CN115097104B - Simulation test system and test method for horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration - Google Patents
Simulation test system and test method for horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration Download PDFInfo
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- CN115097104B CN115097104B CN202210746325.9A CN202210746325A CN115097104B CN 115097104 B CN115097104 B CN 115097104B CN 202210746325 A CN202210746325 A CN 202210746325A CN 115097104 B CN115097104 B CN 115097104B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation test system and a simulation test method for horizontal well cavity excitation pressure relief and fluid migration, wherein the simulation test system comprises a horizontal well cavity excitation pressure relief platform, a stress strain and fluid field monitoring system and a control and information acquisition platform; the control and information acquisition platform is simultaneously communicated with the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform and the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system, and the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform constructs experimental conditions of pulsating excitation pressure relief in the coal in-situ coalbed methane development process, and the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system dynamically monitors the horizontal well expansion rule in the experiment and the time-space evolution rule of the stress strain in the excitation pressure relief process and dynamically monitors the flow state of the complex seepage field and the horizontal well section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation test system and a simulation test method for horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration, and belongs to the field of coalbed methane exploitation.
Background
The extensive development of the structural coal and the enrichment of the structural coal-bed gas resources are remarkable characteristics of the Chinese coal and the coal-bed gas resources, the structural coal resources are very high in proportion to the found coal resources in China, and the structural coal-bed gas resources are larger in proportion to the total amount of the coal-bed gas resources in China. The structural coal has the outstanding characteristics of rich gas, low permeability, softness and the like, most of the structural coal is coal and gas outstanding coal beds, and most of the structural coal is discharged into the atmosphere due to great harm and difficult extraction and utilization in coal mine production, so that the structural coal has outstanding energy, safety and ecological significance in efficient development of the coal bed gas.
The hydrophobic depressurization desorption gas production theory is a theoretical foundation for developing the ground well of the coal bed gas in situ at present, and is not suitable for constructing the coal reservoir because of extremely low permeability of the constructed coal reservoir, poor hydraulic fracturing and other transformation modes, and exploration and development practices also show that the coal bed gas exploration and development technology based on the hydrophobic depressurization desorption gas production theory foundation cannot realize the efficient development of the constructed coal bed gas, including SVR technology series (vertical well fracturing, U-shaped well, multi-branch horizontal well, horizontal well fracturing and the like), ECBM technology series (CO 2-ECBM, N2-ECBM and the like) and composite technologies thereof. The construction of the coal gas efficient exploration and development technology and equipment also becomes one of the important technical bottlenecks for restricting the rapid large-scale development of the China coal bed gas industry. Therefore, a new way is required to be developed, a horizontal well cave pressure relief desorption gas production theory suitable for high-efficiency development of the coal seam gas is developed, a simulation experiment device based on the theory foundation and a high-efficiency exploration and development technology of the coal seam gas in situ are simultaneously developed, and the method has important theoretical and practical production guidance significance for breaking the bottleneck of the high-efficiency development technology of the coal seam gas ground well of the structured coal in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation test system and a simulation test method for horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration, which are used for carrying out related experiments for simulating horizontal well cave building and pulsating excitation pressure relief, and realizing the expansion rule of a horizontal well in the process of constructing coal in-situ coalbed methane, the time-space evolution rule of stress strain in the process of excitation pressure relief, and the dynamic monitoring of the flow state of a complex seepage field and a horizontal well section.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a simulation test system for horizontal well cavity excitation pressure relief and fluid migration comprises a horizontal well cavity excitation pressure relief platform, a stress strain and fluid field monitoring system and a control and information acquisition platform;
the control and information acquisition platform is simultaneously communicated with the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform and the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system, the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform constructs experimental conditions of pulsating excitation pressure relief in the coal in-situ coalbed methane development process through instructions sent by the control and information acquisition platform, the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system dynamically monitors the horizontal well expansion rule in the experiment and the time-space evolution rule of the stress strain in the excitation pressure relief process through instructions sent by the control and information acquisition platform, and meanwhile, the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system transmits the acquired time-space evolution rule information to the control and information acquisition platform;
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform comprises a sealed skeleton model, a pulsating high-pressure jet power system and a high-pressure telescopic injection system;
the sealed framework model comprises a model box body, wherein the model box body is filled with coal-based stratum similar materials, and a guide pipe is arranged in the model box body;
the pulsation type high-pressure jet power system comprises a water tank, a liquid level sensor, a high-pressure plunger metering pump, a first electric ball valve, a safety valve and a pressure sensor,
the water inlet of the water tank is communicated with the water tap through a high-pressure pipeline, a first electromagnetic ball valve is arranged between the water inlet and the water tap, meanwhile, a liquid level sensor is arranged in the water tank, the water outlet of the water tank is communicated with the front end of a high-pressure plunger metering pump through a high-pressure hard pipe, the rear section of the high-pressure plunger metering pump is connected with one end of a safety valve through the high-pressure hard pipe, a pressure release outlet of the safety valve is connected with the water tank, when the pressure is exceeded, the pressure can be directly released to the water tank, the outlet end of the safety valve is connected with the rear end of a second electromagnetic ball valve through a high-pressure pipeline, and the front end of the second electromagnetic ball valve is connected with one end of the pressure sensor;
the water pump motor of the high-pressure plunger metering pump is communicated with the control and information acquisition platform;
