CN115094417B - High-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for titanium alloy surface and laser cladding method thereof - Google Patents
High-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for titanium alloy surface and laser cladding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 75
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001040 Beta-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009601 Ti2Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009972 Ti2Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010380 TiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on a titanium alloy surface and a laser cladding method thereof, wherein the laser cladding method comprises the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of a laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating; s3, placing the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to finish laser cladding; wherein, the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16% -17% of Cr, 3.5% -4.0% of Fe, 0.5% -1.0% of C, 2.8% -3.2% of B, 4.0% -4.5% of Si, 3.0% -3.5% of Cu, 2.8% -3.2% of Mo, less than 0.1% of O and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities; and S4, grinding and polishing the sample subjected to laser cladding by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser cladding materials, in particular to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for a titanium alloy surface and a laser cladding method thereof.
Background
The laser cladding is a novel advanced surface modification technology for improving the surface performance of the titanium alloy, the substrate is melted under the radiation of high-energy laser beams, and the surface preset powder or the cladding powder which is synchronously sent is quickly fused on the surface of the substrate, so that firm metallurgical bonding is generated between the cladding powder and the substrate. Can be used for improving the strength and hardness of the surface of the material, improving the wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface. Compared with other surface modification methods, the laser technology has the following characteristics: the processing efficiency is high, the heating speed is high, the cooling speed is high, and the laser energy density is high; the selection range of the cladding machinable material is wide, and the metal powder, the ceramic powder and the composite powder thereof can be applied to laser cladding powder; the bonding performance between the coating and the matrix is good, the bonding mode is metallurgical bonding, and the strength is high; the application range is wide, and the automatic production is easy to realize.
Titanium and titanium alloys have the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance and the like, and are often applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, machinery and the like. However, during use, titanium alloy surfaces have poor wear resistance and often fail due to wear. Laser cladding is an effective method of improving its surface properties.
Laser cladding materials can be classified into metal and metal alloy powders, ceramic powders, cermet composite powders, and other powders. The metal and metal alloy powder materials mainly comprise: nickel-based, iron-based, cobalt-based, and the like. The nickel-based laser cladding material has the advantages of good toughness, wettability, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and has the characteristics of moderate price, so that the nickel-based laser cladding material is the most widely studied and used material in the laser cladding material, and can form good metallurgical bonding with a titanium alloy matrix.
At present, the common laser cladding nickel-based powder on the surface of the titanium alloy comprises Ni40, ni50, ni60, ni85 and the like, and one of the biggest problems in the application process is abrasion failure. Although the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the titanium alloy are improved to a certain extent, the traditional nickel-based laser powder is far from sufficient. Therefore, new nickel-based cladding powder for laser cladding on the surface of the titanium alloy must be developed, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the cladding layer are effectively improved when a good metallurgical bonding is formed between the substrate and the cladding layer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a titanium alloy, which solves the problems of poor surface hardness and wear resistance of the existing nickel-based laser cladding powder adopted on the surface of the titanium alloy and the titanium alloy after laser cladding.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder for the surface of the titanium alloy is characterized by being prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16% -17% of Cr, 3.5% -4.0% of Fe, 0.5% -1.0% of C, 2.8% -3.2% of B, 4.0% -4.5% of Si, 3.0% -3.5% of Cu, 2.8% -3.2% of Mo, less than 0.1% of O and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities.
Further, the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16.88% of Cr, 3.85% of Fe, 0.9% of C, 3.05% of B, 4.22% of Si, 3.25% of Cu, 3.05% of Mo, less than 0.05% of O, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities.
Furthermore, cr, fe, C, B, si, cu, mo, O is powder with purity more than 99% and particle size of 100-270 meshes.
Further, the microscopic morphology of the laser cladding powder is spherical.
Further, when preparing the laser cladding powder, the laser cladding powder materials with the mass percentages are uniformly mixed and then dried.
A laser cladding method of high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of a titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of a laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating; s3, placing the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to finish laser cladding; wherein, the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16% -17% of Cr, 3.5% -4.0% of Fe, 0.5% -1.0% of C, 2.8% -3.2% of B, 4.0% -4.5% of Si, 3.0% -3.5% of Cu, 2.8% -3.2% of Mo, less than 0.1% of O and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities; and S4, grinding and polishing the sample subjected to laser cladding by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
Further, the preheating temperature of the sample in S2 is 50-150 ℃ and the preheating time is 30-90 minutes.
Further, the sample preheating temperature in S2 is 100 ℃, and the preheating time is 60 minutes.
