CN115085203A - Novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method - Google Patents
Novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115085203A CN115085203A CN202210727467.0A CN202210727467A CN115085203A CN 115085203 A CN115085203 A CN 115085203A CN 202210727467 A CN202210727467 A CN 202210727467A CN 115085203 A CN115085203 A CN 115085203A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
- H02J3/0075—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source according to economic or energy efficiency considerations, e.g. economic dispatch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
- H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method, which comprises the following steps: s1, judging whether the energy storage device reaches a charge and discharge level; if so, calculating the deviation degree of the actual specified mileage and the expected specified mileage; if the deviation degree reaches a certain critical proximity or deviation degree, the energy storage device is activated; s2, determining the required BESS power change delta P; s3, calculating a preliminary BESS power set point, and judging whether the preliminary BESS power set point is within the power limit range of the energy storage device; if the current BESS power set point is within the power limit range of the energy storage device, calculating a value of a final BESS power set point; and if the power is not within the power limit range of the energy storage device, enabling the SoC to control or turning off the energy storage device. The invention adds an energy storage device with the adjustment response precision allowance in the AGC of the power system, defines the slowest and fastest allowable power response to the adjustment signal by utilizing the adjustment response precision allowance, and improves the dynamic performance of automatic power generation control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery power generation control, in particular to a novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method.
Background
Because the power generation output of the new energy has stronger fluctuation and randomness, the frequency modulation pressure of a power grid increases day by day along with the continuous improvement of the permeability of the new energy. The energy storage has the characteristics of fast power throughput, flexible adjustment, accurate control and the like, can quickly respond to the frequency change of the system, plays a role in quickly supporting the frequency recovery of the system, and is widely applied.
At present, scholars at home and abroad have relatively few overall researches on energy storage participation power grid frequency modulation control strategies, the proposed control strategies can only meet the primary frequency regulation requirements of the micro-grid, the frequency modulation effect is poor, the economy is low, the energy storage device is frequently started and stopped, and the service life of the energy storage device is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method, so as to solve the problem that the supporting quantity of an energy storage device for the frequency modulation and voltage regulation of a power grid is insufficient, improve the utilization rate and the service life of the energy storage device, and maximize the economical efficiency of the energy storage device.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method comprises the following steps:
s1, judging whether the energy storage device reaches a charge and discharge level; if so, calculating the deviation degree of the actual specified mileage and the expected specified mileage;
if the deviation degree reaches a certain critical proximity or deviation degree, the energy storage device is activated;
s2, determining the required BESS power change delta P;
s3, calculating a preliminary BESS power set point, and judging whether the preliminary BESS power set point is within the power limit range of the energy storage device;
if the preliminary BESS power set point is within the power limit range of the energy storage device, calculating a final BESS power set point value;
and if the initial BESS power set point is not in the power limit range of the energy storage device, starting SoC control or closing the energy storage device, thereby realizing the adjustment response precision allowance function of the BESS.
In step S1, when the actual adjustment range exceeds the rated 100% or is lower than the rated 70%, the energy storage device is considered to reach the charge-discharge level.
Further optimizing the technical solution, in the step S2, the calculation formula of the BESS power change Δ P is:
wherein ARM represents the actual specified mileage; DRM indicates a desired stated mileage; abs indicates the absolute value.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the formula for calculating the preliminary BESS power set point is as follows:
PbatSetPrek+1＝PbatSetk±ΔP
wherein PbatSetPrek is the current time power set point; PbatSetPrek +1 is the next time power set point.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the SoC control in step S3:
s41, defining an upward-activated SoC limit and a downward-activated SoC limit; if the SoC of the energy storage device exceeds the SoC limit, the charging control method is activated;
s42, after the charging control method is activated, the control device sends a recalibrated power command P EQ To balance the SoC of the BESS;
s43, defining an SoC limit with upward priority and an SoC limit with downward priority; if the SoC of the energy storage device reaches the SoC limit with upward priority or the SoC limit with downward priority, the SoC control obtains the absolute priority and sends P EQ ；
S44, defining the limitation of the up going disabled SoC and the limitation of the down going disabled SoC; limitation and down-line shutdown if SoC of energy storage device returns to up-line shutdown SoCWithin the limits of SoC, the charging control method is disabled to stably reduce P EQ 。
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the invention is as follows.
