CN115099073B - Real-time forest fire spreading simulation method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of virtual reality technology and fire prevention and control, in particular to a real-time forest fire spreading simulation method and system. The method comprises the following steps: determining a target forest; acquiring relevant information of the target forest through a remote sensing satellite and ground communication equipment; obtaining overall fire spreading information by using the related information; setting a prediction time length; predicting a change in fire climate information and a change in fire fuel information within the predicted time period; and obtaining the whole fire spreading situation according to the change, and simultaneously carrying out real-time simulation on the fire spreading situation. The method combines and maps meteorological factors, topographic factors and fuel factors closely related to the forest fire and the fire condition, thereby accurately and quickly simulating the spreading condition of the fire, not only providing decision support for fire departments to put out the forest fire, but also having great significance and effect on forest disaster prevention and reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of virtual reality technology and fire prevention and control, in particular to a real-time forest fire spreading simulation method and system.
Background
The forest is the biggest ecosystem main body on land, is the support of the life of the earth, is an important component of national resources and national wealth, is commonly and vividly compared with the lung of the earth, and plays a decisive role in maintaining and improving the global ecological environment. Due to global warming, the combustible storage in the forest is continuously increased, the risk of forest fire is aggravated, and the forest fire not only destroys the forest ecosystem and causes forest resource loss, but also threatens the life and property safety of people. The research on forest fire spreading is of great significance for extinguishing forest fires, but in the prior art, aiming at forest fires which are not generated at present during forest fire spreading, a technology for performing real-time simulation by combining meteorological factors, topographic factors and fuel factors is needed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a real-time forest fire spreading simulation method in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps: determining a target forest; acquiring real-time fire information, fire geographical information, fire fuel information and fire climate information of the target forest through a remote sensing satellite and ground communication equipment; acquiring overall fire spreading information by using the real-time fire information, the fire geographical information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; setting a prediction time length; calculating the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the prediction duration according to the prediction duration by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; predicting the change of the overall fire spread information after the prediction duration according to the overall fire spread information, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information; and simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the whole fire spreading information and the change of the whole fire spreading information. The method of the invention predicts the forest fire spreading by combining the real-time fire information, the fire geographical information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information, namely combining and mapping the meteorological factors, the terrain factors and the fuel factors which are closely related to the forest fire and the fire condition, thereby accurately and quickly simulating the fire spreading condition, improving the real-time and efficient requirements of forest fire spreading simulation, providing decision support for fire control departments to suppress the forest fire, and simultaneously having great significance and effect in forest disaster prevention and reduction.
Optionally, the obtaining of the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information, and the fire climate information of the target forest by using a remote sensing satellite and a ground communication device includes the following steps: acquiring fire point information and a fire boundary of the target forest through the remote sensing satellite; the fire point information and the fire boundary are arranged, and the real-time fire information is obtained; acquiring the gradient, the slope direction and DEM data of the target forest through the ground communication equipment; combining the slope, the slope direction and the DEM data to obtain the fire disaster geographic information; acquiring the loading capacity, the density of dried particles, the surface area-to-volume ratio, the depth of a combustible bed, the low heat content of the combustible, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content, the water content of the combustible and the extinguishing water content of the combustible in the target forest by using the ground communication equipment; converging the dried combustible load, the dried particle density, the surface area to volume ratio, the combustible bed depth, the combustible low heat content, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content, the combustible water content, and the combustible extinction water content to obtain the fire fuel information; acquiring the wind speed, the wind direction, the dryness and the precipitation of the target forest by using the ground communication equipment; and acquiring the fire climate information through the wind speed, the wind direction, the dryness and the precipitation.
Optionally, the obtaining of overall fire spreading information by using the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information includes: constructing a two-dimensional coordinate interface of the target forest by using the fire geographic information; setting fire point coordinates and fire boundary coordinates in the two-dimensional coordinate interface according to the real-time fire information; assigning corresponding combustion parameters to corresponding fire point coordinates and fire boundary coordinates according to the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; and acquiring overall fire spreading information by setting the fire point coordinates and the fire boundary coordinates and assigning a two-dimensional coordinate interface.