Further, in S3, the process parameters of laser cladding are: the laser power is 1600-3200W, the scanning speed is 200-600 mm/min, the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder has very good compatibility with the titanium alloy matrix, and a good metallurgical bond is formed between the cladding layer and the matrix.
2. A small amount of Cu and Mo elements are added into the laser cladding powder, so that a hard phase can be formed, the friction coefficient of the cladding layer is reduced, and the wear resistance of the cladding layer is improved.
3. The method is characterized in that a laser cladding method suitable for the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy is adopted, besides Cu element and Mo element are added on the basis of the traditional nickel-based cladding powder; the temperature difference between the cladding layer and the matrix is reduced, and the cooling speed is reduced, so that the thermal residual stress is reduced, and the anti-cracking purpose is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a phase composition diagram of a high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer and a conventional Ni60 alloy cladding layer on a titanium alloy surface in example 2.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the junction of the cladding layer and the titanium alloy substrate in the example, and the graphs (a) - (d) correspond to the microstructure of the junction of the cladding layer and the titanium alloy substrate in the example-the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the example 4, respectively;
FIG. 3 shows hardness test results of a high abrasion-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer and a traditional Ni60 cladding layer on the surface of a titanium alloy in examples 1-4;
FIG. 4 shows wear rate results of high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layers and conventional Ni60 cladding layers on the surface of a titanium alloy in examples 1-4;
FIG. 5 is a wear morphology diagram of a high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer and a conventional Ni60 cladding layer on the surface of a titanium alloy in examples 1-4;
FIG. 6 shows the wear rate calculation results of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer and the conventional Ni60 cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy in examples 1 to 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Examples
The embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of a titanium alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16.3% of Cr, 3.7% of Fe, 0.7% of C, 3% of B, 4.2% of Si, 3.3% of Cu, 2.9% of Mo, less than 0.1% of O, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities. All the components are powder with purity of more than 99% and particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is manufactured, the component materials are prepared according to the mass percentages, and then the materials are uniformly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of a laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 80 ℃ and the preheating time is 40 minutes during preheating; s3, placing the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to finish laser cladding; the technological parameters of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 2400WW, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the powder feeding amount of laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the sample subjected to laser cladding by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparison experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters for laser cladding are as described above.
Examples
The embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of a titanium alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16.88% of Cr, 3.85% of Fe, 0.9% of C, 3.05% of B, 4.22% of Si, 3.25% of Cu, 3.05% of Mo, less than 0.05% of O, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities. All the components are powder with purity of more than 99% and particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is manufactured, the component materials are prepared according to the mass percentages, and then the materials are uniformly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of a laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 100 ℃ and the preheating time is 60 minutes; s3, placing the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to finish laser cladding; the technological parameters of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 2400W, the scanning speed is 400mm/min, the powder feeding amount of laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the sample subjected to laser cladding by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparison experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters for laser cladding are as described above.
Examples
The embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of a titanium alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17% of Cr, 4.0% of Fe, 1.0% of C, 3.2% of B, 4.5% of Si, 3.5% of Cu, 3.2% of Mo, less than 0.1% of O, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities. All the components are powder with purity of more than 99% and particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is manufactured, the component materials are prepared according to the mass percentages, and then the materials are uniformly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of a laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 120 ℃ and the preheating time is 80 minutes; s3, placing the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to finish laser cladding; the technological parameters of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, the powder feeding amount of laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the sample subjected to laser cladding by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparison experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters for laser cladding are as described above.
Examples
The embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of a titanium alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17% of Cr, 4.0% of Fe, 1.0% of C, 3.2% of B, 4.5% of Si, 3.5% of Cu, 3.2% of Mo, less than 0.1% of O, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities. All the components are powder with purity of more than 99% and particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is manufactured, the component materials are prepared according to the mass percentages, and then the materials are uniformly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of a laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 100 ℃ and the preheating time is 60 minutes; s3, placing the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to finish laser cladding; the technological parameters of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 3200W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, the powder feeding amount of laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the sample subjected to laser cladding by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparison experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters for laser cladding are as described above.
The mechanical property test method for the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is specifically as follows:
(1) Micro Vickers hardness test of cladding layer: the three values were averaged using an HVS-1000Z automatic turret number micro Vickers durometer with a loading load of 0.1N and a loading time of 15s at the same horizontal position.
(2) Friction and wear performance test of the cladding layer: and carrying out reciprocating abrasion experiments on the surface of the cladding layer by using a UMT-TriboLab multifunctional frictional abrasion tester. The friction pair is made of SiC ceramic material with the diameter of 6mm, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the load is 3N, the frequency is 4HZ, and the experimental duration is 30min.
