CN115095393A - Hydraulic Turbine Power Generation System for Redundant Flow Energy Recovery - Google Patents
Hydraulic Turbine Power Generation System for Redundant Flow Energy Recovery Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D5/00—Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
- F22D5/26—Automatic feed-control systems
- F22D5/32—Automatic feed-control systems influencing the speed or delivery pressure of the feed pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及发电厂的生产环节中的能量回收利用,特别是,涉及用于发电厂中锅炉给水泵下游的冗余流量工作介质的能量回收的液力透平发电系统。The present application relates to energy recovery and utilization in the production process of power plants, in particular, to a hydraulic turbine power generation system for energy recovery of redundant flow working medium downstream of boiler feed pumps in power plants.
背景技术Background technique
火电厂或热电厂的主机包括锅炉、汽轮机和发电机,以煤、油或气为动力源,以主要为水的工作介质循环为推动力,使汽轮发电机组发电,为国家电网贡献大约60%的电力。热电厂可利用余热为诸如石化工厂的工业用户提供蒸汽,也可为居民提供供暖。The main engine of a thermal power plant or thermal power plant includes boilers, steam turbines and generators, with coal, oil or gas as the power source, and the circulation of the working medium mainly water as the driving force, so that the steam turbine generator set generates electricity and contributes about 60% to the national grid of electricity. Thermal power plants can use waste heat to provide steam for industrial users such as petrochemical plants, as well as to provide heating for residents.
给锅炉提供工作介质或者说工作介质在机组外的循环由锅炉给水泵来实现。锅炉给水泵有其固有的扬程-流量特性(曲线),在设计选型时,要与锅炉运行所需的压力-流量相匹配,即锅炉给水泵的扬程-流量略大于锅炉运行所需的压力-流量。然而,在实际运行中,发电厂的汽轮发电机组的供电量是受电网调度来控制的,随着供电量的减少,锅炉所需工作介质量减少。锅炉给水泵提供的流量与锅炉所需流量之差可称之为冗余流量。为了锅炉给水泵的运行安全,传统上冗余流量需要通过配置锅炉给水泵再循环系统来释放,即该系统将锅炉给水泵出口的部分高温高压水经过再循环阀降压以后返回到除氧器,保证锅炉给水泵任何时候的实际运行流量均不低于最小流量工况要求,通过消耗掉部分能量以确保锅炉给水泵在启动、停机及快速调节时的安全稳定运行。The supply of working medium to the boiler or the circulation of the working medium outside the unit is realized by the boiler feed pump. The boiler feed pump has its inherent head-flow characteristic (curve). When designing and selecting, it should match the pressure-flow required for boiler operation, that is, the head-flow of the boiler feed pump is slightly larger than the pressure required for boiler operation. -flow. However, in actual operation, the power supply of the steam turbine generator set in the power plant is controlled by the grid dispatching. With the reduction of the power supply, the amount of working medium required by the boiler decreases. The difference between the flow provided by the boiler feed pump and the flow required by the boiler can be called redundant flow. For the safe operation of the boiler feed pump, traditionally, redundant flow needs to be released by configuring the boiler feed pump recirculation system, that is, the system depressurizes part of the high temperature and high pressure water at the outlet of the boiler feed pump through the recirculation valve and returns it to the deaerator. , to ensure that the actual operating flow of the boiler feed pump at any time is not lower than the minimum flow condition requirements, and by consuming part of the energy to ensure the safe and stable operation of the boiler feed pump during startup, shutdown and rapid adjustment.
按照实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的国家战略,国家优先发展非化石能源,例如光伏发电、风电、水电、核电,使得传统火电机组逐步向大容量、高参数以及参与深度调峰的方向发展,越来越多的机组进行了灵活性改造,使得再循环阀门开启的频率越来越高、时间越来越长,尤其在夜间用电低谷时期机组处于低负荷工况,需要长时间开启再循环阀运行,因此消耗掉的能量也越来越多。According to the national strategy to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the state prioritizes the development of non-fossil energy, such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power, hydropower, and nuclear power, so that traditional thermal power units are gradually developing towards large capacity, high parameters and participation in deep peak regulation. , More and more units have undergone flexibility transformation, making the recirculation valve open more and more frequently and for a longer time, especially during the low power consumption at night when the unit is in a low load condition, it needs to be opened for a long time and then The circulation valve operates and therefore consumes more and more energy.
因此,如何回收锅炉供水系统的冗余流量的问题亟待解决。Therefore, the problem of how to recover the redundant flow of the boiler water supply system needs to be solved urgently.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本申请所要解决的技术问题是对火电厂或热电厂的发电机组低负荷运行时回收利用锅炉给水泵出口的冗余流量而实现节能减排。The technical problem to be solved by this application is to recycle the redundant flow at the outlet of the boiler feed water pump to realize energy saving and emission reduction when the generator set of a thermal power plant or a thermal power plant is running at a low load.
为解决上述技术问题,根据本申请的一个方面,提供一种用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统,包括:锅炉给水泵,包括进口和出口,通过出口以预定的扬程和流量向发电厂锅炉提供液体工作介质;透平机,包括进口、出口、叶轮和转轴,透平机的进口与锅炉给水泵的出口流体相通地连接;发电机,发电机的转轴通过联轴器与透平机的转轴连接;除氧器,包括多个工作介质进口、工作介质出口和至少一个排气口,多个工作介质进口的至少一个与透平机的出口流体相通连接,除氧器的工作介质出口与锅炉给水泵的进口流体相通连接。透平机接收来自锅炉给水泵的预定冗余流量的工作介质,吸收工作介质的压力能驱动透平机的转轴并带动发电机的转轴旋转而发电。透平机仅利用锅炉给水泵的预定冗余流量发电。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present application, a hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery is provided, comprising: a boiler feed water pump, including an inlet and an outlet, and a predetermined head and flow through the outlet are provided. Provide liquid working medium to the boiler of the power plant; turbine, including inlet, outlet, impeller and shaft, the inlet of the turbine is connected in fluid communication with the outlet of the boiler feed pump; generator, the rotating shaft of the generator is connected with the shaft through the coupling. The rotating shaft of the turbine is connected; the deaerator includes a plurality of working medium inlets, a working medium outlet and at least one exhaust port, and at least one of the plurality of working medium inlets is connected to the outlet of the turbine in fluid communication. The outlet of the working medium is connected in fluid communication with the inlet of the boiler feed pump. The turbine receives the working medium with a predetermined redundant flow rate from the boiler feed water pump, and the pressure energy of the absorbed working medium drives the rotating shaft of the turbine and drives the rotating shaft of the generator to rotate to generate electricity. The turbine generates electricity using only the predetermined redundant flow of the boiler feed pump.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统还可包括从锅炉给水泵的出口通向锅炉的主高压管道以及依次设置在主高压管道上的逆止阀、闸阀、流量测量装置。According to the embodiment of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a main high-pressure pipeline leading from the outlet of the boiler feed pump to the boiler, and a check valve arranged on the main high-pressure pipeline in sequence, Gate valve, flow measuring device.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统还可包括锅炉省煤器,并且主管道可通过锅炉省煤器通向锅炉。According to embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a boiler economizer, and the main piping may lead to the boiler through the boiler economizer.
