CN115090705B

CN115090705B - Copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die and casting, upsetting and extruding method

Info

Publication number: CN115090705B
Application number: CN202211034792.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛智有; 刘少君; 王晓辉; 彭鑫磊
Original assignee: Tianshui Pneumatic Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Tianshui Pneumatic Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-26
Filing date: 2022-08-26
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-26
Also published as: CN115090705A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy casting and processing, and discloses a copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die and a casting, upsetting and extruding method, which aim to solve the technical problems in the processing of alloy sleeve parts in the prior art, wherein the die comprises a bottom plate, the bottom of the bottom plate is provided with an ejection oil cylinder, the top of the bottom plate is provided with a die holder, a large ejector rod is arranged in the die holder, a female die is arranged on the die holder, the lower part of the female die is provided with one end of the large ejector rod, and the other end of the large ejector rod is arranged at the top of the bottom plate; a cover plate is arranged above the female die, the edge of the cover plate is in sliding connection with a guide pillar arranged on the bottom plate, a dovetail groove is formed in the middle of the cover plate, a sliding block is arranged in the dovetail groove, upsetting and extruding punches and backward extruding punches are symmetrically arranged on the sliding block, and a power mechanism for moving the sliding block is arranged on the side portion of the sliding block. The invention integrates metal mold casting, warm upsetting extrusion and cold backward extrusion into a whole, applies a set of die to realize three functions, can continuously produce and improves the production efficiency of copper alloy sleeve parts.

Description

Copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die and casting, upsetting and extruding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of copper alloy casting and processing, in particular to a copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die and a casting, upsetting and extruding method.

Background

At present, in the domestic manufacture of blanks for processing similar high-strength copper alloy sleeve parts, some enterprises adopt bar materials as blanks, and some enterprises manufacture the blanks by single-step extrusion of the bar materials. The high-strength copper alloy sleeve part is an important part, not only is wear-resistant but also has certain strength, and the service life of the whole machine is influenced to a great extent. Most of the copper alloy sleeve parts are easy-to-wear parts, the annual consumption is large, and the processing technology is complicated and the cost is high.

In addition, during the manufacturing of parts by an enterprise, a large amount of chips are generated, as well as scrap and defective parts during machining. These chips, scrap pieces and scrap parts are often disposed of as waste. If the cutting scraps, the waste material heads and the waste parts are utilized to produce alloy parts, the method has positive significance for reducing the enterprise cost.

In view of the above, the improvement of the production efficiency of the copper alloy sleeve parts and the utilization of the cutting scraps, scrap heads and waste parts are technical problems to be solved, and in addition, in the prior art, the processes of casting, upsetting extrusion, backward extrusion and the like of the copper alloy sleeve parts are processed on different dies, so that continuous production cannot be realized, and the prior art does not find a die for manufacturing a blank for processing the high-strength copper alloy sleeve parts by using a set of dies for continuous production by combining metal mold casting, warm upsetting extrusion and cold backward extrusion.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the processing of copper alloy sleeve parts in the prior art and provides a copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die comprises a bottom plate, wherein an ejection oil cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate, a die holder is arranged at the top of the bottom plate, a large ejector rod is arranged in the die holder, a female die is arranged on the die holder, one end of the large ejector rod is arranged at the lower part of the female die, and the other end of the large ejector rod is arranged at the top of the bottom plate; a cover plate is arranged above the female die, the edge of the cover plate is in sliding connection with a guide pillar arranged on the bottom plate, a dovetail groove is formed in the middle of the cover plate, a sliding block is arranged in the dovetail groove, upsetting and extruding punches and backward extruding punches are symmetrically arranged on the sliding block, and a power mechanism for moving the sliding block is arranged on the side portion of the sliding block.

Furthermore, a concave die hole with a small upper part and a large lower part is formed in the middle of the prestressed ring, a concave die is installed in the concave die hole, a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel are arranged on the prestressed ring, the water inlet channel is communicated with a water inlet cooling ring groove formed in the inner side of the middle of the prestressed ring, the water outlet channel is communicated with a water outlet cooling ring groove formed in the inner side of the middle of the prestressed ring, and the water inlet cooling ring groove is communicated with the water outlet cooling ring groove through an overflow groove.

Furthermore, one side of the cover plate is provided with a first limiting block used for limiting the stroke of the sliding block during upsetting and extrusion, and the other side of the cover plate is provided with a second limiting block used for limiting the stroke of the sliding block during backward extrusion.

