CN115094417A - High-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for titanium alloy surface and laser cladding method thereof - Google Patents
High-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for titanium alloy surface and laser cladding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910009972 Ti2Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910034327 TiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020968 MoSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009601 Ti2Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010380 TiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for a titanium alloy surface and a laser cladding method thereof, wherein the laser cladding method comprises the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of the laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating; s3, putting the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to complete laser cladding; the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16 to 17 percent of Cr, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of C, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of B, 4.0 to 4.5 percent of Si, 3.0 to 3.5 percent of Cu, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of Mo, less than 0.1 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities; and S4, grinding and polishing the laser-clad test sample by using sand paper, and carrying out hardness and wear resistance experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser cladding materials, in particular to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for a titanium alloy surface and a laser cladding method thereof.
Background
Laser cladding is a novel advanced surface modification technology for improving the surface performance of titanium alloy, a matrix is melted under the radiation of high-energy laser beams, powder preset on the surface or cladding powder fed synchronously is quickly fused on the surface of the matrix, and firm metallurgical bonding is generated between the cladding powder and the matrix. Can be used for improving the strength and the hardness of the surface of a material, and improving the wear resistance, the oxidation resistance, the corrosion resistance and the like of the surface. Compared with other surface modification methods, the laser technology has the following characteristics: the processing efficiency is high, the heating speed and the cooling speed are high, and the laser energy density is high; the range of materials which can be processed by cladding is wide, and metal powder, ceramic powder and composite powder thereof can be applied to laser cladding powder; the bonding performance between the coating and the substrate is good, the bonding mode is metallurgical bonding, and the strength is high; the application range is wide, and the automatic production is easy to realize.
Titanium and titanium alloys have the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance and the like, and are often applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, machinery and the like. However, the surface of the titanium alloy has poor wear resistance during use and is often failed due to wear. Laser cladding is an effective method to improve its surface properties.
Laser cladding materials can be divided into metal and metal alloy powders, ceramic powders, metal ceramic composite powders and other powders. The metal and metal alloy powder materials mainly comprise: nickel-based, iron-based, cobalt-based, and the like. The nickel-based laser cladding material has the advantages of good toughness, wettability, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and has the characteristic of moderate price, so that the nickel-based laser cladding material is the most widely researched and used material in the laser cladding material, and can form good metallurgical bonding with a titanium alloy substrate.
At present, the commonly used titanium alloy surface laser cladding nickel-based powder comprises Ni40, Ni50, Ni60, Ni85 and the like, and the wear failure is one of the biggest problems in the application process. The traditional nickel-based laser powder improves the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the titanium alloy to a certain extent, but is far from enough. Therefore, new titanium alloy surface laser cladding nickel-based cladding powder must be developed, so that good metallurgical bonding between the matrix and the cladding layer is ensured, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer surface are effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a titanium alloy powder, which solves the problem that the nickel-based laser cladding powder adopted on the surface of the existing titanium alloy has poor surface hardness and wear resistance after being laser clad with the titanium alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface is characterized by being prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16 to 17 percent of Cr, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of C, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of B, 4.0 to 4.5 percent of Si, 3.0 to 3.5 percent of Cu, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of Mo, less than 0.1 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities.
Further, the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16.88 percent of Cr, 3.85 percent of Fe, 0.9 percent of C, 3.05 percent of B, 4.22 percent of Si, 3.25 percent of Cu, 3.05 percent of Mo, less than 0.05 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities.
Furthermore, the Cr, Fe, C, B, Si, Cu, Mo and O are all powders with the purity of more than 99 percent and the particle size of 100-270 meshes.
Further, the micro-morphology of the laser cladding powder is spherical.
Further, when preparing the laser cladding powder, the powder materials in the mass percentage of claim 1 or claim 2 are uniformly mixed and then dried.
A laser cladding method for high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of the laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating; s3, putting the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to complete laser cladding; the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16 to 17 percent of Cr, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of C, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of B, 4.0 to 4.5 percent of Si, 3.0 to 3.5 percent of Cu, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of Mo, less than 0.1 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities; and S4, grinding and polishing the laser-clad sample by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
Furthermore, the preheating temperature of the sample in S2 is 50-150 ℃, and the preheating time is 30-90 minutes.