The other end of the pressure sensor is communicated with a high-pressure telescopic injection system; one end of the pressure sensor is connected with the second electromagnetic ball valve through a high-pressure pipeline, and the other end of the pressure sensor is communicated with the high-pressure telescopic injection system through a high-pressure hose;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the high-pressure telescopic injection system includes a second stepping motor, a hose reel, a screw, a slide table, a movable nozzle, and a variable direction nozzle,
the screw rod is connected to the linear slide rail, the screw rod can slide relative to the linear slide rail, a sliding table is arranged at the end part of the screw rod through a thread or ball structure, a movable spray pipe is fixed on the surface of the sliding table, and a direction-changeable spray head is connected to the front end of the movable spray pipe through a thread;
the second stepping motor is connected with a lead screw through a coupler;
the tail end of the movable spray pipe is communicated with the other end of the pressure sensor through a high-pressure hose;
the direction-changeable spray head is opposite to the inlet of the guide pipe in the model box body;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the high-pressure telescopic injection system further includes a first stepping motor and a hose reel, the hose reel is wound with a high-pressure hose, and the release and recovery of the high-pressure hose on the hose reel are achieved by the start and stop of the first stepping motor;
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, stoppers are respectively installed at positions on the linear slide rail near both ends, each stopper being matched with a touch sensor;
a displacement sensor is arranged at the tail end of the sliding table;
the tail end of the movable spray pipe, which is connected with the sliding table, is provided with a balancing weight;
a fixed bracket is arranged at the position of the linear slide rail close to the tail end of the movable spray pipe, and the fixed bracket is arranged on a limiter positioned at the tail end;
the spray pipe stabilizer is arranged at the position of the movable spray pipe close to the spraying part and at the bottom of the linear slide rail close to the movable spray pipe;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the stress-strain and fluid field monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber sensing system, a static stress-strain test analysis system, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system and a camera system,
a preformed hole is formed in the model box body, a sealed framework model interface is formed in the model box body, an armored optical cable or a cable is reserved in the sealed framework model interface, and the reserved armored optical cable or cable extends to the outside of the model box body;
the static stress strain test analysis system comprises a static stress strain tester and a plurality of soil pressure boxes, wherein the soil pressure boxes are connected in series through signal transmission wires to form a series structure, and the signal transmission wires of the series structure are communicated with the static stress strain tester through armored optical cables or cables reserved at a sealed skeleton model interface;
The distributed optical fiber sensing system comprises an optical fiber strain demodulator, the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system comprises a DAS modem, sensing optical fibers are contained in the distributed optical fiber sensing system and the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system, the sensing optical fibers are coiled into optical fiber rings and buried in a model box body, and the sensing optical fibers are simultaneously communicated with the optical fiber strain demodulator and the DAS modem through armored optical cables or cables reserved in a sealed framework model interface;
the camera shooting system comprises a high-speed high-definition camera and an endoscope, wherein a lens of the endoscope is arranged at the inner wall of the reserved hole, and the tail end of the endoscope is communicated with the high-speed high-definition camera;
the optical front strain demodulator, the static stress strain tester, the DAS modem and the high-speed high-definition camera are simultaneously communicated with the control and information acquisition platform;
as a further preferable mode of the invention, the total length of the optical fiber ring formed by the sensing optical fiber is 1m, and the diameter is smaller than 100mm;
according to the test method of the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration simulation test system, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step0: in the model box body, manufacturing a top plate and a bottom plate similar material according to a similar material principle, filling coal-based stratum similar material in the model box body, and arranging a serial structure formed by connecting a plurality of soil pressure boxes in series through signal transmission wires and sensing optical fibers coiled into optical fiber rings in the model box body when the coal-based stratum similar material is paved, wherein the serial structure and the optical fiber rings are led to the outside of the model box body through armored optical cables or cable integrated circuits;
Step1: connecting a signal transmission wire of the soil pressure box with a static stress strain tester by using a wiring terminal, connecting an optical fiber strain demodulator and a DAS modem by using a jumper welding mode, and transmitting demodulation signals to a control and information acquisition platform;
step2: opening a valve at a water inlet, powering up the system, enabling a control and information acquisition platform to receive an experiment starting command, opening a first electromagnetic ball valve, starting water supply, automatically sending a closing command to the first electromagnetic ball valve when a liquid level sensor reaches a preset upper limit water level, continuously monitoring a liquid level sensor signal in a water tank by the system, automatically sending an opening command to the first electromagnetic ball valve when the liquid level in the water tank is lower than 1/3 of the height of a tank body in a full range of the water tank, opening the first electromagnetic ball valve, and filling water into the water tank;
step3: the experimental conditions are preset, and the setting contents comprise: the working state of the high-pressure plunger metering pump, the working mode of the second electromagnetic ball valve, the set value is transmitted to the water pump motor and the second electromagnetic ball valve through RS485 communication of control and information collection, and the working mode is preset through adjusting the rotating speed of the water pump motor and the control system of the second electromagnetic ball valve;
Step4: the control and information acquisition platform monitors signals fed back by the pressure sensor in real time, so that automatic monitoring of water injection pressure is realized; meanwhile, the safety valve continuously works, when the pressure in the pipeline exceeds the preset safety pressure in the closed state of the second electromagnetic ball valve, the pressure relief valve of the safety valve is opened, and the liquid exceeding the pressure is conducted to the inside of the water tank again through the pipeline connected with the water tank;
step5: after the water tank debugging and experimental condition presetting are completed, the system is started to run sequentially, and the movable spray pipe is moved forwards and backwards through the control and information acquisition platform; after the forward or backward instruction is sent, the control and information acquisition platform respectively sends a rotation instruction to the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor according to the displacement, so that synchronous operation of hose release and movable spray pipe movement is realized.