Furthermore, the bottom of the sliding block is detachably provided with an upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve, a conical mounting hole is formed in the inner side of the upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve, the upsetting-extruding punch is mounted in the conical mounting hole, and an upper padding plate is mounted at the top of the upsetting-extruding punch.

Further, the bottom of slider still can dismantle and be equipped with the fixed cover of backward extrusion drift, and the fixed cover inboard of backward extrusion drift is equipped with the drift protective sheath, and big-end-up's location mounting hole has been seted up to drift protective sheath inboard, and the backward extrusion drift is installed in the location mounting hole, and the top of backward extrusion drift is equipped with the upper padding plate.

Furthermore, the bottom of the cover plate is provided with a guide sleeve, and the guide pillar is arranged in the guide sleeve.

Furthermore, a lower base plate is arranged at the contact position of the top of the bottom plate and the die holder, counter bores are arranged at the installation positions of the die holder and the prestress ring, and lifting holes are formed in two sides of the die holder.

Furthermore, a plurality of vent holes are correspondingly formed on the sliding block and the cover plate.

Furthermore, the angles of the two sides of the dovetail groove are 10-15 degrees.

The invention also discloses a copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding method, which comprises the following steps:

1) Pouring the melted copper alloy into a die cavity formed by a female die and a large ejector rod;

2) When the copper alloy in the die cavity is cooled to 150-250 ℃, the press starts to act to drive the cover plate and the upsetting-extruding punch to move downwards, and the upsetting-extruding punch is matched with the copper alloy in the die cavity to carry out upsetting-extruding;

3) After the upsetting and extruding step is finished, the press machine acts to lift the cover plate and the upsetting and extruding punch, then the slide block moving oil cylinder on the side part of the slide block acts to drive the slide block to move horizontally, when the side part of the slide block is contacted with the second limiting block, the backward extruding punch on the slide block is aligned with the female die, and the slide block moving oil cylinder does not act any more;

4) Then the press machine acts to drive the cover plate and the backward extrusion punch to move downwards to complete backward extrusion;

5) And then the press ram lifts up and then the signal is fed back to the ejection oil cylinder, the ejection oil cylinder ejects the action, the large ejector rod moves upwards to eject the extrusion piece, namely the blank, then the ejection oil cylinder returns, and meanwhile, the ram moves the action of the oil cylinder, so that the upsetting-extrusion punch and the female die are aligned, and the next working cycle is started.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention can be used for manufacturing the machining blank of the high-strength copper alloy sleeve part and can also be used for manufacturing the machining blanks of other parts of the same type.

The dovetail groove on the cover plate and the dovetail on the sliding block are matched and ground to ensure proper clearance and flexible movement, preferably 12 degrees, so that not only is the flexible movement of the sliding block ensured, but also the breakage of a punch is prevented, and the reasonable clearance between the dovetail groove and the dovetail on a casting upsetting extrusion die is ensured.

The female die hole is provided with a taper hole with a small upper part and a large lower part, the taper is 1 degree and 30 minutes, the purpose of self-locking of the female die is achieved, and the press fit is convenient.

The invention achieves the effects of reducing the temperature of the die, protecting the female die and quenching the copper alloy liquid by arranging the water inlet cooling ring groove and the water outlet cooling ring groove on the prestressed ring.

According to the invention, the backward extrusion punch is installed through the backward extrusion punch fixing sleeve and the punch protection sleeve, so that the strength of the backward extrusion punch can be ensured, and the punch is prevented from being broken during backward extrusion. The invention ensures the positioning of the upsetting-extruding punch fixed sleeve and the upper part of the upsetting-extruding punch through the conical surface installation, and can prevent the slide block from being pressed and sunk through the arrangement of the upper base plate. According to the invention, the plurality of vent holes are correspondingly formed in the sliding block and the cover plate, so that ventilation is facilitated, and the base plate is convenient to replace.

The first positioning block and the second positioning block are arranged at two ends of the cover plate and used for limiting the movement of the sliding block and ensuring the alignment of the upsetting punch and the backward extrusion punch. The slide block moving oil cylinder is arranged at the end face of the cover plate, a piston rod of the slide block moving oil cylinder is connected with the slide block through threads, and when the oil cylinder acts, the upsetting-extruding punch and the backward-extruding punch are driven to change positions through the slide block.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view taken along line K of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cover plate according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the slider structure of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a die holder according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the prestressed ring of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of an upsetting punch of the present invention.

Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of an upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a punch protective sheath according to the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the large push rod of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic drawing of a cast, wen Duiji of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the backward extrusion of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the present invention ejecting an extrusion.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the cast-upset-extruded part of the present invention.

The reference numerals have the following meanings: 1. a base plate; 2. a socket head cap screw; 3. ejecting an oil cylinder; 4. a lower base plate; 5. a large ejector rod; 6. a die holder; 7. a prestressed ring; 8. a female die; 9. upsetting and extruding a punch; 10. a cover plate; 11. a slider; 12. an upper base plate; 13. upsetting and extruding punch fixing sleeves; 14. guide sleeve, 15 guide post; 16. a first stopper; 17. a standard type spring washer; 18. a hexagon head bolt; 19. reversely extruding the punch fixing sleeve; 20. a punch protective sleeve; 21. backward extruding the punch; a T-bolt; 23. a hexagonal nut; 24. the sliding block moves the oil cylinder; 25. a second limiting block; 26. a heavy duty spring washer; 27. a hexagon head bolt; 28. a dovetail groove; 29. a tapered mounting hole; 30. an upper conical section; 31. a lower cylindrical section; 32. a water inlet cooling ring groove; 33. water is discharged to cool the ring groove; 34. an overflow trough; 35. a cavity die hole; 36. a counter bore; 37. a protrusion; 38. lifting holes; 39. positioning the mounting hole; 40. and (4) a vent hole.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1-11, a copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die comprises a bottom plate 1, wherein a die holder positioning hole, a large ejector rod mounting hole, two guide pillar mounting holes, a die positioning taper hole on a workbench and the like are formed in the bottom plate 1. The die holder 6 is in clearance fit with the bottom plate 1 H7/h 6. The die holder 6 is provided with the prestressed ring 7 (connected by the hexagon socket head cap screw), the middle part of the prestressed ring 7 is provided with a concave die hole 35 with a small upper part and a big lower part, the taper of the concave die hole 35 is 1 degree 30 minutes, a concave die 8 is arranged in the concave die hole 35, the prestressed ring 7 is provided with a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel, the water inlet channel is communicated with a water inlet cooling ring groove 32 arranged on the inner side of the middle part of the prestressed ring 7, the water outlet channel is communicated with a water outlet cooling ring groove 33 arranged on the inner side of the middle part of the prestressed ring 7, and the water inlet cooling ring groove 32 is communicated with the water outlet cooling ring groove 33 through an overflow groove 34.

The prestress ring 7 and the female die 8 are matched and ground during processing, are pressed together by a hot pressing method, are arranged on the die holder 6, a counter bore 36 is arranged at the installation position of the die holder 6 and the prestress ring 7, and the die holder 6 and the prestress ring 7 are fixed on the bottom plate 1 by bolts. The base plate 1 is fastened to the table by T-bolts 22 and hexagonal nuts 23. The bottom of the bottom plate 1 is provided with an ejection oil cylinder 3, the contact part of the top of the bottom plate 1 and the die holder 6 is provided with a lower backing plate 4, the lower backing plate 4 can be replaced, and two sides of the die holder 6 are provided with lifting holes 38.

The big mandril 5 is arranged on the lower cushion plate 4 and forms a die cavity with the female die 8 through the top end of the die holder 6. The ejection oil cylinder 3 is arranged in a hole on the working table of the press machine, and the conical surface of the upper end of the ejection oil cylinder is used for being matched with the positioning conical hole of the bottom plate.

A cover plate 10 is arranged above the female die 8, the edge of the cover plate 10 is in sliding connection with a guide post 15 arranged on the bottom plate 1, a guide sleeve 14 is arranged at the bottom of the cover plate 10, the upper end of the guide post 15 is arranged in the guide sleeve 14, and the guide post 15 is arranged in a hole of the bottom plate 1 in an interference fit mode.

