CN115096260A - A kind of building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system and early warning method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system and an early warning method, wherein the system comprises a connecting piece, a gas cavity, a signal transmitting unit and a signal receiving unit; the gas cavity is of a closed structure, and gas is stored in the internal cavity and used for compressing/expanding the gas and converting the basic settlement caused by the deformation of the earth surface into the change of gas pressure intensity; connecting pieces are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the gas cavity and used for installing the system between the lower surface of the building/structure foundation and the soil layer on the upper surface of the foundation; the signal transmitting unit is used for converting the gas pressure variation into an electric signal; the signal receiving unit is arranged at a far end, receives the electric signal of the signal emitter, quantificationally corrects the signal value, and realizes monitoring and early warning of surface deformation. The system solves the problems that in the prior art, a plurality of reference points need to be arranged to form a settlement observation network, the monitoring procedure is complex, real-time monitoring cannot be completed and the like, can realize real-time monitoring and wireless transmission, and realizes intelligent evaluation and safety early warning of deformation.

Description

A kind of building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system and early warning method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent monitoring of foundation settlement, in particular to a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system and an early warning method.

Background technique

The mining of underground resources, the disturbance of the construction of underground engineering, and the huge crustal movement will cause the soil mass to be squeezed and disturbed, which will deform the surface and cause hidden dangers to the safety of buildings and structures on the surface. my country has huge underground mineral resources and underground space resources, and the surface deformation of buildings (structures) is widespread. Surface subsidence often causes the building/structure foundation and superstructure to generate large shear force, which will lead to building/structure inclination, subsidence, wall cracking or foundation fracture or even collapse, and surface deformation is not instantaneous deformation, so it is possible. Anti-controllable.

During the monitoring process, the staff need to use tools to measure the height of the foundation relative to the ground for many times, and record the data of each measurement. By comparing the values of each measurement, the settlement of the foundation is realized. real-time monitoring. Manual monitoring is obviously inconvenient, with high labor intensity, low measurement efficiency, and inaccurate measurement results.

The existing foundation settlement monitoring technology needs to arrange multiple reference points to form a settlement observation network, and use equipment such as leveling instrument/total station to monitor, the monitoring procedure is complicated, and real-time monitoring cannot be completed. For example, patent CN104264651A discloses a comprehensive test system for horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of roadbed. This monitoring method is complex, using various monitoring equipment such as angle sensor, magnetic field strength sensor, electromagnetic strength indicator, horizontal displacement indicator and settlement magnetic ring. The method is relatively primitive and non-intelligent automation. The data acquisition system, but it still does not have the early warning function, and cannot realize the intelligent evaluation and safety early warning of deformation. Its principle is still the layered settlement magnetic ring method, and the installation is relatively complicated. The accuracy of settlement observation results is affected by the selection of reference points and the installation of settlement pipes. The impact of burial is large, and it is limited by the operation level of personnel and the choice of instruments;

Based on this, the present invention aims to design a settlement monitoring and early warning system with real-time monitoring and wireless transmission.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system and an early warning method. The system solves the existing foundation settlement monitoring technology and needs to arrange multiple reference points to form settlement observation. Network, using level meter/total station and other equipment monitoring, monitoring procedures are complex, and can not complete real-time monitoring and other problems, real-time monitoring, wireless transmission, intelligent evaluation of deformation and safety early warning, so as to avoid accidents.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system, including a connector, a gas cavity, a signal transmitting unit and a signal receiving unit;

The gas cavity is a closed structure, and the gas is stored in the inner cavity for compressing/expanding the gas, and converting the foundation settlement caused by the surface deformation into the gas pressure change;

The connector is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the gas chamber, and is used to install the system between the lower surface of the building/structure foundation and the soil layer on the upper surface of the foundation;

The signal transmitting unit is installed at the bottom of the gas chamber, and includes a varistor, a battery and a signal transmitter, and the three are connected by wires to form a closed loop, which is used to convert the gas pressure change in the gas chamber into an electrical signal ;

The signal receiving unit is installed at the remote end, including a signal receiver and an alarm, for receiving the electrical signal of the signal transmitter, quantifying and correcting the signal value, and realizing the monitoring and early warning of the surface deformation.

Further, the gas chamber includes a container with two ends open, a piston is installed inside the container, a base is installed at the bottom, and a piston limit cover is installed at the upper part, and the two connecting pieces are respectively installed at the top end of the piston and the bottom end of the base. , the connecting piece drives the piston to compress/expand the gas in the gas chamber, and the piston slides relatively in the container.

