CN115091024B - Porous metal welding device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Porous metal welding device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115091024B CN115091024B CN202211017837.8A CN202211017837A CN115091024B CN 115091024 B CN115091024 B CN 115091024B CN 202211017837 A CN202211017837 A CN 202211017837A CN 115091024 B CN115091024 B CN 115091024B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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Abstract
The invention discloses a porous metal welding device and a using method thereof, belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and can improve the welding quality of porous metal materials. The welding device includes: a work table for fixing a metal plate to be welded; a welding seam is reserved on the metal plate, and conductive powder is filled in the welding seam; the rolling module is arranged above the workbench and used for rolling the conductive powder in the welding seam; the welding module is arranged above the workbench and used for performing friction stir welding on the welding line after rolling; and the power supply module is used for supplying current to the conductive powder in the welding seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a porous metal welding device and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding.
Background
The high melting point porous foam metal material is a novel functional material. The porous foam metal has a special three-dimensional structure, so the porous foam metal has the characteristics of buffering and damping, electromagnetic shielding, sound and noise reduction, heat preservation and heat insulation and the like. The porous foam metal has a through-hole rate of more than 98%, almost has a full-penetration structure, has the characteristics of small pressure drop, large flow, good penetration performance and the like, and is an ideal filter material. The tiny pore passages in the porous foam metal play a role in trapping and blocking flow of solid impurities in a fluid phase, and can remove magazine solid particles in the fluid phase, thereby achieving the functions of separation and purification. With the development of porous metal foams, especially the application of porous metal foams in the field of separation and filtration, the connection problem of the metal foams has become one of the bottleneck problems of the development of the metal foams.
Friction stir welding is a solid state plastic flow welding technique. At present, the friction stir welding technology is widely applied to the connection of low-melting-point metal materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like; and the connection of high-melting-point metal materials such as titanium alloy, carbon steel, high-temperature alloy and the like can also be realized. However, due to the high melting point of the high-melting-point metal material, the temperature required to achieve friction stir plastic flow is high, which leads to the following disadvantages: on the one hand, high-quality connection of high-melting-point metal materials is difficult to realize; on the other hand, friction stir welding of high-melting point metal materials has higher requirements on the performance of a welding tool, wherein the welding tool is a stirring head, and the abrasion of the stirring head is accelerated under the high-temperature welding condition, so that the service life of the stirring head is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a porous metal welding device and a using method thereof, which can improve the welding quality of porous metal materials.
The invention provides a porous metal welding device, comprising:
a work table for fixing a metal plate to be welded; a welding seam is reserved on the metal plate, and conductive powder is filled in the welding seam;
the rolling module is arranged above the workbench and used for rolling the conductive powder in the welding seam;
the welding module is arranged above the workbench and used for performing friction stir welding on the welding line after rolling;
and the power supply module is used for supplying current to the conductive powder in the welding seam.
Optionally, the power supply module includes a power supply;
the power supply is electrically connected with the welding module and the rolling module;
and a conductive loop is formed among the power supply, the welding module, the rolling module and the conductive powder between the welding module and the rolling module.
Optionally, the power supply module includes a power supply and a first conductive block, and the first conductive block is disposed at one end of the welding seam;
the power supply is electrically connected with the first conductive block and the welding module;
conductive loops are formed among the power source, the first conductive block, the welding module, and the conductive powder between the first conductive block and the welding module.
Optionally, the power supply module includes a power supply and two second conductive blocks, and the two second conductive blocks are arranged at two ends of the welding seam;
the power supply is electrically connected with the two second conductive blocks;
and a conductive loop is formed between the two second conductive blocks and the conductive powder between the two second conductive blocks.
Optionally, the welding module includes:
the welding host is used for moving along the welding seam;
and the stirring head is connected with the welding host and used for stirring friction welding along the welding line under the driving of the welding host.
Optionally, the rolling module includes:
and the rolling roller is connected with the welding host and used for rolling the conductive powder along the welding seam under the driving of the welding host.
Optionally, the welding device further includes:
and the spraying module is used for filling the conductive powder into the welding seam.
Optionally, the spraying module includes:
the supersonic spraying nozzle is connected with the welding host, and is arranged on one side, far away from the stirring head, of the rolling roller.
