CN110173308B - Primary frequency modulation control method and device for steam turbine of nuclear power station - Google Patents
Primary frequency modulation control method and device for steam turbine of nuclear power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN110173308B CN110173308B CN201910384897.5A CN201910384897A CN110173308B CN 110173308 B CN110173308 B CN 110173308B CN 201910384897 A CN201910384897 A CN 201910384897A CN 110173308 B CN110173308 B CN 110173308B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a steam turbine regulating system of a million kilowatt nuclear power station, in particular to a primary frequency modulation control method and a primary frequency modulation control device of a steam turbine of a nuclear power station, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: obtaining and calculating the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve; and when the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, recalculating to obtain a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve. When the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, the newly calculated new control quantity is kept consistent with the upper limit value set by the pressure control, the problem of the difference primary frequency modulation quantity of the pressure control and the power control during switching is solved, and the phenomena of unstable output power of a steam turbine and unstable power generation power of a generator caused by continuous fluctuation of the new control quantity can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a steam turbine regulating system of a million kilowatt nuclear power station, in particular to a primary frequency modulation control method and a primary frequency modulation control device of a steam turbine of a nuclear power station.
Background
Nuclear power is an electric power resource which is currently accepted by the public, and is converted into electric energy by generating heat energy through nuclear chain fission, and the process cannot pollute air and cause energy exhaustion, so that the nuclear power is widely considered as clean, efficient and inexhaustible novel electric energy. However, compared with other power production processes, the nuclear power production process has strict requirements on nuclear energy technology, safe operation and maintenance and emergency scheduling, and nuclear power accidents which seriously damage the ecological environment cause workers of the nuclear power plant to tighten nerves all the time, so that the absolute safety of nuclear power production must be ensured.
At present, a nuclear power unit mainly includes a nuclear reactor, a steam generator, a steam turbine, a generator, a power regulation control system, and other devices, wherein steam pressure control and output power control of the steam turbine are two important factors for ensuring normal operation of the steam turbine, the steam pressure control is mainly realized by a pressure controller, and is used for controlling steam pressure at an inlet of a high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to be maintained at a pressure fixed value, and the output power control is mainly realized by a power controller, and is used for controlling outlet output power of the steam turbine to be maintained at a load fixed value.
Generally, a pressure controller and a power controller can output control quantity related to power to adjust a steam valve of a steam turbine so as to control the output power of the steam turbine, but the upper limit control quantity of the pressure controller is higher than that of the power controller, so that the pressure controller has a restriction effect on the power controller, the normal output power of the steam turbine can be maintained only by the adjustment effect of the power controller without the participation of the pressure controller, but when the steam turbine runs at the overpower, the pressure controller limits the control quantity output by the power controller. Because the pressure feedback value of the steam valve of the steam turbine is basically in one-to-one correspondence with the thermal power of the nuclear island, the pressure controller is often used for preventing the nuclear island from overpower. For example, if the power grid requires the steam turbine to increase the generated power during primary frequency modulation, the control quantity output by the power controller is increased, and the steam valve of the steam turbine is opened to increase the pressure feedback value, so as to increase the output power of the steam turbine; when the pressure feedback value is increased to the pressure fixed value, the control quantity output by the pressure controller is taken as the upper limit control quantity of the power controller, and the control quantity output by the power controller is limited.
At present, some control defects still exist in the pressure controller and the power controller participating in the nuclear power unit, especially, find in the experiment of simulating primary frequency modulation, when the primary frequency modulation requires that the generated power rises by 50MW, the pressure controller will play a role immediately because of excessive pressure, the controlled variable of outputting the power controller is restricted, the controlled variable that can constantly arouse power controller output at this moment is greater than the upper limit controlled variable of pressure controller output, also constantly arouse pressure feedback value to exceed the pressure definite value of pressure controller, finally cause the output power of steam turbine to appear continuously to fluctuate by a wide margin phenomenon to and cause the generated power of the generator of rear end also to fluctuate by a wide margin. Such control defects bring hidden troubles to steam pressure control and output power control of the steam turbine, will affect careless switching effect between the power controller and the pressure controller, and will also affect stability of the output power of the steam turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of how to overcome the phenomenon that the output power of the existing steam turbine continuously fluctuates during primary frequency modulation. In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a primary frequency modulation control method and a primary frequency modulation control device for a steam turbine of a nuclear power station.