Further, the connecting piece includes an upper connecting piece and a lower connecting piece, and the upper connecting piece is provided with a round table for increasing the contact area between the connecting piece and the building/structure foundation.

Further, the upper and lower connecting pieces are both expanded body anchor rods, the upper expanded body anchor rod is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the piston, and the lower expanded body anchor rod is installed at the bottom of the base, and both are located in the center of the container, So that the system is not easy to move due to foundation settlement.

Further, the upper and lower connecting pieces are an upper-expanded body anchor rod and a steel flower tube, the upper-expanded body bolt is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the piston, and the steel flower tube is installed at the bottom of the base, and the soil body below the gas cavity is affected. The cement slurry is injected and located in the center of the container, so that the system is not easily moved due to foundation settlement.

Further, the signal transmitting unit is installed in the base of the gas cavity, the base is provided with a hole, and the varistor contacts the inert gas in the container through the hole and seals the hole to ensure the sealing of the container.

Further, a vertical protection rod is arranged between the connecting piece on the upper surface of the gas chamber and the container.

Further, the gas filled in the gas cavity of the system is an inert gas with stable properties, which is used to ensure the safety of the system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of early warning method of building/structure foundation settlement monitoring early warning system, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

S1: Calibrate the instrument of the signal sending-receiving device, and set the range of the device according to the needs of the project;

S2: in the process of building/structure construction, complete the installation of the foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system;

S3: The settlement monitoring unit records the settlement value generated during the construction disturbance as the initial settlement value, and the scale indicated by the meter pointer minus the initial settlement value is the settlement value generated in the building/structure use project;

S4: When the building/structure settles within the allowable range, the system records the settlement value at the moment;

S5: When the settlement value exceeds the preset early warning scale, the pointer triggers the connection of the alarm closed loop, so that the alarm sounds an alarm to realize the early warning of the settlement value.

Further, step S1 calibrates the signal sending-receiving instrument. The specific operation method: after the system is assembled, the position of the piston in the natural state is taken as the original position, and the signal sending-receiving in this state is calibrated as the original point, That is to say, the position pointed by the pointer of the instrument at this time is 0 point; then a certain pressure is applied to the connecting piece, so that the piston moves down x, the gas in the container is compressed, and the pointer of the instrument is offset, and the position pointed to by the pointer at this time is x; By analogy, the instrument is calibrated in a positive direction; in the same way, a certain pulling force is applied to the connecting piece, so that the piston moves up x, the gas in the container is expanded, and the instrument pointer is offset, and the position pointed by the pointer at this time is -x. By analogy, the instrument is calibrated in the negative direction; according to the engineering needs and combined with the upper limit of the system device, the system range is determined based on the above calibration method.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The contact rod is fixed with the lower surface of the building/structure foundation, so that when the building foundation sinks, the contact rod is compressed at the same time, and the piston moves under the drive of the contact rod to compress the gas in the stainless steel container. After the gas is compressed, the pressure increases, The pressure on the varistor becomes larger, the resistance becomes larger, the current in the closed loop becomes smaller, and the signal strength of the signal transmitter decreases; The signal value is quantified and corrected to quantify the sedimentation amount;

2. The connection part with the lower surface of the building/structure foundation and the connection part with the upper surface of the foundation (expanded anchor rod/steel flower tube) are used to fix the system up and down, so that the system does not distort the monitoring results due to external force falling off;

3. The existing settlement observation method is actually limited by the operation level of personnel and the selection of instruments. The integrated monitoring system of the present invention has high accuracy, and the accuracy of settlement observation results is less affected by the selection of reference points;

4. High degree of automation, intelligent network, taking into account the time and space factors of deformation monitoring, strengthen the comprehensive judgment ability of the monitoring system, and realize intelligent evaluation and safety early warning of deformation.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning device according to an embodiment, wherein (a) is embodiment 1, and (b) is embodiment 2;

2 is an exploded view of the components of a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning device according to an embodiment, wherein (a) is embodiment 1, and (b) is embodiment 2;

3 is a perspective view of a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning device according to an embodiment, wherein (a) is embodiment 1, and (b) is embodiment 2;

Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the settlement monitoring and early warning method of the present invention.

