CN115093894B - Preparation method of electric spark machining cutting working solution, aluminum alloy surface modification method and aluminum alloy composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of electric spark machining cutting working solution, aluminum alloy surface modification method and aluminum alloy composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115093894B CN115093894B CN202210814318.8A CN202210814318A CN115093894B CN 115093894 B CN115093894 B CN 115093894B CN 202210814318 A CN202210814318 A CN 202210814318A CN 115093894 B CN115093894 B CN 115093894B
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- aluminum alloy
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- emulsion
- electric spark
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/34—Working media
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an electric spark machining cutting working solution, which belongs to the field of metal electric spark cutting and comprises the following steps: mixing the emulsified paste and water to prepare an emulsion; heating the emulsion, and adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the emulsion to form an electric spark machining cutting working solution; the invention also discloses an electric spark machining and cutting working solution, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: emulsion: 96-98 parts; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: 0.6 to 1.2 portions; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 0.6 to 1.5 portions; the invention also discloses a modification method for processing and cutting the surface of the aluminum alloy by using the working solution and a modified aluminum alloy composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy surface modification, and particularly relates to a method for in-situ generation of a soft coating on an aluminum alloy high-speed wire-moving wire-cut electric discharge machining surface.
Background
Compared with iron-based alloy, the aluminum alloy has low melting point and boiling point, low density and good electric and thermal conductivity, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, military, medical treatment and the like, but the aluminum alloy has poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Researches show that the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy can be improved through surface modification. At present, the surface modification mainly comprises chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, laser cladding, electroplating and the like, but the problems of uneven coating, thin layer, poor interlayer adhesion, complex process, high cost and the like exist.
Wire electric discharge machining is widely applied to the manufacturing fields of aviation, automobiles, military industry, dies and the like, and is mainly used for machining shapes of metal materials. The method is used for processing the shape of the part based on the electric corrosion phenomenon generated by pulse spark discharge between the electrode wire and the workpiece. The processing surface generates melting reaction in local high temperature environment, forms a brittle casting layer in rapid heating and quenching state, and can generate phenomena of tipping, breakage, fragmentation and the like when being directly used, thus shortening the service life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems existing in the prior art and discloses a preparation method of an electric spark machining cutting working solution, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the emulsified paste and water to prepare an emulsion;
heating the emulsion, and adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the emulsion to form the electric spark machining cutting working solution.
In a preferred embodiment, the emulsion is heated to 40-50 ℃.
The invention also discloses an electric spark machining and cutting working solution, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
emulsion: 96-98 parts;
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: 0.6 to 0.9 part;
sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 1.1 to 1.5 portions.
In a preferred embodiment, the working fluid is prepared according to the preparation method of the invention.
The invention also discloses an aluminum alloy surface modification method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing at least one conventional cutting on an aluminum alloy workpiece by taking a conventional emulsion as a working solution to finish the shape processing of the aluminum alloy workpiece, and forming a casting layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece; secondly, the working solution is used for carrying out at least one time of modified cutting on the aluminum alloy casting layer so as to carry out a soft layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy. In a preferred embodiment, the conventional cutting has a wire speed of 8 to 12m/s, a pulse width of 6 to 10 μm s, and an inter-pulse of 8 to 15 μm s. In a preferred embodiment, the modified cutting wire speed is 1-6 m/s, the processing voltage is 50-80V, the pulse width is 4-6 mu m mu s, and the pulse width is 6-10 mu m mu s. The soft layer is formed by carrying out electric spark machining and cutting on the aluminum alloy, and polymer groups in the electric spark machining and cutting working solution migrate to the surface of the aluminum alloy casting layer. Preferably, the migration of the polymer groups to the surface of the aluminum alloy casting layer is by in situ production of the soft layer.
The invention also discloses an aluminum alloy composite material, which comprises the following components:
an aluminum alloy substrate;
the casting layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, and micro cracks are formed on the surface of the casting layer;
the soft layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy casting layer, a part of the soft layer is inserted into micro cracks on the surface of the casting layer, and the soft layer is prepared by the electric spark machining cutting method.
The common emulsion for wire-cut electrical discharge machining with high-speed wire is an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion which is formed by mixing emulsified paste (mainly comprising mineral oil, water and an emulsifying agent) with water and diluting the mixture.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is a carboxymethyl derivative of cellulose, is an ionic polymer compound, is dispersed in water to form transparent colloidal solution, and anionic groups formed by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in hydrolysis are adsorbed on the surfaces of oil drops in emulsion, so that electric double layer adsorption is formed on the surfaces of the oil drops through chain-chain interaction, and charged oil drops with certain charges are formed. When an external electric field is applied, charged particles such as charged oil drops and anionic groups can migrate and aggregate.