Step6: when the sliding table contacts a limiter close to the direction-changeable spray head, the sliding table is regarded as reaching a limiting position, a touch sensor matched with the limiter transmits a signal to the information acquisition platform, the sliding table reaches the upper limit of displacement setting, and an overrun direction button automatically changes ash to be locked;
step7: the sliding table starts to move from a limiter positioned at the tail part of the movable spray pipe, when the displacement sensor records that the direction-changeable spray head enters a preset position in the simulated stratum, the control and signal acquisition platform is manually operated to transmit a control signal to trigger the water pump motor, and meanwhile, the second electromagnetic ball valve operates according to a preset working mode to start spraying;
Step8: in the spraying process, every 20cm of the sliding table advances, the second stepping motor stops for 1 minute to 30 minutes, then the sliding table repeatedly advances for 8 times, and the sliding table moves for 1.6m towards the direction of the guide tube;
step9: after the repeated forward movement is finished, the experiment is finished through a man-machine system of the control and signal acquisition platform, at the moment, the high-pressure plunger metering pump and the second electromagnetic ball valve are closed, meanwhile, the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are reversely rotated at the same time and return to a touch sensor positioned at a limiter at the tail part of the movable spray pipe, and then the experiment is automatically stopped, and the main experiment of the system is finished;
as a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in Step2, the upper limit water level preset by the level sensor is 90% of the total capacity of the tank;
in Step3, the set working state of the high-pressure plunger metering pump includes the outlet water pressure and the outlet water flow value, and the working mode of the second electromagnetic ball valve includes two modes, wherein the first mode is: starting every 30s-60s, and starting the second electromagnetic ball valve every time to run for 5s-30s; the second mode is: normally open/normally closed;
in Step4, the preset safety pressure is 20MPa;
in Step7, the distance of movement of the direction-variable spray head is required to include the distance between the direction-variable spray head and the inlet of the guide tube of the mold box body.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention injects high-pressure and high-speed water flow in a set mode through the provided pulsation type high-pressure jet power system, and simultaneously monitors and controls the parameters of water pressure, flow and injection mode in real time;
2. according to the high-pressure telescopic injection system, high-pressure and high-speed water flow is conveyed into the coal-series stratum similar material model, and the injection direction of the water flow in the model can be adjusted;
3. the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system provided by the invention can monitor the stress strain of the model in the simulation test.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram of a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a showerhead body according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1.1 1.2 is a water tank, 1.3 is a liquid level sensor, 1.4 is a water pump motor, 1.5 is a high-pressure plunger metering pump, 1.6 is a safety valve, 1.7 is a second electromagnetic ball valve, 1.8 is a pressure sensor, and 1.9 is a water inlet;
2.1 is a hose winch, 2.2 is a first stepping motor, 2.3 is a second stepping motor, 2.4 is a left limiter, 2.5 is a linear slide rail, 2.6 is a balancing weight, 2.7 is a sliding table, 2.8 is a movable spray pipe, 2.9 is a spray pipe stabilizer, 2.10 is a right limiter, and 2.11 is a direction-changeable spray head;
3.1 is a soil pressure box, 3.2 is a signal transmission wire, 3.3 is a sensing optical fiber, 3.4 is an armored optical cable or a cable integrated circuit, 3.5 is an optical fiber strain demodulator, 3.6 is a DAS modem, 3.7 is a static stress strain tester, 3.8 is a high-speed high-definition camera, and 3.9 is an endoscope;
4.1 is a control and information acquisition platform;
1 is a first ratchet wheel, 2 is a second ratchet wheel, 3 is a first inner sleeve, 4 is a second inner sleeve, and 5 is an outer sleeve.
Detailed Description
The application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "upper", "lower", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and "first", "second", etc. do not indicate the importance of the components, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present application. The specific dimensions adopted in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application.
The application aims to provide a simulation test system for horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration, which is used for carrying out related experiments for simulating horizontal well cave building and pulsating excitation pressure relief, and realizing the expansion rule of a horizontal well in the process of constructing coal in-situ coalbed methane and the time-space evolution rule of stress strain in the process of excitation pressure relief, and the dynamic monitoring of the flow state of a complex seepage field and a horizontal well section. The functional positioning is a carrier and a test platform for constructing the technical innovation of the coal bed gas exploration and development theory, and is also a scientific research instrument indispensable for constructing the coal bed gas development equipment.
That is, the system provided by the application comprises a horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform, a stress strain and fluid field monitoring system and a control and information acquisition platform 4.1; the control and information acquisition platform is simultaneously communicated with the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform and the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system, the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform constructs experimental conditions of pulsed excitation pressure relief in the coal in-situ coalbed methane development process through instructions sent by the control and information acquisition platform, the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system dynamically monitors the horizontal well expansion rule in the experiment and the time-space evolution rule of the stress strain in the excitation pressure relief process through instructions sent by the control and information acquisition platform, and meanwhile, the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system transmits the acquired time-space evolution rule information to the control and information acquisition platform.
