CN115093268A - Organic fertilizer preparation device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer preparation device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115093268A CN115093268A CN202111623212.1A CN202111623212A CN115093268A CN 115093268 A CN115093268 A CN 115093268A CN 202111623212 A CN202111623212 A CN 202111623212A CN 115093268 A CN115093268 A CN 115093268A
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 164
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005815 base catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer preparation device and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a first-stage reaction kettle and a second-stage reaction kettle connected with the first-stage reaction kettle through a drainage tube, wherein the first-stage reaction kettle comprises a buffer layer, an extraction layer and a liquid fertilizer layer, an opening and closing door is arranged at the connection position of the buffer layer and the extraction layer, a plurality of water spray nozzles are arranged at the top end of the extraction layer, and a filter screen is arranged between the extraction layer and the liquid fertilizer layer; second grade reation kettle includes broken layer, schizolysis layer and solid fertile layer, broken layer is provided with the door that opens and shuts with the junction of schizolysis layer, schizolysis layer top is provided with a plurality of water jets, be provided with the door that opens and shuts between schizolysis layer and the solid fertile layer, obtain the solid fertilizer who has organic fertilizer content with the straw as the carrier through twice reactions, improve fertilizer gas permeability, the through-releasing nature, prevent the inside overheated excessive corruption of fertilizer, lose the fertility, in addition through the organic matter extraction rethread semi-splitting straw in the subcritical water with organic waste material with it absorb, the straw can slowly release fertilizer efficiency when using, it is more lasting to make its fertilizer efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer preparation, in particular to an organic fertilizer preparation device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In agricultural production and social life consumption, a large amount of urban and rural organic wastes such as crop straw segments, livestock and poultry excrement, kitchen garbage and the like are generated, and although the organic wastes can be used for composting, the conventional composting mode has the disadvantages of long production process period, incomplete decomposition, large odor, low fertilizer efficiency of the generated fertilizer, incomplete sterilization, easy generation and residual of harmful bacteria, and influence on rhizosphere soil and further on growth of crops.
Subcritical water refers to compressed liquid water with the temperature of 180-350 ℃, and H in water + And OH - The catalyst is close to weak acid and weak base, has acid catalysis and base catalysis functions, greatly reduces the dielectric constant, has super ionization characteristic, reduces the polarity, has super dissolution characteristic of simultaneously dissolving organic matters and inorganic matters, and has the advantages of excellent mass transfer performance and environmental protection. The subcritical water can be used for decomposing cellulose, lignin, starch and grease in the raw materials, so that macromolecular substances are degraded into organic matters such as micromolecular fatty acid, protein, amino acid, polypeptide, oligosaccharide and the like which are easy to utilize by crops, and therefore, the raw materials treated by the subcritical water technology have better fertilizer efficiency and higher activity.
Therefore, there is a need for further solutions to the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a method for preparing organic fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an organic fertilizer preparation device and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps: the device comprises a first-stage reaction kettle and a second-stage reaction kettle connected with the first-stage reaction kettle through a drainage tube, wherein the first-stage reaction kettle comprises a buffer layer, an extraction layer and a liquid fertilizer layer, and the buffer layer, the extraction layer and the liquid fertilizer layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the connection part of the buffer layer and the extraction layer is provided with an opening and closing door, the top end of the extraction layer is provided with a plurality of water spraying ports, the interlayer of the extraction layer is provided with a temperature controller and a pressure controller, and a filter screen is arranged between the extraction layer and the liquid fertilizer layer;
second grade reation kettle includes broken layer, schizolysis layer and fertile layer admittedly, broken layer is provided with cutting blade, broken layer with the junction of schizolysis layer is provided with the door that opens and shuts, the schizolysis layer top is provided with a plurality of water jets, the schizolysis layer with be provided with the door that opens and shuts between the fertile layer admittedly.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water storage layer is disposed on an outer surface of the cracking layer, the water storage layer is disposed on an outer surface of the cracking layer, and the drainage tube penetrates through the water storage layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the buffer layer is provided with a stirring device, the stirring device is composed of a rotating shaft and a motor for driving the rotating shaft, and the motor is arranged in the buffer layer interlayer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extraction layer is provided with a discharge port, and a push plate is symmetrically provided with the discharge port, and the push plate comprises a telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod penetrates through the inner surface of the extraction layer and is connected with a push-pull device arranged in the interlayer of the extraction layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water storage layer is disposed on an outer surface of the extraction layer, and the water storage layer is disposed on the outer surface of the extraction layer and connected to a water pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the buffer layer is provided with a steam generator, the steam generator is arranged in the inner layer of the buffer layer, the inner surface of the buffer layer is provided with a plurality of through holes, and steam discharged by the steam generator enters the buffer layer through the through holes.