The middle part of the cover plate 10 is provided with a dovetail groove 28, the angle of two sides of the dovetail groove 28 is 10-15 degrees, in the embodiment, 12 degrees is preferred, and a sliding block 11 is arranged in the dovetail groove 28. Two blind holes are formed in the sliding block 11, one blind hole is used for installing an upsetting-extruding punch 9, the other blind hole is used for installing a backward extruding punch 21, an upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve 13 is installed at the bottom of the sliding block 11 through bolts, a conical installation hole 29 is formed in the inner side of the upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve 13, the upsetting-extruding punch 9 is composed of an upper conical section 30 and a lower cylindrical section 31, the included angle between the upper conical section 30 and the vertical direction is 15 degrees, the upper conical section 30 is installed in the conical installation hole 29 in a matched mode, and an upper padding plate 12 is installed at the top of the upsetting-extruding punch 9. The upsetting punch 9 and the upsetting punch fixing sleeve 13 are processed through 15-degree conical surface matching. The top of the upsetting punch 9 is provided with an upper pad 12. The bottom of slider 11 is equipped with the fixed cover 19 of backward extrusion drift through fastening bolt, and the fixed cover 19 inboard of backward extrusion drift is equipped with drift protective sheath 20, and big-end-up's location mounting hole 39 has been seted up to drift protective sheath 20 inboard, and backward extrusion drift 21 installs in location mounting hole 39, and the top of backward extrusion drift 21 is equipped with upper padding plate 12. And the upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve 13 and the backward extruding punch fixing sleeve 19 are in clearance fit with the blind hole on the sliding block 11. The backward extrusion punch fixing sleeve 19 and the punch protection sleeve 20 are processed through conical surface matching of 15 degrees.

The slide block 11 and the cover plate 10 are correspondingly provided with a plurality of vent holes 40, and the side part of the slide block 11 is provided with a slide block moving oil cylinder 24 through a heavy spring washer 26 and a hexagonal head bolt 27. A first limiting block 16 used for limiting the stroke of the sliding block 11 during upsetting extrusion is arranged on one side of the cover plate 10, and a second limiting block 25 used for limiting the stroke of the sliding block 11 during backward extrusion is arranged on the other side of the cover plate 10. The first limiting block 16 and the second limiting block 25 are fastened on the cover plate 10 through a standard type spring washer 17 and a hexagon head bolt 18. The cover plate 10 is mounted on the press by means of fastening bolts.

The invention comprises the following steps:

as shown in figure 12, the copper alloy with well melted cuttings, waste heads and waste parts is poured into a die cavity formed by a female die 8 and a large ejector rod 5, the side part of a sliding block 11 is in contact with a first limiting block 16 at the initial position, an upsetting and extruding punch 9 is aligned with the female die 8 at the moment, and when the temperature is reduced to the upsetting and extruding temperature of 150-250 ℃, a temperature instrument gives an action signal to a press machine, and the upsetting and extruding punch 9 carries out upsetting and extruding.

The invention prevents the breakage of the cold extrusion punch and the eccentricity of the inner circle and the outer circle of the extrusion piece in the next step by upsetting and extruding the end face shrinkage pit formed in the flattening casting process, and compacts and welds the casting defects.

As shown in fig. 13, after the upsetting-extruding step is completed, the press ram is lifted for a certain distance, the ram moving cylinder 24 acts, when the side of the ram 11 contacts the second limiting block 25, the backward extrusion punch 21 on the ram 11 is aligned with the female die 8, the ram moving cylinder 24 does not act any more, and the press ram moves downward to complete backward extrusion.

The invention can extrude the inner hole of the workpiece by backward extrusion, simultaneously ensures the height of the blank and further strengthens the blank.

As shown in fig. 14, after the press ram is lifted, a signal is fed back to the ejection cylinder 3, and the ejection cylinder 3 operates to eject the extruded part, i.e., the blank. And the ejection oil cylinder 3 returns. Meanwhile, the sliding block moves the oil cylinder 24 to act, so that the upsetting-extruding punch 9 is aligned with the female die 8, and the next cycle is started.

The invention does not relate to the copper alloy melting and automatic control part of the press.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a copper alloy is cast and is upset extrusion tooling, includes bottom plate (1), and ejecting hydro-cylinder (3), characterized by are equipped with to the bottom of bottom plate (1): the die holder (6) is installed at the top of the bottom plate (1), the pre-stress ring (7) is installed on the die holder (6), a concave die hole (35) with a small top and a large bottom is formed in the middle of the pre-stress ring (7), a concave die (8) is installed in the concave die hole (35), a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel are formed in the pre-stress ring (7), the water inlet channel is communicated with a water inlet cooling ring groove (32) formed in the inner side of the middle of the pre-stress ring (7), the water outlet channel is communicated with a water outlet cooling ring groove (33) formed in the inner side of the middle of the pre-stress ring (7), the water inlet cooling ring groove (32) is communicated with the water outlet cooling ring groove (33) through an overflow groove (34), a large ejector rod (5) is installed in the die holder (6), the concave die (8) is installed on the die holder (6), one end of the large ejector rod (5) is installed at the lower portion of the concave die (8), and the other end of the large ejector rod (5) is installed at the top of the bottom plate (1);