(3) And (3) testing the wear rate of the cladding layer: and obtaining the friction and abrasion three-dimensional shape characteristics of the cladding layer by using ContourGT-K Bruker white light interferometer, and testing the abrasion rate.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 1-6:
FIG. 1 is a phase composition diagram of a high abrasion resistance nickel-based laser cladding layer and a conventional Ni60 alloy cladding layer on the surface of a titanium alloy of the present invention, which was analyzed by PANALYTICAL EEPYREAN SERIES 2.2. 2X ray diffraction (XRD) in example 2. The experimental parameters were set to a voltage of 40 KV, a current of 40 mA, a sweep angle of 2 °, and a scan range of 20 ° to 90 °. As is clear from the figure, the types of the phases of the cladding layers are significantly changed, but many diffraction peaks are almost overlapped, and all phases cannot be completely recognized. The strongest diffraction peak in the Ni60 cladding layer is alpha-Ti, the rest Ti elements react with Ni elements to generate Ti2Ni and TiNi compounds, meanwhile, ti has extremely strong affinity with C, B elements, and TiC and TiB2 are gradually generated after the Ti and Ni reactions reach equilibrium. The high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy contains alpha-Ti, ti2Ni, tiC, tiB and solid solution phases such as Cu0.81Ni0.19, ti2Cu, moSi2 and the like besides the alpha-Ti, ti2Ni, tiC, tiB and the like.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a joint of a cladding layer and a titanium alloy substrate under a table scanning electron microscope, and diagrams (a) - (d) respectively correspond to the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in examples 1-4, and the cladding layer and the substrate form good metallurgical bonding under different laser cladding processes. The addition of 3.3% of Cu and 2.9% of Mo can effectively reduce the generation of pores and cracks in the cladding layer and improve the quality of the cladding layer.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the hardness results measured using an HVS-1000Z automatic turret number micro Vickers hardness tester; a is a test result of example 1, and under the treatment of the same laser cladding process parameters, the micro Vickers hardness of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy related to the invention is 916.08 HV0.1, and the micro Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 891.74HV0.1.b is the test result of example 2, and under the treatment of the same laser cladding process parameters, the micro-Vickers hardness of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy related to the invention is 825.47 HV0.1, and the micro-Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 819.43 HV0.1.c is the test result of example 3, and under the treatment of the same laser cladding process parameters, the micro-Vickers hardness of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy related to the invention is 922.84 HV0.1, and the micro-Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 444.97 HV0.1.d is the test result of example 4, and under the treatment of the same laser cladding process parameters, the micro Vickers hardness of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy related to the invention is 907.00HV0.1, and the micro Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 698.49 HV0.1. Compared with the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding powder, the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy is added with 3.3% of Cu element and 2.9% of Mo element, so that a hard phase such as Cu0.81Ni0.19, ti2Cu, moSi2, carbide, boride and the like can be formed in the laser cladding process on the surface of the titanium alloy to form dispersion strengthening, and elements such as Ni, C, B, si in the nickel-based laser cladding powder are easy to react to form a solid solution on a titanium alloy substrate to play a solid solution strengthening effect, and the hardness of a cladding layer can be effectively improved. When the laser power is 1600W and the scanning speed is 600mm/min, the hardness of the high abrasion-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is improved by 100 percent compared with that of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer.
FIG. 4 shows the results of a reciprocating frictional wear test on the surface of the cladding layer using a UMT-TriboLab multifunctional frictional wear tester. From examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the addition of Cu element and Mo element has a significant effect on the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer. The friction coefficient of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is lower than that of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer.
FIG. 5 shows the three-dimensional wear profile of the cladding layer and the conventional Ni60 alloy cladding layer in this example, and FIG. 6 shows the wear rate result of the cladding layer. The wear rate of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is lower, the lowest value is 1.26X10-3 mm-3N-1m-1, the highest value is 10.38X10-3 mm-3N-1m-1, the wear rate of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is higher, the lowest value is 0.87X10-3 mm-3N-1m-1, and the highest value is 49.57X 10-3mm-3N-1m-1. In example 3, the abrasion rate was increased from 49.57 X10-3 mm-3N-1m-1 to 2.36X10-3 mm-3N-1m-1, and the abrasion resistance was significantly improved. The abrasion mark of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is free of furrows, the hard phase forms fish scale-shaped chips under the action of friction force to be adhered to the surface, the surface of the friction pair material is obviously transferred, and the abrasion mechanism is mainly adhesive abrasion. The high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding coating on the surface of the titanium alloy mainly generates slight plow groove phenomenon but has no abrasive dust distribution, and the abrasion mechanism is small plastic deformation and adhesive abrasion.