The invention adds an energy storage device with adjustment response precision allowance in AGC of the power system, defines slowest and fastest allowable power response to the adjustment signal by utilizing the adjustment response precision allowance, can furthest improve the compliance rate of an adjustment area to the adjustment precision requirement specified by a power transmission system operator, improves the dynamic performance of Automatic Generation Control (AGC), improves the utilization rate of the energy storage device, and improves the power quality of the power system.
In addition, the present invention develops a comprehensive state of charge control (SoC) strategy that avoids degradation of the energy storage device operating life due to extreme charging or discharging, prevents extreme charging levels, and improves the dynamic performance of automatic generation control by utilizing the energy storage device (BESS) during specific regulation periods. The energy storage automatic power generation control strategy can obviously improve the dynamic regulation performance, and has quite low abrasion to the energy storage device BESS.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a balancing area model with BESS participation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a conventional power plant model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a BESS model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an intermittent burst mode of BESS output power in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a development of SoC and corresponding schematic of the BESS of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the level of DoD achieved during operation of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of BESS on the adjustment error according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
A novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method is shown in a combined figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
and S1, judging whether the energy storage device reaches the charge and discharge level. The block diagram in fig. 1 illustrates a detailed control flow diagram for one AGC cycle k, with the charge level of the BESS verified to be within an acceptable range, meaning that it is neither nearly exhausted nor fully charged. According to evaluation standards at home and abroad, when the Actual Regulated Mileage (ARM) exceeds the rated 100% or is lower than the rated 70%, the energy storage device can be considered to reach the charge-discharge level, and the key remoteness can be proved.
And if the energy storage device reaches the charge-discharge level, calculating the deviation degree of the actual specified mileage and the expected specified mileage. And if the energy storage device does not reach the charge-discharge level, judging whether the energy storage device is in the critical charge state control, if so, performing SoC control, and if not, ending.
And judging the deviation degree, and if the deviation degree reaches a certain critical proximity or deviation degree (determined empirically according to the regulation characteristic of each regulation area/unit), enabling the ARM to be less than or equal to 0.7DRM, and activating the energy storage device.
S2, determining the required BESS power change Δ P with the aim of keeping the adjustment range between 70% and 100%.
The calculation formula of the BESS power change Δ P is:
wherein ARM represents the actual specified mileage; DRM indicates a desired stated mileage; abs indicates the absolute value.
After the desired BESS power change Δ P is determined S3, a preliminary BESS power set point (PbatSetPree) is calculated, including the previous power set point (the desired current operating state) and the determined desired power change.
The formula for calculating the preliminary BESS power set point is:
PbatSetPrek+1＝PbatSetk±ΔP
wherein, PbatSetPree k A current time power set point; PbatSetPrek +1 is the next time power set point.
A determination is made whether the preliminary BESS power set point is within a power limit of the energy storage device.
If the preliminary BESS power set point is within the power limit of the energy storage device, a final BESS power set point value is calculated. The final BESS power set point (PbatSet) becomes PbatSetPre.
If the preliminary BESS power set point is not within the power limit of the energy storage device, the BESS cannot provide the required power change due to insufficient available space or charge control state (SoC) limitations, and the main control will enable SoC control or stably turn off the BESS to avoid useless operation, thereby implementing the BESS adjustment response accuracy margin function.
The invention not only develops a main BESS control strategy, but also designs an auxiliary control strategy to balance the SoC of the BESS, and the main idea is to reduce the degradation caused by extreme charging or exhaustion as much as possible and establish various SoC thresholds to activate corresponding stages. The charging control method for balancing the energy storage of the battery specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, activation: one SoC limit activated upward and one SoC limit activated downward are defined. If the SoC of the energy storage device exceeds these SoC limits, the charge control method is activated.
S42, starting: after the charging control method is activated, the control device sends a recalibrated power command P EQ To balance the SoC of the BESS. P EQ Value of (d) corresponds to + 1/2SoC Max The equivalent power of (c). At this stage, the SoC control is interrupted for regulation purposes as long as the assistance of the BESS is required.