Further, the preheating temperature of the sample in S2 is 100 ℃, and the preheating time is 60 minutes.
Further, in S3, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1600W-3200W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder has good compatibility with a titanium alloy matrix, and a good metallurgical bonding is formed between the cladding layer and the matrix.
2. A small amount of Cu and Mo elements are added into the laser cladding powder, so that a hard phase can be formed, the friction coefficient of a cladding layer is reduced, and the wear resistance of the cladding layer is improved.
3. On the basis of the traditional nickel-based cladding powder, Cu element and Mo element are added simultaneously, and a laser cladding method suitable for high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of titanium alloy is adopted; the temperature difference between the cladding layer and the substrate is reduced, and the cooling speed is reduced, so that the thermal residual stress is reduced, and the aim of cracking prevention is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a phase composition diagram of a high wear-resistant Ni-based laser cladding layer on a titanium alloy surface and a conventional Ni60 alloy cladding layer in example 2.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a bonding portion of a cladding layer and a titanium alloy substrate in an example, wherein the diagrams (a) - (d) respectively correspond to the microstructure diagram of the bonding portion of a high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer and the titanium alloy substrate on the surface of the titanium alloy in the example-example 4;
FIG. 3 shows the hardness test results of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy and the conventional Ni60 cladding layer in examples 1 to 4;
fig. 4 shows the wear rate results of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy and the conventional Ni60 cladding layer in examples 1 to 4;
FIG. 5 is a wear topography of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy and the conventional Ni60 cladding layer in examples 1 to 4;
fig. 6 is a calculation result of wear rates of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy and the conventional Ni60 cladding layer in examples 1 to 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the present product is conventionally placed in use, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
the embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for a titanium alloy surface, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16.3 percent of Cr, 3.7 percent of Fe, 0.7 percent of C, 3 percent of B, 4.2 percent of Si, 3.3 percent of Cu, 2.9 percent of Mo, less than 0.1 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities. All the components are powder with the purity of more than 99 percent and the particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is prepared, the component materials are prepared according to the mass percentage, and then the materials are uniformly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps of: s1, polishing the surface of the laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, preheating the sample dried in the step 1 in a heater at the preheating temperature of 80 ℃ for 40 minutes; s3, putting the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to complete laser cladding; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2400WW, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the laser-clad sample by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparative experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters of laser cladding are as described above.
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for a titanium alloy surface, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16.88 percent of Cr, 3.85 percent of Fe, 0.9 percent of C, 3.05 percent of B, 4.22 percent of Si, 3.25 percent of Cu, 3.05 percent of Mo, less than 0.05 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities. All the components are powder with the purity of more than 99 percent and the particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is prepared, the component materials are prepared according to the mass percentage, and then the materials are uniformly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method for the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps of: s1, polishing the surface of the laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 100 ℃, and the preheating time is 60 minutes; s3, putting the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to complete laser cladding; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2400W, the scanning speed is 400mm/min, the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the laser-clad sample by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparative experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters of laser cladding are as described above.
Example 3:
the embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for a titanium alloy surface, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr 17%, Fe 4.0%, C1.0%, B3.2%, Si 4.5%, Cu 3.5%, Mo 3.2%, O less than 0.1%, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities. All the components are powder with the purity of more than 99 percent and the particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is prepared, the materials of all the components are prepared according to the mass percentage, and then the materials are evenly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method for the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps of: s1, polishing the surface of the laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 120 ℃, and the preheating time is 80 minutes; s3, putting the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to complete laser cladding; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1600W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the laser-clad test sample by using sand paper, and carrying out hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparative experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters of laser cladding are as described above.
