CN115097106A - Deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system and test method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system, and belongs to the technical field of overlying strata separation layer grouting. The device comprises an equipment frame, a rock stratum flexible loading device, a test bin, an automatic laying device, a similar material preparing and conveying device, a grouting device and a mounting device. Through improving experimental storehouse, be designed with the cavity separator that can carry out relative slip along the floorbar in experimental storehouse, can separate experimental storehouse, two experimental storehouses can carry out contrast test to, this experimental storehouse is after similar material is accomplished, and the angle of accessible second telescopic cylinder to experimental storehouse is adjusted. Automation of similar material placement is achieved by using an automated placement device. The method can simulate the process of overlying strata abscission layer and grouting, reduce the overlying strata abscission layer and grouting evolution under the actual geological condition, and provide technical support for researching the overlying strata abscission layer evolution and the slurry seepage rule.

Description

Deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system and test method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of overburden bed separation grouting, in particular to a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system and a test method.

Background

Coal makes great contribution to national economy and social development of China, but also brings deep problems of mining subsidence, environmental pollution, ecological imbalance and the like. At present, the development task of coal mine enterprises is changed from 'safe and efficient mining' into 'green mining and clean utilization', and mining subsidence prevention and environmental control are one of important contents.

Overburden stratum separation grouting is a green mining technology for effectively preventing and controlling mining subsidence and protecting the environment of a mining area, has the advantages of simple process, low cost, small underground production influence, high coal recovery rate and the like, is mainly applied to ground subsidence control, mining subsidence control and solid waste harmless treatment, and can be used for the aspects of aquifer protection, rock burst disaster control and the like.

At present, more green mining delamination grouting projects are developed, but the delamination development mechanism, characteristics and rules, the diffusion and migration rules of slurry in a delamination layer, the delamination grouting parameter design and optimization, the understanding and research of the action mechanism and effect evaluation of the delamination grouting in the aspects of surface subsidence control, mining subsidence control, rock burst control, aquifer protection and the like are not deep, and experimental equipment and means for developing related research are lacked.

Application number 202110574077.X discloses a two-position visual grouting experiment box and a use method, and the method can not simulate the damage condition of overlying strata in actual engineering, can not well reduce the slurry flow on the engineering site, and can not realize the research on the seepage rule of the slurry in the overlying strata.

Application number 202010953172.6 discloses a three-dimensional simulation experiment device and a method for a flowing rule of overlying strata isolation grouting filling slurry, the device can realize the research of the flowing rule of the slurry, and the states of overlying strata movement and slurry flowing cannot be intuitively displayed due to the limitation of a three-dimensional model.

Application number 202010952461.4 discloses a fluid-solid coupling similar simulation material for reproducing fractures and a preparation method thereof, but the preparation process of the similar material is complex, related fractures are prepared based on 3D printing, and fractures in a stratum cannot be accurately reduced, so that the accurate simulation of overburden bed separation changes in the coal mining process is difficult.

Application number 202010624595.3 discloses a visual test system for simulating the grouting and seepage process of a fractured rock mass, and the test system provides a visual test system for simulating the grouting and seepage process of the fractured rock mass;

application number 201910020163.9 discloses visual test equipment and experimental method of ultrasonic wave auxiliary pressure slip casting, and it has only realized the slip casting seepage flow simulation to the rock mass, can't carry out the slip casting research in complicated stratum, and the precision instrument cost that uses is too high.

In summary, the technology of controlling surface subsidence by overburden separation filling method still needs to be further improved.

Therefore, aiming at the situations, a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation equipment system is developed,

disclosure of Invention

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system, which provides experimental means and methods for relevant theories and technologies such as goaf surrounding rock (including overlying strata reaching the earth surface) motion characteristics and rules, separation dynamic evolution characteristics and rules, separation grouting collapse prevention geological disaster mechanism and effect evaluation under different geological mining conditions, and provides guarantee for research on overlying strata and separation space grouting treatment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system comprises an equipment frame, a flexible loading device, a test bin, an automatic laying device, a similar material preparing and conveying device, a grouting device and a mounting device;

the test chamber is positioned in the equipment frame and comprises a bottom beam, a left baffle, a right baffle, a middle isolation column and a counter-force beam;

the bottom beam is respectively and fixedly connected with the left baffle and the right baffle, a second telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the bottom beam, an oil cylinder support is arranged on the top beam of the equipment frame, the bottom of the second telescopic oil cylinder is hinged with the oil cylinder support, a base is arranged on the left side of the bottom beam, and the top of the second telescopic oil cylinder is hinged with the base; the bottom of the right side of the test chamber is welded on a base of the equipment frame through a hinged base; the angle of the test bin can be adjusted within a certain range by adjusting the second telescopic oil cylinder;

the middle isolation column is arranged in the inner space of the test chamber and can slide left and right along the bottom beam, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the bottom beam and the middle isolation column, and the middle isolation column is matched with the first through holes through bolts to fix the middle isolation column and the bottom beam after sliding to a proper position;