Next, each part in the system is described in detail, and the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform comprises a seal skeleton model, a pulsating high-pressure jet power system and a high-pressure telescopic jet system; the sealed framework model comprises a model box body, wherein coal-series stratum similar materials are filled in the model box body, guide pipes are arranged in the model box body, and two sides of each guide pipe are provided with roof-base plate similar materials;
the pulsation type high-pressure jet power system comprises a water tank 1.2, a liquid level sensor 1.3, a high-pressure plunger metering pump 1.5, a first electric ball valve, a safety valve 1.6 and a pressure sensor 1.8, wherein a water inlet of the water tank is communicated with a water faucet through a high-pressure pipeline, the first electromagnetic ball valve 1.1 is arranged between the water inlet and the water faucet and used for controlling the opening and closing of the pipeline, meanwhile, the liquid level sensor is arranged in the water tank, the liquid level change in the water tank is monitored in real time, a water outlet of the water tank is communicated with the front end of the high-pressure plunger metering pump through a high-pressure hard pipe, the rear section of the high-pressure plunger metering pump is connected with one end of the safety valve through a high-pressure hard pipe, a pressure release outlet of the safety valve is connected with the water tank, when in overpressure, the pressure can be directly released to the water tank, an outlet end of the safety valve is connected with the rear end of a second electromagnetic ball valve 1.7 through a high-pressure pipeline, and the front end of the second electromagnetic ball valve is connected with one end of the pressure sensor; the water pump motor 1.4 of the high-pressure plunger metering pump is communicated with the control and information acquisition platform; injecting water with set pressure or flow rate into the coal measure stratum similar material model geologic body through the high-pressure plunger metering pump, regulating the pressure and flow rate of the injected water in the pipeline through controlling the rotating speed of the motor of the high-pressure plunger metering pump, communicating the front end of the high-pressure plunger metering pump with the water tank, and providing a water source through the water tank;
The other end of the pressure sensor is communicated with a high-pressure telescopic injection system; one end of the pressure sensor is connected with the second electromagnetic ball valve through a high-pressure pipeline, and the other end of the pressure sensor is communicated with the high-pressure telescopic injection system through a high-pressure hose; when the pressure in the pipeline is higher than the set safety pressure, draining water to the water tank, ensuring that the pressure in the pipeline is controlled within a safety range, and measuring the water flow pressure entering the high-pressure telescopic injection system with high precision by the pressure sensor; the second electromagnetic ball valve is matched with the high-pressure plunger metering pump, and the pulsation injection of high-pressure water flow is realized by controlling the second electromagnetic ball valve to be opened and closed at a certain frequency.
The high-pressure telescopic injection system comprises a second stepping motor 2.3, a hose winch 2.1, a screw rod, a sliding table 2.7, a movable spray pipe 2.8 and a direction-variable spray nozzle 2.11, wherein the screw rod is connected to the linear slide rail 2.5, the screw rod can slide relative to the linear slide rail, the sliding table is arranged at the end part of the screw rod through a thread or ball structure, the movable spray pipe is fixed on the surface of the sliding table 2.7, and the direction-variable spray nozzle is connected to the front end of the movable spray pipe through a thread; the second stepping motor is connected with the lead screw through a coupler, is a numerical control stepping motor and provides power for the high-pressure telescopic injection system, and the second stepping motor drives the linear slide rail and the lead screw to move forwards or retract at a set speed so as to drive the movable spray pipe to move; the tail end of the movable spray pipe is communicated with the other end of the pressure sensor through a high-pressure hose; the direction-changeable spray head is opposite to the inlet of the guide pipe in the model box body.
The two ends of the linear sliding rail are respectively provided with a limiter, each limiter is matched with a touch sensor, when the pressure of the touch sensor at the limiter exceeds a static range, signals are automatically transmitted to the control and information acquisition platform, the first stepping motor 2.2 and the second stepping motor are stopped at the same time, the movable spray pipe stops moving, the hose stops retracting and releasing actions, and the phenomenon that the moving distance of the movable spray pipe is over-limited is avoided; and a displacement sensor is arranged at the tail end of the sliding table, the moving distance of the movable spray pipe is monitored, and the displacement distance of the sliding table is fed back in real time.
The high-pressure telescopic injection system further comprises a first stepping motor and a hose winch, the hose winch is wound with a high-pressure hose, the hose can be tightly fixed on the hose winch, the high-pressure hose on the hose winch is released and recovered through the starting and stopping of the first stepping motor, and the situation that the stability of the system is affected due to the fact that the hose is stacked and wound in the telescopic process is avoided. The second stepping motor rotates data and needs to be transmitted back to the control and information acquisition platform, and the length of the hose needing to be released is transmitted to the first stepping motor after calculation, so that the hose with the same length is released while the movable spray pipe moves forwards.
Because the lengths of the front water pipe and the rear water pipe of the sliding table are different, a balancing weight 2.6 is arranged at the tail end position of the movable spray pipe connected with the sliding table and used for balancing the front and rear balancing weights of the movable spray pipe, so that the movable spray pipe is ensured to stably stretch;
the linear sliding rail is provided with a fixed bracket at a position close to the tail end of the movable spray pipe, the fixed bracket is arranged on a limiter positioned at the tail end and used for guiding the telescopic direction of the spray pipe, so that the balance stability of the water pipe in the spraying process is realized, the limit limiter is matched to realize the control of the moving distance of the sliding block, and the situation that the displacement distance exceeds the limit is avoided; the nozzle stabilizer 2.9 is arranged at the position of the movable nozzle close to the spraying part and the bottom of the linear sliding rail close to the movable nozzle, and is also used for keeping the stability of the structure during the spraying of the spray head.