Description of reference numbers:

1. Up expansion bolt; 2. Round table; 3. Piston limit cover; 4. Piston; 5. Conductor; 6. Varistor; 7. Hole; 8. Base; 9. Steel flower tube; 10. Battery; 11. Wires; 12. Signal transmitters; 13. Containers; 14. Lower expansion anchors.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system includes a connector, a gas cavity, a signal transmitting unit and a signal receiving unit; the gas cavity is a closed structure, and gas is stored in the internal cavity , for compressing/expanding gas, and converting foundation settlement caused by surface deformation into gas pressure change; the connecting piece is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the gas cavity, and is used to install the system on the lower surface of the building/structure foundation and the soil layer on the upper surface of the foundation; the signal transmitting unit is used to convert the gas pressure change in the gas cavity into an electrical signal; the signal receiving unit is installed at the far end, including a signal receiver and an alarm, with In order to receive the electrical signal of the signal transmitting unit, the signal value is quantified and corrected, so as to realize the monitoring and early warning of the surface deformation.

By adopting the above technical solution, the connector is used to fix the lower surface of the building/structure foundation, so that when the building foundation sinks, the connector is compressed at the same time, and the piston 4 moves under the drive of the connector, compressing the gas in the container 13, the gas After being compressed, the pressure increases, so that the pressure on the varistor 6 increases, the resistance increases, the current in the closed loop decreases, and the signal strength of the signal transmitter 12 decreases. The signal strength received by the remote signal receiver decreases, thereby judging the size of the settlement. At the same time, the signal value can be quantified and corrected through the instrument to quantify the amount of settlement. Based on this, the settlement position of buildings/structures when the surface is deformed can be clarified, and the magnitude of the settlement can be quantified at the same time, the settlement deformation can be monitored in real time, and the effect of monitoring and early warning of the settlement caused by the surface deformation of the buildings/structures can be achieved.

Optionally, the gas in the monitoring part is an inert gas (helium, neon, argon, etc.).

By adopting the above technical solution, the inert gas (helium, neon, argon, etc.) is used for the pressure generated by the settlement of the building foundation. Since the inert gas (helium, neon, argon, etc.) is stable in nature, it is not easy to chemically react with other substances, so as to ensure the pressure inside the container 13. There is no change due to other factors other than settlement, and the inert gas will not explode due to compression/expansion, which ensures the safety of the device.

Specifically, the gas chamber includes a container 13 with two open ends, the container 13 is equipped with a piston 4 inside, a base 8 is installed at the bottom, and a piston limit cover 3 is installed on the upper part. The upper connecting piece drives the piston 4 to compress/expand the gas in the gas chamber, and the piston 4 slides relatively in the container 13 . The container 13 is made of stainless steel.

The lower connector is welded on the lower surface of the device container 13 to ensure a stable connection with the foundation, and the upper connector is welded on the upper surface of the piston 4 in the device container 13 for contact with the building foundation, so that the building foundation can be settled when the building foundation settles. Drive the piston 4 to displace together to ensure a stable connection with the building/structure. Both the end of the connector and the piston 4 are made of rubber material.

In order to ensure that the connecting piece can make the piston 4 travel smoothly when the foundation settles and increase the contact area between the connecting piece and the building/structure foundation, a round table 2 is provided on the upper connecting piece.

The base 8 of the container has a hole 7, and a signal transmitting unit is arranged inside the base 8 of the container. The signal transmitting unit includes a varistor 6, a battery 10 and a signal transmitter 12, a varistor 6, a battery 10 and a signal transmitting unit. The devices 12 are connected by wires 11 to form a closed loop, the varistor 6 is in contact with the inert gas in the container 13 through the hole 7 reserved on the surface of the base 8 of the container, and the varistor 6 fills and reinforces the hole 7 Seal to ensure the tightness of the container 13. Optionally, the battery 10 can lead out the wire 5 to prevent the device from being unavailable due to the power consumption of the battery 10 .

The reinforcing (upper and lower) parts of the connecting piece can all use expanded bolts to achieve reliable connection between the device and the upper surface of the foundation and the lower surface of the building/structure foundation. The upper and lower connectors are respectively the upper expanded body anchor rod 1 and the lower expanded body anchor rod 14, which are respectively welded and fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the gas chamber, and are located at the center of the bottom surface of the container 13, so that the monitoring device is not easily damaged due to foundation settlement. Movement occurs.

The specific implementation working principle of a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: during construction, after the excavation of the foundation pit is completed, the upper part of the foundation at the bottom of the foundation pit is drilled, and then the lower expansion body anchor rod 14 is extended. into the drilled hole. Then the cushion construction is carried out, the device is placed in the soil layer, the up-expanded anchor rod 1 is placed in the foundation during the construction of the building/structure foundation, and the upper surface of the round table 2 is in close contact with the lower surface of the foundation. Before the installation of the device is completed, a protection rod can be set on the upper expansion anchor rod 1, and the lateral protection rod can be laterally clamped on the upper expansion anchor rod and pressed against the upper part of the container, or the vertical protection rod can be sleeved outside the upper expansion anchor rod 1 , play a supporting role to ensure that the piston 4 is not compressed before the installation is completed, and the protection rod can be removed after the installation is completed.