In the preparation method of the organic fertilizer in a preferred embodiment of the invention,
s1, preparation step:
1.1, pouring organic waste into a buffer layer, stirring and mixing, and carrying out steam atomization treatment on the waste in the mixing process;
s2, reaction step:
primary reaction:
2.1, allowing the organic waste treated in the step 1.1 to enter an extraction layer through an opening-closing door, wherein the reaction time is 2-3 h;
2.2, continuously conveying seawater to the water storage layer in the reaction process of the step 2.1, and continuously spraying the seawater to the organic waste in the extraction layer through a spray head;
2.3, allowing seawater to enter the extraction layer to obtain subcritical water, continuously extracting organic matters in the organic waste material by the subcritical water to obtain liquid fertilizer, and allowing the liquid fertilizer to enter the liquid fertilizer layer through a filter screen;
and (3) secondary reaction:
3.1, screening straws, and putting the straws into a cracking layer for semi-cracking treatment;
3.2, in the step 3.1, in the semi-cracking treatment process of the straws, the drainage tube continuously conveys liquid fertilizer to the water storage layer, and the liquid fertilizer continuously gushes to the cracking layer through the spray head to spray the semi-cracking straws.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
and (3) secondary reaction: before the step 3.2, the straw is placed into a crushing layer, and a rod body in the straw is cut into straw sections of 2-6 cm along the length direction in the crushing layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the secondary reaction further comprises: and (3) obtaining a solid fertilizer, after the 3.2 steps are completed, fully absorbing the liquid fertilizer by the sprayed semi-cracked straw in a semi-cracking state to obtain the solid fertilizer, and entering a solid fertilizer layer through an opening and closing door.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic waste comprises accumulated chicken manure and/or pig manure, mushroom dregs, wheat bran and sludge, wherein the chicken manure and/or pig manure accounts for 3/5 of the total mass, the sludge accounts for 1/5, the mushroom dregs and wheat bran account for 1/5, and the mushroom dregs account for 0.1-1% of the mass of the wheat bran.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
step 2.1 includes the following three scenarios:
-case 1: the reaction time is 0.8-1h, the reaction temperature is 180-210 ℃, and the pressure value is 1.9-2.3 MPa;
case 2: the reaction time is 1-1.5h, the reaction temperature is 220-270 ℃, and the pressure value is 2.5-2.9 MPa;
case 3: the reaction time is 1.5-2h, the reaction temperature is 280-300 ℃, and the pressure value is 2.3-2.6 MPa.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the subcritical water is used for extracting the nutrient substances in the organic matters, so that the organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed in the reaction process, the thoroughly decomposed organic matters can release larger fertilizer effect, the subcritical water is used for extracting the nutrient substances to obtain the liquid fertilizer with more uniform nutrient substance distribution, and the liquid fertilizer is poured into the semi-cracked straws in the secondary reaction to obtain the solid fertilizer with the straw as the carrier and having the organic fertilizer content.
(2) In the process of extracting organic matters by subcritical water, seawater continuously sprays organic wastes, different organic matters in the organic wastes are extracted by controlling three different temperature values and pressure values, the organic matters are completely extracted without damaging the organic matters, for example, the melting point of amino acid is 200 ℃, when the temperature reaches 300 ℃, the amino acid is changed into amine and CO2, so that the amino acid cannot be extracted, the amino acid needs to be extracted when the temperature is lower than 300 ℃, when the temperature is continuously increased, the amino acid is extracted and leaves an extraction layer, so that the property of the amino acid can be completely ensured not to be damaged, the organic matters with different melting points can be extracted one by subcritical water under different temperatures and pressures, and the liquid fertilizer containing multiple organic elements is obtained.