In the application, the stress-strain and fluid field monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber sensing system, a static stress-strain test analysis system, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system and a camera system,
a preformed hole is formed in the model box body, a sealed framework model interface is formed in the model box body, an armored optical cable or a cable is reserved in the sealed framework model interface, and the reserved armored optical cable or cable extends to the outside of the model box body;
The static stress strain test analysis system monitors the stress strain of a coal measure strata similar material model geologic body based on a static stress strain test method, and comprises a static stress strain tester 3.7 and a plurality of soil pressure boxes 3.1, wherein the soil pressure boxes are connected in series through signal transmission wires 3.2 to form a series structure, the signal transmission wires of the series structure are communicated with the static stress strain tester through armored optical cables or cables reserved in a sealing skeleton model interface, and the signal transmission wires are connected with the armored optical cables or cables reserved in the sealing skeleton model interface in a jumper manner;
the distributed optical fiber sensing system is based on PPP-BOTDA technology and comprises an optical fiber strain demodulator (3.5), the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system comprises a DAS modem (data acquisition system) 3.6, sensing optical fibers (3.3) are contained in the distributed optical fiber sensing system and the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system, the sensing optical fibers are coiled into optical fiber rings, the total length of the optical fiber rings formed by the sensing optical fibers is 1m, the diameter is smaller than 100mm, the optical fiber rings are buried in a model box body, the sensing optical fibers are simultaneously communicated with the optical fiber strain demodulator and the DAS modem through armored optical cables or cables reserved in a sealing skeleton model interface, and the sensing optical fibers are welded with the armored optical cables or cables reserved in the sealing skeleton model interface through jumpers;
The camera shooting system comprises a high-speed high-definition camera 3.8 and an endoscope 3.9, wherein a lens of the endoscope is arranged at the inner wall of the reserved hole, and the tail end of the endoscope is communicated with the high-speed high-definition camera;
the optical front strain demodulator, the static stress strain tester, the DAS modem and the high-speed high-definition camera are simultaneously communicated with the control and information acquisition platform.
In the application, the control and information acquisition platform is used for sending and receiving instructions and mainly comprises an equipment information acquisition, communication and automation control system, and technical equipment mainly comprises a sensor, a field workstation and a central server control system, wherein the network architecture and software of the three layers are provided. The platform is based on a high-precision sensor technology, and by establishing a three-layer network architecture of a sensor, a field workstation and a central server control system and applying configuration analysis software and an Internet of things sensing technology, a data acquisition and monitoring system of 'accurate, visual, interactive, quick and intelligent' is formed, the operation condition of technical equipment and the implementation process of a constructed coal in-situ coalbed methane horizontal well cave pressure relief development technology are detected and controlled in real time, and engineering data acquisition, display and processing analysis are realized.
Finally, the application also provides a test method of the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration simulation test system, which comprises the following steps:
step0: in the model box body, manufacturing a top plate and a bottom plate similar material according to a similar material principle, filling coal-based stratum similar material in the model box body, arranging a serial structure formed by connecting a plurality of soil pressure boxes in series through signal transmission wires and sensing optical fibers coiled into optical fiber rings in the model box body when paving the coal-based stratum similar material, wherein the serial structure and the optical fiber rings are led to the outside of the model box body through armored optical cables or cable integrated circuits 3.4;
step1: connecting a signal transmission wire of the soil pressure box with a static stress strain tester by using a wiring terminal, connecting an optical fiber strain demodulator and a DAS modem by using a jumper welding mode, and transmitting demodulation signals to a control and information acquisition platform;
step2: opening a valve at a water inlet 1.9, powering up the system, enabling a control and information acquisition platform to receive an experiment starting command, opening a first electromagnetic ball valve, starting to supply water, automatically sending a closing command to the first electromagnetic ball valve when a liquid level sensor reaches a preset upper limit water level (which is 90% of the total capacity of a water tank), simultaneously continuously monitoring a liquid level sensor signal in the water tank by the system, automatically sending an opening command to the first electromagnetic ball valve when the liquid level in the water tank is lower than 1/3 of the height of the tank in a full range of the water tank, opening the first electromagnetic ball valve, and filling water into the water tank;
Step3: the experimental conditions are preset, and the setting contents comprise: the working state of the high-pressure plunger metering pump, the working mode of the second electromagnetic ball valve (mode one is that the valve is started for 30-60 seconds and runs for 5-30 seconds each time, mode two is that the valve is normally open/normally closed), the set value is transmitted to a water pump motor and the second electromagnetic ball valve through RS485 communication of control and information acquisition, and the working mode is preset by adjusting the rotating speed of the water pump motor and a control system of the second electromagnetic ball valve;
step4: the control and information acquisition platform monitors signals fed back by the pressure sensor in real time, so that automatic monitoring of water injection pressure is realized; meanwhile, the safety valve continuously works, when the pressure in the pipeline exceeds the preset safety pressure (20 MPa) in the closed state of the second electromagnetic ball valve, the pressure relief valve of the safety valve is opened, and the liquid exceeding the pressure is conducted to the inside of the water tank again through the pipeline connected with the water tank; the explanation is that the water pump continues to work, so that the pressure is easily held back by the pipeline between the second ball valve and the water pump to generate the condition of exceeding the preset safety pressure;
step5: after the water tank debugging and experimental condition presetting are completed, the system is started to run sequentially, and the movable spray pipe is moved forwards and backwards through the control and information acquisition platform; after the forward or backward instruction is sent, the control and information acquisition platform respectively sends rotation instructions to the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor according to the displacement (different rotation angles of the stepping motors are calculated according to the displacement length and the measured diameters of the linear sliding rail and the hose winch after processing), so that synchronous operation of hose release and movable spray pipe movement is realized.