Example 4:
the embodiment relates to high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for a titanium alloy surface, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr 17%, Fe 4.0%, C1.0%, B3.2%, Si 4.5%, Cu 3.5%, Mo 3.2%, O less than 0.1%, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities. All the components are powder with the purity of more than 99 percent and the particle size of 100-270 meshes. When the nickel-based laser cladding powder is prepared, the component materials are prepared according to the mass percentage, and then the materials are uniformly mixed and dried.
The laser cladding method for the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in the embodiment comprises the following steps of: s1, polishing the surface of the laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 100 ℃, and the preheating time is 60 minutes; s3, putting the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to complete laser cladding; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3200W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min; and S4, grinding and polishing the laser-clad sample by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
The laser cladding powder used in the comparative experiment is Ni60 alloy powder, and the nickel-based laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.0-17.0% of Cr, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, 0.7-0.9% of C, 3.0-4.0% of B, 3.5-5.0% of Si and less than 0.05% of O. The process parameters of laser cladding are as described above.
The mechanical property test method applied to the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) microscopic Vickers hardness test of the cladding layer: an HVS-1000Z type automatic turret digital display micro Vickers hardness tester is utilized, the loading load is 0.1N, the loading time is 15s, and three values are tested at the same horizontal position to obtain an average value.
(2) And (3) testing the frictional wear performance of the cladding layer: and performing a reciprocating abrasion experiment on the surface of the cladding layer by using a UMT-triboLab multifunctional friction abrasion tester. The friction pair is a SiC ceramic material with the diameter of 6mm, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the load is 3N, the frequency is 4HZ, and the experimental duration is 30 min.
(3) And (3) testing the wear rate of the cladding layer: and acquiring the three-dimensional morphology characteristics of the frictional wear of the cladding layer by using a ContourGT-K type Bruker white light interferometer, and testing the wear rate of the cladding layer.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 1-6:
FIG. 1 is a phase composition diagram of a high wear-resistant Ni-based laser cladding layer on the surface of a titanium alloy according to the present invention and a conventional Ni60 alloy cladding layer analyzed by a PANALYTIC Eepyrean Series 2X-ray diffractometer (XRD) in example 2. The experimental parameters were set to 40 KV voltage, 40 mA current, 2 ° grazing incidence angle, and 20 ° to 90 ° scan range. As can be seen from the figure, the types of the phases of the cladding layers are changed remarkably, but many diffraction peaks are almost overlapped, and all phases cannot be completely identified. The strongest diffraction peak in the Ni60 cladding layer is alpha-Ti, the rest Ti element reacts with the Ni element to generate Ti2Ni and TiNi compounds, meanwhile, Ti and C, B element have strong affinity, and TiC and TiB2 are gradually generated after the reaction of Ti and Ni is balanced. The high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy contains solid solution phases such as Cu0.81Ni0.19, Ti2Cu, MoSi2 and the like besides alpha-Ti, Ti2Ni, TiC and TiB2 compounds.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a bonding portion between a cladding layer and a titanium alloy substrate under a desktop scanning electron microscope, and the diagrams (a) - (d) respectively correspond to the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the titanium alloy in examples 1-4, and the cladding layer and the substrate form good metallurgical bonding under different laser cladding processes. The addition of 3.3% of Cu element and 2.9% of Mo element can effectively reduce the generation of pores and cracks in the cladding layer and improve the quality of the cladding layer.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing hardness results measured using an HVS-1000Z type automatic turret digital display micro Vickers hardness tester; a is the test result of example 1, and the micro Vickers hardness of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is 916.08 HV 0.1 The micro Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 891.74 HV 0.1 . b is the test result of the embodiment 2, and the micro Vickers hardness of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is 825.47 HV 0.1 The micro Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 819.43 HV 0.1 . c is the test result of the embodiment 3, and the micro Vickers hardness of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is 922.84 HV 0.1 The micro Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 444.97 HV 0.1 . d is the test result of the example 4, and the micro Vickers hardness of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is 907.00HV 0.1 The micro Vickers hardness of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is 698.49 HV 0.1 . Compared with the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding powder, the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface of the invention is added with 3.3 percent of Cu element and 2.9 percent of Mo element, and can form Cu in the laser cladding process of the titanium alloy surface 0.81 Ni 0.19 、Ti 2 Cu、MoSi 2 And hard phases such as carbide and boride form dispersion strengthening, and meanwhile, elements such as Ni, C, B, Si and the like in the nickel-based laser cladding powder are easy to react with a titanium alloy matrix to form a solid solution, so that the effect of solid solution strengthening is achieved, and the hardness of a cladding layer can be effectively improved. When the laser power is 1600W and the scanning speed is 600mm/min, the hardness of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding layer on the titanium alloy surface is improved by 100 percent compared with the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer.