a first telescopic oil cylinder is arranged on the outer side of a left upright post of the equipment frame, the top of the first telescopic oil cylinder is connected with a steel wire rope by adopting a fixed pulley, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the counter-force beam; when the first telescopic oil cylinder is telescopic, the reaction beam can descend or ascend;

a plurality of electric hoists are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the top beam of the equipment frame;

the automatic laying device comprises an integrated hopper, a sliding mechanism, an air cylinder, a leveling and tamping mechanism and a master control platform;

the integrated hopper comprises a hopper body, the cross-sectional area of the hopper body is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the top of the hopper body is provided with a feeding hole, and the bottom of the hopper body is provided with a discharging hole;

the sliding mechanism comprises a first sliding wheel, a second sliding wheel and a hollow right-angle speed reducer which is used for driving and controlling the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel to slide;

the side part of the hopper body is provided with a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are both provided with a first sliding wheel and a second sliding wheel, the mounting heights of the two first sliding wheels and the two second sliding wheels are the same, and the hollow right-angle speed reducer is mounted on the outer sides of the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel on one side of the first connecting plate and used for controlling and realizing the rotation of the two first sliding wheels and the two second sliding wheels;

a support frame perpendicular to the second connecting plate is further arranged on the second connecting plate;

one end of the air cylinder is connected with an air pump station, the other end of the air cylinder is connected with a hinged plate, the hinged plate is connected with a baffle plate, the air cylinder supports the baffle plate through the support frame, the shape and the size of the baffle plate are matched with those of the discharge hole, the air pump station provides power to control the air cylinder and enable the air cylinder to penetrate through the support frame to push or push the air cylinder towards the direction of the discharge hole, and the pushing of the air cylinder towards the direction of the discharge hole are controlled to control the discharge speed of the discharge hole;

the shoveling and tamping mechanism comprises a shoveling and tamping plate and a mounting structure, the shoveling and tamping plate comprises a first plate and a second plate, the first plate is mounted behind the discharge port through the mounting structure and is mounted in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first sliding wheel and the sliding direction of the second sliding wheel, the second plate is connected below the first plate and perpendicular to the first plate, and after similar materials are discharged from the discharge port, the similar materials are shoveled and tamped through the second plate; a plurality of round holes are vertically formed in the first plate, the mounting structure comprises fixing screws matched with the round holes, and the height of the leveling tamping plate can be adjusted by adjusting the mounting positions of the round holes;

the bottom of the second plate is also provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is connected to the master control console through a data line;

the similar material preparation and conveying device is used for conveying similar materials into the hopper body;

the mounting device is used for mounting the automatic laying device and comprises I-shaped steel, the I-shaped steel is mounted on the front side and the rear side of the test bin, the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel are mounted on the flange positions of the I-shaped steel respectively, and when similar simulation materials need to be laid in the test bin, the automatic laying device is placed at the position of the I-shaped steel through an electric hoist at the top of the equipment frame and is mounted together with the I-shaped steel.

The grouting device is used for grouting to a test chamber and comprises a caster wheel, a grouting rack, a hoop, a grouting tank body and a grout outlet, the caster wheel can realize the movement of grouting equipment, the hoop can fix the grouting tank above the grouting rack, and the pressurizing device can realize the pressure increase so that the pressure of grout in the grouting tank is increased and the grout is pumped out of the grout outlet.

The beneficial technical effects directly brought by the technical scheme are as follows:

through improving test chamber, the design has the cavity separator that can carry out relative slip along the floorbar in test chamber, can separate test chamber, and two test chambers can carry out the contrast test to, this test chamber is after similar material is accomplished, and the flexible hydro-cylinder of accessible second is adjusted test chamber's angle, ensures that the contrast test that once experimental can simulate different inclination and different similar material simultaneously.

Moreover, the automatic laying device avoids the technical problems of low laying efficiency and uneven laying caused by manual laying, can realize automatic laying of similar materials, saves labor, and has a simple structure and convenient operation.

The most important is that the automatic laying device can not cause the condition that similar materials are piled up when laying similar materials layer by layer, and the similar materials are not piled up in the test bin, so the condition that the similar materials are not flat in laying and the like in the later period is avoided. The reason is briefly analyzed as follows:

firstly, one end of the cylinder is provided with a baffle plate matched with the shape and size of the discharge port, the extension length of the cylinder is adjustable, the pushing in or out of the cylinder is controlled by an air pump station, and the size of the discharge port can be adjusted by combining the baffle plate, so that the effect of adjusting the discharge speed of similar materials can be achieved;

secondly, combine the design of the flat ramming plate of shovel behind the discharge gate, in the flat ramming plate of shovel, board one is installed in the direction with first movable pulley, second movable pulley slip direction mutually perpendicular, and board two is connected in the below of board one, and mutually perpendicular with board one, after similar material discharges from the discharge gate, carry out the flat ramming through board two with it, and because board two tamps along with the motion of first pulley, second pulley, consequently, its smoothness that can guarantee similar material more can be tamped while laying.