Optionally, the setting the predicted time period includes the following steps: and setting the predicted time length according to the time resolution of the remote sensing satellite, wherein the predicted time length is greater than the time resolution.
Optionally, the calculating, according to the predicted duration, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the predicted duration by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information, and the fire climate information includes: predicting the change of the fire climate information within the prediction duration according to the fire climate information; constructing a fuel loss function by using the overall fire spread information and the fire fuel information; and obtaining the change of the fire disaster fuel information in the prediction time length by combining the change of the fire disaster climate information through the fuel loss function.
Further optionally, the fuel loss function satisfies the following equation:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the length of time is indicated by a time period,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The fuel loss function of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The initial total reserve of combustible material at the location,
the coefficient of fuel loss is expressed as,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The direction of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The fuel distribution vector of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
Fuel storage function at the location.
Optionally, the predicting a change of the overall fire spread information after the predicted time period according to the overall fire spread information, the change of the fire climate information, and the change of the fire fuel information includes: constructing a fire point migration speed function by using the overall fire spread information; determining a head fire point coordinate, a tail fire point coordinate and a side fire point coordinate by combining the corresponding combustion parameters and according to the fire point coordinate and the fire boundary coordinate; selecting a plurality of coordinates on the fire boundary as auxiliary side fire point coordinates, and assigning corresponding combustion parameters to the auxiliary side fire point coordinates; taking the head fire point coordinate, the tail fire point coordinate, the side fire point coordinate and the auxiliary side fire point as a plurality of starting points, and combining the fire point migration speed function and the predicted time length to obtain the fire point coordinate after the predicted time length; according to the fire point coordinates after the predicted duration, combining the change of the fire climate information, and re-demarcating a fire boundary; and re-defining a fire boundary according to the fire point coordinates after the predicted time length, and obtaining the change of the overall fire spreading information.
Further optionally, the fire migration velocity function satisfies the following formula:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The speed of migration of the fire at the location,
，
indicating a fire response corrected intensity factor at a location in two-dimensional coordinates (x, y), wherein,
the spread rate of the forest fire is shown,
the wind speed correction coefficient is represented by a coefficient,
the slope correction coefficient is represented by a slope correction coefficient,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The density of the fuel at the location(s),
representing the amount of heat required to ignite a unit mass of fuel,
representing the effective thermal coefficient of heat.
Optionally, the simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the overall fire spreading information and the change of the overall fire spreading information includes: constructing an initial fire condition of a target forest by using the overall fire spreading information; and simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest by combining the initial fire condition with the change of the overall fire spreading information.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a real-time forest fire spreading simulation system, which is suitable for the real-time forest fire spreading simulation method in the first aspect, and includes: the information input module is used for determining a target forest; setting a prediction time length; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time fire information, fire geographical information, fire fuel information and fire climate information of the target forest through a remote sensing satellite and ground communication equipment; the initial fire behavior module is used for acquiring overall fire spread information by utilizing the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; the first fire behavior simulation module is used for calculating the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the prediction duration according to the prediction duration by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; the second fire behavior simulation module is used for predicting the change of the overall fire spread information after the prediction duration according to the overall fire spread information, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information; and the fire simulation module simulates the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the whole fire spreading information and the change of the whole fire spreading information. The real-time forest fire spreading simulation system provided by the invention has the advantages of compact structure, accurate operation result and high efficiency, so that the real-time forest fire spreading simulation system has more practical application value and commercial value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a real-time simulation method for forest fire spreading according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an initial fire condition simulation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the interpolation of the coordinates of a lateral fire point after the spread of a fire according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between an initial fire condition simulation and a fire spread condition according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a real-time forest fire spreading simulation system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, and it should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known circuits, software, or methods have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a real-time forest fire spreading simulation method, including the following steps:
s1, determining a target forest.
In an alternative embodiment, identifying the target forest includes determining a forest in which a fire is occurring and for which fire suppression is desired and setting the forest as the target forest, and obtaining geographic information about the forest, such as area size, latitude and longitude.