According to a first aspect, an embodiment provides a primary frequency modulation control method for a steam turbine of a nuclear power plant, comprising the following steps:
acquiring the frequency modulation amount during primary frequency modulation, and continuously acquiring a load feedback value of a steam turbine and a pressure feedback value of a steam valve;
calculating to obtain the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve;
and when the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, recalculating to obtain a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the new control quantity of the steam valve to adjust the output power of the steam turbine to be matched with the power load of primary frequency modulation.
The calculating the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine comprises the following steps: entering a first control mode in response to a user's instruction; under the first control mode, comparing the sum of the frequency modulation amount and the load fixed value with the load feedback value to obtain a first comparison result; determining a first output quantity according to the first comparison result; and generating a control quantity of the steam valve according to the first output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity, wherein the control quantity of the steam valve is used for adjusting the opening degree of the steam valve so as to change the pressure feedback value.
When the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, recalculating to obtain the new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve, including: calculating to obtain a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control amount of the steam valve, wherein the first upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the first output amount; and generating and obtaining a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the first upper limit value.
When the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, calculating to obtain a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control amount of the steam valve, wherein the calculating comprises: comparing the pressure feedback value with the pressure fixed value to obtain a second comparison result; the pressure controller compares the difference value between the current control quantity of the steam valve and the frequency modulation quantity with the second comparison result to obtain a second output quantity; and taking the sum of the second output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity as the first upper limit value.
The calculating the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine comprises the following steps: entering a second control mode in response to a user's instruction; and under the second control mode, generating and obtaining the control quantity of the steam valve according to the sum of the load fixed value and the frequency modulation quantity.
When the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, recalculating to obtain the new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve, including: in the second control mode, comparing the pressure feedback value with the pressure fixed value through a pressure controller to obtain a second comparison result; comparing the difference value between the current control quantity and the frequency modulation quantity of the steam valve with the second comparison result to obtain a second output quantity, and generating a second upper limit value according to the second output quantity, wherein the second upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the control quantity of the steam valve; and generating the control quantity of the steam valve according to the second upper limit value and the sum of the frequency modulation quantity.
The frequency modulation amount is the percentage of the difference value of the rotating speed fixed value and the rotating speed feedback value of the steam turbine relative to the full load rotating speed when the frequency modulation amount is primary frequency modulation, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine are percentages relative to the full load of the steam turbine, and the pressure feedback value and the pressure fixed value of the steam valve are percentages relative to the full load pressure of the steam valve.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment provides a primary frequency modulation control apparatus for a steam turbine of a nuclear power plant, including:
the acquiring unit is used for acquiring the frequency modulation amount during primary frequency modulation and continuously acquiring the load feedback value of the steam turbine and the pressure feedback value of the steam valve;
the control unit is connected with the acquisition unit and used for calculating the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine so that the steam turbine can adjust the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve; and the control unit is further used for recalculating to obtain a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the new control quantity of the steam valve, and the output power of the steam turbine is adjusted to be matched with the power load of primary frequency modulation.
The control unit comprises a switching controller, a power controller and a pressure controller;
the switching controller is used for responding to the instruction of a user to select the power controller and the pressure controller to enter a first control mode or a second control mode;
the power controller is used for calculating a control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine in a first control mode, and the control quantity of the steam valve is used for adjusting the opening of the steam valve to change the pressure feedback value;
the pressure controller is used for calculating to obtain a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control amount of the steam valve when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed a pressure fixed value in a first control mode, and the first upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the control amount of the steam valve;
and the pressure controller is further used for calculating a second upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value and the current control amount of the steam valve of the pressure fixed value when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value in a second control mode, and the second upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the control amount of the steam valve.
According to a third aspect, an embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium comprising a program executable by a processor to implement the method described in the first aspect above.
