CN115094214A - Amplitude transformer for ultrasonic impact reinforcement and use method thereof - Google Patents
Amplitude transformer for ultrasonic impact reinforcement and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115094214A CN115094214A CN202210659141.9A CN202210659141A CN115094214A CN 115094214 A CN115094214 A CN 115094214A CN 202210659141 A CN202210659141 A CN 202210659141A CN 115094214 A CN115094214 A CN 115094214A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technology of part surface treatment, and relates to a horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement and a using method thereof. The amplitude transformer (1) is of a step-shaped integrated structure and sequentially comprises a large cylindrical section (2), a variable cross-section (3) and a small cylindrical section (4); the step-shaped variable amplitude rod and the conical variable amplitude rod are combined to form the three-section type composite variable amplitude rod, the amplification factor M is improved, stress concentration is reduced as much as possible, and long-time use requirements are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of part surface treatment, and relates to a horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement and a using method thereof.
Background
The structures such as the blind hole, the groove and the mortise have obvious structural stress concentration, meanwhile, the inner walls of the blind hole, the groove and the mortise are difficult to machine and have poor surface quality, and the inner walls are difficult to observe, so that the micro defects are difficult to find in time in the detection process, and the high local surface stress concentration on the surfaces of the inner walls can be caused. Under the action of alternating load, fatigue cracks are easily generated on the inner wall, so that the fatigue failure of the part is caused. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a residual compressive stress layer and a microstructure hardening layer in a surface deformation strengthening manner to improve the integrity of the inner wall surface and increase the fatigue crack initiation and propagation resistance.
The shot type ultrasonic impact strengthening technology is a novel surface deformation strengthening technology for inner walls of structures such as blind holes, grooves, mortises and the like. The tool head, the inner hole and other tools are utilized to form a closed cavity with the structures such as the blind hole, the groove and the tongue-and-groove, a certain number of shots are placed in the cavity, a transducer generates a vibration source, the displacement or the speed of mass points of a mechanical vibration system is amplified through an amplitude transformer, namely the amplitude is increased, the shots are excited to generate high-speed motion to impact the inner wall of the cavity, and the surface deformation reinforcement of the inner walls of the structures such as the blind hole, the groove and the tongue-and-groove is realized. The traditional single-structure (such as exponential, conical and catenary) amplitude transformer has limited amplification effect, and the amplification factor is only 3-6. Although the amplification factor of the step deformation amplitude rod can reach 12-20, the change of the cross section of the step deformation amplitude rod is too large, the shape factor phi is less than 1, the local stress concentration is too large, the stress of the step deformation amplitude rod often exceeds the allowable stress of the material, and fatigue cracks are easy to generate after the step deformation amplitude rod is used for a period of time. Therefore, a new type of amplitude transformer is needed, which not only has a large amplification factor to achieve the purpose of amplification, but also reduces the stress concentration of itself to meet the requirement of long-term use.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the amplitude transformer for ultrasonic impact reinforcement and the use method thereof are provided, the purpose is to obtain a larger amplitude amplification coefficient, the purpose of amplification is achieved, meanwhile, the stress concentration of the amplitude transformer is reduced, and the requirement of long-time use is met.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an amplitude transformer for ultrasonic impact reinforcement, wherein the amplitude transformer 1 is a ladder-shaped integrationThe structure consists of a large cylindrical section 2, a variable cross-section 3 and a small cylindrical section 4 in sequence; the large cylindrical section 2 sequentially consists of a lower cylindrical section 202, a middle cylindrical section 203 and an upper cylindrical section 204, and internal threaded holes 201 are formed in the center positions of the lower cylindrical section 202 and the middle cylindrical section 203; the small cylindrical section 4 consists of a connecting cylindrical section 401, a transition section 402 and a tool head 403; the cross section of the variable section 3 is conical, the total length is l, the meandering index alpha of the cone is (N-1)/(N x l), N is the area coefficient (S) 1 /S 2 ) 0.5 ＝D 1 /D 2 And S1 is the cross-sectional area of the upper cylindrical section (204); s2 is the cross-sectional area of the connecting cylindrical section 401; the upper cylindrical section 204 has a diameter D 1 The cone diameter function of the cone is D 1 X is the axial distance from the bottom of the large cylindrical section 204 on the conical surface.
The lower cylindrical section 202 and the upper cylindrical section 204 both have a diameter D 1 The diameter of the middle cylindrical section 203 is D 1 －4mm。
The diameter of the connecting cylinder section 401 is D 2 The tool head 403 is cuboid, with a length n of 20-30 mm, a square bottom surface and a side length of (16-24) mm, and has a diameter of 26-30 mm.
The material of the amplitude transformer 1 is one of TC4, TB6, TC11 and TC17 titanium alloy.