Step6: the movable distance of the sliding table on the linear sliding rail is smaller than the length of the linear sliding rail, when the sliding table contacts a limiter close to the direction-changeable spray head, the sliding table is regarded as reaching a limiting position, a touch sensor matched with the limiter transmits signals to the information acquisition platform, reaches the upper limit of displacement setting, and an overrun direction button is automatically turned into ash and locked, wherein for convenience of description, as shown in fig. 1, the limiter on the left side is defined as a left limiter 2.4, the limiter on the right side is defined as a right limiter 2.10, namely, when the sliding table contacts the right limiter, the right limiter contact sensor is triggered, at the moment, the right movement button on the control and signal acquisition platform turns into ash, and further operation cannot be performed, so that the conditions that a second stepping motor idles and a hose is separated from a hose winch are avoided;
step7: the sliding table starts to move from a limiter positioned at the tail part of the movable spray pipe, when the displacement sensor records that the direction-changeable spray head enters a preset position in the simulated stratum, the control and signal acquisition platform is manually operated to transmit a control signal to trigger the water pump motor, and meanwhile, the second electromagnetic ball valve operates according to preset water pressure, flow and frequency to start spraying;
Step8: in the spraying process, every 20cm of the sliding table advances, the second stepping motor stops for 1 minute to 30 minutes, then the sliding table repeatedly advances for 8 times, and the sliding table moves for 1.6m towards the direction of the guide tube;
step9: after the repeated forward movement is completed, the experiment is finished through the man-machine system of the control and signal acquisition platform, at the moment, the high-pressure plunger metering pump and the second electromagnetic ball valve are closed, meanwhile, the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are reversely rotated at the same time and return to the touch sensor at the position of the limiter at the tail part of the movable spray pipe, and then the experiment is finished.
The test method can be repeatedly performed, in-situ control (manual) is provided on site, and when the movable spray head enters the guide pipe, the second stepping motor can be started and stopped at any time to control the forward and backward movement by arranging various buttons so as to spray; meanwhile, when the variable frequency loading and unloading are carried out, the punching control in the advancing process also needs to simulate the actual engineering condition.
Finally, regarding the whole test process, the movable spray head can also realize the direction changing function of the spray direction, and a preferred embodiment is provided herein, and the movable spray head comprises a spray head body, a spray cap is sleeved at a spray outlet of the spray head body, and a ratchet drive rod is arranged at the tail end of the spray head body; as shown in fig. 2, the spray head body includes a first ratchet wheel 1, a second ratchet wheel 2, a first inner sleeve 3, a second inner sleeve 4 and an outer sleeve 5, wherein an outer pipe wall at one end of the first inner sleeve is connected with an inner pipe wall at one end of the second inner sleeve, and the second inner sleeve is movable in an axial direction relative to the first inner sleeve; the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the first inner sleeve and the second inner sleeve, and the other end of the first inner sleeve is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the tail end of the second ratchet wheel is integrally connected with one end of the second inner sleeve, the top end of the second ratchet wheel is a circumferential end surface, deep ratchet grooves are symmetrically formed along the circumferential end surface of the second ratchet wheel, shallow ratchet grooves are formed in the protruding portions formed between the adjacent deep ratchet grooves, and the depth of the deep ratchet grooves is larger than that of the shallow ratchet grooves; the ratchet drive rod is arranged at the tail end of the first ratchet, two ratchet bulges are symmetrically arranged on the circumferential wall at the top end of the first ratchet, the top end of the first ratchet and the top end of the second ratchet are oppositely arranged, the first ratchet and the second ratchet are sequentially penetrated at one end of the first inner sleeve, the ratchet drive rod pushes the first ratchet to rotate, and the ratchet bulges of the first ratchet sequentially slide along the deep ratchet groove and the shallow ratchet groove; the circumference wall of the second inner sleeve close to the spray cap is provided with a plurality of inner sleeve spray holes, the circumference wall of the outer sleeve close to the spray cap is also provided with a plurality of outer sleeve spray holes, the inner sides of the outer sleeve spray holes are provided with sealing rubber rings, the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the second inner sleeve, when the ratchet bulge of the first ratchet is positioned in the deep ratchet groove, the outer sleeve spray holes and the second inner sleeve spray holes are concentrically arranged, and when the ratchet bulge of the first ratchet is positioned in the shallow ratchet groove, the outer sleeve spray holes and the second inner sleeve spray holes are separated. That is, in the preferred embodiment, the first ratchet wheel and the second ratchet wheel are matched to rotate to drive the second sleeve to relatively move relative to the outer sleeve, and when the spray holes of the outer sleeve and the spray holes of the second inner sleeve are concentrically arranged, the spray head body enters a radial jet mode; when the outer sleeve spray hole is separated from the second inner sleeve spray hole, the spray head body enters an axial jet mode; the free switching of the high-speed water jet along the horizontal well shaft and the jet perpendicular to the wall of the horizontal well shaft can be realized on the premise of not changing the spray head.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The meaning of "and/or" in the present application means that each exists alone or both exist.