The beneficial effect of this application is:
a primary frequency control method for a steam turbine and a device thereof according to the above embodiments, wherein the frequency control method includes: acquiring the frequency modulation amount during primary frequency modulation, and continuously acquiring a load feedback value of a steam turbine and a pressure feedback value of a steam valve; calculating to obtain the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve; and when the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, recalculating to obtain a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the new control quantity of the steam valve to adjust the output power of the steam turbine to be matched with the power load of primary frequency modulation. On the first hand, when the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, the newly calculated control quantity is consistent with the upper limit value set by the pressure control, so that the problem of the difference primary frequency modulation quantity of the pressure control and the power control during switching is solved, and the phenomena of unstable output power of a steam turbine and unstable power generation power of a generator caused by continuous fluctuation of the newly calculated control quantity can be effectively avoided; in the second aspect, because the pressure control is adopted to limit the power control when the pressure feedback value is overlarge, the steam turbine can always work in a safe operation state, the opening degree of a steam valve can be accurately adjusted even in the application scene of primary frequency modulation, and the situation that the pressure behind the valve is overlarge due to the increase of the power required by the primary frequency modulation is avoided; in the third aspect, when the situation that the pressure just behind the valve is too high occurs, the upper limit value of the pressure control can well follow the current control quantity, so that the system can smoothly transit to the pressure control, and the switching process of the power control and the pressure control is ensured to achieve the effect of undisturbed switching; in the fourth aspect, due to the introduction of the first control mode and the second control mode, a user can select one of the control modes to control the output power of the steam turbine according to actual requirements, so that the control function of combining automatic control and manual control is facilitated, and the application scenes of the system are enriched.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a primary frequency modulation control apparatus in a first control mode;
fig. 2 is a structural view of the primary frequency modulation control apparatus in the second control mode;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a primary frequency modulation control method;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the amount of control of the steam valve obtained in the first control mode;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the amount of control of the steam valve obtained in the second control mode;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a test effect of a primary frequency modulation control method in a prior art scheme;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a test effect of the primary frequency modulation control method in the technical scheme of the application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered with like associated elements. In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted or replaced with other elements, materials, methods in different instances. In some instances, certain operations related to the present application have not been shown or described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the core of the present application from excessive description, and it is not necessary for those skilled in the art to describe these operations in detail, so that they may be fully understood from the description in the specification and the general knowledge in the art.
Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the description of the methods may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings).
For the purpose of clearly explaining the technical aspects of the present application, some technical terms will be described herein.
The primary frequency modulation refers to an automatic control process that once the frequency of the power grid deviates from a rated value, the control system automatically controls the increase and decrease of the active power of the generator set so as to limit the change of the frequency of the power grid and maintain the frequency of the power grid stable. When the frequency of the power grid is increased, the primary frequency modulation function requires the generator set to quickly reduce the load, otherwise, requires the generator set to quickly increase the load; when primary frequency modulation occurs, the speed regulating system of the steam turbine spontaneously generates frequency modulation amount according to the change of the power grid frequency to regulate the output power of the steam turbine so as to recover the power grid frequency. In addition, the frequency of the power grid is determined by the power generation power of the generator and the magnitude of the electric load, wherein the power generation power of the generator is determined by the output power of the steam turbine; when the generated power is equal to the power load, the power grid frequency is stable, when the generated power is greater than the power load, the power grid frequency is increased, and when the generated power is less than the power load, the power grid frequency is decreased.
The invention conception of the application is as follows: when the steam turbine works normally, the control quantity of the steam valve is obtained through power control, so that the opening of the steam valve and the output power of the steam turbine are changed, meanwhile, the pressure feedback value (namely the pressure behind the valve) of the steam valve is detected at any time, and the pressure behind the valve is always ensured not to exceed the pressure fixed value; when the primary frequency modulation requires to increase the output power of the steam turbine, the opening of a steam valve and the pressure behind the steam valve are increased through a power control method, when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, the upper limit value of the power control is generated through the pressure control, the undisturbed switching effect between the power control and the pressure control is ensured, the pressure behind the steam valve is always maintained in a safe range, and the capability of the steam turbine for coping with the situation when the primary frequency modulation occurs is enhanced. The key point of the method is that the switching control logic between power control and pressure control is reset to achieve the undisturbed switching effect, and in addition, the working stability of the steam turbine in the automatic control state and the manual control state is ensured by adding a new control mode.
The technical solution claimed in the present application will be described with reference to the following examples.