Finally, above-mentioned automatic laying device through setting up first movable pulley and second movable pulley, except can driving the device and slide on the whole on the one hand, on the other hand is convenient for install, when the in-service use, can install fast with first movable pulley and second movable pulley frame establish the flange position at the I-steel.

As a preferable scheme of the invention, rollers are arranged at the bottom of the middle isolation column, a sliding rail matched with the rollers is arranged on the bottom beam, and the middle isolation column slides left and right in the test chamber through the matching of the rollers and the sliding rail.

As another preferred scheme of the invention, the effective length of the test bin is divided into 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, 4000mm, 4500mm and 5000mm, and the middle isolation column is a hollow square pipe fitting with the size of 400mm multiplied by 1500mm multiplied by 500 mm.

Preferably, a plurality of second through holes are formed in the two sides of the left baffle, the right baffle and the middle isolation column.

Preferably, the bottom of the second telescopic oil cylinder is fixed on a hydraulic cylinder welding seat, and the hydraulic steel welding seat is fixed on an equipment frame base.

Preferably, the rock stratum flexible loading device include flexible gasbag, flexible gasbag constitute by a plurality of independent loaded gasbag body, independent constant voltage control pump is connected to every gasbag body.

Preferably, the length of the first plate is the same as that of the second plate, and the width of the second plate is 10-20 cm.

Preferably, the support frame comprises four support rods arranged in a frame shape, one end of each support rod is connected to the second connecting plate, the other end of each support rod is connected to a square frame, the air cylinder is installed on the square frame, and the extending end of the air cylinder penetrates through the support frame to be pushed towards the lower portion of the discharge port.

Preferably, the similar material preparing and conveying device comprises a feeding hose, the similar material is conveyed to the integrated hopper through the feeding hose, one end of the feeding hose is connected with the slurry preparing and conveying device, the other end of the feeding hose is positioned above the integrated hopper, the feeding hose near the integrated hopper is fixed through a fixing piece, the fixing piece comprises a slender steel bar, holes are formed in the slender steel bar, the slender steel bar is installed on a right upright post of an equipment frame, a plurality of buckles are fixedly arranged on the slender steel bar, a fixing rod is erected on the test bin through each buckle, a hollow iron plate is installed at the other end of the fixing rod, the iron plate is fixed at the end part of the fixing rod through bolts, the feeding hose near the integrated hopper penetrates through the iron plate and is fixed on the fixing rod, the discharge port end of the feeding hose is arranged right above the integrated hopper, and when the integrated hopper slides, the feeding hose moves along with the integrated hopper under the action of the fixing piece.

The invention also aims to provide a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test method, which adopts the deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system and sequentially comprises the following steps:

firstly, calculating the size and model angle required by a model according to geological conditions to be experimentally simulated, and preparing similar materials according to actual stratums;

secondly, determining the size of the model, moving the position of the spacing column in the process, adjusting the position to an experiment required position, and fixing the position;

thirdly, erecting I-steel baffles at the front side and the rear side from the bottom of the test chamber upwards, paving similar materials by an automatic paving device, uniformly paving mica powder among simulated rock stratums for layering by using materials with different proportions according to requirements, and installing first baffles at the front and the rear of the test chamber after paving;

fourthly, after the model is laid, placing a rock stratum flexible loading device at the top of the model of the test bin, adjusting a first telescopic oil cylinder, putting down the counterforce beam, and fixing the counterforce beam, the left baffle plate, the right baffle plate and the middle isolation column of the test bin respectively by using bolts;

fifthly, pressurizing the flexible loading device by using a loading mechanism;

sixthly, operating a second telescopic oil cylinder to adjust the angle of the test bin, and adjusting the inclination angle of the test bin to be consistent with the required coal seam inclination angle;

seventhly, after the similar materials are solidified, gradually removing the front and rear first baffle plates until the model meets the excavation requirement;

eighthly, excavating the model from the rear side of the test bin by adopting a model excavating device, monitoring deformation and damage of the overlying rock stratum, and determining the space position of the separation layer;

ninth, arranging a grouting drill hole and a grouting pipe at the top of the model, and connecting the grouting pipe with the grouting hole; and (4) preparing the obtained slurry by the grouting device, grouting the separation space, and monitoring the flowing state of the slurry.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention provides a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system which can simulate a overburden separation layer and a grouting process, reduce overburden separation layer and grouting evolution under actual geological conditions and provide technical support for researching overburden separation layer evolution and a slurry seepage rule.