Example 2

The reinforcing part of the connecting piece is a steel flower tube 9, and the steel flower tube 9 and the bottom of the base 8 of the container 13 are fixed by welding.

The upper connecting piece is set as an upper expanding body anchor rod 1 , and the lower connecting piece is set as a steel flower tube 9 , which is welded and fixed on the lower surface of the container 13 , and both are located at the center of the bottom surface of the container 13 . The steel flower tube 9 is used for injecting cement slurry into the soil in the lower layer of the container 13, so that the monitoring device is not easily moved due to foundation settlement, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the monitoring results to a certain extent.

Other components are the same as those in Example 1.

The specific implementation working principle of a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: during construction, after the excavation of the foundation pit is completed, the upper part of the foundation at the bottom of the foundation pit is drilled, and then the steel flower tube 9 is extended into the drilled hole Inside. If the steel flower tube 9 is used, then the cement slurry is injected into the soil layer below the container 13 through the steel flower tube 9, and after the cement slurry is solidified, the device and the steel tube flower are welded and fixed. Then the cushion construction is carried out, the device is placed in the soil layer, the up-expanded anchor rod 1 is placed in the foundation during the construction of the building/structure foundation, and the upper surface of the round table 2 is in close contact with the lower surface of the foundation. Before the installation of the device is completed, a protection rod can be set on the upper expansion anchor rod 1, and the lateral protection rod can be laterally clamped on the upper expansion anchor rod and pressed against the upper part of the container, or the vertical protection rod can be sleeved outside the upper expansion anchor rod 1 , play a supporting role to ensure that the piston 4 is not compressed before the installation is completed, and the protection rod can be removed after the installation is completed.

After the installation of the device of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 or 2 is completed, the foundation settlement caused by the deformation of the ground causes the upward expansion anchor rod 1 to push the piston 4 to compress the inert gas in the container 13, so that the gas pressure increases, and the resistance value of the varistor 6 increases. , the current of the closed loop inside the base 8 of the container 13 becomes smaller, the signal strength received by the signal receiver is weakened, and the sedimentation amount is judged according to the degree of signal weakening. Based on this, the settlement position of buildings/structures when the surface is deformed can be clarified, and the magnitude of the settlement can be quantified at the same time, the settlement deformation can be monitored in real time, and the effect of monitoring and early warning of the settlement caused by the surface deformation of the buildings/structures can be achieved.

Early warning methods and procedures:

Based on the above device manufacturing principles and methods, production and installation are carried out in the factory, and the signal sending and receiving devices are debugged.

First, calibrate the instrument of the signal sending-receiving device, and set the range of the device according to the needs of the project.

Calibration method: After the production and installation of the device is completed, the position of the piston 4 in the natural state is taken as the original position, and the signal transmission-reception in this state is calibrated as the original point, that is, the position pointed to by the instrument pointer at this time is 0 point. Further, a certain pressure is applied to the upper connecting piece, so that the piston 4 moves down x, compresses the gas in the container 13, and the pointer of the meter is displaced, and the position pointed by the pointer at this time is calibrated to be x. By analogy, the instrument is calibrated in a positive direction; in the same way, a certain pulling force is applied to the upper connecting piece, so that the piston 4 moves up x, the gas in the expansion vessel 13, and the instrument pointer is offset, and the position pointed by the pointer at this time is - x. By analogy, the instrument is calibrated in the negative direction; according to the engineering needs and combined with the upper limit of the device, the range of the device is determined based on the above calibration method.

During the construction of buildings/structures, after the installation of the device is completed, the scale pointed to by the instrument pointer of the device is the settlement value generated at this time; further, after the construction of buildings/structures is completed, the settlement monitoring and early warning system records the construction disturbance process. The resulting settlement value is recorded as the building/structure using the initial settlement value. In the use of buildings/structures, the scale indicated by the meter pointer minus the initial settlement value is the settlement value generated in the use of buildings/structures.