根据本申请的实施例,除氧器的工作介质出口与锅炉给水泵的进口流体相通连接可包括第一管线以及依次设置在第一管线上的压力传感器、闸阀、流量测量装置。According to an embodiment of the present application, the fluid communication connection between the working medium outlet of the deaerator and the inlet of the boiler feed pump may include a first pipeline and a pressure sensor, a gate valve, and a flow measuring device sequentially arranged on the first pipeline.
根据本申请的实施例,透平机的进口与锅炉给水泵的出口流体相通地连接可包括第三管线以及设置在第三管线上的压力调节阀和闸阀。According to an embodiment of the present application, the connection of the inlet of the turbine and the outlet of the boiler feed pump in fluid communication may include a third line and a pressure regulating valve and a gate valve disposed on the third line.
根据本申请的实施例,多个工作介质进口的至少一个与透平机的出口流体相通连接可包括第五管线以及设置在第五管线上的隔离阀和逆止阀。According to an embodiment of the present application, at least one of the plurality of working medium inlets connected in fluid communication with the outlet of the turbine may include a fifth line and an isolation valve and a check valve disposed on the fifth line.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统还可包括流体相通地连接锅炉给水泵的出口和除氧器的多个工作介质进口之一的第二管线以及设置在第二管线上的再循环前隔离阀、再循环阀、再循环后隔离阀、逆止阀。According to an embodiment of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a second line in fluid communication connecting the outlet of the boiler feed pump and one of the plurality of working medium inlets of the deaerator, and A pre-recirculation isolation valve, a recirculation valve, a post-recirculation isolation valve, and a check valve are provided on the second pipeline.
根据本申请的实施例,锅炉给水泵可为多级离心叶轮串联组合式给水泵。According to the embodiment of the present application, the boiler feed water pump may be a multi-stage centrifugal impeller series combined feed water pump.
根据本申请的实施例,发电机产生的电力可通过变压器并入厂用电电网。According to an embodiment of the present application, the power generated by the generator may be integrated into the power grid of the factory through a transformer.
根据本申请的实施例,发电厂锅炉可为调峰式汽轮发电机组提供蒸汽动力。According to the embodiment of the present application, the boiler of the power plant can provide steam power for the peak-shaving turbo-generator set.
根据本申请的实施例,工作介质可为经过处理后的水以及溶解在水中的必要药剂。According to the embodiment of the present application, the working medium may be treated water and necessary chemicals dissolved in the water.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统在不同的工况下具有第一运行模式、第二运行模式和第三运行模式,第一至第三运行模式通过系统中的阀门开/关来切换。According to the embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery has a first operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode under different operating conditions, and the first to third operation modes Switched by valve on/off in the system.
根据本申请的实施例,在第一运行模式时,锅炉给水泵仅给发电厂锅炉输送工作介质;在第二运行模式时,第三管线上的压力调节阀关闭,第二管线上的再循环阀开启,锅炉给水泵可给发电厂锅炉输送工作介质的同时,可通过第二管线上的再循环阀分流部分流量而保持锅炉给水泵安全稳定运行;在第三运行模式时,第三管线上的压力调节阀开启,第二管线上的再循环阀关闭,锅炉给水泵可给发电厂锅炉输送工作介质的同时,可将冗余流量的工作介质通过第三管线提供给透平机且驱动发电机发电而回收工作介质的压力能。According to the embodiment of the present application, in the first operation mode, the boiler feed pump only supplies the working medium to the boiler of the power plant; in the second operation mode, the pressure regulating valve on the third pipeline is closed, and the recirculation on the second pipeline When the valve is opened, the boiler feed pump can deliver the working medium to the boiler of the power plant, and at the same time, part of the flow can be diverted through the recirculation valve on the second pipeline to maintain the safe and stable operation of the boiler feed pump; in the third operation mode, the third pipeline The pressure regulating valve of the second pipeline is opened, and the recirculation valve on the second pipeline is closed. While the boiler feed water pump can deliver the working medium to the boiler of the power plant, the working medium of the redundant flow can be supplied to the turbine through the third pipeline and drive power generation. The machine generates electricity and recovers the pressure energy of the working medium.
根据本申请的另一个方面,提供一种用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统包括收集各路工作介质并使其脱氧除气的除氧器、给发电厂锅炉提供工作介质的锅炉给水泵、利用锅炉给水泵冗余流量的液力透平发电机组、用于过压保护的再循环阀,以及连接除氧器的出口至锅炉给水泵的进口的第一管线、连接锅炉给水泵的出口经由再循环阀至除氧器的进口的第二管线、连接锅炉给水泵的出口经由液力透平发电机组的液力透平机的进口的第三管线、连接锅炉给水泵的出口至发电厂锅炉的第四管线、连接液力透平发电机组的液力透平机的出口至除氧器的进口的第五管线,控制系统,包括:分布式计算机控制器DCS,基于输入的信号和预设的算法发送控制信号至用户端,并与发电厂的主控室通信;以及压力变送器,输出锅炉给水泵的出口的压力信号至分布式计算机控制器DCS。分布式计算机控制器DCS接收来自压力变送器输出的锅炉给水泵的出口的压力信号,分布式计算机控制器DCS将接收的锅炉给水泵的出口的压力信号分为三个运行模式,即第一运行模式、第二运行模式和第三运行模式,第一至第三运行模式通过系统中的阀门开/关来切换。分布式计算机控制器DCS仅在第三运行模式导通第三管线,并且使液力透平发电机组运行发电。According to another aspect of the present application, a control system for a hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery is provided. The hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery includes collecting various working media and Deaerators for deoxidizing and degassing, boiler feed pumps for supplying working medium to power plant boilers, hydraulic turbine generator sets utilizing redundant flow of boiler feed pumps, recirculation valves for overpressure protection, and connection to deaerators. The first line connecting the outlet of the oxygenator to the inlet of the boiler feed pump, the second line connecting the outlet of the boiler feed pump to the inlet of the deaerator via the recirculation valve, and the outlet of the boiler feed pump via the hydraulic turbine generator set The third pipeline at the inlet of the hydraulic turbine, the fourth pipeline connecting the outlet of the boiler feed pump to the boiler of the power plant, and the third pipeline connecting the outlet of the hydraulic turbine of the hydraulic turbine generator set to the inlet of the deaerator. Five pipelines, control system, including: distributed computer controller DCS, based on input signals and preset algorithms to send control signals to the user end, and communicate with the main control room of the power plant; and pressure transmitters, output boiler to The pressure signal of the outlet of the water pump is sent to the distributed computer controller DCS. The distributed computer controller DCS receives the pressure signal from the outlet of the boiler feed water pump output by the pressure transmitter, and the distributed computer controller DCS divides the received pressure signal from the outlet of the boiler feed water pump into three operating modes, namely the first one. An operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode, the first to third operation modes are switched by valve on/off in the system. The distributed computer controller DCS conducts the third line only in the third operating mode, and operates the hydraulic turbine generator set to generate electricity.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括设置在除氧器的出口处的第一压力变送器、设置在锅炉给水泵的进口处的第二压力变送器、设置在锅炉给水泵的出口处的第三压力变送器、设置在液力透平机的进口处的第四压力变送器、设置在液力透平机的出口的第五压力变送器及设置在发电厂锅炉的进口处的第六压力变送器。分布式计算机控制器DCS接收来自上述压力变送器的压力信号,并且结合来自压力变送器的压力信号,按照预定的算法综合判断用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的运行情况,确定其下一步的运行步骤。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a first pressure transmitter arranged at the outlet of the deaerator, and an inlet of the boiler feed water pump. The second pressure transmitter at the boiler feed pump, the third pressure transmitter at the outlet of the boiler feed pump, the fourth pressure transmitter at the inlet of the hydraulic turbine, and the hydraulic turbine The fifth pressure transmitter at the outlet and the sixth pressure transmitter at the inlet of the power plant boiler. The distributed computer controller DCS receives the pressure signal from the above-mentioned pressure transmitter, and in combination with the pressure signal from the pressure transmitter, comprehensively judges the operation of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to a predetermined algorithm situation, determine its next operation steps.
