CN115093894A - Preparation method of electric spark machining cutting working solution, aluminum alloy surface modification method and aluminum alloy composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of electric spark machining cutting working solution, aluminum alloy surface modification method and aluminum alloy composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115093894A CN115093894A CN202210814318.8A CN202210814318A CN115093894A CN 115093894 A CN115093894 A CN 115093894A CN 202210814318 A CN202210814318 A CN 202210814318A CN 115093894 A CN115093894 A CN 115093894A
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- aluminum alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/34—Working media
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an electric spark machining cutting working solution, belonging to the field of metal electric spark cutting, and comprising the following steps: mixing the emulsified paste with water to prepare an emulsion; heating the emulsion, and adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the emulsion to form an electric spark machining cutting working solution; the invention also discloses an electric spark machining cutting working solution which comprises the following components in parts by weight: emulsion: 96-98 parts of a binder; sodium carboxymethylcellulose: 0.6-1.2 parts; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: 0.6-1.5 parts; the invention also discloses a modification method for processing and cutting the surface of the aluminum alloy by using the working solution and a modified aluminum alloy composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy surface modification, and particularly relates to a method for generating a soft covering layer on an aluminum alloy high-speed wire-moving electric spark wire-electrode cutting machining surface in situ.
Background
Compared with iron-based alloy, the aluminum alloy has low melting point and boiling point, small density, good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, military, medical treatment and the like, but the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are poor. Researches show that the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy can be improved by surface modification. At present, surface modification mainly comprises chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, laser cladding, electroplating and the like, but the coating has the problems of non-uniformity, thin layer, poor interlayer adhesion and adhesion, complex process, high cost and the like.
The wire cut electrical discharge machining is widely applied to the manufacturing fields of aviation, automobiles, war industry, molds and the like, and is mainly used for machining the shapes of metal materials. The method is used for processing the shape of the part based on the electric corrosion phenomenon generated by pulse spark discharge between a wire electrode and a workpiece. The processing surface is subjected to melting reaction in a local high-temperature environment, a 'brittle' fusion casting layer is formed in a sharp-hot and rapid-cooling state, the phenomena of edge breakage, fragmentation and the like can occur when the surface is directly used, and the service life is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and discloses a preparation method of an electric spark machining cutting working solution, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the emulsion paste with water to prepare an emulsion;
and heating the emulsion, and adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the emulsion to form the electric spark machining cutting working solution.
In a preferred scheme, the emulsion is heated to 40-50 ℃.
The invention also discloses an electric spark machining cutting working solution, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
emulsion: 96-98 parts of a binder;
sodium carboxymethylcellulose: 0.6-0.9 part;
sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: 1.1 to 1.5 portions.
In a preferred embodiment, the working solution is prepared according to the preparation method of the invention.
The invention also discloses an aluminum alloy surface modification method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing at least one time of conventional cutting on an aluminum alloy workpiece by taking conventional emulsion as working solution to complete shape processing of the aluminum alloy workpiece, and forming a casting layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece; and secondly, performing at least one time of modified cutting on the aluminum alloy casting layer by using the working solution to perform soft layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy. In a preferred scheme, the speed of the conventionally cut filaments is 8-12 m/s, the pulse width is 6-10 mu m, and the pulse interval is 8-15 mu m. In the preferred scheme, the speed of the modified and cut filament is 1-6 m/s, the processing voltage is 50-80V, the pulse width is 4-6 μm, and the pulse interval is 6-10 μm. The soft layer is formed by carrying out electric spark machining cutting on the aluminum alloy and transferring polymer groups in working solution for electric spark machining cutting to the surface of the aluminum alloy casting layer. Preferably, the polymer group migrates to the surface of the aluminum alloy fusion cast layer to produce the soft layer in situ.
The invention also discloses an aluminum alloy composite material, which comprises the following components:
an aluminum alloy substrate;
the fusion casting layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, and micro cracks are formed on the surface of the fusion casting layer;
the soft layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy fusion-cast layer, a part of the soft layer is inserted into the micro cracks on the surface of the fusion-cast layer, and the soft layer is prepared according to the electric spark machining cutting method.
The emulsion for high speed wire cut electrical discharge machining is oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion diluted with water.
The sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is carboxymethylated derivative of cellulose, is an ionic macromolecular compound, is dispersed in water to form transparent colloidal solution, and anionic groups formed by the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in hydrolysis are adsorbed on the surfaces of oil drops in the emulsion, and form double electric layer adsorption on the surfaces of the oil drops through chain-chain interaction to form charged oil drops with certain charges. When the device has the action of an external electric field, charged particles such as charged oil drops and anionic groups can migrate and aggregate.
The working solution prepared by the method is a working medium for electric spark machining cutting, and during high-speed wire-moving electric spark wire-electrode cutting, a casting layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy by using the conventional working solution, charged oil drops and high-polymer anionic groups migrate and gather on the machining surface under the action of a high electric field to participate in a high-temperature melting reaction of a material at a discharge point, the polymer groups are melted and uniformly adhered to the machining surface, and a covering layer of a soft composite material is generated in situ on the machining surface of the aluminum alloy after cooling; the covering layer is made of soft composite materials, and is embedded into micropores, fine cracks and discharge pits of the fusion-cast layer under the action of load, the effect of the covering layer is the same as that of nailing nails to form a locking effect, the strength of the fusion-cast layer is improved, and the adhesive force between the soft covering layer and the fusion-cast layer is also increased. (ii) a On the other hand, the soft covering layer contains a large number of strong polar hydroxyl groups, the existence of the strong polar hydroxyl groups enables strong adhesion between the soft covering layer and the metal surface, the accommodation and the lubricity of the soft covering layer reduce the contact stress and the friction between the grinding ball and the processed surface, the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy surface is improved, and the novel method for compounding the shape processing and the surface modification is realized, the process is simple, and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an aluminum alloy surface of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the aluminum alloy surface after machining;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a microscopic view of an aluminum alloy surface;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of the friction coefficient with time of the surface of the aluminum alloy
The mark in the figure is: 1-aluminum alloy substrate, 2-fusion casting layer, 3-soft layer and 4-microcrack.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: and (3) preparing the aluminum alloy composite material.
This embodiment adopts conventional working solution and novel working solution as the medium, carries out the processing surface modification to 6061 aluminum alloy, has carried out the generation of high-speed wire cut electrical discharge machining surface soft layer, specifically as follows:
step 1: and preparing a working solution. Mixing and stirring the emulsion paste and deionized water according to the weight part ratio of 1:10 to prepare emulsion, wherein the emulsion paste can be conventional emulsion paste;
step 2: 97 parts of emulsion with the weight ratio concentration of 10 percent, 1.6 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a dispersing agent and 1.4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as a surfactant are mixed and stirred to form novel electric spark machining cutting working solution;
and 3, step 3: the conventional emulsion is used as a processing medium to carry out the first cutting (rough processing) of 6061 aluminum alloy, and the process conditions are as follows: the wire speed is 12m/s, the processing voltage is 100V, the pulse width is 10 mu m, the pulse interval is 15 mu m, 4 power amplifiers are arranged, the shape processing of the part is completed according to a preset track, a fusion casting layer 2 is formed on the surface of the part, and the fusion casting layer 2 is positioned on the outer surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 1.
And 4, step 4: the novel electric spark machining cutting working solution is used as a machining medium for secondary cutting (fine machining), and the secondary process conditions are as follows: the wire speed of the electrode wire is controlled to be 3m/s, the machining voltage is 50V, the pulse width is 8μm, the pulse interval is 12μm, 1 power amplifier is arranged, the charged oil drops and the anion groups generate migration behavior under the action of a high electric field and gather on the machining surface, the interpolar medium is subjected to breakdown discharge, the discharge channel generates instantaneous local high temperature (8000-12000 ℃), the charged oil drops gathered on the surface of the workpiece and the anion groups of the high polymer generate melting reaction with the surface material of the workpiece under the action of larger energy, a soft layer of the soft composite material is generated on the machining surface, and the soft layer 3 is located outside the melting and casting layer, as shown in figure 1. The soft layer 3 can be tightly attached to the fusion-cast layer 1 through the micro cracks 4, so that the soft layer can be better fixed on the outer surface of the fusion-cast layer 1.