S43, priority: defining a flexible upward-precedence SoC constraint (SoC) LimUp ) And a downward priority SoC limit (SoC) LimDw ). If the SoC of the energy storage device reaches the SoC limit with upward priority or the SoC limit with downward priority, the SoC control obtains the absolute priority of 5 minutes and sends P EQ To avoid BESFurther consumption of S or excessive power.
S44, deactivating: defining a limit for upstream disabling of SoC (SoC control) UpDes ) And limitation of downstream disabled SoC (SoC control) DwDes ). If the SoC of the energy storage device returns to the limit of the up-line disabled SoC and the limit of the down-line disabled SoC, the charging control method is disabled, and the P is stably reduced EQ 。
In order to verify the function of the BESS control, the BESS control proposed by the invention is tested in AGC simulation, and the developed battery control is tested in AGC simulation by using real AGC data of secondary frequency adjustment of a balance area of a power system in a certain area.
Fig. 2 shows a simplified diagram of a model of the adjustment zone, in which the expression of the transfer function is shown below.
FIG. 2 illustrates how power set points are distributed between the regulated power plant and the BESS by the AGC control system. The AGC regulator used is activated based on priority. To simplify the model, the present invention ignores the effect of the power output of the BESS on the system frequency and other balance domains. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a plant model used in the present invention.
The model parameters have been adjusted accordingly based on the technical and specific characteristics of each conventional plant.
The applied linear transfer function is second order, damping equal to 0.7, about 20% of the pulse. In addition, the time response parameter TSC allows for individual adjustment of the response speed for each plant, the model of BESS is shown in FIG. 4. The reaction time of BESS is below 20 milliseconds and therefore can be considered instantaneous in the context of AGC, and the present invention imposes a ramp limit in order to coordinate the reaction of BESS with that of the power plant.
The model of BESS reflects the most important BESS features that affect the results of load-frequency-control (LFC) studies, such as power, power ramp, and SoC limits of BESS. The role of the power limiting block is to limit the power output of the BESS to its maximum possible power performance. However, in case of reaching the SoC limit, the power is additionally limited. SoC calculations themselves take into account charging and discharging efficiency, which depends on many different variables and parameters, such as current power output, SoC, temperature, and specific device characteristics.
The present invention assumes constant charge and discharge efficiencies of 90% and 95% for effisc, respectively. The reaction time of BESS is less than 20 milliseconds, and is very short, so it can be considered instantaneous under the AGC reaction. In order to coordinate the reaction of the BESS with that of the power plant, a ramp limit is imposed. The effect of BESS aging on efficiency and capacity is ignored in this model. In the control strategy proposed by the present invention, the variations of energy throughput, depth of discharge (DoD) and SoC are quantified. For example, throughput of the BESS is a parameter that reflects the usage of the BESS and is determined by integrating the time of the SoC.
DoD is one of the most important stress factors that lead to accelerated degradation of the BESS, i.e., a higher DoD leads to more severe BESS damage at the same throughput. The variation in SoC level is another major factor that accelerates the degradation process. In general, high and low SoC levels will result in higher degradation rates. A high SoC level directly increases the speed of the capacity fade and a low SoC level will increase the impedance and power fade of the BESS.
The present example takes the real AGC data of a certain area as an example. A Transmission System Operator (TSO) determines the total regulated power requirement for the region to bring the system frequency to a nominal value and to zero the total power deviation for all balance zones relative to the market plan. The resulting total adjustment signal is calculated every 4 seconds and is proportionally assigned to the different equilibrium regions according to the secondary adjustment reserve band cleared in the secondary adjustment market. This example is based on simulations of real AGC data for 400 hours for a region with 20 power plants. Since the regional AGC runs every 4 seconds, the case study included 360000 AGC data cycles per simulation.
FIGS. 5-7 detail the application of the developed BESS participation strategy, with BESS scales of 30MW and 10MWh over an 8-hour specification period.
