CN115090826B - Material for improving collapsibility of investment casting shell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Material for improving collapsibility of investment casting shell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115090826B CN115090826B CN202210790239.8A CN202210790239A CN115090826B CN 115090826 B CN115090826 B CN 115090826B CN 202210790239 A CN202210790239 A CN 202210790239A CN 115090826 B CN115090826 B CN 115090826B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
Abstract
The application discloses a material for improving collapsibility of an investment casting shell and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of investment casting. A material for improving collapsibility of an investment casting shell, comprising a two-layer material and a back layer material, wherein the two-layer material comprises the following components: mullite powder and zirconium powder, wherein the backing layer material comprises the following components: mullite powder, fine quartz powder, fused quartz powder and graphite powder. The material for improving the collapsibility of the investment casting shell and the preparation method thereof ensure that the shell has enough normal-temperature strength, high-temperature strength and lower residual strength, ensures qualified and stable casting quality while improving the collapsibility of the shell, has low cost and is favorable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a material for improving collapsibility of an investment casting shell and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of investment casting.
Background
The requirements of the precision casting industry on the shell performance are generally that the casting has higher normal temperature strength, high temperature strength and lower residual strength, so that the surface of the manufactured casting is qualified and sand is easy to clean. In the two-layer and back-layer materials used at present, the main material of the slurry and the sand is mullite sand, and the main mineral component of the gangue sand is mullite (3 Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) The method is characterized in that the hard clay (such as bauxite or kaolin) is sintered at a high temperature (1300-1500 ℃) to obtain a sintered block, and then the sintered block is crushed and screened, and contains a certain amount of impurities, wherein the impurities are converted into colored glaze-like substances after being roasted at a high temperature, are adhered to the surface of a casting, are difficult to clean, are removed in a subsequent mode of adopting hot sand removal or sand blasting and shot blasting, and generate a large amount of waste gas, smoke dust and waste materials, so that the environment is polluted.
At present, the improvement of the collapsibility of the shell is mainly to mix other substances into slurry or sand of a two-layer or back layer, so that the high-temperature strength of the shell is slightly reduced and the residual strength is greatly reduced when the shell is ensured to have good normal-temperature strength. The existing additives mainly comprise kaolinite, wood fiber, carbon fiber, a dispersant and other materials; however, these materials are too expensive to be used in batch, or other problems occur while the collapsibility is reduced, so that part of castings are unqualified in quality and cannot be popularized and applied comprehensively.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the material for improving the collapsibility of the investment casting shell and the preparation method thereof are provided, so that the shell has enough normal-temperature strength, high-temperature strength and lower residual strength, the collapsibility of the shell is improved, the quality of castings is ensured to be qualified and stable, the cost is low, and the popularization and the application are facilitated.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a material for improving collapsibility of an investment casting shell, comprising a two-layer material and a back layer material, wherein the two-layer material comprises the following components: mullite powder and zirconium powder, wherein the backing layer material comprises the following components: mullite powder, fine quartz powder, fused quartz powder and graphite powder.
Preferably, the two-layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of mullite powder and 20-50 parts of zirconium powder, wherein the backing layer material comprises the following components: 10-25 parts of mullite powder, 20-30 parts of refined quartz powder, 40-60 parts of fused quartz powder and 5-10 parts of graphite powder.
Preferably, the two-layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of mullite powder and 50 parts of zirconium powder, wherein the backing layer material comprises the following components: 20 parts of mullite powder, 30 parts of refined quartz powder, 45 parts of fused quartz powder and 5 parts of graphite powder.
Preferably, the zirconium powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: zrO (ZrO) 2 More than or equal to 65 parts of TiO 2 Less than or equal to 0.4 part of Fe 2 O 3 Less than or equal to 0.1 part;
the melting point of the zirconium powder is 1948 ℃ and the volume density is 3.9-4.9g/cm 3 A linear expansion coefficient of 4.6X10 -6 1/℃。
Preferably, the mullite powder comprises the following weight percentThe components in parts by weight: siO (SiO) 2 48.53 parts of Al 2 O 3 47.35 parts, fe 2 O 3 0.88 part of TiO 2 2.03 parts of CaO, 0.13 part, K 2 O0.46 part, na 2 0.05 parts of O;
the mullite powder has a melting point of 1800 ℃ and a bulk density of 3.1-3.5g/cm 3 A linear expansion coefficient of 6X 10 - 6 1/℃。
Preferably, the refined quartz powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: siO (SiO) 2 99.9 parts or more of Al 2 O 3 Less than or equal to 0.1 part of Fe 2 O 3 Less than or equal to 0.1 part;
the melting point of the refined quartz powder is 1700 ℃, and the volume density is 2.2g/cm 3 The linear expansion coefficient is (0.51-0.63) x 10 -6 1/℃。
Preferably, the fused quartz powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: siO (SiO) 2 99.9 parts or more;
the melting point of the fused quartz powder is 1700 ℃ and the volume density is 2.2g/cm 3 The linear expansion coefficient is (0.51-0.63) x 10 -6 1/℃。
Preferably, the graphite powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: c is more than or equal to 99.0 parts;
the melting point of the graphite powder is 2000 ℃ and the volume density is 1.6g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the mullite powder, the zirconium powder, the fused silica powder, and the refined silica powder have a particle size of 200 mesh and the graphite powder has a particle size of 800 mesh.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method of preparing a material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell as defined in any one of the above, comprising the steps of:
(1) Weighing the components in the two-layer material and the back layer material according to the weight portion ratio, and respectively placing the two-layer material and the back layer material in a powder mixer for uniformly stirring to obtain a two-layer premix and a back layer premix;
(2) And respectively roasting the two-layer premix and the back layer premix at 110-130 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the two-layer material and the back layer material.