When the working fluid prepared by the invention is used as a working medium for electric spark machining and cutting, a conventional working fluid is firstly utilized to form a casting layer on the surface of an aluminum alloy during high-speed wire-cut electric spark machining, then charged oil drops and high polymer anionic groups migrate and gather on the machining surface under the action of a high electric field to participate in the high-temperature melting reaction of the material at a discharge point, and the polymer groups are melted and uniformly adhered to the machining surface, so that the aluminum alloy machining surface in-situ generates a covering layer of a soft composite material after cooling; the covering layer is a soft composite material, and is embedded into micropores, fine cracks and discharge pits of the casting layer under the action of load, so that the effect is similar to that of nailing into nails to form a locking effect, the strength of the casting layer is improved, and the adhesive force between the soft covering layer and the casting layer is also increased. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the On the other hand, the soft coating contains a large amount of strong polar hydroxyl groups, the existence of the soft coating enables the soft coating to have strong adhesive force with the metal surface, the inclusion and lubricity of the soft coating reduce the contact stress and friction between the grinding ball and the processing surface, the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy surface is improved, and the novel method for compounding shape processing and surface modification is realized, so that the process is simple and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the surface of an aluminum alloy of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the surface of the aluminum alloy after processing;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic schematic view of an aluminum alloy surface;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of the friction coefficient of the surface of an aluminum alloy with time
The marks in the figure: 1-aluminum alloy matrix, 2-casting layer, 3-soft layer and 4-microcrack.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: and (3) preparing an aluminum alloy composite material.
In the embodiment, conventional working solution and novel working solution are adopted as media to carry out processing surface modification on 6061 aluminum alloy, and a soft layer on the processing surface of high-speed wire-electrode cutting is generated, which is specifically as follows:
step 1: preparing a working solution. Mixing and stirring the emulsified paste and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 1:10 to prepare an emulsion, wherein the emulsified paste can be conventional emulsified paste;
step 2: 97 parts of emulsion with the weight ratio concentration of 10%, 1.6 parts of dispersing agent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 1.4 parts of surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate are mixed and stirred to form a novel electric spark machining cutting working solution;
step 3: the first cutting (rough machining) of 6061 aluminum alloy is carried out by taking conventional emulsion as a machining medium, and the process conditions are as follows: the wire speed is 12m/s, the processing voltage is 100V, the pulse width is 10 mu m mu s, the pulse width is 15 mu m mu s, the power amplifier is 4, the shape processing of the part is completed according to a preset track, a casting layer 2 is formed on the surface of the part, and the casting layer 2 is positioned on the outer surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 1.
Step 4: the novel electric spark machining cutting working solution is used as a machining medium to carry out secondary cutting (finish machining), and the secondary technological conditions are as follows: the wire speed of the electrode wire is controlled to be 3m/s, the machining voltage is 50V, the pulse width is 8 mu m mu s, the pulse width is 12 mu m mu s, the power amplifier is 1, charged oil drops and anionic groups are accumulated on the machining surface under the action of a high electric field to generate migration behaviors, the interelectrode medium is broken down and discharged, the discharge channel generates instantaneous local high temperature (8000-12000 ℃), under the action of high energy, the charged oil drops accumulated on the surface of a workpiece, the anionic groups of a high polymer and the workpiece surface material are subjected to melting reaction, and a soft layer of the soft composite material is generated on the machining surface, wherein the soft layer 3 is positioned outside the melting casting layer, as shown in figure 1. The casting layer 1 is provided with a plurality of micro-cracks 4, and the soft layer 3 can be tightly attached to the casting layer 1 through the micro-cracks 4 so as to better fix the soft layer on the outer surface of the casting layer 1.
Example 2: and (3) carrying out electric spark machining and cutting on the surface of the aluminum alloy by using the conventional emulsion, so that a casting layer can be formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
Example 3: and (5) testing the performance of the aluminum alloy composite material.
The testing method comprises the following steps: load 5N, relative sliding speed 10mms -1 The surface friction coefficient of the aluminum alloy composite material containing the soft layer processed by the aluminum alloy 6061 matrix, the aluminum alloy matrix processed by the conventional emulsion and the aluminum alloy composite material processed by the aluminum alloy matrix by the method in the embodiment is tested under the condition.
