward antenna array (72).
3. The vehicular active phased array antenna system of claim 2, wherein the dielectric material is glass.
4. The vehicular active phased array antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first forward antenna (711) and the first backward antenna (721) are respectively disposed at an upper portion of a corresponding mounting plate;
the first rf signal transceiving branch comprises a first attenuator (ATT1), a first transceiving switch (TRSW1), a first power amplifier (PA1), a first low noise amplifier (LNA1), and a second transceiving switch (TRSW2), wherein one end of the first attenuator (ATT1) is configured to be connected to the power splitter/combiner via rf, the other end of the first attenuator (ATT1) is configured to be connected to the common end of the first transceiving switch (TRSW1) via rf, two switching ends of the first transceiving switch (TRSW1) are respectively configured to be connected to the input end of the first power amplifier (PA1) and the output end of the first low noise amplifier (LNA1) via rf, and two switching ends of the second transceiving switch (TRSW2) are respectively configured to be connected to the output end of the first power amplifier (PA1) and the input end of the first low noise amplifier (LNA1) via rf, the common terminal of the second transceiving switching switch (TRSW2) is used for being connected with the common terminal of the first switching switch (SW1) in a radio frequency mode;
the second rf signal transceiving branch includes a second attenuator (ATT2), the digital phase shifter (DPI2), a third transceiving switch (TRSW3), a second power amplifier (PA2), a second low noise amplifier (LNA2), and a fourth transceiving switch (TRSW4), wherein one end of the second attenuator (ATT2) is configured to be connected to the power splitter/combiner via rf, the other end of the first attenuator (ATT1) is configured to be connected to one end of the digital DPI (2) via rf, the other end of the digital phase shifter (DPI2) is configured to be connected to a common end of the third transceiving switch (TRSW3) via rf, two switching ends of the third transceiving switch (TRSW3) are respectively configured to be connected to an input end of the second power amplifier (PA2) and an output end of the second low noise amplifier (LNA2) via rf, and two switching ends of the fourth transceiving switch (TRSW4) are respectively connected to an output end of the second power amplifier (PA 3535) and an output end of the second low noise amplifier (TRSW2) via rf switching switch An input terminal of an acoustic amplifier (LNA2), a common terminal of the fourth transmit/receive switch (TRSW4) being for radio frequency connection to a common terminal of the second switch (SW 2);
the controlled terminal of the first transceiving switch (TRSW1), the controlled terminal of the second transceiving switch (TRSW2), the controlled terminal of the third transceiving switch (TRSW3) and the controlled terminal of the fourth transceiving switch (TRSW4) are respectively in communication connection with the control signal output terminal of the radio frequency transceiver.
5. The vehicular active phased array antenna system of claim 1, wherein the positioning module comprises a model UM220-ii bei/GPS dual system wireless positioning module.
6. The vehicle active phased array antenna system according to claim 5, wherein said positioning module further comprises a wire speed sensor, a clock unit and a data processing unit, wherein said data processing unit is respectively in communication connection with said big dipper/GPS dual-system wireless positioning module, said wire speed sensor and said clock unit, so as to calculate said real-time positioning result according to the latest positioning coordinates obtained by said big dipper/GPS dual-system wireless positioning module, the real-time vehicle speed collected by said wire speed sensor and the time information outputted by said clock unit.
7. A vehicle mounted active phased array antenna system as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said first forward antenna (711), said second forward antenna (712), said first backward antenna (721) and said second backward antenna (722) each comprise a pair of orthogonal dual polarised antennas consisting of two pairs of polarised antennas +45 ° and-45 ° horizontally arranged on the corresponding mounting plate.
8. The vehicle-mounted active phased array antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and rear ends of the guide rail (2) are respectively provided with a stopper (21).
9. A method for operating an active phased array antenna system for a vehicle as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, performed by a control module of the active phased array antenna system for a vehicle, comprising:
acquiring the geographic spatial position of the target base station antenna and the real-time positioning result of the positioning module;
determining a current desired elevation angle of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam and for aiming at the target base station antenna according to the geospatial position and the real-time positioning result;
determining a current offset angle of the forward antenna mainlobe beam or the backward antenna mainlobe beam with respect to a corresponding mounting board normal from a real-time phase shift value corresponding to the digital phase shifter (DPI 2);
the current required relative height of the pivot (5) is calculated according to the following formula:
h＝l*cos(θ-β)
wherein h represents the current required relative height of the pivot shaft (5) relative to the pulley (4), l represents the distance of the axis of the pivot shaft (5) from the axis of the pulley (4), θ represents the current required elevation angle, β represents the current offset angle;
and driving the electric push rod (6) to lift the pivot (5) according to the current required relative height, so that the direction of the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam is aligned to the target base station antenna in real time.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein determining a current offset angle of said forward antenna mainlobe beam or said backward antenna mainlobe beam from a corresponding mounting board normal when said digital phase shifter (DPI2) is located in only said second rf signal transceiving branch based on a real-time phase shift value corresponding to said digital phase shifter (DPI2) comprises:
calculating the current offset angle beta according to the following formula:
wherein λ represents the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beamThe wavelength of the radio frequency operating signal,
and d represents the spatial distance between the upper antenna and the lower antenna corresponding to the forward antenna main lobe beam or the backward antenna main lobe beam.
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| CN117879726A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-12 | 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 | Multi-frequency switching adjustment method and system for directional antenna |
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| CN117879726A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-12 | 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 | Multi-frequency switching adjustment method and system for directional antenna |
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