(3) According to the invention, the steam generator is arranged on the buffer layer, so that the organic waste is subjected to high-temperature atomization treatment in the mixing and stirring process, steam continuously enters the organic waste to provide proper temperature and trace moisture for fermentation of organic matters, the organic matters are thoroughly mixed before entering the extraction layer and start to slightly ferment, and more favorable material conditions are completely provided for later-stage organic matter extraction.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts;
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a manufacturing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of making a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first-stage reaction kettle; 11. a buffer layer; 111. a stirring device; 12. an extraction layer; 121. a temperature controller; 122. a pressure controller; 123. a water storage layer; 1231. a nozzle; 124. a discharge port; 125. pushing a plate; 126. filtering with a screen; 13. liquid fertilizer layer; 2. a second-stage reaction kettle; 21. a crushed layer; 211. a cutting blade; 22. A pyrolysis layer; 221. a through hole; 23. fixing a fertilizer layer; 231. a fertilizer fixing outlet; 3. a drainage tube; 4. the door is opened and closed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientations and positional relationships indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like are based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the invention, "plurality" means two or more unless indicated otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
As shown in FIG. 1, an organic fertilizer manufacturing apparatus includes: the device comprises a first-stage reaction kettle 1 and a second-stage reaction kettle 22 connected with the first-stage reaction kettle 1 through a drainage tube 3, wherein the first-stage reaction kettle 1 comprises a buffer layer 11, an extraction layer 12 and a liquid fertilizer layer 13, and the buffer layer 11, the extraction layer 12 and the liquid fertilizer layer 13 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the connection part of the buffer layer 11 and the extraction layer 12 is provided with an opening-closing door 4, the top end of the extraction layer 12 is provided with a plurality of water spraying ports, the interlayer of the extraction layer 12 is provided with a temperature controller 121 and a pressure controller 122, and a filter screen 126 is arranged between the extraction layer 12 and the liquid fertilizer layer 13; second grade reation kettle 22 includes broken layer 21, schizolysis layer 22 and fertile layer 23 admittedly, broken layer 21 is provided with cutting blade 211, broken layer 21 is provided with the door 4 that opens and shuts with schizolysis layer 22 junction, schizolysis layer 22 top is provided with a plurality of water jets, be provided with the door 4 that opens and shuts between schizolysis layer 22 and fertile layer 23 admittedly, fertile layer admittedly still is provided with fertile export 231 admittedly, the solid fertile of being convenient for to obtain takes out from second grade reation kettle 2.
In the process of extracting organic matters by subcritical water, the seawater continuously sprays the organic wastes, different organic matters in the organic wastes are extracted by controlling three different temperature values and pressure values, the organic matters are completely extracted without damaging the organic matters, for example, the melting point of amino acid is 200 ℃, when the temperature reaches 300 ℃, the amino acid is changed into amine and CO2, so that the amino acid cannot be extracted, the amino acid needs to be extracted when the temperature is lower than 300 ℃, when the temperature is continuously increased, the amino acid is extracted and leaves the extraction layer 12, so that the property of the amino acid can be completely ensured not to be damaged, the organic matters with different melting points can be extracted one by subcritical water under different temperatures and pressures, and the liquid fertilizer containing multiple organic elements is obtained.
The outer surface of the cracking layer 22 is provided with a water storage layer 123, the water storage layer 123 is arranged on the outer surface of the cracking layer 22, the drainage tube 3 penetrates through the water storage layer 123, the obtained liquid fertilizer is poured into the water storage layer 123 of the cracking layer 22, and the liquid fertilizer is mixed with the straw through the through hole 221.
The extraction layer 12 is provided with a discharge port 124, a push plate 125 is symmetrically arranged with the discharge port 124, the push plate 125 comprises a telescopic rod, the telescopic rod penetrates through the inner surface of the extraction layer 12 to be connected with a push-pull device arranged on the interlayer of the extraction layer 12, and the push plate 125 pushes out the residual waste residues after extraction through the discharge port 124.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for producing an organic fertilizer, S1, the preparation steps:
1.1, screening organic waste, removing impurities, and crushing the organic waste;
1.2, pouring organic waste into the buffer layer 11, stirring and mixing, and heating the waste in the mixing process;
s2, reaction step:
2.1, allowing the organic waste treated in the step 1.2 to enter an extraction layer 12 through an opening-closing door 4, wherein the reaction time is 2-3 h;
2.2, continuously conveying seawater to the water storage layer 123 in the reaction process of the step 2.1, and continuously pouring the seawater to the organic waste in the extraction layer 12 through a spray head;
2.3 the seawater enters the extraction layer 12 to obtain subcritical water, the subcritical water continuously extracts organic matters in the organic waste materials to become liquid fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer enters the liquid fertilizer layer 13 through the filter screen 126.
S3, secondary reaction:
3.1, screening straws, removing impurities, and putting the straws into a crushing layer 21;
3.2, cutting the rod body in the straw into straw sections of 2-6 cm along the length direction in the crushing layer 21;
3.3, the straws after the treatment of 3.2 enter a cracking layer 22, and the straws are subjected to semi-cracking treatment;
3.4, in the step 3.3, during the straw semi-cracking treatment process, the drainage tube 3 continuously conveys the liquid fertilizer to the water storage layer 123, and the liquid fertilizer continuously pours the semi-cracked straws through the spray head.