On a conventional similar material simulation experiment device, a synchronous contrast test can be carried out in a test bin by reasonably setting the position of a middle partition plate, so that the influence of factors such as time on the test is eliminated; in addition, the angle of the designed test bin can be adjusted according to the requirement, so that the research on the relevant theory of overburden bed separation grouting of the nearly horizontal coal bed is effectively realized;

the testing system adopts a flexible loading device, and the defect of unbalanced upper force loading in most of the conventional equipment is overcome.

The automatic laying device adopted by the invention realizes the automation of similar material laying, the paving equipment advances at a constant speed in the laying process, the uniform laying of the similar material is ensured, and the leveling and compacting device is additionally arranged behind the automatic laying device, so that the smooth laying of the whole model is effectively ensured.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of the automatic laying device of the present invention on a two-dimensional analog simulation test bed;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the automatic paving apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the automated paving apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the automated paving apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the grouting device according to the present invention;

in the figure:

1. the device comprises a device frame base, 2, a hinged base, 3, a test bin bottom beam, 4, a first baffle, 5, a middle isolation column, 6, a device frame upright column, 7, a rock stratum flexible loading device, 8, an automatic laying device, 9, a first electric hoist, 10, a second electric hoist, 11, a third electric hoist, 12, an oil cylinder support, 13, a counter-force beam, 14, a second telescopic oil cylinder, 15, a first telescopic oil cylinder, 16, a hydraulic cylinder welding seat, 17, a first sliding wheel, 18, a second sliding wheel, 19, an air cylinder, 20, a leveling tamping mechanism, 21, a discharge port, 22, an integrated hopper, 23, a baffle, 24, a hollow right-angle speed reducer, 25, a support rod, 26, an air pump station, 27, a caster, 28, a grouting machine frame, 29, a hoop, 30, a sealing device, 31, a grouting pressurizing port, 32, a grouting tank, 33 and a grout outlet.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system, and in order to make the advantages and technical scheme of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is described in detail below by combining specific embodiments.

The two-dimensional analog simulation test bed comprises an equipment frame and a test bin positioned in the equipment frame, wherein the equipment frame comprises an equipment frame base 1, equipment frame upright columns 6 positioned on two sides of the base, namely a left upright column, a right upright column and a top beam, and the equipment frame base is fixedly connected with the left upright column and the right upright column through bolts; the top beam is fixedly connected with the left upright post and the right upright post through bolts.

The invention discloses a deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system which comprises an equipment frame, a rock stratum flexible loading device, a test bin, an automatic laying device 8, a similar material preparing and conveying device, a grouting device and a mounting device.

The whole test bin is of a cuboid structure and is positioned in the equipment frame. The concrete structure of the test chamber comprises a bottom beam 3 of the test chamber, a left baffle, a right baffle, a middle isolation column 5 and a counter-force beam 13; as a main innovation point of the invention, the internal space of the test chamber is divided into two parts by the middle isolation column, and synchronous comparison test can be carried out in the test chamber.

The test bin is internally partitioned by a middle isolation column, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: middle insulated column is the square pipe fitting of cavity, the size is 400mm 1500mm 500mm, four gyro wheels of bottom installation at middle insulated column, bottom beam installation and gyro wheel complex slide rail at experimental storehouse, design like this, middle insulated column can carry out a left side along the bottom beam, the right side slides, be provided with a plurality of first through-holes on bottom beam and middle insulated column, first through-hole is used for the fixed of middle insulated column and bottom beam, after middle insulated column slides to suitable position, fix with first through-hole cooperation centering spacer column and bottom beam through the bolt. The effective lengths of the test bins can be set as follows: 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, 4000mm, 4500mm, and 5000 mm.

And a plurality of second through holes are formed in the two sides of the left baffle, the right baffle and the middle isolation column and used for fixing the left baffle and the right baffle.

A bottom beam of the test chamber is respectively and fixedly connected with the left baffle and the right baffle, a second telescopic oil cylinder 14 is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the bottom beam, an oil cylinder support 12 is arranged on a top beam of the equipment frame, the bottom of the second telescopic oil cylinder is hinged with the oil cylinder support, a base is arranged on the left side of the bottom beam, and the top of the second telescopic oil cylinder is hinged with the base; the right bottom of the test bin is welded on a base of the equipment frame through a hinged base; the angle of the test bin can be adjusted within a certain range by adjusting the second telescopic oil cylinder.

The outer side of the left upright post of the equipment frame is provided with a first telescopic oil cylinder 15, the top of the first telescopic oil cylinder is connected with a steel wire rope by adopting a fixed pulley, the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with a counter-force beam 13, and specifically, the counter-force beam 13 is provided with two lifting lugs which are connected with the steel wire rope through the lifting lugs; when the first telescopic oil cylinder is telescopic, the counter-force beam can be lowered or lifted, and in the process of laying similar materials, the first telescopic oil cylinder is retracted and the counter-force beam is lifted; after the laying is finished, the first telescopic oil cylinder extends out, the counter-force beam descends, and the counter-force beam is fixedly connected with a left baffle, a right baffle and a middle spacing column of the test chamber through bolts after descending;

both ends have arranged a plurality of electric block respectively about the back timber of equipment frame, like the first electric block 9, second electric block 10 and the third electric block 11 that from left to right set up, the design of electric block also makes things convenient for the installation of later stage to automatic laying device.