Further, for the engineering structures with different monitoring requirements, different types of monitoring systems are set up to meet the early warning of different settlements. Further, when the settlement value generated by different buildings/structures exceeds the pre-warning scale of the preset device, the pointer will trigger the connection alarm closed loop, so that the alarm connected to the instrument will issue an alarm to remind the engineering and technical personnel to realize the early warning of the settlement amount.

Specifically, see Fig. 4 the flow chart of the settlement monitoring and early warning method.

The specific embodiments described above further describe the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system, is characterized in that, comprises connector, gas cavity, signal transmitting unit and signal receiving unit; The gas cavity is a closed structure, and the gas is stored in the inner cavity for compressing/expanding the gas, and converting the foundation settlement caused by the surface deformation into the gas pressure change; The connector is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the gas chamber, and is used to install the system between the lower surface of the building/structure foundation and the soil layer on the upper surface of the foundation; The signal transmitting unit is installed at the bottom of the gas chamber, and includes a varistor, a battery and a signal transmitter, and the three are connected by wires to form a closed loop, which is used to convert the gas pressure change in the gas chamber into an electrical signal ; The signal receiving unit is installed at the remote end, including a signal receiver and an alarm, for receiving the electrical signal of the signal transmitter, quantifying and correcting the signal value, and realizing the monitoring and early warning of the surface deformation. 2. A building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein the gas chamber comprises a container with openings at both ends, a piston is installed inside the container, a base is installed at the bottom, and a base is installed at the bottom. A piston limiting cover is installed, and the two connecting pieces are respectively installed on the top end of the piston and the bottom end of the base, the connecting pieces drive the piston to compress/expand the gas in the gas chamber, and the piston slides relatively in the container . 3. A building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein the connecting piece comprises upper and lower connecting pieces, and the upper connecting piece is provided with a circular platform for increasing the connection between the connecting piece and the The contact area of the building/structure foundation. 4. a kind of building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described upper and lower connecting pieces are expanded body bolts, and the upper expanded body bolts are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the piston , the lower expansion anchor rod is installed at the bottom of the base, and both are located in the center of the container, so that the system is not easy to move due to foundation settlement, and plays a reinforcing role. 5. a kind of building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described upper and lower connecting pieces are upper expansion body bolts and steel flower tubes, and described upper expansion body bolts are fixed Installed on the upper surface of the piston, the steel flower tube is installed at the bottom of the base, injects cement slurry into the soil below the gas chamber, and is located in the center of the container, so that the system is not easily moved due to foundation settlement, and plays a reinforcing role. 6. A building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmitting unit is installed in the gas cavity base, the base is provided with holes, and the pressure-sensitive The resistor contacts the inert gas in the container through the hole and seals the hole to ensure the sealing of the container. 7. A building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein a vertical protection rod is provided between the connecting piece on the upper surface of the gas chamber and the container, which plays a supporting role and ensures that the installation is completed. The front piston produces no compression. 8 . A building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1 , wherein the gas filled in the gas cavity of the system is an inert gas with stable properties to ensure system safety. 9 . 9. the early warning method of a kind of building/structure foundation settlement monitoring early warning system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1: Calibrate the instrument of the signal sending-receiving device, and set the range of the device according to the needs of the project; S2: in the process of building/structure construction, complete the installation of the foundation settlement monitoring and early warning system; S3: The settlement monitoring unit records the settlement value generated during the construction disturbance as the initial settlement value, and the scale indicated by the meter pointer minus the initial settlement value is the settlement value generated in the building/structure use project; S4: When the building/structure settles within the allowable range, the system records the settlement value at the moment; S5: When the settlement value exceeds the preset early warning scale, the pointer triggers the connection of the alarm closed loop, so that the alarm sounds an alarm to realize the early warning of the settlement value. 10. The early-warning method of a building/structure foundation settlement monitoring and early-warning system according to claim 9, characterized in that, in step S1, the signal sending-receiving instrument is calibrated, and the specific calibration method is: after the system is assembled, The position of the piston in the natural state is taken as the original position, and the signal transmission-reception in this state is calibrated as the original point, that is, the position pointed to by the pointer of the instrument at this time is 0 point; Then apply a certain pressure to the upper connector to make the piston move down by x, compress the gas in the container, and the pointer of the instrument will shift, and the position pointed by the pointer at this time is x; and so on, the instrument is calibrated positively; In the same way, apply a certain pulling force to the upper connecting piece to make the piston move up x, the gas in the expansion container, and the pointer of the meter will shift, and the position pointed by the pointer at this time is -x; and so on, the meter is negatively calibrated; According to engineering needs and in combination with the upper limit of the system device, the system range is determined based on the above calibration method.

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