The first embodiment,
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present application discloses a primary frequency modulation control apparatus for a steam turbine of a nuclear power plant, which includes an acquisition unit 11 and a control unit 12, which will be described separately below.
The obtaining unit 11 is configured to obtain a frequency modulation amount during primary frequency modulation, and continuously obtain a load feedback value of the steam turbine and a pressure feedback value of the steam valve.
It should be noted that, when primary frequency modulation occurs, the power grid often requires the turbine to increase or decrease the rotation speed to change the output power, so as to match the power load of the power grid by changing the output power. In this embodiment, the frequency modulation amount for obtaining the primary frequency modulation is calculated based on the rotating speed fixed value and the rotating speed feedback value of the turbine, when the primary frequency modulation requires power increase or power decrease, the rotating speed fixed value of the turbine may be reset according to the target power, and then the frequency modulation amount during the primary frequency modulation is determined according to the comparison result between the rotating speed feedback value and the rotating speed fixed value.
In this embodiment, the load feedback value of the steam turbine is collected in real time by a mechanical output power measuring instrument disposed at the end of the steam turbine, and then fed back to the obtaining unit 11 through a digital signal. The pressure feedback value of the steam valve is acquired in real time by a steam pressure measuring instrument arranged behind the steam valve at the front end of the steam turbine, and then is fed back to the acquiring unit 11 through a digital signal.
In this embodiment, the obtaining unit 11 can also obtain a pressure fixed value, a load fixed value and a rotating speed fixed value, which are necessary parameters for maintaining the turbine in a rated state, and are set by a user, and these values are not changed normally during the primary frequency modulation.
The control unit 12 is connected with the obtaining unit 11, and is configured to calculate a control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value, and the load fixed value of the steam turbine, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve; in addition, the control unit is further configured to recalculate the new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the new control quantity of the steam valve, and the output power of the steam turbine is adjusted to be matched with the power load of the primary frequency modulation.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the control unit 12 includes a switching controller 125, a power controller 123, and a pressure controller 127, each as described below.
The switching controller 125 is disposed on an output line of the power controller 123 and the pressure controller 127, and is mainly used for selecting the power controller 123 and the pressure controller 127 to enter the first control mode or the second control mode in response to a user instruction. In this embodiment, the first control mode is an automatic control mode, in which the power controller 123 and the pressure controller 127 cooperate to generate a control amount of the steam valve, and the second control mode is a manual control mode, in which the pressure controller 127 cooperates with a load constant value set by a user to generate a control amount of the steam valve.
The power controller 123 is configured to calculate a control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value, and the load fixed value of the steam turbine in the first control mode, where the control quantity of the steam valve is used to adjust an opening of the steam valve to change the pressure feedback value in this application;
the pressure controller 127 is configured to calculate a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value, and the current control amount of the steam valve when determining that the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value in the first control mode, where the first upper limit value is used to perform upper limit output limitation on the first output amount of the power controller 123. In addition, the pressure controller is further configured to calculate a second upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, and the current control amount of the pressure-fixed-value steam valve when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value in the second control mode, where the second upper limit value is used for performing upper-limit output limitation on the load fixed value.
Further, the load constant value and the frequency modulation amount are subjected to a sum operation when passing through the first logic module 121, the sum result is subjected to a difference operation when being transmitted to the second logic module 122 with the load feedback value, and a first comparison result obtained after the difference operation is transmitted to the power controller 123. The power controller 123 may output a first control quantity according to the first comparison result, and the first control quantity is subjected to a difference operation with the frequency modulation quantity when reaching the third logic module 124 to obtain an automatic control quantity; the automatic control quantity is transmitted to the switching controller when the first control mode is started, the switching controller generates a first control quantity according to the automatic control quantity, and the first control quantity is subjected to an and operation with the frequency modulation quantity when being transmitted to the fourth logic module 126 to obtain a second control quantity, wherein the second control quantity is the control quantity of the steam valve of the steam turbine and is also the current control quantity of the steam valve.