Foretell flexible loading device of rock stratum 7, including flexible gasbag, flexible gasbag form by the independent loaded gasbag body of a plurality of, independent constant voltage control pump of every gasbag body coupling, flexible loading device of rock stratum still includes independent constant voltage control pump, pressure sensor, gas source, accurate pressure regulating valve group, gas pipeline, pipeline connecting piece and the acquisition control ware that uses with the cooperation of flexible gasbag. The flexible loading air bag is arranged in the grouting and seepage simulation test bin, a pipeline and a corresponding valve are connected, air is injected into the air bag according to the design pressure through the constant pressure pump, flexible loading is realized, gradient loading control can be realized through the pressure, and a flexible loading mode is designed. The specific loading manner and how to load can be referred to by those skilled in the art.

The first telescopic oil cylinder and the second telescopic oil cylinder are connected with the air pump station.

Preferably, a plurality of second through holes are formed in the two sides of the left baffle, the right baffle and the middle isolation column.

Preferably, the bottom of the second telescopic oil cylinder is fixed on a hydraulic cylinder welding seat 16, and the hydraulic steel welding seat is fixed on the equipment frame base 1.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the automatic paving device 8 includes an integrated hopper 22, a sliding mechanism, an air cylinder 19, a leveling and tamping mechanism 20 and a general control console. Wherein, integrated hopper is used for holding similar simulation material, and slide mechanism is used for guaranteeing automatic laying device's slip, and the discharge speed of integrated hopper 22 is controlled to cylinder 19, and the planarization that similar simulation material laid is guaranteed to shovel ramming mechanism.

A integrated hopper 22 for holding simulation modeling material, its shape is whole for the infundibulate, narrow down in width promptly, the discharge speed of discharge gate is conveniently controlled like this, concretely, integrated hopper includes the hopper body, the cross-sectional area from the top down of hopper body diminishes in proper order, the top of hopper body is provided with the feed inlet, its top is uncovered form design promptly, similar material all can get into the hopper from the optional position at its top originally internally, be provided with discharge gate 21 in the bottom of hopper body, the shape of discharge gate is circular or square.

As shown in fig. 3, the sliding mechanism includes a first sliding wheel 17, a second sliding wheel 18, and a hollow right-angle reducer 24 for driving and controlling the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel to slide, wherein the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel are provided in two sets, each set includes a first sliding wheel and a second sliding wheel, and the structure of the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel can be implemented by referring to the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

The side part of the hopper body is provided with a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are mainly used for installing a first sliding wheel, a second sliding wheel and a supporting frame, the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel are installed on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate respectively, the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel are installed in a specific installation mode of fixedly connecting through bolts, the first sliding wheel is fixed on the first connecting plate through bolts, the second sliding wheel is fixed on the first connecting plate through bolts, the installation heights of the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel are the same, in order to ensure that the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel can translate, the installation heights of the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel on the second connecting plate are the same, the orientation of the wheels of the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel is the sliding direction, and the orientation of the wheels is parallel to the side direction of the hopper body, the hollow right-angle speed reducer is arranged on the outer sides of the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel which are positioned on one side of the first connecting plate and used for controlling and realizing the rotation of the two first sliding wheels and the two second sliding wheels.

The hollow right-angle speed reducer is connected with the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel through the hinge shaft to control the rotation of the sliding wheels.

The supporting frame comprises four supporting rods which are arranged in a frame shape, one end of each supporting rod 25 is connected to the second connecting plate, the other end of each supporting rod is connected with a square frame, the air cylinder is installed on the square frame, and the extending end of the air cylinder penetrates through the supporting frame to be pushed towards the lower portion of the discharge port.

One end of the cylinder is connected with an air pump station 26, the other end of the cylinder is connected with a hinged plate, the hinged plate is connected with a baffle plate 23, the cylinder supports the baffle plate through a support frame, the shape and the size of the baffle plate are matched with those of the discharge port 21, preferably, the baffle plate and the discharge port are both round or square, the air pump station provides power to control the cylinder 19 and enable the cylinder to penetrate through the support frame to be pushed or pushed towards the direction of the discharge port, and the pushing of the cylinder towards the direction of the discharge port are controlled to control the discharge speed of the discharge port;