根据本申请的实施例,第一运行模式可为发电厂汽轮发电机组的负荷在设计负荷70%以上时的运行模式,第二运行模式可为发电厂汽轮发电机组的负荷在设计负荷60%至70%时的运行模式,第三运行模式可为发电厂汽轮发电机组的负荷在设计负荷40%至50%附近波动时的运行模式,并且第三运行模式还可以包括依据电网的调度可能出现的深度调峰至更低的运行模式。According to the embodiment of the present application, the first operation mode may be the operation mode when the load of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant is above 70% of the design load, and the second operation mode may be the load of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant at the design load of 60%. % to 70% of the operation mode, the third operation mode may be the operation mode when the load of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant fluctuates around 40% to 50% of the design load, and the third operation mode may also include grid-based dispatching Possible deep peaking to lower operating modes.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括设置在第三管线上的调压阀和闸阀,在第一运行模式时,闸阀V7及再循环阀V3关闭;在第二运行模式时,再循环阀V3开启、闸阀V7关闭;并且在第三运行模式时,调压阀V6和闸阀V7开启,再循环阀V3关闭。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a pressure regulating valve and a gate valve arranged on the third pipeline. In the first operation mode, the gate valve V7 and Recirculation valve V3 is closed; in the second mode of operation, recirculation valve V3 is open and gate valve V7 is closed; and in the third mode of operation, regulator valve V6 and gate valve V7 are open, and recirculation valve V3 is closed.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括设置在锅炉给水泵的进口的流量测量装置SG1和设置在发电厂锅炉E3的进口的流量测量装置SG2。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a flow measurement device SG1 arranged at the inlet of the boiler feed pump and a flow rate arranged at the inlet of the boiler E3 of the power plant Measuring device SG2.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括分别设置在流量测量装置SG1、SG2两端的差压变送器DPT1、DPT2,差压变送器DPT1、DPT2产生的差压信号发送给分布式计算机控制器DCS且做出流量分配计算。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include differential pressure transmitters DPT1 and DPT2 respectively arranged at both ends of the flow measuring devices SG1 and SG2. The differential pressure signals generated by the transmitters DPT1, DPT2 are sent to the distributed computer controller DCS and the flow distribution calculation is made.
根据本申请的实施例,在第三运行模式时,第三管线的冗余流量等于流量测量装置SG1和流量测量装置SG2测得流量之差。According to the embodiment of the present application, in the third operation mode, the redundant flow rate of the third pipeline is equal to the difference between the flow rates measured by the flow measurement device SG1 and the flow measurement device SG2.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括监测液力透平机转速的转速测量探头SE1、SE2、SE3,当液力透平机E4的转速低于发电机E5的额定转速时,分布式计算机控制器DCS控制调压阀V6和闸阀V7加大开度,当液力透平机E4的转速高于发电机E5的额定转速时,分布式计算机控制器DCS控制调压阀V6和闸阀V7减小开度,并且当液力透平机E4的转速高于发电机E5的额定转速且控制调压阀V6和闸阀V7减小开度无效时,关闭调压阀V6和闸阀V7,并且开启再循环阀V3。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include rotational speed measuring probes SE1 , SE2 and SE3 for monitoring the rotational speed of the hydraulic turbine. When the speed of E4 is lower than the rated speed of generator E5, the distributed computer controller DCS controls the pressure regulating valve V6 and gate valve V7 to increase the opening. When the speed of hydraulic turbine E4 is higher than the rated speed of generator E5 , the distributed computer controller DCS controls the pressure regulating valve V6 and the gate valve V7 to reduce the opening, and when the speed of the hydraulic turbine E4 is higher than the rated speed of the generator E5 and controls the pressure regulating valve V6 and the gate valve V7 to reduce the opening When the temperature is invalid, the pressure regulating valve V6 and the gate valve V7 are closed, and the recirculation valve V3 is opened.
根据本申请的实施例,分布式计算机控制器DCS可为发电厂主控室的子系统,在任何情况下,分布式计算机控制器DCS在发电厂总控室下运行。According to an embodiment of the present application, the distributed computer controller DCS may be a subsystem of the main control room of the power plant, and in any case, the distributed computer controller DCS operates under the main control room of the power plant.
与现有技术相比,本申请的实施例至少可以实现如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application can at least achieve the following beneficial effects:
根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统包括连接于锅炉给水泵的出口和除氧器的进口之间的一套透平发电机组,透平机接收来自锅炉给水泵的预定冗余流量的工作介质,吸收工作介质的压力能驱动透平机的转轴并带动发电机的转轴旋转而发电,并且透平机仅利用锅炉给水泵的预定冗余流量发电。根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统可回收的冗余流量的能量是巨大的,以1000MW的发电机组为例,每小时最大可回收能量2300kW,年发电量约690万kWH左右,因此具有很好的节能效果。如果这部分能量不被回收,则冗余流量将通过再循环阀减压后回流到除氧器中,对再循环阀增大了负担,加速磨损,再循环阀在减压过程中将使工作介质汽化而加重除氧器的工作负担,而其减压过程中产生的热量排放也是对环境空气的污染。此外,由于透平机吸收了冗余流量,可使汽轮发电机组低负荷运行时减轻锅炉给水泵运行工况的恶化,即在出口压力保持合理范围的情况下适当提高锅炉给水泵的流量而使锅炉给水泵保持在较优工况下运行,锅炉给水泵因此多消耗的能量完全可在液力透平发电机组中得到回收和补偿。液力透平发电机组所产生的电力可通过变压器变压后直接并入发电厂的厂用电电网,减少了发电厂对国家电网的电力消耗,同时液力透平发电机组所产生的电力也可作为发电厂的备用电源。The hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to the embodiment of the present application includes a set of turbine generator sets connected between the outlet of the boiler feed water pump and the inlet of the deaerator, and the turbine receives electricity from the boiler The working medium of the predetermined redundant flow of the feed pump, the pressure of the absorbed working medium can drive the rotating shaft of the turbine and drive the rotating shaft of the generator to rotate to generate electricity, and the turbine only uses the predetermined redundant flow of the boiler feed pump to generate electricity. The recoverable redundant flow energy of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to the embodiment of the present application is huge. Taking a 1000 MW generator set as an example, the maximum recoverable energy per hour is 2300 kW, and the annual power generation is 2300 kW. The energy is about 6.9 million kWH, so it has a good energy saving effect. If this part of the energy is not recovered, the redundant flow will be decompressed through the recirculation valve and returned to the deaerator, which will increase the burden on the recirculation valve and accelerate the wear. The recirculation valve will work during the decompression process. The vaporization of the medium increases the workload of the deaerator, and the heat emission generated during the decompression process is also a pollution to the ambient air. In addition, since the turbine absorbs the redundant flow, it can reduce the deterioration of the operating conditions of the boiler feed pump when the steam turbine generator set is running at a low load, that is, when the outlet pressure is kept in a reasonable range, the flow rate of the boiler feed pump can be properly increased. Keep the boiler feed water pump running under optimal working conditions, and the excess energy consumed by the boiler feed water pump can be completely recovered and compensated in the hydraulic turbine generator set. The power generated by the hydraulic turbine generator set can be transformed directly into the power grid of the power plant after being transformed by the transformer, which reduces the power consumption of the power plant to the national grid, and the power generated by the hydraulic turbine generator set is also Can be used as a backup power supply for power plants.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本申请的一些实施例,而非对本申请的限制。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present application, rather than limit the present application. .