Benefits of the present application include, but are not limited to:
1. the material for improving the collapsibility of the investment casting shell is provided with two layers of materials and a back layer of materials, wherein each component has good purity, linear expansion coefficient and refractoriness, so that the shell material has enough normal-temperature strength, high-temperature strength and lower residual strength, the collapsibility of the shell is improved, the casting quality is ensured to be qualified and stable, and meanwhile, the shell is easy to clean, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
2. The material for improving the collapsibility of the investment casting shell has the advantages that the preparation method is simple, the required shell cleaning time is shorter, and the production efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the probability of product deformation is reduced, and the product quality is stabilized; and each component has low price, thus reducing the production cost.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a first casting diagram after the conventional shell casting tree is vibrated according to the application 3.1.
Fig. 2 is a first casting drawing of the present invention after the inventive cast tree is vibrated for the cast tree according to application 3.2.
Fig. 3 is a second casting diagram of the conventional shell casting tree according to application 3.1 after shell vibration.
Fig. 4 is a second casting drawing of the present invention after the inventive cast tree is vibrated for the cast tree according to application 3.2.
Fig. 5 is a first casting diagram after shot blasting of a conventional shell casting according to application 3.1.
Fig. 6 is a first casting drawing of the inventive shell casting of the present invention after shot blasting.
Fig. 7 is a second casting diagram of a conventional shell casting of the present application 3.1 after shot blasting.
Fig. 8 is a second casting diagram of the inventive shell casting of the present invention after shot blasting.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but rather as providing those skilled in the art with some simple alternatives or modifications in light of the teachings of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials in the examples of the present application were purchased commercially.
1. Material for improving collapsibility of investment casting shell and effect evaluation
(1) The following examples and comparative examples use shell materials having the respective composition and physical parameters shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
(2) Material formula for improving collapsibility of investment casting shell
The specific results of the components in the two-layer material according to the weight parts are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the cost of the two-layer material in example 4 is highest, but the two-layer material is easy to clean and has good surface quality, so that the two-layer material is an optimal proportioning scheme.
The concrete results of the proportions of the components in the backing layer material in parts by weight based on example 4 are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the cost of example 8 is low, the effect of cleaning the shell is optimal, and the quality of the product is good and the product is easy to use, so that the product is an optimal proportioning scheme of the backing layer material.
2. Preparation method of material for improving collapsibility of investment casting shell
The preparation method of the two-layer material of example 4 and the back layer material of example 8 will be described in detail.
A preparation method of a material for improving collapsibility of an investment casting shell comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components in the two-layer material and the back layer material according to the weight portion ratio, and respectively placing the two-layer material and the back layer material in a powder mixer for uniformly stirring to obtain a two-layer premix and a back layer premix;
wherein the two-layer material comprises the following components: 50 parts of mullite powder and 50 parts of zirconium powder, wherein the backing layer material comprises the following components: 20 parts of mullite powder, 30 parts of refined quartz powder, 45 parts of fused quartz powder and 5 parts of graphite powder;
(2) The two-layer premix and the back layer premix were each baked at 120℃for 3 hours, and cooled to room temperature, to obtain a two-layer material of example 4 and a back layer material of example 8.
3. Traditional shell and production process of shell
The investment casting process comprises the steps of wax pressing, wax repairing, tree assembling, shell making, dewaxing, roasting, casting, cutting, cleaning, surface pretreatment, inspection, finishing, heat treatment (if necessary), surface finishing, shaping (if necessary), inspection, processing (if necessary), and warehousing.