And S2, acquiring real-time fire information, fire geographical information, fire fuel information and fire climate information of the target forest through a remote sensing satellite and ground communication equipment.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the obtaining of the real-time fire information, the geographic information of the fire, the fuel information of the fire, and the climate information of the fire of the target forest by using a remote sensing satellite and a ground communication device includes the following steps: acquiring fire point information and a fire boundary of the target forest through the remote sensing satellite; the fire point information and the fire boundary are arranged, and the real-time fire information is obtained; acquiring gradient, slope direction and DEM data (Digital Elevation Model ) of the target forest by the ground communication equipment, wherein the Digital Elevation Model is used for realizing Digital simulation of ground topography, namely Digital expression of topography surface morphology through limited topography Elevation data; combining the slope, the slope direction and the DEM data to obtain the fire disaster geographic information; acquiring the loading capacity, the density of dried particles, the surface area-to-volume ratio, the depth of a combustible bed, the low heat content of the combustible, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content, the water content of the combustible and the extinguishing water content of the combustible in the target forest by using the ground communication equipment; converging the dried combustible load, the dried particle density, the surface area to volume ratio, the combustible bed depth, the combustible low heat content, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content, the combustible water content, and the combustible extinction water content to obtain the fire fuel information; acquiring the wind speed, the wind direction, the dryness and the precipitation of the target forest by using the ground communication equipment; and acquiring the fire climate information through the wind speed, the wind direction, the dryness and the precipitation.
In an optional embodiment, a high-resolution real-time fire image is obtained through known latitude and longitude information of a target forest by using remote sensing satellites, and the remote sensing satellites select polar orbit satellites which comprise Himapari-8, terra/Aqua, NPP, NOAA, landsat-8, sentinil 2 and other satellites. The polar orbit satellite can quickly read and accurately identify fire point information in forest fires. Specifically, data from a Himapari-8 satellite is selected as the source of telemetry satellite data, the Himapari-8 satellite having a temporal resolution of 10 minutes per time, while also having a spatial resolution of 500 meters. The method comprises the steps of preprocessing collected data by a Himapari-8 satellite, performing brightness temperature conversion to obtain surface brightness temperature data, generating a comprehensive abnormal heat source extraction result by combining reflectivity data of a visible light-infrared band and utilizing methods such as an absolute fire point identification algorithm, a context algorithm, a class variance, a fixed threshold value and a self-adaptive threshold value, and accordingly obtaining real-time fire information, namely real-time fire information, including parameters such as fire point information and fire boundary.
In yet another optional embodiment, the ground communication device may select the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry an infrared monitoring camera, a video camera, a real-time communication device, and the like, so as to complete the assembly, and detect the actual climate, the geographic environment, the vegetation status, and the combustion status of the target forest in real time and obtain the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information, and the fire climate information through the ground communication device according to the known longitude and latitude information of the target forest. The fire geographical information comprises the gradient, the slope direction and DEM data of the target forest. The fire fuel information comprises the capacity of the dry combustible materials in the target forest, the density of the dry particles, the surface area-volume ratio, the depth of the combustible material bed, the low heat content of the combustible materials, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content, the water content of the combustible materials and the water content for extinguishing the combustible materials; converging the oven dried combustible load, the oven dried particle density, the surface area to volume ratio, the combustible bed depth, the combustible low heat content, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content, the combustible water content, and the combustible quench water content; specifically, the dry combustible load represents the stock of dry combustible in the target forest, the unit is kilogram per square meter, and the value range is 0 to 10000; the density of the dried particles represents the storage of dry combustible particles in a target forest, the unit is kilogram per square meter, and the value range is 0 to 10000; the surface area-volume ratio represents the surface area-volume ratio of total combustible substances and combustible particles in the target forest, the unit is square meters per cubic meter, and the value range is 0 to 10000; the depth of the combustible bed indicates the depth of the combustible in the target forest below the ground, the unit is meter, and the value range is 0 to 5; the low heat content of the combustible substance represents the heat content of the combustible substance in the target forest, the unit is kilojoule per kilogram, and the value range is 0 to 10000; the total mineral content represents the ratio of the total mineral content in the target forest, and the value range is 0 to 100; the effective mineral content represents the ratio of combustible effective minerals in the total mineral content in the target forest, and the value range is 0 to 100; the combustible water content represents the water content ratio of the combustible in the target forest, and the value range is 0 to 100; the extinguishing water content of the combustible substance represents the water content of the tiny combustible substance in the target forest, the value range is 0 to 100, when the extinguishing water content of the combustible substance is more than 8 percent, the fire can not be caused, and when the extinguishing water content of the combustible substance is less than 4 percent, the fire is very easy to ignite. Meanwhile, the remote sensing satellite is used for specifically selecting the meteorological condition of the target forest obtained through the meteorological satellite, so that the fire climate information of the target forest is obtained and perfected. And the fire climate information comprises the wind speed, the wind direction, the dryness and the precipitation of the target forest.