The axial total length of the amplitude transformer 1 is lambda/2, lambda is the wavelength of sound waves in the titanium alloy, the axial length of the variable cross section 3 is lambda/10, and the axial lengths of the large cylindrical section 2 and the small cylindrical section 4 are both lambda/5.
The resonance frequency of the amplitude transformer 1 is 18-21 KHz, and the amplitude amplification coefficient is 12-16.
A method for using an amplitude transformer for ultrasonic impact reinforcement,
1) connecting the internal thread hole 201 of the amplitude transformer with the external thread of the transducer;
2) embedding a tool head 403 into the cavity 7, wherein the clearance between the tool head 403 and the four inner walls of the cavity 7 is 0.1-1 mm, and the distance between the tool head 403 and the top of the cavity 7 is 10-200 mm;
3) 1-200 shots are placed in the cavity 7, and the diameter of each shot is 2-20 times of the gap between the tool head 403 and the cavity 7;
4) under the excitation of the transducer 5, the amplitude transformer 1 increases the amplitude to excite the shot to move at high speed and impact the top and four inner walls of the cavity 7.
The amplitude transformer 1 is coaxial with the transducer 5, a central square hole of the cavity base 6 and a bottom square hole of the cavity 7.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention combines the step-shaped amplitude transformer and the conical amplitude transformer to form a three-section type composite amplitude transformer, which improves the amplification factor M, reduces the stress concentration as much as possible, and meets the long-time use requirement, compared with other types of composite amplitude transformers, the composite amplitude transformer has the advantages of maximum amplification factor, maximum shape factor, small stress concentration and the like, and is shown in Table 2. In addition, in consideration of the connection problem of the amplitude transformer and the transducer, the center of the input end face of the amplitude transformer is provided with an internal threaded hole, and a middle cylindrical section is arranged between the upper cylindrical section and the lower cylindrical section of the large cylindrical section, wherein the diameter of the middle cylindrical section is smaller than that of the upper cylindrical section and that of the lower cylindrical section, so that the amplitude transformer and the transducer can be screwed by a large wrench. In addition, considering the convenience of shot blasting workpieces, a square tool head is milled on the small cylindrical section of the amplitude transformer on the premise of not changing the length of the amplitude transformer, and the requirement for forming a closed cavity can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a horn
FIG. 2 horn and projectile chamber assembly
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an ultrasonic impact-strengthening horn, the horn 1 is a ladder-shaped integrated structure, and is composed of a large cylindrical section 2, a variable cross-section 3 and a small cylindrical section 4 in sequence; the large cylindrical section 2 sequentially consists of a lower cylindrical section 202, a middle cylindrical section 203 and an upper cylindrical section 204, and internal threaded holes 201 are formed in the center positions of the lower cylindrical section 202 and the middle cylindrical section 203; the small cylindrical section 4 consists of a connecting cylindrical section 401, a transition section 402 and a tool head 403; the cross section of the variable section 3 is conical, and the total length is l and circleThe meandering index alpha of the cone is (N-1)/(N l), N is the area coefficient (S) 1 /S 2 ) 0.5 ＝D 1 /D 2 And S1 is the cross-sectional area of the upper cylindrical section (204); s2 is the cross-sectional area of the connecting cylindrical section 401; the upper cylindrical section 204 has a diameter D 1 The cone diameter function of the cone is D 1 X is the axial distance from the bottom of the large cylindrical section 204 on the conical surface.
The lower cylindrical section 202 and the upper cylindrical section 204 both have a diameter D 1 The diameter of the middle cylindrical section 203 is D 1 －4mm。
The diameter of the connecting cylinder section 401 is D 2 The tool head 403 is cuboid, with a length n of 20-30 mm, a square bottom surface and a side length of (16-24) mm, and has a diameter of 26-30 mm.
The axial total length of the amplitude transformer 1 is lambda/2, lambda is the wavelength of sound waves in the titanium alloy, the axial length of the variable cross section 3 is lambda/10, and the axial lengths of the large cylindrical section 2 and the small cylindrical section 4 are both lambda/5. The resonance frequency is 18-21 KHz, and the amplitude amplification coefficient is 12-16. The material is generally selected from one of TC4, TB6, TC11 and TC17 titanium alloy. The amplitude transformer 1 is coaxial with the transducer 5, a central square hole of the cavity base 6 and a bottom square hole of the cavity 7.