图1是根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的框图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to an embodiment of the present application.
图2是根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电控制系统的框图。2 is a block diagram of a hydraulic turbine power generation control system for redundant flow energy recovery according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请实施例的附图,对本申请实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本申请的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. Based on the described embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.
除非另作定义,此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样,“一个”或者“一”等类似词语也不表示数量限制,而是表示存在至少一个。Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the description and claims of this patent application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Likewise, "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a quantitative limitation, but rather denote the presence of at least one.
下面,参考附图详细描述本申请的实施例。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1是根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的框图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to an embodiment of the present application.
如图1所示,根据本申请的一个方面,提供一种用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统,包括锅炉给水泵E2、液力透平发电机组和除氧器E1。As shown in FIG. 1 , according to an aspect of the present application, a hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery is provided, including a boiler feed pump E2 , a hydraulic turbine generator set and a deaerator E1 .
锅炉给水泵E2包括进口和出口。锅炉给水泵E2通过其出口以预定的扬程和流量向发电厂锅炉提供液体工作介质。Boiler feed pump E2 includes inlet and outlet. The boiler feed pump E2 provides liquid working medium to the boiler of the power plant through its outlet with a predetermined head and flow.
这里所说的发电厂是指传统意义上的火电厂或热电厂,即以煤、油(重油)、气(煤气、沼气、含碳混合气)、生活垃圾为燃料,通过锅炉加热工作介质并驱动汽轮机带动发电机发电。这里所说的工作介质是指经过处理过的水或者水和处理药剂的混合物,因此本文中也可将工作介质称之为水。The power plant mentioned here refers to a thermal power plant or thermal power plant in the traditional sense, that is, using coal, oil (heavy oil), gas (gas, biogas, carbon-containing mixed gas), and household waste as fuel, the working medium is heated by the boiler and driven The steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity. The working medium mentioned here refers to treated water or a mixture of water and treatment chemicals, so the working medium may also be referred to as water herein.
根据本申请的实施例,锅炉给水泵E2可为多级离心叶轮串联组合式给水泵。According to the embodiment of the present application, the boiler feed water pump E2 may be a multi-stage centrifugal impeller series combined feed water pump.
根据本申请的实施例,发电厂锅炉E3可为调峰式汽轮发电机组提供蒸汽动力。对于调峰式发电厂来说,如本领域技术人员所知,发电厂的发电机组发电量需根据电网的用电量通过调度来分配。特别是,在用电高峰和用电低谷(即通常所说的深度调峰)时,随着发电量的变化,锅炉E3所需的供水量也不同,但是锅炉给水泵E2的跟随性运行变化会有一定的滞后,根据综合考虑锅炉E3和锅炉给水泵D2的特性,在一定的工况下,锅炉给水泵D2与锅炉E3之间必然产生一定量的冗余流量。According to the embodiment of the present application, the boiler E3 of the power plant can provide steam power for the peak-shaving turbo-generator set. For a peak-shaving power plant, as known to those skilled in the art, the power generation capacity of the generator sets of the power plant needs to be distributed through dispatching according to the power consumption of the power grid. In particular, when the power consumption peaks and the power consumption trough (that is, the so-called deep peak regulation), with the change of power generation, the water supply required by the boiler E3 is also different, but the follow-up operation of the boiler feed pump E2 changes. There will be a certain lag. According to the comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of the boiler E3 and the boiler feed pump D2, under certain working conditions, a certain amount of redundant flow will inevitably be generated between the boiler feed pump D2 and the boiler E3.
液力透平发电机组包括透平机E4、发电机E5以及轴连接透平机E4和发电机E5的联轴器。The hydraulic turbine generator set includes a turbine E4, a generator E5, and a shaft coupling that connects the turbine E4 and the generator E5.
透平机E4,本文中也称为液力透平机,包括进口、出口、叶轮和转轴(未详细示出),透平机E4的进口与锅炉给水泵E2的出口流体相通地连接。根据本申请的实施例,透平机的进口与锅炉给水泵E2的出口流体相通地连接可包括第三管线T3以及设置在第三管线T3上的压力调节阀V6和闸阀V7。压力调节阀V6可为电动压力调节阀,根据控制系统的指令,在预定压力下开启和关闭。例如,在锅炉给水泵E2的出口压力升高到第一预定压力时,闸阀V7开启,导通从锅炉给水泵E2的出口到透平机E4的进口的第三管线T3,实现给透平机E4提供工作介质,通过调节压力调节阀V6开度确保透平机E4工作在发电机E5的额定转速工况。在锅炉给水泵E2的出口压力继续升高到第二预定压力时,闸阀V7关闭,截止从锅炉给水泵E2的出口到透平机E4的进口的第三管线T3,实现停止给透平机E4提供工作介质。Turbine E4, also referred to herein as a hydraulic turbine, includes an inlet, outlet, impeller and shaft (not shown in detail), the inlet of turbine E4 being connected in fluid communication with the outlet of boiler feed pump E2. According to an embodiment of the present application, the connection between the inlet of the turbine and the outlet of the boiler feed pump E2 in fluid communication may include a third pipeline T3 and a pressure regulating valve V6 and a gate valve V7 provided on the third pipeline T3. The pressure regulating valve V6 may be an electric pressure regulating valve, which opens and closes at a predetermined pressure according to the command of the control system. For example, when the outlet pressure of the boiler feed water pump E2 rises to the first predetermined pressure, the gate valve V7 is opened to conduct the third pipeline T3 from the outlet of the boiler feed water pump E2 to the inlet of the turbine E4, so as to realize the supply of the turbine to the turbine E4. E4 provides the working medium, and the turbine E4 is guaranteed to work at the rated speed of the generator E5 by adjusting the opening of the pressure regulating valve V6. When the outlet pressure of the boiler feed pump E2 continues to rise to the second predetermined pressure, the gate valve V7 is closed, and the third pipeline T3 from the outlet of the boiler feed pump E2 to the inlet of the turbine E4 is cut off, so as to stop the feed to the turbine E4. Provide working medium.