And S3, obtaining overall fire spreading information by utilizing the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the obtaining of the overall fire spreading information by using the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information, and the fire climate information includes: constructing a two-dimensional coordinate interface of the target forest by using the fire geographic information; setting fire point coordinates and fire boundary coordinates in the two-dimensional coordinate interface according to the real-time fire information; assigning corresponding combustion parameters to corresponding fire point coordinates and fire boundary coordinates according to the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; and acquiring overall fire spreading information by setting the fire point coordinates and the fire boundary coordinates and assigning a two-dimensional coordinate interface.
In an optional embodiment, the fire geographical location information further includes longitude and latitude of the fire location, and the area occupied by the target forest can be subjected to two-dimensionalization, i.e., a two-dimensional coordinate plane is constructed, through the area size of the target forest and the corresponding specific longitude and latitude information, wherein each specific coordinate is mapped to an actual target forest site; and then the fire point position and the fire boundary of the fire disaster are subjected to coordinate transformation in the two-dimensional coordinate plane, so that the fire point position generates a specific fire point coordinate, and the fire boundary forms a boundary curve or a broken line, thereby facilitating subsequent analog simulation calculation, and simultaneously facilitating the coordinate to be changed back to longitude and latitude to obtain actual site information, thereby facilitating fire rescuers such as firemen to carry out actual fire suppression.
In an optional embodiment, the combustion parameters include parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, dryness, precipitation, drying combustible load, drying particle density, surface area to volume ratio, combustible bed depth, combustible low heat content, total mineral content, effective mineral content, combustible water content, combustible extinguishment water content and the like at corresponding coordinate positions, which is equivalent to constructing a small database for a coordinate point, so as to provide data required by subsequent calculation for fire spread, facilitate understanding of actual conditions in the field by workers, and help the workers to provide new ideas for implementing a fire extinguishing method.
And S4, setting the prediction time length.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the setting of the predicted time duration includes the following steps: and setting the predicted time length according to the time resolution of the remote sensing satellite, wherein the predicted time length is greater than the time resolution.
In an optional embodiment, the data of the Himapari-8 satellite is selected as a remote sensing satellite data source, so that the predicted time length is set to be 10 minutes, the preset time length represents an actual fire spreading result after the preset result is 10 minutes, and the preset time length is not the required operation time length for prediction. And (3) refreshing remote sensing satellite data after the Hiwari-8 satellite carries out 10 minutes, verifying a prediction result by using the refreshed remote sensing satellite data, and correcting the prediction result so as to carry out the next fire spread simulation.