the shoveling and tamping mechanism 20 comprises a shoveling and tamping plate and a mounting structure, the shoveling and tamping plate comprises a first plate and a second plate, the first plate is mounted behind the discharge port through the mounting structure, the first plate is mounted in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first sliding wheel and the sliding direction of the second sliding wheel, the second plate is connected below the first plate and perpendicular to the first plate, and after similar materials are discharged from the discharge port, the second plate is shoveled and tamped through the second plate; a plurality of round holes are vertically formed in the first plate, the mounting structure comprises fixing screws matched with the round holes, and the height of the leveling tamping plate can be adjusted by adjusting the mounting positions of the round holes;

the shoveling and tamping plate and the mounting mechanism are matched with each other, the shoveling and tamping plate can be mounted at a proper height through the mounting mechanism according to the laying requirement of similar simulation materials, the specific height adjustment is realized through a plurality of circular holes vertically arranged on the plate I, and if the mounting mechanism is mounted on the circular holes at different heights, the height adjustment of the shoveling and tamping plate is completed. When similar materials are laid from bottom to top, the second plate is just compacted on the similar simulation materials by adjusting the height of the flat compaction plate of the shovel.

Preferably, a pressure sensor is further arranged at the bottom of the second plate and connected to the master control console through a data line. The pressure sensor transmits data to the master control console, so that the master control console can adjust the discharging speed of the discharging port conveniently.

The automatic paving device is matched with a similar material preparation and conveying device and a mounting device, and the similar material preparation device prepares and stirs similar simulation materials by adopting a stirring mechanism; and if the similar materials are conveyed by adopting an automatic feeding mechanism, the similar simulation materials are conveyed into the hopper body of the automatic laying device by the automatic feeding mechanism.

The above-mentioned automatic feeding mechanism preferably includes a conveyor and a feeding hose, the conveyor is located below the discharge port of the stirring mechanism, the similar simulation material discharged from the discharge port of the stirring mechanism enters the conveyor, and is conveyed to the feeding hose by the conveying belt of the conveyor, that is: through connecting the discharge end at the conveyer with the one end of material loading hose, can carry similar analog material to in the material loading hose, the other end of material loading hose is located the top of integrated hopper.

In order to facilitate the movement of the feeding hose with the integration hopper when the integration hopper is moving during laying, the feeding hose located near the integration hopper is fixed by a fixing member.

The fixing part comprises a long and thin steel bar, the long and thin steel bar is provided with holes, the long and thin steel bar is installed on a right stand column of the equipment frame, a plurality of buckles are fixedly arranged on the long and thin steel bar, a fixing rod is erected to the test bin through each buckle, the upper portion of the other end of the fixing rod is provided with a hollow iron plate, the iron plate is fixed at the end portion of the fixing rod through bolts, a feeding hose near the integrated hopper penetrates through the iron plate and is fixed on the fixing rod, the discharging port end of the feeding hose is arranged right above the integrated hopper, and when the integrated hopper slides, the feeding hose moves along with the integrated hopper under the action of the fixing part. Design like this, can realize the while feeding and lay, avoid the condition that similar simulation material piles up to take place.

As shown in fig. 5, the grouting device comprises a caster 27, a grouting frame 28, a hoop 29, a sealing device 30, a slurry inlet pressurizing port 31, a grouting tank 32 and a slurry outlet port 33, wherein the caster 27 is installed below the grouting frame 28, the grouting tank 32 is positioned on the grouting frame 28, the slurry inlet pressurizing port 31 and the slurry outlet port 33 are respectively connected with the grouting tank 32, the sealing device 30 seals the grouting tank 32, and the hoop 29 can further fix the grouting tank 32.

Preferably, in order to realize the full automation of the automatic paving system, the automatic paving device, the stirring mechanism and the automatic feeding mechanism are all connected with the main control system, the paving of the automatic paving device is controlled by the main control system, the stirring time of the stirring mechanism is controlled, and the feeding speed of the automatic feeding mechanism is further controlled.

In order to facilitate the quick and convenient installation of the automatic laying device, the invention designs a targeted installation device which specifically comprises I-shaped steel, wherein the structure of the I-shaped steel is the same as that of the prior art, the I-shaped steel comprises a web plate and flange plates positioned on two sides, the I-shaped steel is arranged on the front side and the rear side of a test chamber, a first sliding wheel and a second sliding wheel are respectively arranged at the flange positions of the I-shaped steel, and when similar simulation materials need to be laid in the test chamber, the automatic laying device is placed at the position of the I-shaped steel of a layer to be laid of the similar materials through an electric hoist at the top of an equipment frame and is installed together with the I-shaped steel.

The deep formation grouting and seepage simulation test method is further described below.