Fig. 5 shows an intermittent burst mode of BESS output power. The corresponding histogram indicates that the use of BESS is relatively uniform, but slightly more in the forward power output direction. At its maximum charge and minimum discharge power (30 megawatts and-30 megawatts) and 0 megawatts and 5 megawatts, a power peak can be found, which is the result of SoC control ( t 3,5 hours, until t 4, 5 hours).
Fig. 6 shows the development of SoC of BESS and the corresponding histogram, from which it can be seen that extreme levels of charging and depletion are avoided (BESS rebalance at t 3,5 h), SoC is rather concentrated on the initial medium SoC level, meaning that the degradation of BESS is rather slow.
Fig. 7 shows the DoD levels achieved during run-time and is summarized in the form of a histogram. It can be seen that in most cases the DoD levels obtained are quite low, between 0 and 0.5 MWh. Higher DoD levels may only occur during rebalancing. However, even in this case, it is likely that lower DoD levels will be obtained, since the main regulatory control will still be prioritized most of the time during rebalancing.
To illustrate the advantages of the proposed control strategy, fig. 8 shows the effect of BESS on the regional dynamic response criteria, with the upper sub-graph showing power output of BESS during a typical regulation assistance event and the lower sub-graph showing the development of the corresponding regulation error over different time periods. In fig. 8, the solid line represents the adjustment error without BESS and the dashed line represents the adjustment error with BESS assistance. It can be seen that the BESS can support adjustments to cope with dynamic response specifications of the TSO. For example, between t 29 minutes and t 30 minutes, the equilibrium zone is able to fully satisfy the regulation criterion with the aid of BESS. However, between t 31.5 minutes and t 32.5 minutes, the equilibrium region fails to meet regulatory requirements despite the involvement of BESS. In this case, the BESS is not sufficiently sized to neutralize the regulation error even if it is regulated at maximum power. As previously mentioned, in this case it is preferable to terminate the operation to minimize the use and degradation of BESS, which resumes operation once the adjustment error is controlled (t ═ 32.5 minutes).
Claims (5)
1. A novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, judging whether the energy storage device reaches a charge and discharge level; if so, calculating the deviation degree of the actual specified mileage and the expected specified mileage;
if the deviation degree reaches a certain critical proximity or deviation degree, the energy storage device is activated;
s2, determining the required BESS power change delta P;
s3, calculating a preliminary BESS power set point, and judging whether the preliminary BESS power set point is within the power limit range of the energy storage device;
if the preliminary BESS power set point is within the power limit range of the energy storage device, calculating a final BESS power set point value;
if the preliminary BESS power set point is not within the power limit of the energy storage device, the SoC control is enabled or the energy storage device is turned off.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, when the actual adjustment distance exceeds 100% of the rated value or is less than 70% of the rated value, the energy storage device is determined to reach the charging/discharging level.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the calculation formula of the BESS power change Δ P is:
wherein ARM represents the actual specified mileage; DRM indicates a desired stated mileage; abs indicates the absolute value.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formula for calculating the preliminary BESS power set point is:
PbatSetPrek+1＝PbatSetk±ΔP
wherein, PbatSetPree k A current time power set point; PbatSetPrek +1 is the next time power set point.
5. The novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method according to claim 1, wherein the SoC control in step S3 includes the following steps:
s41, defining an upward-activated SoC limit and a downward-activated SoC limit; if the SoC of the energy storage device exceeds the SoC limit, the charging control method is activated;
s42, after the charging control method is activated, the control device sends a recalibrated power command P EQ To balance the SoC of the BESS;
s43, defining an SoC limit with upward priority and an SoC limit with downward priority; if the SoC of the energy storage device reaches the SoC limit with upward priority or the SoC limit with downward priority, the SoC control obtains the absolute priority and sends P EQ ；
S44, defining the limitation of the up going disabled SoC and the limitation of the down going disabled SoC; if the SoC of the energy storage device returns to the limit of the up-line disabled SoC and the limit of the down-line disabled SoC, the charging control method is disabled, and the P is stably reduced EQ 。
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| CN202210727467.0A CN115085203A (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method |
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| CN202210727467.0A CN115085203A (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Novel battery energy storage automatic power generation control method |
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