Optionally, the work table includes:
an insulating plate for placing the metal plate;
and the clamp is arranged on the insulating plate and used for fixing the metal plate.
Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a method of using a welding apparatus applied to any one of the above porous metals, the method including:
fixing two metal plates to be welded on the workbench after butt joint, and reserving a welding line;
filling the conductive powder into the welding line;
and controlling the rolling module to roll the conductive powder and controlling the welding module to perform friction stir welding.
The invention can produce the beneficial effects that:
when the welding device for the porous metal is used, firstly, the conductive powder is filled in a welding seam, then, the conductive powder in the welding seam is rolled by the rolling module, and finally, the current is supplied to the conductive powder by the power supply module and the stirring friction welding is carried out by the welding device; the electric current that the power module circular telegram produced is at welding seam department self-resistance heating, it heats welding seam department material and conductive powder jointly with the frictional heat that welding set produced when friction stir welding, the mobility of welding seam department material has been improved, and the metal sheet the density of rolling back welding seam part will be higher than not rolling the part far away, consequently roll the resistance of back welding seam part can be less than the resistance that does not roll the part far away, thereby lead to the electric current mainly along rolling back welding seam part and conduct, ensure promptly that the electric energy concentrates on the welding seam position, the energy utilization of electric current and whole welding set's security performance has been improved greatly, thereby improve the welding quality to porous metal material.
When the welding device is used, the conductive powder and the metal plate are welded under the stirring friction of the stirring head, namely, an alloying reaction is generated in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment; on one hand, the current introduced by the power supply module can promote the alloying reaction to be carried out, so that an alloy compound can be quickly formed, and the fusion of welding seams during welding is promoted; on the other hand, the abrasion of the stirring head can be reduced, and the service life of the stirring head is prolonged.
The rolling roller of the welding device provided by the invention can be used for rolling and rolling the conductive powder, so that the conductive powder can be compacted.
When the power supply is connected with the stirring head and the rolling roller, the current is mainly conducted between the stirring head and the rolling roller, when the stirring head and the rolling roller are controlled to move simultaneously through the welding host, the current conducting area changes in real time in the whole welding process, the length of the electrified welding seam is kept unchanged all the time, and the heating efficiency of the current is further improved.
When the welding device is used, the areas through which current flows comprise the areas where the welding seams are not welded and the areas where friction stir welding is performed, and the current is used for heating and preprocessing materials before welding; meanwhile, the friction stir welding process is a process of severe plastic deformation of the metal material, and the pulse current is applied to effectively promote the alloying reaction in the welding process and promote the recrystallization of the metal material so as to refine crystal grains, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the welding line and ensuring the welding quality of the porous metal.
According to the welding device, the conductive powder is uniformly filled in the welding seam and/or the porous metal plates on two sides of the welding seam through the supersonic spraying nozzle, and as the size of the conductive powder is smaller than that of the pores of the porous metal plates, under supersonic spraying, the conductive powder collides with the porous metal plates, so that part of the conductive powder enters the porous metal plates and the welding seam from the pores, and the other part of the conductive powder is uniformly deposited on the surfaces of the porous metal plates, so that the firmness of the conductive powder and the porous metal plates and the uniformity of the distribution of the conductive powder in the porous metal plates are improved, the metallurgical reaction between the conductive powder and the metal plates and the uniformity of temperature canvas in the friction stir welding process are facilitated, the fusion of the metal plates and the conductive powder in the friction stir welding process are facilitated, and the uniformity of the welded seam can also be improved.
The air flow sprayed by the supersonic spraying nozzle of the welding device is hot air flow, the temperature of the sprayed air flow is above 300 ℃, and the temperature of the welding seam can be increased in the spraying process, so that the spraying gas heating, the current heating and the stirring friction heating are cooperatively heated, the temperature of the welding seam during welding is increased, the requirement of the stirring head on the friction heat in the stirring friction process is reduced, the requirement on the performance of the stirring head is lowered, the abrasion and the oxidation of the stirring head are reduced, and the service life of the stirring head is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a porous metal welding apparatus along a direction of a weld joint according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a porous metal welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along a welding direction;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method of using a porous metal welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
List of parts and reference numerals:
1. a metal plate; 2. welding; 3. a power source; 4. a stirring head; 5. rolling the roller; 6. a supersonic spray nozzle; 7. an insulating plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a welding apparatus for porous metal, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the welding apparatus for porous metal includes:
a work table for fixing a metal plate 1 to be welded; a welding seam 2 is reserved on the metal plate 1, and the welding seam 2 is filled with conductive powder;
the rolling module is arranged above the workbench and used for rolling the conductive powder in the welding seam 2;
the welding module is arranged above the workbench and used for carrying out friction stir welding on the welding seam 2 after rolling;
and the power supply module is used for supplying current to the conductive powder in the welding seam 2.