3.1 preparation of traditional shell: the surface layer is made of zirconium powder and silica sol according to the weight ratio of (3.6-4.1) 1 to prepare slurry, and zirconium sand is hung; preparing slurry by using zirconium powder on the two layers, and hanging coal gangue sand; the transition layer and the back layer use coal gangue powder to prepare slurry, and coal gangue sand is hung; the sealing slurry is slurry prepared from gangue powder. And (3) after the module with the good tree is soaked in a cleaning solution, zirconium sand is hung after the slurry of the surface layer is dipped, two layers of operation are carried out after drying, the operation of the two layers and the subsequent layers is the same as that of the surface layer, the slurry is dipped firstly, sand is hung later, and finally the module is dried, so that the manufacturing of the mould shell is completed.
3.2 preparation of the inventive shell (detailed description of the two-layer material of example 4 and the backing layer material of example 8) is given by way of example: the preparation process of the surface layer material is the same as the traditional process; preparing slurry by using 50 parts of mullite powder and 50 parts of zirconium powder in the second layer, and hanging coal gangue sand; the transition layer, the back layer and the sealing slurry are prepared from 20 parts of mullite powder, 30 parts of refined quartz powder, 45 parts of fused quartz powder and 5 parts of graphite powder, and coal gangue sand is hung. And (3) after the module with the good tree is soaked in a cleaning solution, zirconium sand is hung after the slurry of the surface layer is dipped, two layers of operation are carried out after drying, the operation of the two layers and the subsequent layers is the same as that of the surface layer, the slurry is dipped firstly, sand is hung later, and finally the module is dried, so that the manufacturing of the mould shell is completed.
4. Batch application effect evaluation of shells prepared by adopting 3, traditional shells and production process of shells of the invention
More than 300 products are produced within 1 year, materials such as high-temperature alloy, austenitic stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, carbon steel, low-alloy steel and the like are covered, the collapsibility of the shell is obviously improved compared with that of the traditional shell, the products prepared by the high-temperature alloy and the austenitic stainless steel have no obvious difference, the quality is qualified and stable, the batch use requirement is met, and the result is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the shell of the invention has good collapsibility, low surface roughness, qualified and stable quality, and the time required for sand blasting is reduced by more than 1.5 times compared with the traditional shell, thereby shortening the operation time and improving the production efficiency.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application, and the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments, but is defined by the claims of the present application. Various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the technical ideas and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The material for improving the collapsibility of the investment casting shell is characterized by comprising two layers of materials and a back layer of materials, wherein the two layers of materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of mullite powder and 50 parts of zirconium powder, wherein the backing layer material comprises the following components: 20 parts of mullite powder, 30 parts of refined quartz powder, 45 parts of fused quartz powder and 5 parts of graphite powder.
2. The material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell according to claim 1, wherein the zirconium powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: zrO (ZrO) 2 More than or equal to 65 parts of TiO 2 Less than or equal to 0.4 part of Fe 2 O 3 Less than or equal to 0.1 part;
the melting point of the zirconium powder is 1948 ℃ and the volume density is 3.9-4.9g/cm 3 A linear expansion coefficient of 4.6X10 -6 1/℃。
3. The material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell according to claim 1, wherein the mullite powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: siO (SiO) 2 48.53 parts of Al 2 O 3 47.35 parts, fe 2 O 3 0.88 part of TiO 2 2.03 parts of CaO, 0.13 part, K 2 O0.46 part, na 2 0.05 parts of O;
the mullite powder has a melting point of 1800 ℃ and a bulk density of 3.1-3.5g/cm 3 A linear expansion coefficient of 6X 10 -6 1/℃。
4. The material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell of claim 1, wherein the fine quartz powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: siO (SiO) 2 99.9 parts or more of Al 2 O 3 Less than or equal to 0.1 part of Fe 2 O 3 Less than or equal to 0.1 part;
the melting point of the refined quartz powder is 1700 ℃, and the volume density is 2.2g/cm 3 The linear expansion coefficient is (0.51-0.63) x 10 -6 1/℃。
5. The material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell of claim 1, wherein the fused silica flour comprises the following components in parts by weight: siO (SiO) 2 99.9 parts or more;
the melting point of the fused quartz powder is 1700 ℃ and the volume density is 2.2g/cm 3 The linear expansion coefficient is (0.51-0.63) x 10 -6 1/℃。
6. The material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell according to claim 1, wherein the graphite powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: c is more than or equal to 99.0 parts;
the melting point of the graphite powder is 2000 ℃ and the volume density is 1.6g/cm 3 。
7. The material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell of claim 1, wherein the mullite powder, the zirconium powder, the fused silica powder, and the fine silica powder have a grain size of 200 mesh and the graphite powder has a grain size of 800 mesh.
8. The method of preparing a material for improving the collapsibility of an investment casting shell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) Weighing the components in the two-layer material and the back layer material according to the weight portion ratio, and respectively placing the two-layer material and the back layer material in a powder mixer for uniformly stirring to obtain a two-layer premix and a back layer premix;
(2) And respectively roasting the two-layer premix and the back layer premix at 110-130 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the two-layer material and the back layer material.
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