The laser cladding powder is high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy, ni is used as base metal, and Cr, fe, C, B, si, O, cu, mo elements are added into the Ni. For the titanium alloy matrix, the nickel-based alloy cladding powder has moderate price compared with other laser cladding materials, and the cladding layer has higher hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance and better wettability. The alloy is easy to form good metallurgical bonding with the titanium alloy matrix during laser cladding. Compared with the traditional nickel-based laser cladding powder, the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface is additionally added with a small amount of Cu and Mo elements, and the cladding layers are different in generated phases under the action of laser cladding, so that the hardness and wear resistance of the cladding layers are different. This is because the Cu element has a similar thermal expansion coefficient to Ni and a similar lattice structure, and can form an infinite solid solution, thereby improving the self-solubility of the nickel-based cladding powder and reducing the generation of cracks and pores in the cladding layer. The Cu element belongs to a beta stable element, is a titanium alloy fast eutectoid element, and reacts to generate a strengthening phase Ti2Cu in the laser cladding process of the surface of the titanium alloy due to the low solid solubility of the Cu element in an alpha phase. Mo is used as an effective beta-phase stabilizing element, has a body-centered cubic crystal structure, can form infinite solid solution with beta titanium, can simultaneously generate solid solution strengthening effect with a plurality of alloys, and can generate solid solution strengthening with Ti and Ni in the laser cladding process of the surface of the titanium alloy, thereby improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer.
Besides laser cladding powder components, heat treatment before and after experiments and laser process parameters are also important influencing factors. The application adopts a laser cladding method suitable for the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy, besides adding Cu element and Mo element on the basis of the traditional nickel-based cladding powder. In order to solve the problem of cracks in the cladding layer, the application reduces the temperature difference between the cladding layer and the matrix (preheating of cladding powder) and reduces the cooling speed (longer preheating time), thereby reducing the thermal residual stress and achieving the purpose of crack prevention. The substrate is preheated, and the sample is subjected to heat preservation treatment after cladding is finished, so that the purpose of reducing the temperature difference between the cladding layer and the outside world can be achieved. However, the preheating time is not too long, the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer are improved along with the increase of the preheating time, but the performance of the cladding layer is not obviously changed after the cladding layer reaches a certain degree. When other laser process parameters are unchanged, the laser power is increased, the energy absorbed by the matrix is increased, the area of a molten pool is increased, the depth is increased, the width of the cladding layer is increased, and the height of the cladding layer is reduced. The laser power is increased, the cooling time of the molten pool is increased, the grain growth time is prolonged, grains are coarse and unevenly distributed, and the hardness of the cladding layer is reduced, so that the wear resistance is deteriorated. When other laser process parameters are unchanged, the scanning speed is increased, the heat conduction is reduced, and the cladding powder entering the molten pool in unit time is reduced, so that the height and the width of the cladding layer are reduced. Along with the increase of the scanning speed, the reduction of the energy of laser beam irradiation is beneficial to the fineness of crystal grains in a certain range, and the hardness of the cladding layer is increased, so that the abrasion rate of the cladding layer is reduced, and the abrasion resistance is improved; however, after the scanning speed is increased to a certain value, the energy of laser beam irradiation is lower, the melting amount of cladding powder is reduced, the energy per unit volume is increased, the cooling time of a molten pool is prolonged, the grains are coarse, the hardness of the cladding layer is reduced, and the abrasion rate of the cladding layer is not changed greatly.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solution, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and equivalents are included in the scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A laser cladding method of high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of a titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of a laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating; the preheating temperature of the sample is 50-150 ℃ and the preheating time is 30-90 minutes; s3, placing the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to finish laser cladding; wherein, the technological parameters of laser cladding are: the laser power is 1600-3200W, the scanning speed is 200-600 mm/min, the powder feeding amount of laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the shielding gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16.3 to 17 percent of Cr, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of C, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of B, 4.0 to 4.5 percent of Si, 3.25 to 3.5 percent of Cu, 3.05 to 3.2 percent of Mo, less than 0.1 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities; and S4, grinding and polishing the sample subjected to laser cladding by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
2. The laser cladding method of the high abrasion-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the sample preheating temperature in the step S2 is 100 ℃ and the preheating time is 60 minutes.
3. The laser cladding method of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16.88% of Cr, 3.85% of Fe, 0.9% of C, 3.05% of B, 4.22% of Si, 3.25% of Cu, 3.05% of Mo, less than 0.05% of O, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities.
4. The laser cladding method of high abrasion-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder on titanium alloy surface according to claim 3, wherein the laser cladding powder is prepared by uniformly mixing the powder materials according to claim 1 or claim 3 by mass percent and then drying.
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