The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test method adopts the deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system and sequentially comprises the following steps:

firstly, calculating the size and model angle required by a model according to geological conditions to be experimentally simulated, and preparing similar materials according to actual stratums;

secondly, according to the experiment requirement in the first step, determining the position of the spacing column in the model after the size of the model moves, adjusting the position to the position required by the experiment, and fixing the spacing column on the bottom beam of the test chamber by using a bolt;

thirdly, erecting I-steel baffles at the front side and the rear side from the bottom of the test chamber upwards, paving similar materials by an automatic paving device, uniformly paving mica powder among simulated rock stratums for layering by using materials with different proportions according to requirements, and installing first baffles 4 at the front and the rear of the test chamber after paving;

fourthly, after the model is laid, placing a rock stratum flexible loading device at the top of the test bin model, adjusting a first telescopic oil cylinder, putting down the counterforce beam, and fixing the counterforce beam with the left baffle plate, the right baffle plate and the middle isolation column of the test bin respectively by using bolts;

fifthly, pressurizing the flexible loading device by using a loading mechanism;

sixthly, operating a second telescopic oil cylinder to adjust the angle of the test bin, and adjusting the inclination angle of the test bin to be consistent with the required coal seam inclination angle;

seventhly, after the similar materials are solidified, gradually removing the front and rear first baffle plates until the model meets the excavation requirement;

eighthly, excavating the model from the rear side of the test bin by adopting a model excavating device, monitoring deformation and damage of the overlying rock stratum, and determining the space position of the separation layer;

ninthly, arranging grouting drill holes and grouting pipes at the top of the model, and connecting the grouting pipes with the grouting holes; and (4) preparing the obtained slurry by the grouting device, grouting the separation space, and monitoring the flowing state of the slurry.

In conclusion, the method can restore the overburden bed separation and the grouting evolution under the actual geological condition, and provides technical support for researching the overburden bed separation evolution and the slurry seepage rule.

The parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by taking the prior art as reference.

It is intended that any equivalents, or obvious variations, which may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein, be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a deep stratum slip casting and seepage flow analogue test system which characterized in that: the device comprises an equipment frame, a rock stratum flexible loading device, a test bin, an automatic laying device, a similar material preparing and conveying device, a grouting device and a mounting device;

the test chamber is positioned in the equipment frame and comprises a bottom beam, a left baffle, a right baffle, a middle isolation column and a counter-force beam;

the bottom beam is respectively fixedly connected with the left baffle and the right baffle, a second telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in the direction perpendicular to the bottom beam, an oil cylinder support is arranged on the top beam of the equipment frame, the bottom of the second telescopic oil cylinder is hinged with the oil cylinder support, a base is arranged on the left side of the bottom beam, and the top of the second telescopic oil cylinder is hinged with the base; the right bottom of the test bin is welded on a base of the equipment frame through a hinged base; the angle of the test bin can be adjusted within a certain range by adjusting the second telescopic oil cylinder;

the middle isolation column is arranged in the inner space of the test chamber and can slide left and right along the bottom beam, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the bottom beam and the middle isolation column, and the middle isolation column is matched with the first through holes through bolts to fix the middle isolation column and the bottom beam after sliding to a proper position;

a first telescopic oil cylinder is arranged on the outer side of a left upright post of the equipment frame, the top of the first telescopic oil cylinder is connected with a steel wire rope by adopting a fixed pulley, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the counter-force beam; when the first telescopic oil cylinder is telescopic, the reaction beam can descend or ascend;

a plurality of electric hoists are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the top beam of the equipment frame;

the automatic laying device comprises an integrated hopper, a sliding mechanism, an air cylinder, a leveling and tamping mechanism and a master control platform;

the integrated hopper comprises a hopper body, the cross-sectional area of the hopper body is sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the top of the hopper body is provided with a feeding hole, and the bottom of the hopper body is provided with a discharging hole;

the sliding mechanism comprises a first sliding wheel, a second sliding wheel and a hollow right-angle speed reducer which is used for driving and controlling the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel to slide;

the side part of the hopper body is provided with a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are respectively provided with a first sliding wheel and a second sliding wheel, the mounting heights of the two first sliding wheels and the two second sliding wheels are the same, and the hollow right-angle speed reducer is mounted on the outer sides of the first sliding wheels and the second sliding wheels on one side of the first connecting plate and used for controlling and realizing the rotation of the two first sliding wheels and the two second sliding wheels;

a support frame perpendicular to the second connecting plate is further arranged on the second connecting plate;

one end of the cylinder is connected with an air pump station, the other end of the cylinder is connected with a hinged plate, the hinged plate is connected with a baffle plate, the cylinder supports the hinged plate through the support frame, the shape and the size of the baffle plate are matched with those of the discharge hole, the air pump station provides power to control the cylinder and enable the cylinder to penetrate through the support frame to be pushed or pushed towards the direction of the discharge hole, and the pushing of the cylinder towards the direction of the discharge hole are controlled to control the discharge speed of the discharge hole;

the shoveling and tamping mechanism comprises a shoveling and tamping plate and a mounting structure, the shoveling and tamping plate comprises a first plate and a second plate, the first plate is mounted behind the discharge port through the mounting structure and is mounted in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first sliding wheel and the sliding direction of the second sliding wheel, the second plate is connected below the first plate and is perpendicular to the first plate, and after similar materials are discharged from the discharge port, the similar materials are shoveled and tamped through the second plate; a plurality of round holes are vertically formed in the first plate, the mounting structure comprises fixing screws matched with the round holes, and the height of the leveling tamping plate can be adjusted by adjusting the mounting positions of the round holes;