And S5, calculating the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the prediction duration according to the prediction duration and by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the calculating, according to the predicted duration and in combination with the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information, and the fire climate information, a change in the fire climate information and a change in the fire fuel information within the predicted duration includes: predicting the change of the fire climate information within the prediction duration according to the fire climate information; constructing a fuel loss function by using the overall fire spread information and the fire fuel information; and obtaining the change of the fire disaster fuel information in the prediction time length by combining the change of the fire disaster climate information through the fuel loss function. And the simulation accuracy of fire spreading is improved by updating the fire fuel information and the fire climate information in real time.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel loss function satisfies the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the length of time is indicated by the length of time,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The fuel loss function of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The initial total reserve of combustible material at the location,
and at a position with two-dimensional coordinates of (x, y)The loading capacity of the drying combustible materials, the density of drying particles, the surface area-to-volume ratio, the depth of the combustible material bed and other parameters, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content and other parameters are related,
which represents the coefficient of fuel loss as a function of time,
related to the water content of the combustible materials in the target forest, the water content of extinguishment of the combustible materials and other parameters,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The direction of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The fuel distribution vector of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
Fuel storage function at the location.
And S6, predicting the change of the overall fire spread information after the prediction duration according to the overall fire spread information, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the predicting, based on the overall fire spread information, the change in the fire climate information, and the change in the fire fuel information, a change in the overall fire spread information after the predicted time period elapses, includes: constructing a fire point migration speed function by using the overall fire spread information; determining a head fire point coordinate, a tail fire point coordinate and a side fire point coordinate by combining the corresponding combustion parameters and according to the fire point coordinate and the fire boundary coordinate; selecting a plurality of coordinates on the fire boundary as auxiliary side fire point coordinates, and assigning corresponding combustion parameters to the auxiliary side fire point coordinates; taking the head fire point coordinate, the tail fire point coordinate, the side fire point coordinate and the auxiliary side fire point as a plurality of starting points, and combining the fire point migration speed function and the predicted time length to obtain the fire point coordinate after the predicted time length; according to the fire point coordinates after the predicted duration, combining the change of the fire climate information, and re-defining the fire boundary; and obtaining the change of the whole fire spreading information according to the fire point coordinates after the predicted time length and the newly defined fire boundary.
In an optional embodiment, the plurality of coordinates are selected as the auxiliary side fire coordinates on the fire boundary, and the selection of the auxiliary side fire coordinates can be performed according to the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information, that is, the parameters such as downwind direction, combustible storage amount and the like are positively correlated with the insertion amount of the auxiliary side fire coordinates.
In an alternative embodiment, the fire migration velocity function satisfies the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The speed of migration of the fire at the location,
，
indicating a fire response corrected intensity factor at a position in two-dimensional coordinates (x, y), wherein,
the spread rate of the forest fire is shown,
a wind speed correction coefficient is expressed, and,
the slope correction coefficient is represented by a slope correction coefficient,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The density of the fuel at the location of the fuel,
representing the amount of heat required to ignite a unit mass of fuel,
representing the effective thermal coefficient of heat.
In an optional embodiment, the obtaining the coordinates of the fire point after the predicted time period by combining the fire point migration speed function and the predicted time period includes the following steps: using said fire migration velocity function
And the predicted duration
Multiplying to obtain a fire spreading step S,
(ii) a Obtaining the predicted duration by using the fire spreading step S and combining the wind direction angleFire point coordinates of
Wherein, in the step (A),
，
wherein, in the step (A),
and the angle of the wind direction is shown, namely the included angle between the wind direction and the positive direction of the x axis of the two-dimensional coordinate system.
And S7, simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the whole fire spreading information and the change of the whole fire spreading information.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the overall fire spreading information and the change of the overall fire spreading information includes: constructing an initial fire condition of a target forest by using the overall fire spreading information; and simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest by combining the initial fire condition with the change of the overall fire spreading information.