Test results: as shown in the test result in FIG. 4, compared with the average friction coefficient (0.621) of the aluminum alloy matrix, the average surface friction coefficient of the novel working solution is only 0.165, which is reduced by 73%, and the soft layer has a very strong antifriction effect, so that the abrasion life of the novel working solution after processing is 8 times or more than that of the novel working solution after processing, and the service life of the product is greatly improved.
As shown in FIG. 3, the microstructure of the cross section of the aluminum alloy composite material was examined to have a coating thickness of about 9.8 μm.
As shown in fig. 2, the surface of the material processed by the conventional working solution and the surface of the material processed by the working solution have a large number of microcracks, the surface of the material processed by the method and the working solution has different colors from the surface of the aluminum alloy material, and a soft layer formed after the reaction of a polymer is formed on the surface of the material, so that the surface is smoother.
Claims (6)
1. The aluminum alloy surface modification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Performing at least one conventional cutting on the aluminum alloy workpiece by taking the conventional emulsion as a working solution to finish the shape processing of the aluminum alloy workpiece, and forming a casting layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece;
2) Performing at least one-time modified cutting on the aluminum alloy casting layer by using an electric spark machining cutting working solution to form a soft layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy;
the modified cutting is electric spark machining cutting;
the electric spark machining and cutting working solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
emulsion containing oil droplets: 97 parts;
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: 1.6 parts;
sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: 1.4 parts;
charged groups formed by hydrolysis of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are adsorbed on the surfaces of oil drops in the emulsion to form charged oil drops;
the preparation method of the electric spark machining cutting working solution comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing the emulsified paste and water to prepare an emulsion;
2) Heating the emulsion to 40-50 ℃, and then mixing and stirring 97 parts of emulsion, 1.6 parts of dispersing agent sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 1.4 parts of surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to form the electric spark machining cutting working solution.
2. The method for modifying the surface of an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the wire speed of the conventional cutting is 8-12 m/s, the pulse width is 6-10 μs, and the pulse width is 8-15 μs.
3. The method for modifying the surface of an aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the wire speed of the modified cutting is 1 to 6m/s, the processing voltage is 50 to 80V, the pulse width is 4 to 6 μs, and the pulse width is 6 to 10 μs.
4. The method for modifying the surface of an aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the soft layer is formed by performing electric discharge machining cutting on the aluminum alloy so that charged oil droplets and anionic groups in an electric discharge machining cutting working fluid migrate to the surface of the aluminum alloy casting layer.
5. The method for modifying the surface of an aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein charged oil droplets and anionic groups migrate to the surface of the aluminum alloy casting layer to form a soft layer by in-situ reaction.
6. An aluminum alloy composite material characterized by being prepared by the aluminum alloy surface modification method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
an aluminum alloy substrate;
the casting layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, and micro cracks are formed on the surface of the casting layer;
and the soft layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy casting layer, the soft layer comprises a polymer, and a part of the soft layer is inserted into micro cracks on the surface of the casting layer.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008149439A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-03 | Niigata Univ | Surface modifying method of wire electric discharge machining |
| CN110052675A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-26 | 四川轻化工大学 | A kind of electrical discharge machining discharge medium and preparation method and surface modifying method |
| WO2020229365A1 (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-19 | Berkenhoff Gmbh | Wire electrode for spark-erosion cutting and method for producing said wire electrode |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57173426A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1982-10-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Working fluid for electric discharge machining |
| CN105623812B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-07-07 | 广州工大科技有限公司 | Wire Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining liquid and preparation method thereof in alcohol radical |
| CN107523401A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-29 | 浙江华友电子有限公司 | The coolant of silicon wafer cut by diamond wire and the cutting technique for reducing caloric value |
| CN110000437B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-04-28 | 四川轻化工大学 | Wire cut electric discharge machine and interelectrode liquid volume control method |
| CN110666263B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-12-17 | 深圳市虹喜科技发展有限公司 | Surface treatment method of metal workpiece |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008149439A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-03 | Niigata Univ | Surface modifying method of wire electric discharge machining |
| WO2020229365A1 (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-19 | Berkenhoff Gmbh | Wire electrode for spark-erosion cutting and method for producing said wire electrode |
| CN110052675A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-26 | 四川轻化工大学 | A kind of electrical discharge machining discharge medium and preparation method and surface modifying method |
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