the bottom of the second plate is also provided with a pressure sensor which is connected to the master control table through a data line;

the similar material preparation and conveying device is used for conveying similar materials into the hopper body;

the mounting device is used for mounting the automatic laying device and comprises I-shaped steel, the I-shaped steel is mounted on the front side and the rear side of the test bin, the first sliding wheel and the second sliding wheel are mounted on the flange positions of the I-shaped steel respectively, and when similar simulation materials need to be laid in the test bin, the automatic laying device is placed at the position of the I-shaped steel through an electric hoist at the top of the equipment frame and is mounted together with the I-shaped steel.

2. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the middle isolation column is provided with a roller, the bottom beam is provided with a slide rail matched with the roller, and the middle isolation column slides left and right in the test chamber through the matching of the roller and the slide rail.

3. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the effective length of the test chamber is 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, 4000mm, 4500mm and 5000mm, and the middle isolation column is a hollow square pipe fitting with the size of 400mm multiplied by 1500mm multiplied by 500 mm.

4. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a plurality of second through holes are formed in the two sides of the left baffle, the right baffle and the middle isolation column.

5. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the second telescopic oil cylinder is fixed on a hydraulic cylinder welding seat, and the hydraulic steel welding seat is fixed on an equipment frame base.

6. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flexible rock stratum loading device comprises a flexible air bag, the flexible air bag consists of a plurality of independently loaded air bag bodies, and each air bag body is connected with an independent constant pressure control pump.

7. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the first plate is the same as that of the second plate, and the width of the second plate is 10-20 cm.

8. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the support frame comprises four support rods arranged in a frame shape, one end of each support rod is connected to the second connecting plate, the other end of each support rod is connected with a square frame, the air cylinder is installed on the square frame, and the extending end of the air cylinder penetrates through the support frame to push the support frame to the lower portion of the discharge port.

9. The deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the similar material preparing and conveying device comprises a feeding hose, the similar material is conveyed to the integrated hopper through the feeding hose, one end of the feeding hose is connected with the slurry preparing and conveying device, the other end of the feeding hose is positioned above the integrated hopper, the feeding hose near the integrated hopper is fixed through a fixing piece, the fixing piece comprises a long and thin steel bar, holes are formed in the long and thin steel bar, the long and thin steel bar is installed on a right upright post of an equipment frame, a plurality of buckles are fixedly arranged on the long and thin steel bar, a fixing rod is erected to the test bin through each buckle, a hollow iron plate is installed at the upper part of the other end of the fixing rod, the iron plate is fixed at the end part of the fixing rod through bolts, and the feeding hose near the integrated hopper penetrates through the iron plate and is fixed on the fixing rod, the discharge port end of the feeding hose is arranged right above the integration hopper, and when the integration hopper slides, the feeding hose moves along with the integration hopper under the action of the fixing piece.

10. A deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test method is characterized in that the deep rock stratum grouting and seepage simulation test system of claim 1 is adopted, and the method sequentially comprises the following steps:

firstly, calculating the size and model angle required by a model according to geological conditions to be experimentally simulated, and preparing similar materials according to actual stratums;

secondly, determining the size of the model, moving the position of the spacing column in the process, adjusting the position to an experiment required position, and fixing the position;

thirdly, erecting I-steel baffles at the front side and the rear side from the bottom of the test chamber upwards, paving similar materials by an automatic paving device, uniformly paving mica powder among simulated rock stratums for layering by using materials with different proportions according to requirements, and installing first baffles at the front and the rear of the test chamber after paving;

fourthly, after the model is laid, placing a rock stratum flexible loading device at the top of the test bin model, adjusting a first telescopic oil cylinder, putting down the counterforce beam, and fixing the counterforce beam with the left baffle plate, the right baffle plate and the middle isolation column of the test bin respectively by using bolts;

fifthly, pressurizing the flexible loading device by using a loading mechanism;

sixthly, operating a second telescopic oil cylinder to adjust the angle of the test bin, and adjusting the inclination angle of the test bin to be consistent with the required coal bed inclination angle;

seventhly, after the similar materials are solidified, gradually removing the front and rear first baffle plates until the model meets the excavation requirement;

eighthly, excavating the model from the rear side of the test bin by adopting a model excavating device, monitoring deformation and damage of the overlying rock stratum, and determining the space position of the separation layer;

ninth, arranging a grouting drill hole and a grouting pipe at the top of the model, and connecting the grouting pipe with the grouting hole; and (4) preparing the obtained slurry by the grouting device, grouting the separation space, and monitoring the flowing state of the slurry.

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