In an optional embodiment, the simulation is visualized to make the fire situation more intuitive. Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, fig. 2 is a schematic view of simulation of an initial fire condition, fig. 3 is a schematic view of interpolation of coordinates of a side fire point after propagation of a fire, fig. 4 is a schematic view of comparison between simulation of an initial fire condition and a fire spreading condition, specifically, in fig. 1, a dot a1 represents coordinates of a head fire point, a dot a2 represents coordinates of a tail fire point, a square represents coordinates of the side fire point, and a curve represents a fire boundary; in fig. 2, a dot b1 represents a head fire coordinate, a dot b2 represents a tail fire coordinate, a square represents the side fire coordinate, and a triangle represents the auxiliary side fire; in fig. 3, a dot a1 represents an initial head fire coordinate, a dot a2 represents an initial tail fire coordinate, a dot b1 represents a simulated head fire coordinate, a dot b2 represents a simulated tail fire coordinate, a square represents the side fire coordinate curve, a fire boundary dot represents the head fire coordinate and the tail fire coordinate, a square represents the side fire coordinate, a triangle represents the auxiliary side fire, a curve a represents an initial fire boundary, and a curve b represents a simulated fire boundary.
The method of the invention predicts the forest fire spreading by combining the real-time fire information, fire geographical information, fire fuel information and fire climate information, namely combining and mapping meteorological factors, topographic factors and fuel factors which are closely related to the forest fire and the fire condition, thereby accurately and rapidly simulating the fire spreading condition, improving the real-time and efficient requirements of simulation of forest fire spreading, providing decision support for fire departments to put out forest fires, and simultaneously having great significance and effect on forest fire prevention and reduction.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a real-time forest fire spreading simulation system, which is suitable for the real-time forest fire spreading simulation method of the present invention, and includes: the information input module is used for determining a target forest; setting a prediction time length; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time fire information, fire geographical information, fire fuel information and fire climate information of the target forest through a remote sensing satellite and ground communication equipment; the initial fire behavior module is used for acquiring overall fire spreading information by utilizing the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; the first fire behavior simulation module is used for calculating the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the prediction duration according to the prediction duration by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information; the second fire behavior simulation module is used for predicting the change of the overall fire spread information after the prediction duration according to the overall fire spread information, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information; and the fire simulation module simulates the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the whole fire spreading information and the change of the whole fire spreading information. Specifically, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 shows a connection relationship of each functional module in the real-time forest fire spreading simulation system, and such a connection relationship enables the real-time forest fire spreading simulation system provided by the present invention to have a compact structure, an accurate operation result and high efficiency, so that the present invention has a practical application value and a commercial value.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (6)
1. A real-time forest fire spreading simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a target forest;
acquiring real-time fire information, fire geographical information, fire fuel information and fire climate information of the target forest through a remote sensing satellite and ground communication equipment;
acquiring overall fire spreading information by using the real-time fire information, the fire geographical information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information;
setting a prediction time length;
calculating the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the prediction duration according to the prediction duration by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information;
predicting the change of the overall fire spreading information after the prediction duration according to the overall fire spreading information, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information;
simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the overall fire spreading information and the change of the overall fire spreading information;
the method for acquiring the overall fire spreading information by utilizing the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information comprises the following steps:
constructing a two-dimensional coordinate interface of the target forest by using the fire geographic information;
setting fire point coordinates and fire boundary coordinates in the two-dimensional coordinate interface according to the real-time fire information;
assigning corresponding combustion parameters to corresponding fire point coordinates and fire boundary coordinates according to the fire fuel information and the fire climate information;
acquiring overall fire spreading information by setting the fire point coordinate and the fire boundary coordinate and assigning a two-dimensional coordinate interface;
the setting of the predicted time length comprises the following steps:
setting the predicted time length according to the time resolution of the remote sensing satellite, wherein the predicted time length is greater than the time resolution;
the step of calculating the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the prediction duration by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information according to the prediction duration comprises the following steps:
predicting the change of the fire climate information within the prediction duration according to the fire climate information;
constructing a fuel loss function by using the overall fire spread information and the fire fuel information;
obtaining the change of the fire fuel information in the predicted time length by combining the change of the fire climate information through the fuel loss function;
the predicting the change of the overall fire spread information after the prediction duration according to the overall fire spread information, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information comprises the following steps:
constructing a fire point migration speed function by using the overall fire spread information;
determining a head fire point coordinate, a tail fire point coordinate and a side fire point coordinate by combining the corresponding combustion parameters and through the fire point coordinate and the fire boundary coordinate;
selecting a plurality of coordinates on the fire boundary as auxiliary side fire point coordinates according to the change of fire climate information and the change of fire fuel information, and assigning corresponding combustion parameters to the auxiliary side fire point coordinates;
taking the head fire point coordinate, the tail fire point coordinate, the side fire point coordinate and the auxiliary side fire point as a plurality of starting points, and combining the fire point migration speed function and the predicted time length to obtain the fire point coordinate after the predicted time length;
according to the fire point coordinates after the predicted duration, combining the change of the fire climate information, and re-demarcating a fire boundary;
and re-defining a fire boundary according to the fire point coordinates after the predicted time length, and obtaining the change of the overall fire spreading information.