S3, the secondary reaction further comprises: and 3.5, obtaining a solid fertilizer, fully absorbing the liquid fertilizer by the sprayed semi-cracked straws in a semi-cracking state after completing the 3.4 steps to obtain the solid fertilizer, entering the solid fertilizer layer 23 through the opening and closing door 4, and discharging the solid fertilizer through a solid fertilizer outlet 231 arranged on the solid fertilizer layer.
The solid fertilizer with organic fertilizer content and taking the straws as a carrier is obtained through two reactions, the semi-cracked straws still keep the original semi-shell structure and are provided with shell cavities, support is provided inside the solid base fertilizer, a certain pore structure is generated, the air permeability and the permeability of the fertilizer are improved, and the phenomenon that the interior of the fertilizer is overheated and excessively decomposed to lose fertility is prevented; the straw is a plant material, so that the environment is not polluted; in addition, organic matters in the organic waste are extracted by subcritical water and absorbed by the semi-cracked straw, and the straw can slowly release fertilizer efficiency when being applied, so that the fertilizer efficiency is more durable.
The organic waste comprises accumulated chicken manure and/or pig manure, mushroom dregs, wheat bran and sludge, wherein the chicken manure and/or pig manure accounts for 3/5 of the total mass, the sludge accounts for 1/5, the mushroom dregs accounts for 1/5 of the wheat bran, and the mushroom dregs accounts for 0.1-1% of the wheat bran. According to the invention, the naturally-occurring silicon dioxide in the animal waste and the calcium carbonate react to synthesize the calcium silicate under the hydrothermal condition, and as the calcium silicate crystals can adsorb heavy metals in the organic fertilizer raw materials in the formation process, after the calcium silicate grows into crystals with stable physical property and high strength, the calcium silicate seals the heavy metals in the crystals, so that the heavy metals are prevented from eluting, the content of the heavy metals in soil is reduced, plants are prevented from absorbing the heavy metals in the organic fertilizer, and the ecological environment risk is effectively solved.
Step 2.1 includes the following three cases:
-case 1: the reaction time is 0.8-1h, the reaction temperature is 180-210 ℃, and the pressure value is 1.9-2.3 MPa;
case 2: the reaction time is 1-1.5h, the reaction temperature is 220-270 ℃, and the pressure value is 2.5-2.9 MPa;
case 3: the reaction time is 1.5-2h, the reaction temperature is 280-300 ℃, and the pressure value is 2.3-2.6 MPa.
In the process of extracting organic matters by subcritical water, seawater continuously sprays organic waste, and different organic matters in the organic waste are extracted by controlling three different temperature values and pressure values, so that the organic matters are completely extracted without damaging the organic matters.
In conclusion, the invention extracts the nutrient substances in the organic matters through the subcritical water, so that the organic waste materials are thoroughly decomposed in the reaction process, the thoroughly decomposed organic matters can release larger fertilizer effect, the subcritical water extracts the nutrient substances to obtain the liquid fertilizer with more uniformly dispersed nutrient substances, and the liquid fertilizer is poured into the semi-cracked straws in the secondary reaction to obtain the solid fertilizer with the straws as the carrier and the organic fertilizer content.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An organic fertilizer preparation apparatus comprising: a first-stage reaction kettle and a second-stage reaction kettle connected with the first-stage reaction kettle through a drainage tube, which is characterized in that,
the primary reaction kettle comprises a buffer layer, an extraction layer and a liquid fertilizer layer, wherein the buffer layer, the extraction layer and the liquid fertilizer layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the connection part of the buffer layer and the extraction layer is provided with an opening and closing door, the top end of the extraction layer is provided with a plurality of water spraying ports, the interlayer of the extraction layer is provided with a temperature controller and a pressure controller, and a filter screen is arranged between the extraction layer and the liquid fertilizer layer;
second grade reation kettle includes broken layer, schizolysis layer and fertile layer admittedly, broken layer is provided with cutting blade, broken layer with the junction of schizolysis layer is provided with the door that opens and shuts, the schizolysis layer top is provided with a plurality of water jets, the schizolysis layer with be provided with the door that opens and shuts between the fertile layer admittedly.
2. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the cracking layer is provided with a water storage layer, the water storage layer is arranged on the outer surface of the cracking layer, and the drainage tube penetrates through the water storage layer.
3. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the buffer layer is provided with agitating unit, agitating unit is by pivot and drive the motor of pivot is constituteed, the motor sets up the buffer layer intermediate layer.
4. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the extraction layer is provided with a discharge port, a push plate is symmetrically arranged with the discharge port and comprises a telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod penetrates through the inner surface of the extraction layer and is connected with a push-pull device arranged on the interlayer of the extraction layer.
5. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the extraction layer surface sets up the reservoir stratum, the reservoir stratum sets up extraction layer surface, the reservoir stratum is connected with the water pipe.
6. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the buffer layer is provided with steam generator, steam generator sets up the buffer layer inlayer, the buffer layer internal surface is provided with a plurality of through-holes, steam generator steam that discharges passes through the through-hole gets into the buffer layer.
7. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the steps of the apparatus are as follows:
s1, preparation step:
1.1, pouring organic waste into a buffer layer to be stirred and mixed, and carrying out steam atomization treatment on the waste in the mixing process;
s2, reaction step:
primary reaction:
2.1, allowing the organic waste treated in the step 1.1 to enter an extraction layer through an opening and closing door, wherein the reaction time is 2-3 h;
2.2, continuously conveying seawater to the water storage layer in the reaction process of the step 2.1, and continuously pouring the seawater to the organic waste in the extraction layer through a spray head;
2.3, allowing seawater to enter the extraction layer to obtain subcritical water, continuously extracting organic matters in the organic waste material by the subcritical water to obtain liquid fertilizer, and allowing the liquid fertilizer to enter the liquid fertilizer layer through a filter screen;
and (3) secondary reaction:
3.1, screening straws, and putting the straws into a cracking layer for semi-cracking treatment;
3.2, in the step 3.1, in the semi-cracking treatment process of the straws, the drainage tube continuously conveys liquid fertilizer to the water storage layer, and the liquid fertilizer continuously sprays the semi-cracked straws through the spray head.
8. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of:
and (3) secondary reaction: before the step 3.2, the straw is placed into a crushing layer, and a rod body in the straw is cut into straw sections of 2-6 cm along the length direction in the crushing layer.
9. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the apparatus comprises: the organic waste comprises accumulated chicken manure and/or pig manure, mushroom dregs, wheat bran and sludge, wherein the chicken manure and/or pig manure accounts for 3/5 of the total mass, the sludge accounts for 1/5, the mushroom dregs accounts for 1/5 of the wheat bran, and the mushroom dregs accounts for 0.1-1% of the wheat bran.
10. The apparatus for preparing organic fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the apparatus comprises:
step 2.1 includes the following three scenarios:
-case 1: the reaction time is 0.8-1h, the reaction temperature is 180-210 ℃, and the pressure value is 1.9-2.3 MPa; case 2: the reaction time is 1-1.5h, the reaction temperature is 220-270 ℃, and the pressure value is 2.5-2.9 MPa; -case 3: the reaction time is 1.5-2h, the reaction temperature is 280-300 ℃, and the pressure value is 2.3-2.6 MPa.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115885656A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-04-04 | 清远市农业科技推广服务中心(清远市农业科学研究所) | Tea water and fertilizer integrated organic liquid fertilizer system and organic planting method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012081457A (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-26 | Akio Hashimoto | Method for manufacturing liquid fertilizer from organic matter residue, organic sludge dehydration residue and household waste by subcritical water treatment,and method for removing harmful metal |
| CN206027152U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-22 | 靖海集团有限公司 | Reation kettle is used in fertile production of marine alga |
| CN110937958A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-31 | 昆山尚威环保生物科技有限公司 | Preparation process of subcritical water hydrolysis organic fertilizer |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012081457A (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-26 | Akio Hashimoto | Method for manufacturing liquid fertilizer from organic matter residue, organic sludge dehydration residue and household waste by subcritical water treatment,and method for removing harmful metal |
| CN206027152U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-22 | 靖海集团有限公司 | Reation kettle is used in fertile production of marine alga |
| CN110937958A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-31 | 昆山尚威环保生物科技有限公司 | Preparation process of subcritical water hydrolysis organic fertilizer |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115885656A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-04-04 | 清远市农业科技推广服务中心(清远市农业科学研究所) | Tea water and fertilizer integrated organic liquid fertilizer system and organic planting method |
| CN115885656B (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-01-02 | 清远市农业科技推广服务中心(清远市农业科学研究所) | Organic liquid fertilizer system based on tea water and fertilizer integration and organic planting method |
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