"connected" as used herein means either a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components via other components.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present application as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (5)
1. A simulation test system for horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief and fluid migration is characterized in that: the system comprises a horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform, a stress strain and fluid field monitoring system and a control and information acquisition platform;
the control and information acquisition platform is simultaneously communicated with the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform and the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system, the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform constructs experimental conditions of pulsating excitation pressure relief in the coal in-situ coalbed methane development process through instructions sent by the control and information acquisition platform, the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system dynamically monitors the horizontal well expansion rule in the experiment and the time-space evolution rule of the stress strain in the excitation pressure relief process through instructions sent by the control and information acquisition platform, and meanwhile, the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system transmits the acquired time-space evolution rule information to the control and information acquisition platform;
the horizontal well cave excitation pressure relief platform comprises a sealing framework model, a pulsating high-pressure jet power system and a high-pressure telescopic jet system;
the sealed framework model comprises a model box body, wherein the model box body is filled with coal-based stratum similar materials, and a guide pipe is arranged in the model box body;
The pulsation type high-pressure jet power system comprises a water tank, a liquid level sensor, a high-pressure plunger metering pump, a first electric ball valve, a safety valve and a pressure sensor,
the water inlet of the water tank is communicated with the water tap through a high-pressure pipeline, a first electromagnetic ball valve is arranged between the water inlet and the water tap, meanwhile, a liquid level sensor is arranged in the water tank, the water outlet of the water tank is communicated with the front end of a high-pressure plunger metering pump through a high-pressure hard pipe, the rear end of the high-pressure plunger metering pump is connected with one end of a safety valve through the high-pressure hard pipe, a pressure release outlet of the safety valve is connected with the water tank, when the pressure is exceeded, the pressure can be directly released to the water tank, the outlet end of the safety valve is connected with the rear end of a second electromagnetic ball valve through a high-pressure pipeline, and the front end of the second electromagnetic ball valve is connected with one end of the pressure sensor;
the water pump motor of the high-pressure plunger metering pump is communicated with the control and information acquisition platform;
the other end of the pressure sensor is communicated with a high-pressure telescopic injection system; one end of the pressure sensor is connected with the second electromagnetic ball valve through a high-pressure pipeline, and the other end of the pressure sensor is communicated with the high-pressure telescopic injection system through a high-pressure hose;
the high-pressure telescopic injection system comprises a second stepping motor, a hose winch, a screw rod, a sliding table, a movable spray pipe and a direction-changeable spray head,
The screw rod is connected to the linear slide rail, the screw rod can slide relative to the linear slide rail, a sliding table is arranged at the end part of the screw rod through a thread or ball structure, a movable spray pipe is fixed on the surface of the sliding table, and a direction-changeable spray head is connected to the front end of the movable spray pipe through a thread;
the second stepping motor is connected with a lead screw through a coupler;
the tail end of the movable spray pipe is communicated with the other end of the pressure sensor through a high-pressure hose;
the direction-changeable spray head is opposite to the inlet of the guide pipe in the model box body;
the high-pressure telescopic injection system further comprises a first stepping motor and a hose winch, the hose winch is wound with a high-pressure hose, and the release and recovery of the high-pressure hose on the hose winch are realized through the starting and stopping of the first stepping motor;
the two ends of the linear sliding rail are respectively provided with a limiter, and each limiter is matched with one touch sensor;
a displacement sensor is arranged at the tail end of the sliding table;
the tail end of the movable spray pipe, which is connected with the sliding table, is provided with a balancing weight;
a fixed bracket is arranged at the position of the linear slide rail close to the tail end of the movable spray pipe, and the fixed bracket is arranged on a limiter positioned at the tail end;
the spray pipe stabilizer is arranged at the position of the movable spray pipe close to the spraying part and at the bottom of the linear slide rail close to the movable spray pipe;
The direction-changeable spray head comprises a spray head body, a spray cap is sleeved at a spray outlet of the spray head body, and a ratchet drive rod is arranged at the tail end of the spray head body; the spray head body comprises a first ratchet wheel, a second ratchet wheel, a first inner sleeve, a second inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, wherein the outer pipe wall at one end of the first inner sleeve is connected with the inner pipe wall at one end of the second inner sleeve, and the second inner sleeve is movable relative to the first inner sleeve in the axial direction; the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the first inner sleeve and the second inner sleeve, and the other end of the first inner sleeve is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the tail end of the second ratchet wheel is integrally connected with one end of the second inner sleeve, the top end of the second ratchet wheel is a circumferential end surface, deep ratchet grooves are symmetrically formed along the circumferential end surface of the second ratchet wheel, shallow ratchet grooves are formed in the protruding portions formed between the adjacent deep ratchet grooves, and the depth of the deep ratchet grooves is larger than that of the shallow ratchet grooves; the ratchet drive rod is arranged at the tail end of the first ratchet, two ratchet bulges are symmetrically arranged on the circumferential wall at the top end of the first ratchet, the top end of the first ratchet and the top end of the second ratchet are oppositely arranged, the first ratchet and the second ratchet are sequentially penetrated at one end of the first inner sleeve, the ratchet drive rod pushes the first ratchet to rotate, and the ratchet bulges of the first ratchet sequentially slide along the deep ratchet groove and the shallow ratchet groove; a plurality of inner sleeve spray holes are formed in the circumferential wall, close to the spray cap, of the second inner sleeve, a plurality of outer sleeve spray holes are formed in the circumferential wall, close to the spray cap, of the outer sleeve, sealing rubber rings are arranged on the inner sides of the outer sleeve spray holes, the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the second inner sleeve, when ratchet bulges of the first ratchet wheel are positioned in deep ratchet grooves, the outer sleeve spray holes are concentrically arranged with the second inner sleeve spray holes, and when ratchet bulges of the first ratchet wheel are positioned in shallow ratchet grooves, the outer sleeve spray holes are separated from the second inner sleeve spray holes; the first ratchet wheel and the second ratchet wheel are matched and rotated to drive the second sleeve to relatively move relative to the outer sleeve, and when the outer sleeve spray hole and the second inner sleeve spray hole are concentrically arranged, the spray head body enters a radial jet mode; when the outer sleeve spray hole is separated from the second inner sleeve spray hole, the spray head body enters an axial jet mode; the free switching of the high-speed water jet along the horizontal well shaft and the jet perpendicular to the wall of the horizontal well shaft can be realized on the premise of not changing the spray head.