2. The real-time forest fire spread simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the real-time fire information, the fire geographical information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information of the target forest by a remote sensing satellite and a ground communication device comprises the following steps:
acquiring fire point information and a fire boundary of the target forest through the remote sensing satellite;
the fire point information and the fire boundary are arranged, and the real-time fire information is obtained;
acquiring the gradient, the slope direction and DEM data of the target forest through the ground communication equipment;
combining the slope, the slope direction and the DEM data to obtain the fire disaster geographic information;
acquiring the loading capacity, the density of dried particles, the surface area-to-volume ratio, the depth of a combustible bed, the low heat content of the combustible, the total mineral content, the effective mineral content, the water content of the combustible and the extinguishing water content of the combustible in the target forest by using the ground communication equipment;
converging said dry combustible load, said dry particle density, said surface area to volume ratio, said combustible bed depth, said combustible low heat content, said total mineral content, said effective mineral content, said combustible water content, and said combustible quench water content to obtain said fire fuel information;
acquiring the wind speed, the wind direction, the dryness and the precipitation of the target forest by using the ground communication equipment;
and acquiring the fire climate information through the wind speed, the wind direction, the dryness and the precipitation.
3. A real-time forest fire spread simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the fuel loss function satisfies the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the length of time is indicated by the length of time,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The fuel loss function of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The initial total reserve of combustible material at the location,
the coefficient of fuel loss is expressed as,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The direction of the fire at the location of the fire,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The fuel distribution vector of the fire at the location,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
Fuel storage function at the location.
4. A real-time forest fire spread simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the fire migration velocity function satisfies the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The speed of migration of the fire at the location,
，
indicating a fire response corrected intensity factor at a location in two-dimensional coordinates (x, y), wherein,
the spread rate of the forest fire is shown,
the wind speed correction coefficient is represented by a coefficient,
the slope correction coefficient is represented by a slope correction coefficient,
representing two-dimensional coordinates of
The density of the fuel at the location of the fuel,
representing the amount of heat required to ignite a unit mass of fuel,
representing the effective thermal coefficient of heat.
5. A real-time forest fire spread simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the simulating the fire spread condition of the target forest according to the overall fire spread information and the change of the overall fire spread information comprises the following steps:
constructing an initial fire condition of a target forest by using the overall fire spreading information;
and simulating the fire spreading condition of the target forest by combining the initial fire condition and the change of the overall fire spreading information.
6. A real-time forest fire spread simulation system, the real-time forest fire spread simulation system being adapted to the real-time forest fire spread simulation method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
the information input module is used for determining a target forest; setting a prediction time length;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time fire information, fire geographical information, fire fuel information and fire climate information of the target forest through a remote sensing satellite and ground communication equipment;
the initial fire behavior module is used for acquiring overall fire spread information by utilizing the real-time fire information, the fire geographic information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information;
the first fire behavior simulation module is used for calculating the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information within the prediction duration according to the prediction duration by combining the overall fire spread information, the fire fuel information and the fire climate information;
the second fire behavior simulation module is used for predicting the change of the overall fire spread information after the prediction duration according to the overall fire spread information, the change of the fire climate information and the change of the fire fuel information;
and the fire simulation module simulates the fire spreading condition of the target forest according to the whole fire spreading information and the change of the whole fire spreading information.
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