根据本申请的实施例,透平机E4可包括同轴串联组装的多个叶轮,该多个叶轮分别吸收其中流过的工作介质的压力能,并且将压力能转换成自身旋转的机械能,从而驱动透平机E4的主轴高速旋转,例如,其转速可为3600rpm、3000rpm、1500rpm以及本领域技术人员所希望达到的其它转速。有关透平机E4的细节,将在后面详细描述。According to the embodiment of the present application, the turbine E4 may include a plurality of impellers assembled in series coaxially, the plurality of impellers respectively absorb the pressure energy of the working medium flowing therethrough, and convert the pressure energy into mechanical energy of its own rotation, thereby The main shaft that drives the turbine E4 rotates at a high speed, for example, its rotational speed may be 3600 rpm, 3000 rpm, 1500 rpm and other rotational speeds desired by those skilled in the art. Details of the turbine E4 will be described in detail later.
发电机E5的转轴通过联轴器与透平机E4的转轴连接。发电机E5的转轴与透平机E4的转轴连接可为刚性连接或者耦合连接。发电机E5和透平机E4的转速可为同步转速,例如3000rpm。但本发明的实施例不限于此,而是发电机E5和透平机E4的转速可为1500rpm或3600rpm,或者任何适宜的转速,本领域技术人员可根据实际需要按照转速与磁极对数的对应关系来确定。有关发电机E5的细节,将在后面详细描述。The rotating shaft of the generator E5 is connected with the rotating shaft of the turbine E4 through a coupling. The connection between the rotating shaft of the generator E5 and the rotating shaft of the turbine E4 may be a rigid connection or a coupled connection. The rotational speeds of generator E5 and turbine E4 may be synchronous, eg 3000 rpm. However, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this, but the rotational speed of the generator E5 and the turbine E4 may be 1500 rpm or 3600 rpm, or any suitable rotational speed, and those skilled in the art can follow the correspondence between the rotational speed and the number of pole pairs according to actual needs. relationship to be determined. Details of the generator E5 will be described in detail later.
除氧器E1,包括多个工作介质进口、工作介质出口和至少一个排气口(没有详细示出)。如图1所示,多个工作介质进口的至少一个与透平机E4的出口流体相通连接,除氧器E1的工作介质出口与锅炉给水泵E2的进口流体相通连接。根据本申请的实施例,多个工作介质进口的至少一个与透平机的出口流体相通连接可包括第五管线T5以及设置在第五管线T5上的隔离阀V8和逆止阀V9。根据本申请的实施例,除氧器E1的工作介质出口与锅炉给水泵E2的进口流体相通连接可包括第一管线T1以及依次设置在第一管线T1上的压力传感器PT、闸阀V1、流量测量装置SG1。The deaerator E1 includes a plurality of working medium inlets, working medium outlets and at least one exhaust port (not shown in detail). As shown in FIG. 1 , at least one of the plurality of working medium inlets is connected in fluid communication with the outlet of the turbine E4, and the working medium outlet of the deaerator E1 is connected in fluid communication with the inlet of the boiler feed pump E2. According to an embodiment of the present application, at least one of the plurality of working medium inlets connected in fluid communication with the turbine outlet may include a fifth pipeline T5 and an isolation valve V8 and a check valve V9 disposed on the fifth pipeline T5. According to the embodiment of the present application, the fluid communication connection between the working medium outlet of the deaerator E1 and the inlet of the boiler feed pump E2 may include a first pipeline T1 and a pressure sensor PT, a gate valve V1, a flow measurement device arranged on the first pipeline T1 in sequence Device SG1.
根据电网的实际需要,在发电厂的汽轮发电机组的预定工况下,透平机接收来自锅炉给水泵E2的预定冗余流量的工作介质,吸收工作介质的压力能驱动透平机的转轴并带动发电机的转轴旋转而发电。透平机仅利用锅炉给水泵E2的预定冗余流量发电。According to the actual needs of the power grid, under the predetermined working conditions of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant, the turbine receives the working medium with a predetermined redundant flow rate from the boiler feed water pump E2, and the pressure of the absorbed working medium can drive the rotating shaft of the turbine. And drive the shaft of the generator to rotate to generate electricity. The turbine generates electricity using only the predetermined redundant flow of boiler feed pump E2.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统还可包括从锅炉给水泵E2的出口通向锅炉的主高压管道T4以及依次设置在主高压管道T4上的逆止阀V10、闸阀V11、流量测量装置SG2。主高压管道T4是连接锅炉给水泵E2至发电机组锅炉的主干路。根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统要服从和服务于发电厂的汽轮发电机组的发电运行的需要。According to the embodiment of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a main high-pressure pipeline T4 leading from the outlet of the boiler feed pump E2 to the boiler, and a reverse pipeline T4 arranged in sequence on the main high-pressure pipeline T4. Stop valve V10, gate valve V11, flow measurement device SG2. The main high pressure pipeline T4 is the main road connecting the boiler feed pump E2 to the generator set boiler. The hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to the embodiment of the present application is to comply with and serve the needs of the power generation operation of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统还可包括锅炉省煤器E3,并且主管道T4可通过锅炉省煤器E3通向锅炉。锅炉省煤器E3是锅炉前端用于回收利用烟道中的余热,也是对锅炉前端供水的预热。According to an embodiment of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a boiler economizer E3, and the main piping T4 may lead to the boiler through the boiler economizer E3. The boiler economizer E3 is used at the front end of the boiler to recycle the waste heat in the flue, and it is also the preheating of the water supply at the front end of the boiler.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统还可包括流体相通地连接锅炉给水泵E2的出口和除氧器E1的多个工作介质进口之一的第二管线T2以及设置在第二管线T2上的再循环前隔离阀V2、再循环阀V3、再循环后隔离阀V4、逆止阀V5。如前所述,当锅炉给水泵E2处于启动、停机、快速调节运行工况时,在控制系统的控制下,再循环阀V3开启,另外当调节降压阀V6开度仍然不能使得透平机E4运行在发电机E5额定转速工况时,同样需要开启再循环阀V3,冗余流量将通过再循环阀V3减压后流回除氧器。在此期间,再循环阀V3承载巨大的压差,例如约17mpa的压差,要消耗掉巨大的压力能。当然,这也是为了保证锅炉给水泵和锅炉正常运行而不造成事故性关机的重要保证。According to embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a second fluid communication connection between the outlet of the boiler feed pump E2 and one of the plurality of working medium inlets of the deaerator E1 The pipeline T2 and the pre-recirculation isolation valve V2, the recirculation valve V3, the post-recirculation isolation valve V4, and the check valve V5 provided on the second pipeline T2. As mentioned above, when the boiler feed pump E2 is in the operating conditions of startup, shutdown and rapid adjustment, under the control of the control system, the recirculation valve V3 is opened. When E4 runs at the rated speed of generator E5, the recirculation valve V3 also needs to be opened, and the redundant flow will be decompressed through the recirculation valve V3 and flow back to the deaerator. During this period, the recirculation valve V3 is subjected to a huge pressure difference, for example a pressure difference of about 17 mpa, which consumes a huge amount of pressure energy. Of course, this is also an important guarantee to ensure the normal operation of the boiler feed pump and boiler without causing accidental shutdown.