Example 2: the conventional emulsion is used for carrying out electric spark machining cutting on the surface of the aluminum alloy, and a fusion casting layer can be formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
Example 3: and (5) testing the performance of the aluminum alloy composite material.
The test method comprises the following steps: load 5N, relative sliding speed 10mms -1 The surface friction coefficient test is carried out on an aluminum alloy 6061 matrix, an aluminum alloy matrix processed by conventional emulsion and an aluminum alloy composite material containing a soft layer, wherein the aluminum alloy matrix is processed by the method of the embodiment.
And (3) testing results: the test result is shown in fig. 4, compared with the average friction coefficient (0.621) of the aluminum alloy substrate, the average surface friction coefficient of the novel working fluid processed is only 0.165, which is reduced by 73%, which indicates that the soft layer has a strong antifriction effect, the wear life of the novel working fluid processed is more than 8 times that of the conventional emulsion processed, and the service life of the product is greatly prolonged.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a microstructure of a cross section of the aluminum alloy composite material, the thickness of the detected covering layer is about 9.8 μm.
Fig. 2 shows the surface of the material processed by the conventional working fluid and the surface of the material processed by the working fluid of the present invention, where the surface of the material processed by the conventional working fluid has a large number of micro cracks, and the surface of the material processed by the method and the working fluid of the present invention has a color difference with the surface of the aluminum alloy material, and the surface of the material has a soft layer formed after the polymer reaction, so that the surface is smoother.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the electric spark machining cutting working solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing the emulsion paste with water to prepare an emulsion;
2) and heating the emulsion, and adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the emulsion to form the working solution for electric spark machining cutting.
2. The method for preparing an electric discharge machining cutting working fluid according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion is heated to 40 to 50 ℃.
3. The electric spark machining cutting working solution is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
emulsion containing oil droplets: 96-98 parts of a binder;
sodium carboxymethylcellulose: 0.6-1.2 parts;
sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: 0.6-1.5 parts;
charged groups formed by hydrolysis of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are adsorbed on the surfaces of oil drops in the emulsion to form charged oil drops.
4. The electric discharge machining cutting working fluid as set forth in claim 3, characterized in that the working fluid is prepared according to the preparation method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 2.
5. The aluminum alloy surface modification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out at least one time of conventional cutting on the aluminum alloy workpiece by taking the conventional emulsion as a working solution to finish the shape processing of the aluminum alloy workpiece and form a casting layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece;
2) at least one modified cutting is carried out on the aluminum alloy fusion casting layer by the working fluid of any one of claims 3 or 4 to carry out a soft layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
6. The aluminum alloy surface modification method according to claim 5, wherein the wire speed of the conventional cutting is 8 to 12m/s, the pulse width is 6 to 10 μm, and the inter-pulse width is 8 to 15 μm.
7. The aluminum alloy surface modification method according to claim 5, wherein the wire speed of the modification cutting is 1 to 6m/s, the processing voltage is 50 to 80V, the pulse width is 4 to 6 μm, and the inter-pulse width is 6 to 10 μm.
8. The method for modifying the surface of the aluminum alloy as recited in claim 5, wherein the soft layer is formed by performing electric discharge machining cutting on the aluminum alloy, and polymer groups in a working fluid of the electric discharge machining cutting migrate to the surface of the molten aluminum alloy layer.
9. The aluminum alloy composite material of claim 8, wherein the polymer groups migrate to the surface of the aluminum alloy molten-cast layer to form a soft layer by an in-situ reaction.
10. An aluminum alloy composite material, comprising:
an aluminum alloy substrate;
the fusion casting layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix, and micro cracks are formed on the surface of the fusion casting layer;
and the soft layer is positioned on the surface of the aluminum alloy fusion-cast layer, the soft layer comprises a polymer, and a part of the soft layer is inserted into the microcracks on the surface of the fusion-cast layer.
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Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57173426A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1982-10-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Working fluid for electric discharge machining |
| JP2008149439A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-03 | Niigata Univ | Surface modifying method of wire electric discharge machining |
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| CN110000437A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-07-12 | 四川轻化工大学 | A kind of wire electric discharge machining device and interpolar liquid measure control method |
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2022
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| Title |
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