The arrow direction below the insulating plate 7 in fig. 1 is the welding direction of the welding device for porous metal of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, when the welding device for porous metal of the present invention is used, the conductive powder is filled into the welding seam 2, then the conductive powder in the welding seam 2 is rolled by the rolling module, finally, the current is supplied to the conductive powder by the power supply module, and the welding device is used for friction stir welding; the current generated by electrifying the power supply module generates heat at the welding seam 2 through self resistance, and the welding seam 2 material and the conductive powder are heated together with the friction heat generated by the welding device during the friction stir welding.
The conductive powder may be a metal conductive powder or a non-metal conductive powder.
Specifically, the metal conductive powder is one of copper powder with the granularity of 50-500 meshes and the purity of more than 70%, base material powder of a metal plate 1 to be welded with the granularity of 100-600 meshes and stainless steel powder with the granularity of 200-500 meshes.
The non-metal conductive powder is one of graphene powder, graphite powder and carbon nano tube powder. The use of non-metallic powders also allows the formation of new composite materials under the action of friction stir and electric current.
For example: when porous metal materials such as foamed aluminum, foamed titanium, foamed copper and the like are welded, a metal/carbon composite material (such as a copper/graphene composite material) or a compound of metal and nonmetal is formed by filling a welding seam with one of graphene powder, graphite powder and carbon nanotube powder as conductive powder, and the reaction is accelerated in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment formed by current and friction stir.
Further, the conductive powder may be attached to the inside of the weld 2, the surface of the porous foam metal plate and the inside pores by means of throwing, spraying, electroplating or electroless plating.
Further, the work bench includes an insulating plate 7 and a jig. The metal sheet 1 to be welded is a porous metal sheet 1, in this example a porous foam metal sheet.
The porous foam metal plate to be welded is placed on the insulating plate 7, and the clamp is mounted on the insulating plate 7 and used for fixing the porous foam metal plate placed on the insulating plate 7 and ensuring that the porous foam metal plate cannot move in the welding process; in this embodiment, the material and shape of the insulating plate 7 and the jig are not limited.
Further, the welding module comprises a welding host and a stirring head 4. Wherein the welding host moves along the welding seam 2; the stirring head 4 is connected with the welding host and is used for stirring friction welding along the welding line 2 under the driving of the welding host.
Further, the laminating module comprises a laminating roller 5. Wherein, roll 5 is connected with the welding host computer for along welding seam 2 roll electrically conductive powder under the drive of welding host computer. Through rolling the roller 5 and rolling electrically conductive powder, can roll electrically conductive powder closely knit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rolling module can also be a structure that the rolling plate, the rolling wheel and the like can roll the conductive powder compactly.
Further, the welding device also comprises a spraying module. The spraying module is used for filling conductive powder into the welding seam 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the spraying module can be a spraying nozzle, an electroplating device and other devices which can be used for filling or throwing the conductive powder.
Preferably, the spraying module comprises a supersonic spraying nozzle 6, the supersonic spraying nozzle 6 is connected with the welding host, and the supersonic spraying nozzle 6 is arranged on one side of the rolling roller 5 far away from the stirring head 4.
In the embodiment, in order to ensure the current safety, the supersonic spraying nozzle 6, the rolling roller 5 and the stirring head 4 are insulated and fixedly connected with the welding host; during the use of the whole welding device, the positions of the supersonic spraying nozzle 6, the grinding roller 5 and the stirring head 4 are kept fixed.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the power supply module includes a power supply 3;
the power supply 3 is electrically connected with the welding module and the rolling module;
and a conductive loop is formed among the power supply 3, the welding module, the rolling module and the conductive powder between the welding module and the rolling module.