根据本申请的实施例,液力透平发电机组产生的电力可通过变压器并入厂用电电网。然而,本申请的实施例不限于此,而是液力透平发电机组产生的电力也可通过输变电路并入电网(国家电网)。当液力透平发电机组产生的电力并入厂用电电网时,可大大减小发电厂对电网的电力需求,另外,也可作为发电厂厂用电的备用电源。在此情况下,可减少厂用电备用电源对柴油发电机组的依赖。According to the embodiments of the present application, the power generated by the hydraulic turbine generator set can be integrated into the power grid of the factory through a transformer. However, the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this, but the power generated by the hydraulic turbine generator set can also be integrated into the power grid (national grid) through the transmission and transformation circuit. When the power generated by the hydraulic turbine generator set is merged into the power grid of the power plant, the power demand of the power plant on the power grid can be greatly reduced, and it can also be used as a backup power supply for the power plant of the power plant. In this case, the reliance on the diesel generator set for the standby power supply of the plant can be reduced.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统在不同的工况下具有第一运行模式、第二运行模式和第三运行模式,第一至第三运行模式通过系统中的阀门开/关来切换。According to the embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery has a first operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode under different operating conditions, and the first to third operation modes Switched by valve on/off in the system.
根据本申请的实施例,在第一运行模式时,锅炉给水泵E2仅给发电厂锅炉E3输送工作介质;在第二运行模式时,第三管线上的压力调节阀V7关闭,第二管线T2上的再循环阀V3开启,锅炉给水泵E2可给发电厂锅炉E3输送工作介质的同时,可通过第二管线T3上的再循环阀V3分流部分流量而保持锅炉给水泵安全稳定运行;在第三运行模式时,第三管线T3上的压力调节阀V7开启,第二管线T2上的再循环阀V3关闭,锅炉给水泵E2可给发电厂锅炉E3输送工作介质的同时,可将冗余流量的工作介质通过第三管线T3提供给透平机E4且驱动发电机E5发电而回收工作介质的压力能。According to the embodiment of the present application, in the first operation mode, the boiler feed water pump E2 only delivers the working medium to the boiler E3 of the power plant; in the second operation mode, the pressure regulating valve V7 on the third pipeline is closed, and the second pipeline T2 The recirculation valve V3 above is opened, the boiler feed pump E2 can deliver the working medium to the boiler E3 of the power plant, and at the same time, part of the flow can be diverted through the recirculation valve V3 on the second pipeline T3 to maintain the safe and stable operation of the boiler feed pump; In the third operation mode, the pressure regulating valve V7 on the third pipeline T3 is opened, the recirculation valve V3 on the second pipeline T2 is closed, and the boiler feed pump E2 can deliver the working medium to the boiler E3 of the power plant. The working medium is supplied to the turbine E4 through the third pipeline T3 and drives the generator E5 to generate electricity to recover the pressure energy of the working medium.
下面,结合示例描述根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的意义和有益效果。Hereinafter, the significance and beneficial effects of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to examples.
表1某1000MW发电厂汽轮发电机组实际运行情况汇总表Table 1 Summary of the actual operation of the steam turbine generator set in a 1000MW power plant
表2给水泵再循环阀开启的运行规律Table 2 The operation law of the opening of the recirculation valve of the feed pump
表3能量回收效果经济效益比较Table 3 Comparison of Economic Benefit of Energy Recovery Effect
结论:上述表3中所列设计参数,取平均值进行预算,一台机组可实现年节约电费约180万元。Conclusion: The design parameters listed in Table 3 above are calculated by taking the average value and budgeting, and one unit can save about 1.8 million yuan in electricity bills per year.
图2是根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电控制系统的框图。2 is a block diagram of a hydraulic turbine power generation control system for redundant flow energy recovery according to an embodiment of the present application.
如图2所示,根据本申请的另一个方面,提供一种用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统包括收集各路工作介质并使其脱氧除气的除氧器E1、给发电厂锅炉E3提供工作介质的锅炉给水泵E2、利用锅炉给水泵E2冗余流量的液力透平发电机组E4、E5、用于过压保护的再循环阀V3,以及连接除氧器E1的出口至锅炉给水泵E2的进口的第一管线T1、连接锅炉给水泵E2的出口经由再循环阀V3至除氧器E1的进口的第二管线T2、连接锅炉给水泵E2的出口经由液力透平发电机组E4、E5的液力透平机的进口的第三管线T3、连接锅炉给水泵E2的出口至发电厂锅炉E3的第四管线T4、连接液力透平发电机组E4、E5的液力透平机的出口至除氧器E1的进口的第五管线T5,控制系统,包括:分布式计算机控制器DCS,基于输入的信号和预设的算法发送控制信号至用户端,并与发电厂的主控室通信;以及压力变送器PT3,输出锅炉给水泵的出口的压力信号至分布式计算机控制器DCS。分布式计算机控制器DCS接收来自压力变送器PT3输出的锅炉给水泵的出口的压力信号,分布式计算机控制器DCS将接收的锅炉给水泵的出口的压力信号分为三个运行模式,即第一运行模式、第二运行模式和第三运行模式,第一至第三运行模式通过系统中的阀门开/关来切换。分布式计算机控制器DCS仅在第三运行模式导通第三管线,并且使液力透平发电机组运行发电。As shown in FIG. 2 , according to another aspect of the present application, a control system for a hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery is provided, and the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery includes: Deaerator E1 that collects various working mediums and deoxidizes and degass them, boiler feed water pump E2 that provides working medium to boiler E3 of power plant, hydraulic turbine generator sets E4, E5, A recirculation valve V3 for overpressure protection, and a first pipeline T1 connecting the outlet of the deaerator E1 to the inlet of the boiler feed pump E2, connecting the outlet of the boiler feed pump E2 to the outlet of the deaerator E1 via the recirculation valve V3 The second pipeline T2 of the inlet, the third pipeline T3 connected to the outlet of the boiler feed pump E2 via the inlet of the hydraulic turbines of the hydraulic turbine generator sets E4 and E5, and the outlet of the boiler feed pump E2 to the power plant boiler E3 The fourth pipeline T4, the fifth pipeline T5 connecting the outlet of the hydraulic turbine of the hydraulic turbine generator set E4 and E5 to the inlet of the deaerator E1, the control system includes: a distributed computer controller DCS, based on The input signal and the preset algorithm send the control signal to the user terminal and communicate with the main control room of the power plant; and the pressure transmitter PT3, which outputs the pressure signal of the outlet of the boiler feed pump to the distributed computer controller DCS. The distributed computer controller DCS receives the pressure signal from the outlet of the boiler feed pump output by the pressure transmitter PT3, and the distributed computer controller DCS divides the received pressure signal from the outlet of the boiler feed pump into three operating modes, namely the first operation mode. An operation mode, a second operation mode and a third operation mode, the first to third operation modes are switched by opening/closing of valves in the system. The distributed computer controller DCS conducts the third line only in the third operating mode, and operates the hydraulic turbine generator set to generate electricity.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括设置在除氧器E1的出口处的第一压力变送器PT1、设置在锅炉给水泵E2的进口处的第二压力变送器PT2、设置在液力透平机的进口处的第四压力变送器PT4、设置在液力透平机的出口的第五压力变送器PT5及设置在发电厂锅炉的进口处的第六压力变送器PT6。分布式计算机控制器DCS接收来自上述压力变送器PT1、PT2、PT4、PT5、PT6的压力信号,并且结合来自压力变送器PT3的压力信号,按照预定的算法综合判断用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的运行情况,确定其下一步的运行步骤。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a first pressure transmitter PT1 arranged at the outlet of the deaerator E1, a boiler feed pump arranged at The second pressure transmitter PT2 at the inlet of E2, the fourth pressure transmitter PT4 arranged at the inlet of the hydraulic turbine, the fifth pressure transmitter PT5 arranged at the outlet of the hydraulic turbine, and A sixth pressure transmitter PT6 is provided at the inlet of the boiler of the power plant. The distributed computer controller DCS receives the pressure signals from the above pressure transmitters PT1, PT2, PT4, PT5, PT6, and combines the pressure signals from the pressure transmitter PT3 to comprehensively judge the redundant flow energy according to a predetermined algorithm. The operation of the recovered hydraulic turbine power generation system determines its next operation steps.