2. The horizontal well cavern stimulation pressure relief and fluid migration simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein: the stress strain and fluid field monitoring system comprises a distributed optical fiber sensing system, a static stress strain test analysis system, a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system and a camera system,
a preformed hole is formed in the model box body, a sealed framework model interface is formed in the model box body, an armored optical cable or a cable is reserved in the sealed framework model interface, and the reserved armored optical cable or cable extends to the outside of the model box body;
the static stress strain test analysis system comprises a static stress strain tester and a plurality of soil pressure boxes, wherein the soil pressure boxes are connected in series through signal transmission wires to form a series structure, and the signal transmission wires of the series structure are communicated with the static stress strain tester through armored optical cables or cables reserved at a sealed skeleton model interface;
the distributed optical fiber sensing system comprises an optical fiber strain demodulator, the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system comprises a DAS modem, sensing optical fibers are contained in the distributed optical fiber sensing system and the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system, the sensing optical fibers are coiled into optical fiber rings and buried in a model box body, and the sensing optical fibers are simultaneously communicated with the optical fiber strain demodulator and the DAS modem through armored optical cables or cables reserved in a sealed framework model interface;
The camera shooting system comprises a high-speed high-definition camera and an endoscope, wherein a lens of the endoscope is arranged at the inner wall of the reserved hole, and the tail end of the endoscope is communicated with the high-speed high-definition camera;
the optical front strain demodulator, the static stress strain tester, the DAS modem and the high-speed high-definition camera are simultaneously communicated with the control and information acquisition platform.
3. The horizontal well cavern stimulation pressure relief and fluid migration simulation test system according to claim 2, wherein: the total length of the optical fiber ring formed by the sensing optical fiber is 1m, and the diameter is smaller than 100mm.
4. A method of testing a horizontal well cavern stimulation pressure relief and fluid migration simulation test system according to claim 3, wherein: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step0: in the model box body, manufacturing a top plate and a bottom plate similar material according to a similar material principle, filling coal-based stratum similar material in the model box body, and arranging a serial structure formed by connecting a plurality of soil pressure boxes in series through signal transmission wires and sensing optical fibers coiled into optical fiber rings in the model box body when the coal-based stratum similar material is paved, wherein the serial structure and the optical fiber rings are led to the outside of the model box body through armored optical cables or cable integrated circuits;
Step1: connecting a signal transmission wire of the soil pressure box with a static stress strain tester by using a wiring terminal, connecting an optical fiber strain demodulator and a DAS modem by using a jumper welding mode, and transmitting demodulation signals to a control and information acquisition platform;
step2: opening a valve at a water inlet, powering up the system, enabling a control and information acquisition platform to receive an experiment starting command, opening a first electromagnetic ball valve, starting to supply water to a water tank, automatically sending a closing command to the first electromagnetic ball valve when a liquid level sensor reaches a preset upper limit water level, continuously monitoring a liquid level sensor signal in the water tank by the system, automatically sending an opening command to the first electromagnetic ball valve when the liquid level height in the water tank is lower than 1/3 of the height of a tank body in a full range of the water tank, opening the first electromagnetic ball valve, and filling water into the water tank;
step3: the experimental conditions are preset, and the setting contents comprise: the working state of the high-pressure plunger metering pump, the working mode of the second electromagnetic ball valve, the set value is transmitted to the water pump motor and the second electromagnetic ball valve through RS485 communication of the control and information acquisition platform, and the working mode is preset through adjusting the rotating speed of the water pump motor and the control system of the second electromagnetic ball valve;
Step4: the control and information acquisition platform monitors signals fed back by the pressure sensor in real time, so that automatic monitoring of water injection pressure is realized; meanwhile, the safety valve continuously works, when the pressure in the pipeline exceeds the preset safety pressure in the closed state of the second electromagnetic ball valve, the pressure relief valve of the safety valve is opened, and the liquid exceeding the pressure is conducted to the inside of the water tank again through the pipeline connected with the water tank;
step5: after the water tank debugging and experimental condition presetting are completed, the system is started to run sequentially, and the movable spray pipe is moved forwards and backwards through the control and information acquisition platform; after the forward or backward instruction is sent, the control and information acquisition platform respectively sends a rotation instruction to the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor according to the displacement, so that synchronous operation of hose release and movable spray pipe movement is realized;
step6: when the sliding table contacts a limiter close to the direction-changeable spray head, the sliding table is regarded as reaching a limiting position, a touch sensor matched with the limiter transmits a signal to the information acquisition platform, the sliding table reaches the upper limit of displacement setting, and an overrun direction button automatically changes ash to be locked;
step7: the sliding table starts to move from a limiter positioned at the tail part of the movable spray pipe, when the displacement sensor records that the direction-changeable spray head enters a preset position in the simulated stratum, the control and signal acquisition platform is manually operated to transmit a control signal to trigger the water pump motor, and meanwhile, the second electromagnetic ball valve operates according to a preset working mode to start spraying;
Step8: in the spraying process, every 20cm of the sliding table advances, the second stepping motor stops for 1 minute to 30 minutes, then the sliding table repeatedly advances for 8 times, and the sliding table moves for 1.6m towards the direction of the guide tube;
step9: after the repeated forward movement is completed, the experiment is finished through the man-machine system of the control and signal acquisition platform, at the moment, the high-pressure plunger metering pump and the second electromagnetic ball valve are closed, meanwhile, the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are reversely rotated at the same time and return to the touch sensor at the position of the limiter at the tail part of the movable spray pipe, and then the experiment is finished.
5. The method of testing a horizontal well cavern stimulation pressure relief and fluid migration simulation test system according to claim 4, wherein: in Step2, the upper limit water level preset by the liquid level sensor is 90% of the total capacity of the water tank;
in Step3, the set working state of the high-pressure plunger metering pump includes the outlet water pressure and the outlet water flow value, and the working mode of the second electromagnetic ball valve includes two modes, wherein the first mode is: starting every 30s-60s, and starting the second electromagnetic ball valve every time to run for 5s-30s; the second mode is: normally open/normally closed;
in Step4, the preset safety pressure is 20MPa;
in Step7, the distance of movement of the direction-variable spray head is required to include the distance between the direction-variable spray head and the inlet of the guide tube of the mold box body.
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