A method for using an amplitude transformer for ultrasonic impact reinforcement,
1) connecting an internal thread hole 201 of the amplitude transformer with an external thread of the transducer;
2) embedding a tool head 403 into the cavity 7, wherein the clearance between the tool head 403 and the four inner walls of the cavity 7 is 0.1-1 mm, and the distance between the tool head 403 and the top of the cavity 7 is 10-200 mm;
3) 1-200 shots are placed in the cavity 7, and the diameter of each shot is 2-20 times of the gap between the tool head 403 and the cavity 7;
4) under the excitation of the transducer 5, the amplitude transformer 1 increases the amplitude to excite the shot to move at high speed and impact the top and four inner walls of the cavity 7.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the amplitude transformer is an important component in a vibration system, and is also called a concentrator and a gear lever, and not only has the function of amplifying the displacement or speed of mass points of a mechanical vibration system, but also has the function of concentrating and matching vibration energy to system impedance. In a vibration system, the transducer is a vibration source of the whole system, but in the range of vibration frequency up to 20kHz, the output amplitude of the end face of the transducer is only a few micrometers, which is not a requirement for practical use, and in this case, an amplitude transformer needs to be arranged on the transducer to play an amplification role. The amplification factor M and the shape factor phi are important indexes for designing the amplitude transformer. From the theory of mechanical vibration, it can be known that resonance can be caused only when the natural frequency and the excitation frequency of the amplitude transformer are equal, and at this time, the amplitude and the speed of the amplitude transformer are maximum, and the length of the amplitude transformer at the frequency is the resonance length. The amplification factor M is the ratio of the input end to the output end of the particle displacement or velocity amplitude when the amplitude transformer works, and the amplification factor M is related to the shape and the resonance state of the amplitude transformer. The form factor phi is independent of the material of the horn and only dependent on the geometry of the horn. The larger the form factor phi of the horn, the greater the vibration speed of the ultrasonic wave. There are four types of horns commonly used today: ladder, catenary, exponential, and conical. The performance parameter pairs for these four single horns are shown in table 1. Although the shape factor phi of the conical deformation amplitude rod is maximum, the amplification factor M is minimum; the amplification factor M of the step-shaped amplitude transformer is also large, but the section change of the step-shaped amplitude transformer is too large, the shape factor phi is less than 1, and the stress of the step-shaped amplitude transformer exceeds the allowable stress of the material. Therefore, the step-shaped amplitude transformer and the conical amplitude transformer are combined to form the three-section type composite amplitude transformer, the amplification factor M is improved, stress concentration is reduced as much as possible, and long-time use requirements are met. In addition, in consideration of the connection problem of the amplitude transformer and the transducer, an internal threaded hole is designed in the center of the input end face of the amplitude transformer, and a middle cylindrical section with a slightly smaller diameter is designed on the large cylindrical section rod body and is used for screwing the amplitude transformer and the transducer by a large wrench. Thirdly, considering the convenience of shot blasting workpieces, on the premise of not changing the length of the amplitude transformer, a square tool head is milled on the small cylindrical section rod body of the amplitude transformer, and the requirement of closing a shot cavity is met.
TABLE 1 comparison of the Performance parameters of four single horns
| Type (B) | Exponential shape | Conical shape | Catenary shape | Step shape |
| Form factor phi | 1.65 | 1.75 | 1.51 | 0.75 |
| Amplification factor M | 4.01 | 3.15 | 5.23 | 16 |
Table 2 optimized structure results of three kinds of composite horns
| Type (B) | Exponential and step type | Conical + step type | Catenary + step type |
| Resonant frequency | 19.6kHz | 20.1kHz | 19.7kHz |
| Maximum stress | 165MPa | 138MPa | 207MPa |
| Form factor | 9.1 | 10.5 | 8.4 |
| Amplification factor | 12.9 | 15.7 | 14.3 |
Example 1:
the diameters of the lower cylindrical section 202 and the upper cylindrical section 204 are both 60mm, the diameter of the middle cylindrical section 203 is 56mm, the diameter of the connecting cylindrical section 401 is 30mm, the tool head 403 is cuboid, the length is 25mm, the bottom surface is square, and the size is 18mm multiplied by 18 mm.
The material of the horn 1 is titanium alloy having a designation TB 6. The wavelength of sound waves in the titanium alloy is 305mm, the total axial length of the amplitude transformer is 152.5mm, the axial length of the variable cross section 3 is 30.5mm, and the axial lengths of the large cylindrical section 2 and the small cylindrical section 4 are both 61 mm.
The variable section 23 has a conical cross section with a total length of 15mm, the meandering index α of the cone is (N-1)/(N15) 0.0333, and N is the area factor (S) 1 /S 2 ) 0.5 ＝D 1 /D 2 60/30, the diameter of the upper cylindrical section 204 of the horn 1 is 60mm, the cone diameter function of the cone is 60 x (1-0.0333 x), and x is the axial distance on the cone from the bottom of the large cylindrical section 2.
The resonance frequency of the amplitude transformer is 21KHz, and the amplification factor is 16.