根据本申请的实施例,第一运行模式可为发电厂汽轮发电机组的负荷在设计负荷70%以上时锅炉给水泵的出口压力的运行模式,第二运行模式可为发电厂汽轮发电机组的负荷在设计负荷60%至70%时锅炉给水泵的出口压力的运行模式,第三运行模式可为发电厂汽轮发电机组的负荷在设计负荷40%至50%附近波动的运行模式,并且第三运行模式还可以包括依据电网的调度可能出现的深度调峰至更低的运行模式。According to the embodiment of the present application, the first operation mode may be the operation mode of the outlet pressure of the boiler feed water pump when the load of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant is above 70% of the design load, and the second operation mode may be the operation mode of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant The operation mode of the outlet pressure of the boiler feed water pump when the load of the power plant is 60% to 70% of the design load, the third operation mode can be an operation mode in which the load of the steam turbine generator set of the power plant fluctuates around 40% to 50% of the design load, and The third operating mode may further include a deep peak shaving to a lower operating mode that may occur according to the scheduling of the power grid.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括设置在第三管线T3上的调压阀V6和闸阀V7,在第一运行模式时,闸阀V7及再循环阀V3关闭;在第二运行模式时,再循环阀V3开启、闸阀V7关闭;并且在第三运行模式时,调压阀V6和闸阀V7开启,再循环阀V3关闭。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a pressure regulating valve V6 and a gate valve V7 arranged on the third pipeline T3, and in the first operation mode, Gate valve V7 and recirculation valve V3 are closed; in the second operating mode, recirculation valve V3 is open and gate valve V7 is closed; and in the third operating mode, pressure regulating valve V6 and gate valve V7 are open, and recirculation valve V3 is closed.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括设置在锅炉给水泵E2的进口的流量测量装置SG1和设置在发电厂锅炉E3的进口的流量测量装置SG2。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include a flow measuring device SG1 arranged at the inlet of the boiler feed pump E2 and a flow measuring device SG1 arranged at the inlet of the boiler E3 of the power plant. Flow measurement device SG2.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括分别设置在流量测量装置SG1、SG2两端的差压变送器DPT1、DPT2,差压变送器DPT1、DPT2产生的差压信号发送给分布式计算机控制器DCS且做出流量分配计算。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include differential pressure transmitters DPT1 and DPT2 respectively arranged at both ends of the flow measuring devices SG1 and SG2. The differential pressure signals generated by the transmitters DPT1, DPT2 are sent to the distributed computer controller DCS and the flow distribution calculation is made.
根据本申请的实施例,在第三运行模式时,第三管线的冗余流量等于流量测量装置SG1和流量测量装置SG2测得流量之差。According to the embodiment of the present application, in the third operation mode, the redundant flow rate of the third pipeline is equal to the difference between the flow rates measured by the flow measurement device SG1 and the flow measurement device SG2.
根据本申请的实施例,用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统还可包括监测液力透平机转速的转速测量探头SE1、SE2、SE3,当液力透平机E4的转速低于发电机E5的额定转速时,分布式计算机控制器DCS控制调压阀V6加大开度,当液力透平机E4的转速高于发电机E5的额定转速时,分布式计算机控制器DCS控制调压阀V6减小开度,并且当液力透平机E4的转速高于或者低于发电机E5的额定转速且控制调压阀V6开度无效时,关闭闸阀V7,并且开启再循环阀V3。According to the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery may further include rotational speed measuring probes SE1 , SE2 and SE3 for monitoring the rotational speed of the hydraulic turbine. When the speed of E4 is lower than the rated speed of generator E5, the distributed computer controller DCS controls the pressure regulating valve V6 to increase the opening. When the speed of hydraulic turbine E4 is higher than the rated speed of generator E5, the distributed The computer controller DCS controls the pressure regulating valve V6 to reduce the opening, and when the speed of the hydraulic turbine E4 is higher or lower than the rated speed of the generator E5 and the control of the opening of the pressure regulating valve V6 is invalid, the gate valve V7 is closed, And the recirculation valve V3 is opened.
根据本申请的实施例,分布式计算机控制器DCS可为发电厂主控室的子系统,在任何情况下,分布式计算机控制器DCS在发电厂总控室下运行。According to an embodiment of the present application, the distributed computer controller DCS may be a subsystem of the main control room of the power plant, and in any case, the distributed computer controller DCS operates under the main control room of the power plant.
下面,以1000MW汽轮发电机组配置100%容量锅炉给水泵为例描述其用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统的控制系统的设计参数和控制要求。Below, the design parameters and control requirements of the control system of the hydraulic turbine power generation system used for redundant flow energy recovery are described by taking the 1000MW steam turbine generator set as an example with a 100% capacity boiler feed pump.
汽轮发电机组运行在400MW至1000MW负荷范围内,年平均负荷率60%波峰时期电力需求旺盛负荷率保持80%以上波谷时期基本维持在40%负荷率运行,其中透平发电机组参照锅炉40%负荷率时效率最高设计,预计年投运时间为3000h。The steam turbine generator set operates in the load range of 400MW to 1000MW, and the annual average load rate is 60%. During the peak period, the power demand is strong, and the load rate remains above 80%. During the trough period, the load rate is basically maintained at 40%. It is designed with the highest efficiency at the load rate, and the estimated annual commissioning time is 3000h.
给水泵入口侧设有流量测量装置SG1,锅炉入口侧设有流量测量装置SG2,再循环流量(管线T2)及透平发电机组流量(管线T3)为SG1与SG2的差值。A flow measurement device SG1 is installed on the inlet side of the feed pump, and a flow measurement device SG2 is installed on the inlet side of the boiler. The recirculation flow (pipeline T2) and the flow rate of the turbine generator set (pipeline T3) are the difference between SG1 and SG2.