an upper die is arranged above the female die (8), the upper die comprises a cover plate (10), the edge of the cover plate (10) is in sliding connection with a guide post (15) arranged on the bottom plate (1), a dovetail groove (28) is formed in the middle of the cover plate (10), a sliding block (11) is arranged in the dovetail groove (28), an upsetting-extruding punch (9) and a backward-extruding punch (21) are arranged on the sliding block (11), an upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve (13) is detachably arranged at the bottom of the sliding block (11), a conical mounting hole (29) is formed in the inner side of the upsetting-extruding punch fixing sleeve (13), the upper portion of the upsetting-extruding punch (9) is arranged in the conical mounting hole (29), and an upper backing plate (12) is arranged at the top of the upsetting-extruding punch (9); the bottom of slider (11) still can dismantle and be equipped with the fixed cover of backward extrusion drift (19), and the fixed cover of backward extrusion drift (19) inboard is equipped with drift protective sheath (20), and location mounting hole (39) big-end-up are seted up to drift protective sheath (20) inboard, and backward extrusion drift (21) are installed in location mounting hole (39), and upper padding plate (12) are equipped with at the top of backward extrusion drift (21), and the power unit that can supply slider (11) to remove is equipped with to the lateral part of slider (11), first stopper (16) that are used for limiting slider (11) stroke when upsetting and crowding are equipped with to one side of apron (10), and second stopper (25) that are used for limiting slider (11) stroke when backward extruding are equipped with to the opposite side of apron (10).

2. The copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die as recited in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the cover plate (10) is provided with a guide sleeve (14), and the guide pillar (15) is arranged in the guide sleeve (14); the top of the big ejector rod (5) is provided with a bulge (37).

3. The copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die as recited in claim 1, wherein: the bottom plate is characterized in that a lower base plate (4) is arranged at the contact position of the top of the bottom plate (1) and the die holder (6), a counter bore (36) is arranged at the installation position of the die holder (6) and the prestress ring (7), and lifting holes (38) are formed in two sides of the die holder (6).

4. The copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die as recited in claim 1, wherein: the sliding block (11) and the cover plate (10) are correspondingly provided with a plurality of vent holes (40).

5. The copper alloy casting, upsetting and extruding die as recited in claim 1, wherein: the angles of the two sides of the dovetail groove (28) are 10-15 degrees.

6. A method for casting, upsetting and extruding a copper alloy, wherein the method for casting, upsetting and extruding a copper alloy uses the die for casting, upsetting and extruding a copper alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method for casting, upsetting and extruding a copper alloy comprises the following steps:

1) Pouring the melted copper alloy into a die cavity formed by a concave die (8) and a large ejector rod (5);

2) When the copper alloy is initially positioned, the side part of the sliding block (11) is contacted with a first limiting block (16), the upsetting and extruding punch (9) is centered with the female die (8), when the temperature of the copper alloy in the die cavity is reduced to 150-250 ℃, the press machine starts to act to drive the cover plate (10) and the upsetting and extruding punch (9) to move downwards, and the upsetting and extruding punch (9) is matched with the copper alloy in the die cavity for upsetting and extruding;

3) After the upsetting and extruding step is completed, the press machine acts to lift the cover plate (10) and the upsetting and extruding punch (9), then the slide block moving oil cylinder on the side part of the slide block (11) acts to drive the slide block (11) to move horizontally, when the side part of the slide block (11) is contacted with the second limiting block (25), the backward extruding punch (21) on the slide block (11) is centered with the female die (8), and the slide block moving oil cylinder does not act any more;

4) Then the press machine acts to drive the cover plate (10) and the backward extrusion punch head (21) to move downwards to complete backward extrusion;

5) And then, after the press machine slide block is lifted, a signal is fed back to the ejection oil cylinder (3), the ejection oil cylinder (3) acts, the large ejector rod (5) moves upwards to eject an extrusion piece, namely a blank, then the ejection oil cylinder (3) returns, and meanwhile, the slide block moves the oil cylinder to act, so that the upsetting-extrusion punch head (9) and the female die (8) are aligned, and the next working cycle is started.