Connecting the internal thread hole 201 of the amplitude transformer 1 with the external thread of the transducer to ensure that the amplitude transformer and the transducer are coaxial; the tool head 403 was inserted into the projectile chamber with the tool head 403 spaced 0.1mm from the four inner walls of the projectile chamber and 200mm from the top of the projectile chamber. 200 projectiles, 0.6mm in diameter, were placed in the projectile chamber. Under the excitation of the transducer, the amplitude transformer 1 plays a role in increasing the amplitude, and excites the shot to move at a high speed to impact the top and four inner walls of the shot cavity.
Example 2
The diameters of the lower cylindrical section 202 and the upper cylindrical section 204 are both 50mm, the diameter of the middle cylindrical section 203 is 46mm, the diameter of the connecting cylindrical section is 20mm, the tool head 403 is cuboid, the length is 20mm, the bottom surface is square, and the size is 16mm multiplied by 16 mm.
The cross section of the variable section 3 is conical, the total length is 11mm, the meandering index alpha of the cone is (N-1)/(N11) 1.5/27.5 0.0545, N is the area factor (S) 1 /S 2 ) 0.5 ＝D 1 /D 2 50/20-2.5, the diameter of the upper cylindrical section 204 of the horn 1 is 50mm, the cone diameter function of the cone is 50 h (1-0.0545 x), and x is the axial distance on the cone from the bottom of the large cylindrical section 1.
The resonance frequency of the amplitude transformer is 20.1KHz, and the amplification factor is 15.7.
The clearance between the tool head 403 and the four inner walls of the projectile chamber is 1mm, and the distance from the top of the projectile chamber is 10 mm. 1 projectile, 2mm in diameter, was placed in the projectile chamber.
Claims (8)
1. An ultrasonic impact strengthens and uses the horn, its characterized in that: the amplitude transformer (1) is of a step-shaped integrated structure and sequentially comprises a large cylindrical section (2), a variable cross-section (3) and a small cylindrical section (4); the large cylindrical section (2) sequentially consists of a lower cylindrical section (202), a middle cylindrical section (203) and an upper cylindrical section (204), and internal threaded holes (201) are formed in the center positions of the lower cylindrical section (202) and the middle cylindrical section (203); the small cylindrical section (4) consists of a connecting cylindrical section (401), a transition section (402) and a tool head (403); the variable section (3) has a conical cross section and a total length of l, the meandering index of the cone is (N-1)/(N x l), and N is an area coefficient of (S) 1 /S 2 ) 0.5 ＝D 1 /D 2 And S1 is the cross-sectional area of the upper cylindrical section (204); s2 is the cross-sectional area of the connecting cylindrical section (401); the diameter of the upper cylindrical section (204) is D 1 The cone diameter function of the cone is D 1 X is the axial distance from the bottom surface of the large cylindrical section (204) on the conical surface.
2. The horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein:
the diameters of the lower cylindrical section (202) and the upper cylindrical section (204) are both D 1 The diameter of the middle cylindrical section (203) is D 1 －4mm。
3. The horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the connecting cylinder section (401) is D 2 The tool head (403) is cuboid, the length n is 20-30 mm, the bottom surface is square, and the side length is (16-24) mm.
4. The horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the amplitude transformer (1) is one of TC4, TB6, TC11 and TC17 titanium alloy.
5. The horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement according to claim 4, wherein:
the axial total length of the amplitude transformer (1) is lambda/2, lambda is the wavelength of sound waves in the titanium alloy, the axial length of the variable cross section (3) is lambda/10, and the axial lengths of the large cylindrical section (2) and the small cylindrical section (4) are both lambda/5.
6. The horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein:
the resonance frequency of the amplitude transformer (1) is 18-21 KHz, and the amplitude amplification coefficient is 12-16.
7. The method of using a horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
(1) connecting an internal thread hole (201) of the amplitude transformer with an external thread of the transducer;
(2) embedding a tool head (403) into the cavity (7), wherein the clearance between the tool head (403) and the four inner walls of the cavity (7) is 0.1-1 mm, and the distance between the tool head and the top of the cavity (7) is 10-200 mm;
(3) 1-200 shots are placed in the cavity (7), and the diameter of each shot is 2-20 times of the gap between the tool head (403) and the cavity (7);
(4) under the excitation of the transducer (5), the amplitude of the amplitude transformer (1) is increased, and the shot is excited to move at a high speed and impact the top and the four inner walls of the cavity (7).
8. The method for using the horn for ultrasonic impact reinforcement according to claim 7, wherein: the amplitude transformer (1) is coaxial with the transducer (5), the central square hole of the cavity base (6) and the bottom square hole of the cavity (7).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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