Specifically, one end of the power supply 3 is electrically connected with the stirring head 4, and the other end is electrically connected with the rolling roller 5. A conductive loop is formed among the power supply 3, the rolling roller 5, the stirring head 4, and the conductive powder between the rolling roller 5 and the stirring head 4.
Make the electric current mainly in the transmission between stirring head 4 and the roller 5 of rolling, when controlling stirring head 4 and the roller 5 of rolling simultaneously through the welding host computer and move, the conduction area of electric current changes in real time at whole welding process, and 2 length of the welding seam of circular telegram remain unchanged all the time, has further improved the heating efficiency of electric current.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the power supply module comprises a power source 3 and a first conductive block, the first conductive block is disposed at one end of the welding seam 2;
the power supply 3 is electrically connected with the first conductive block and the welding module;
a conductive loop is formed between the power source 3, the first conductive block, the welding module, and the conductive powder between the first conductive block and the welding module.
Specifically, one end of the power supply 3 is electrically connected to the first conductive block, and the other end is electrically connected to the stirring head 4. A conductive loop is formed between the power source 3, the first conductive block, the stirring head 4, and the conductive powder between the first conductive block and the stirring head 4.
In another embodiment of the invention, the power supply module comprises a power supply 3 and two second conductive blocks, and the two second conductive blocks are arranged at two ends of the welding seam 2;
the power supply 3 is electrically connected with the two second conductive blocks;
and a conductive loop is formed between the two second conductive blocks and the conductive powder between the two second conductive blocks.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a use method of the welding device applied to the porous metal, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing two metal plates 1 to be welded on a workbench after butt joint, and reserving a welding seam 2;
s2, filling conductive powder into the welding seam 2;
and S3, controlling the rolling module to roll the conductive powder, and controlling the welding module to perform friction stir welding.
In this embodiment, the method specifically includes:
two porous metal foam plates to be welded are placed on the insulating plate 7 after being butted, and the butted porous metal foam plates are fixed through a clamp; the butt joint of two porous metal foam sheets to be welded will form a weld 2.
And switching on the power supply 3, then controlling the welding host to move along the welding seam 2, and driving the supersonic spraying nozzle 6, the rolling roller 5 and the stirring head 4 to move along the welding seam 2 through the welding host. Controlling a supersonic spraying nozzle 6 to spray conductive powder on the welding seam 2 and the surfaces of the porous metal foam plates on the two sides of the welding seam 2; meanwhile, the rolling roller 5 is controlled to roll the welding line 2 sprayed with the conductive powder, and the stirring head 4 is controlled to perform friction stir welding.
The porous metal welding device can improve the fluidity of materials at the welding seam 2, and the compactness of the welding seam 2 part of the metal plate 1 after rolling is far higher than that of the part which is not rolled, so that the resistance of the welding seam 2 part after rolling is far lower than that of the part which is not rolled, and current is mainly conducted along the welding seam 2 part after rolling, namely, the electric energy is ensured to be intensively acted on the welding seam 2 position, and the energy utilization rate of the current and the safety performance of the whole welding device are greatly improved. For example: when the porous foam metal plate is a foam nickel plate and the filled conductive powder is copper powder, copper-nickel alloy can be formed in the stirring friction process, and the current can accelerate the alloying reaction process, because the current joule heating effect at the combination interface of copper and nickel is higher than that in the simple substance metal, the alloy reaction can be accelerated by the instantly generated high temperature.
When the welding device is used, the conductive powder and the metal plate 1 are welded under the stirring friction of the stirring head 4, namely, an alloying reaction is generated in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment; on one hand, the current introduced by the power supply module can promote the alloying reaction to be carried out, so that an alloy compound can be quickly formed, and the fusion of the welding seam 2 during welding is promoted; on the other hand, the wear of the pin 4 can be reduced, and the life of the pin 4 can be prolonged.
The rolling roller 5 of the welding device provided by the invention rolls and rolls the conductive powder, so that the conductive powder can be compacted.
When the power supply 3 is connected with the stirring head 4 and the rolling roller 5, the current is mainly conducted between the stirring head 4 and the rolling roller 5, when the stirring head 4 and the rolling roller 5 are controlled to move simultaneously through the welding host, the conducting area of the current changes in real time in the whole welding process, the length of the electrified welding seam 2 is kept unchanged all the time, and the heating efficiency of the current is further improved.