FIG. 4 shows the result of the reciprocating frictional wear test performed on the surface of the cladding layer by using a UMT-triboLab multifunctional frictional wear tester. From examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the addition of the Cu element and the Mo element has a significant effect on the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer. The friction coefficient of the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding layer on the surface of the titanium alloy is lower than that of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional wear profile of the cladding layer of the present embodiment and the conventional Ni60 alloy cladding layer, and FIG. 6 is a result of the cladding layer wear rate. The high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding coating on the surface of the titanium alloy has low wear rate, and the minimum value is 1.26 multiplied by 10 -3 mm -3 N -1 m -1 The maximum value is 10.38X 10 -3 mm -3 N -1 m -1 The wear rate of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer is high, and the minimum value is 0.87 multiplied by 10 -3 mm -3 N -1 m -1 The maximum value is 49.57 multiplied by 10 -3 mm -3 N -1 m -1 . In example 3, the wear rate was 49.57X 10 -3 mm -3 N -1 m -1 Lifting to 2.36X 10 -3 mm -3 N -1 m -1 And the wear resistance is obviously improved. No furrow exists in the grinding scar of the traditional Ni60 alloy cladding layer, the fishscale-shaped cutting scraps formed by the hard phase under the action of friction force are attached to the surface, the surface of the friction pair material is obviously transferred, and the wear mechanism is mainly adhesive wear. The high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding coating on the surface of the titanium alloy mainly generates a slight furrow phenomenon but has no abrasive dust distribution, and the wear mechanism is small plastic deformation and adhesive wear.
The laser cladding powder is high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of titanium alloy, Ni is used as a base metal, and eight elements of Cr, Fe, C, B, Si, O, Cu and Mo are added into the base metal. For a titanium alloy matrix, the nickel-based alloy cladding powder is moderate in price compared with other laser cladding materials, and a cladding layer has high hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance and good wettability. And the titanium alloy is easy to form good metallurgical bonding with a titanium alloy matrix during laser cladding. Compared with the traditional nickel-based laser cladding powder, the high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface disclosed by the invention is additionally added with a small amount of Cu and Mo elements, and the phases generated by a cladding layer under the action of laser cladding are different, so that the hardness and wear-resistance of the cladding layer are different. The Cu element and the Ni have similar thermal expansion coefficients and similar lattice structures, so that an infinite solid solution can be formed, the autolysis property of the nickel-based cladding powder is improved, and the generation of cracks and air holes in a cladding layer is reduced. The Cu element belongs to beta stable elements and is a titanium alloy fast eutectoid element, and because of the low solid solubility of the fast eutectoid property of the Cu element in an alpha phase, a strengthening phase Ti is generated by reaction in the laser cladding process of the surface of the titanium alloy 2 And (3) Cu. Mo is used as an effective beta phase stabilizing element, has a body-centered cubic crystal structure, can form an infinite solid solution with beta titanium, and can generate a solid solution strengthening effect with a plurality of alloys, so that Mo, Ti and Ni generate solid solution strengthening in the laser cladding process of the surface of the titanium alloy, and the hardness and the wear resistance of a cladding layer are improved.