除氧器出口、给水泵的进出口、透平机进出口、锅炉进入分别设有压力检测PT1~PT6。The outlet of the deaerator, the inlet and outlet of the feed pump, the inlet and outlet of the turbine, and the inlet of the boiler are respectively equipped with pressure detection PT1~PT6.
再循环阀V3具有快速开启功能,闸阀V7具有快速关闭功能,隔离阀V2、隔离阀V4以及隔离阀V8为常开。The recirculation valve V3 has a fast opening function, the gate valve V7 has a fast closing function, and the isolation valve V2, the isolation valve V4 and the isolation valve V8 are normally open.
电网负荷的大小决定了锅炉E3需求介质的流量以及压力的大小,通过调节阀阀门V11开度与给水泵E2的转速来满足上述要求。The size of the grid load determines the flow and pressure of the medium required by the boiler E3, and the above requirements are met by adjusting the opening of the valve V11 and the speed of the feed pump E2.
当机组即将启动、停机及快速降负荷时,再循环阀V3全开,闸阀V7全关,待机组平稳运行以后,给水泵流量即SG1数值大于给水泵最小流量值一定范围以后,再循环阀V3缓慢关闭。When the unit is about to start, stop and reduce the load quickly, the recirculation valve V3 is fully opened, and the gate valve V7 is fully closed. After the standby group runs smoothly, the flow rate of the feed pump, that is, after the value of SG1 is greater than the minimum flow value of the feed pump within a certain range, the recirculation valve V3 Close slowly.
当机组负荷处于400MW至500MW负荷左右运行时,透平发电机组投运,开启闸阀V7以及调压阀V6,关闭再循环阀V3,冗余的高压介质通过透平入口进入透平机转轮,带动透平机工作后低压介质经过透平出口回到除氧器E1,透平机通过联轴器拖动发电机工作。透平机轴头装有转速测量装置,配备3冗余转速测量探头,该信号接入电厂自动控制系统DCS,当透平机转速高于发电机工作转速,先降低调压阀V6及闸阀V7开度,若仍然不能满足,适度开启再循环阀V3;当出现特殊情况透平机转速高于发电机安全转速后,快速关闭阀门V7,快速打开阀门V3;当透平机转速低于发电机工作转速,开启闸阀V7及调压阀V6至全开同时调节再循环阀门V3至全关,以确保透平机转速在发电机工作范围内。When the unit load is around 400MW to 500MW, the turbine generator set is put into operation, the gate valve V7 and the pressure regulating valve V6 are opened, and the recirculation valve V3 is closed, and the redundant high-pressure medium enters the turbine runner through the turbine inlet. After driving the turbine to work, the low-pressure medium returns to the deaerator E1 through the turbine outlet, and the turbine drives the generator to work through the coupling. The turbine shaft head is equipped with a speed measuring device, equipped with 3 redundant speed measuring probes. The signal is connected to the automatic control system DCS of the power plant. When the turbine speed is higher than the working speed of the generator, the pressure regulating valve V6 and gate valve V7 are lowered first. If the opening degree is still not satisfied, open the recirculation valve V3 moderately; when the turbine speed is higher than the generator safe speed, quickly close the valve V7 and quickly open the valve V3; when the turbine speed is lower than the generator speed At the working speed, open the gate valve V7 and the pressure regulating valve V6 to fully open and adjust the recirculation valve V3 to fully close to ensure that the turbine speed is within the working range of the generator.
当负荷处于600MW及以上负荷运行时,透平发电机组切出,关闭闸阀V7及再循环V3。When the load is running at 600MW and above, the turbine generator set is cut out, gate valve V7 is closed and V3 is recirculated.
与现有技术相比,本申请的实施例至少可以实现如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application can at least achieve the following beneficial effects:
根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统包括连接于锅炉给水泵的出口和除氧器的进口之间的一套透平发电机组,透平机接收来自锅炉给水泵的预定冗余流量的工作介质,吸收工作介质的压力能驱动透平机的转轴并带动发电机的转轴旋转而发电,并且透平机仅利用锅炉给水泵的预定冗余流量发电。根据本申请实施例的用于冗余流量能量回收的液力透平发电系统可回收的冗余流量的能量是巨大的,以1000MW的发电机组为例,每小时最大可回收能量2300kW,年发电量约690万kWH左右,因此具有很好的节能效果。如果这部分能量不被回收,则冗余流量将通过再循环阀减压后回流到除氧器中,对再循环阀增大了负担,加速磨损,再循环阀在减压过程中将使工作介质汽化而加重除氧器的工作负担,而其减压过程中产生的热量排放也是对环境空气的污染。此外,由于透平机吸收了冗余流量,可使汽轮发电机组低负荷运行时减轻锅炉给水泵运行工况的恶化,即在出口压力保持合理范围的情况下适当提高锅炉给水泵的流量而使锅炉给水泵保持在较优工况下运行,锅炉给水泵因此多消耗的能量完全可在液力透平发电机组中得到回收和补偿。液力透平发电机组所产生的电力可通过变压器变压后直接并入发电厂的厂用电电网,减少了发电厂对国家电网的电力消耗,同时液力透平发电机组所产生的电力也可作为发电厂的备用电源。The hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to the embodiment of the present application includes a set of turbine generator sets connected between the outlet of the boiler feed water pump and the inlet of the deaerator, and the turbine receives electricity from the boiler The working medium of the predetermined redundant flow of the feed pump, the pressure of the absorbed working medium can drive the rotating shaft of the turbine and drive the rotating shaft of the generator to rotate to generate electricity, and the turbine only uses the predetermined redundant flow of the boiler feed pump to generate electricity. The recoverable redundant flow energy of the hydraulic turbine power generation system for redundant flow energy recovery according to the embodiment of the present application is huge. Taking a 1000 MW generator set as an example, the maximum recoverable energy per hour is 2300 kW, and the annual power generation is 2300 kW. The energy is about 6.9 million kWH, so it has a good energy saving effect. If this part of the energy is not recovered, the redundant flow will be decompressed through the recirculation valve and returned to the deaerator, which will increase the burden on the recirculation valve and accelerate the wear. The recirculation valve will work during the decompression process. The vaporization of the medium increases the workload of the deaerator, and the heat emission generated during the decompression process is also a pollution to the ambient air. In addition, since the turbine absorbs the redundant flow, it can reduce the deterioration of the operating conditions of the boiler feed pump when the steam turbine generator set is running at a low load, that is, when the outlet pressure is kept in a reasonable range, the flow rate of the boiler feed pump can be properly increased. Keep the boiler feed water pump running under optimal working conditions, and the excess energy consumed by the boiler feed water pump can be completely recovered and compensated in the hydraulic turbine generator set. The power generated by the hydraulic turbine generator set can be transformed directly into the power grid of the power plant after being transformed by the transformer, which reduces the power consumption of the power plant to the national grid, and the power generated by the hydraulic turbine generator set is also Can be used as a backup power supply for power plants.
以上所述仅是本申请的示范性实施方式,而非用于限制本申请的保护范围,本申请的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。The above descriptions are only exemplary implementations of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application, which is determined by the appended claims.
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