When the welding device is used, the areas through which current flows comprise the areas where the welding seams 2 are not welded and the areas where friction stir welding is performed, and the current is used for heating and preprocessing materials before welding; meanwhile, the friction stir welding process is a process of severe plastic deformation of the metal material, and the pulse current is applied to effectively promote the alloying reaction in the welding process and promote the recrystallization of the metal material so as to refine crystal grains, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the welding line 2 and ensuring the welding quality of the porous metal.
According to the welding device, the supersonic spraying nozzle 6 is used for uniformly filling the conductive powder into the inside of the welding seam 2 and/or the porous metal plate 1 at two sides of the welding seam 2, and as the size of the conductive powder is smaller than that of the pores of the porous metal plate 1, under supersonic spraying, the conductive powder collides with the porous metal plate 1, so that a part of the conductive powder enters the porous metal plate 1 and the inside of the welding seam 2 from the pores, and the other part of the conductive powder is uniformly deposited on the surface of the porous metal plate 1, so that the firmness of the conductive powder and the porous metal plate 1 and the uniformity of the distribution of the conductive powder in the porous metal plate 1 are improved, the metallurgical reaction between the conductive powder and the metal plate 1 in the friction stir welding process and the uniformity of temperature canvas are facilitated, the fusion of the metal plate 1 and the conductive powder in the friction stir welding process are facilitated, and the uniformity of the welding seam 2 after welding can be improved.
The air flow sprayed by the supersonic spraying nozzle 6 of the welding device is hot air flow, the temperature of the sprayed air flow is above 300 ℃, and the temperature of the welding seam 2 can be increased in the spraying process, so that the spraying gas heating, the current heating and the friction stir heating can be cooperatively heated, the temperature of the welding seam 2 during welding is increased, the requirement of the stirring head 4 on the friction heat in the friction stir process is reduced, the requirement on the performance of the stirring head 4 is lowered, the abrasion and the oxidation of the stirring head 4 are reduced, and the service life of the stirring head 4 is prolonged.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A porous metal welding apparatus, comprising:
a work table for fixing a metal plate to be welded; a welding seam is reserved on the metal plate, and conductive powder is filled in the welding seam;
the spraying module is used for filling the conductive powder into the welding seam;
the rolling module is arranged above the workbench and used for rolling the conductive powder in the welding seam;
the welding module is arranged above the workbench and used for performing friction stir welding on the welding line after rolling;
the power supply module is used for supplying current to the conductive powder in the welding seam;
the welding module includes:
the welding host is used for moving along the welding seam;
the stirring head is connected with the welding host and is used for stirring friction welding along the welding line under the driving of the welding host;
the roller compaction module comprises:
and the rolling roller is connected with the welding host and used for rolling the conductive powder along the welding seam under the driving of the welding host.
2. The welding device of claim 1, wherein the power module comprises a power source;
the power supply is electrically connected with the welding module and the rolling module;
and a conductive loop is formed among the power supply, the welding module, the rolling module and the conductive powder between the welding module and the rolling module.
3. The welding device of claim 1, wherein the power module comprises a power source and a first conductive block disposed at one end of the weld;
the power supply is electrically connected with the first conductive block and the welding module;
conductive loops are formed among the power source, the first conductive block, the welding module, and the conductive powder between the first conductive block and the welding module.
4. The welding device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply module comprises a power supply and two second conductive blocks, and the two second conductive blocks are arranged at two ends of the welding seam;
the power supply is electrically connected with the two second conductive blocks;
and a conductive loop is formed between the two second conductive blocks and the conductive powder between the two second conductive blocks.
5. The welding device of claim 1, wherein the spray module comprises:
the supersonic spraying nozzle is connected with the welding host, and is arranged on one side of the rolling roller, which is far away from the stirring head.
6. The welding device of claim 1, wherein the work table comprises:
an insulating plate for placing the metal plate;
and the clamp is arranged on the insulating plate and used for fixing the metal plate.
7. Use of a welding device for porous metals according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises:
fixing two metal plates to be welded on the workbench after butt joint, and reserving a welding line;
filling the conductive powder into the welding seam;
and controlling the rolling module to roll the conductive powder, and simultaneously controlling the welding module to carry out friction stir welding.
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