Factors influencing the quality of the cladding layer are the laser cladding powder components, and heat treatment before and after the experiment and laser process parameters are also important influencing factors. The invention adds Cu element and Mo element on the basis of traditional nickel-based cladding powder, and adopts a laser cladding method suitable for high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of titanium alloy. In order to solve the problem of cracks in the cladding layer, the temperature difference between the cladding layer and the base body is reduced (cladding powder is preheated), the cooling speed is reduced (preheating time is longer), and therefore the thermal residual stress is reduced, and the purpose of crack arrest can be achieved. The matrix is preheated, and the sample is subjected to heat preservation treatment after cladding, so that the aim of reducing the temperature difference between the cladding layer and the outside can be fulfilled. But the preheating time is not too long, the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer are improved along with the increase of the preheating time, but the performance of the cladding layer is not obviously changed after the certain degree is reached. When other laser process parameters are unchanged, the laser power is increased, the energy absorbed by the substrate is increased, the area of a molten pool is increased, the depth is increased, the width of the cladding layer is increased, and the height of the cladding layer is reduced. The laser power is increased, the cooling time of the molten pool is increased, the grain growth time is prolonged, the grains are coarse and uneven in distribution, the hardness of the cladding layer is reduced, and the wear resistance is deteriorated. When other laser process parameters are unchanged, the scanning speed is increased, the heat conduction is reduced, and the cladding powder entering a molten pool in unit time is reduced, so that the height and the width of a cladding layer are reduced. Along with the increase of the scanning speed, in a certain range, the reduction of the energy irradiated by the laser beam is beneficial to the fine crystal grains, and the hardness of the cladding layer is increased, so that the wear rate of the cladding layer is reduced, and the wear resistance is improved; however, when the scanning speed is increased to a certain value, the energy of laser beam irradiation is lower, the melting amount of the cladding powder is reduced, the energy per unit volume is increased, the cooling time of a molten pool is prolonged, and the crystal grains are coarse, so that the hardness of the cladding layer is reduced, and the wear rate of the cladding layer is not changed greatly.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface is characterized by being prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16 to 17 percent of Cr, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of C, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of B, 4.0 to 4.5 percent of Si, 3.0 to 3.5 percent of Cu, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of Mo, less than 0.1 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities.
2. The titanium alloy surface high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder of claim 1, which is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16.88 percent of Cr, 3.85 percent of Fe, 0.9 percent of C, 3.05 percent of B, 4.22 percent of Si, 3.25 percent of Cu, 3.05 percent of Mo, less than 0.05 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities.
3. The high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the Cr, Fe, C, B, Si, Cu, Mo and O are powders with purity of more than 99% and particle size of 100-270 mesh.
4. The titanium alloy surface high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder of claim 3, wherein the laser cladding powder is spherical in microscopic morphology.
5. The high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface according to claim 1, 2 or 4, which is prepared by uniformly mixing the powder materials in percentage by mass according to claim 1 or claim 2 and then drying.
6. A laser cladding method for high-wear-resistance nickel-based laser cladding powder on the surface of titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, polishing the surface of the laser cladding sample by using sand paper, removing surface oxide skin and stains, cleaning the surface of the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, and drying for later use; s2, placing the dried sample in the step 1 into a heater for preheating; s3, putting the dried laser cladding powder into a powder feeder, and continuously feeding the powder by using a coaxial powder feeding system to complete laser cladding; the laser cladding powder is prepared from the following materials in percentage by weight: 16 to 17 percent of Cr, 3.5 to 4.0 percent of Fe, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of C, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of B, 4.0 to 4.5 percent of Si, 3.0 to 3.5 percent of Cu, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of Mo, less than 0.1 percent of O, and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities; and S4, grinding and polishing the laser-clad sample by using sand paper, and performing hardness and wear resistance experiments.
7. The laser cladding method of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder for the surface of the titanium alloy according to claim 6, wherein the preheating temperature of a sample in S2 is 50-150 ℃, and the preheating time is 30-90 minutes.
8. The laser cladding method of the high wear-resistant nickel-based laser cladding powder for the titanium alloy surface according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the preheating temperature of the sample in S2 is 100 ℃, and the preheating time is 60 minutes.
9. The laser cladding method of the titanium alloy surface high wear resistance nickel base laser cladding powder according to claim 6, wherein in S3, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1600W-3200W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min-600mm/min, the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding powder is 20g/min, the protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 14L/min.
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