Further, the pressure fixed value and the pressure feedback value are input to the pressure controller 127, and a second comparison result is obtained after comparison, meanwhile, the first control quantity (i.e. the difference between the current control quantity of the steam valve and the frequency modulation quantity, which may also be expressed as the first control quantity-the second control quantity-the frequency modulation quantity) output by the switching controller 125 is transmitted to the pressure controller 127, and when the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, the pressure controller 127 performs subtraction on the first control quantity and the second comparison result to obtain a second output quantity; the second output quantity is subjected to an and operation with the frequency modulation quantity when passing through the fifth logic module 128 to obtain a first upper limit value, the first upper limit value is input to the power controller 123, and the upper limit output limitation is performed on the first output quantity output by the power controller 123; the second output value is used as a second upper limit value for limiting the upper limit output of the first control value output from the switching controller 125 when the second output value is input to the switching controller 125. Further, the transmission of the load fixed value to the switching controller 125 forms a manual control amount that will pass through the switching controller 125 and generate the first control amount when the second control mode is enabled.
Further, since the second control quantity outputted by the fourth logic module 126 may not be accepted by the steam valve of the steam turbine, it needs to be converted into an opening logic signal that can be accepted by the steam valve. In this embodiment, a signal conversion module 14 is disposed at the rear end of the fourth logic module 126, and the signal conversion module 14 can convert the second control amount into a third control amount recognized and received by the steam valve 13, so as to control the opening degree of the steam valve 13 through the third control amount. When the opening of the steam valve 13 changes, the change of the pressure behind the valve changes the rotation speed of the steam turbine, so that the mechanical output power at the outlet of the steam turbine is changed, the rotation speed of the generator is further changed, and the power generation power of the generator and the power load of the power grid are finally influenced.
When the switching controller 125 accesses the first control mode in response to the instruction of the user, that is, enters the automatic control mode, the logic relationship in fig. 1 may be referred to, and the switching controller 125 does not receive the manual control amount from the load fixed value any more, and does not generate the first control amount according to the manual control amount. When the switching controller 125 accesses the second control mode in response to the user's instruction, i.e. enters the manual control mode, the logic relationship shown in fig. 2 is referred to, and the switching controller 125 does not receive the automatic control amount from the third logic module 124, nor generates the first control amount according to the automatic control amount, and the power controller will not function any more.
In this embodiment, the control unit 12 may further include a rotation speed controller 120, where the rotation speed controller 120 receives the rotation speed feedback value and the rotation speed fixed value, calculates a frequency modulation amount according to a difference comparison result between the rotation speed feedback value and the rotation speed fixed value, and transmits the frequency modulation amount to the first logic module 121, the fourth logic module 126, and the fifth logic module 128.
In this embodiment, the power controller 123 may integrate the first logic module 121, the second logic module 122, and the third logic module 124, or may form a logic control component; the pressure controller 127 may be integrated with the fifth logic module 128 or may each form a logic control component; the switching controller 125 may integrate the fourth logic module 126, the signal conversion module, or may form a logic control unit, respectively. In addition, it should be noted that each logic control component in the control unit 12 may be a computer software module, or may also be an entity hardware with the same logic function, which is not limited herein; in the case of computer software modules, the control unit 12 may be executed by a processor to perform control functions.
In this embodiment, the frequency modulation amount is a percentage of a difference between a fixed rotation speed value and a feedback rotation speed value of the turbine with respect to a full-load rotation speed when the frequency modulation amount is primary frequency modulation, and then the fixed rotation speed value and the feedback rotation speed value are both percentages with respect to the full-load rotation speed of the turbine. In addition, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine are percentages relative to the full load of the steam turbine, and the pressure feedback value and the pressure fixed value of the steam valve are percentages relative to the full load pressure of the steam valve. Therefore, some of the calculated quantities involved in the present embodiment, such as the first comparison result, the second comparison result, the first output quantity, the second output quantity, the first upper limit value, the second upper limit value, the first control quantity, and the second control quantity, are percentages.
Example II,
Referring to fig. 3, based on the primary frequency modulation control apparatus disclosed in the first embodiment, the present application discloses a primary frequency modulation control method for a steam turbine of a nuclear power plant, which includes steps S210 to S260, which are respectively described below.
In step S210, the control unit 12 obtains the frequency modulation amount during the primary frequency modulation, and continuously obtains the load feedback value of the steam turbine and the pressure feedback value of the steam valve.
In this embodiment, the frequency modulation amount is a percentage of a difference value between a rotation speed fixed value and a rotation speed feedback value of the steam turbine relative to a full load rotation speed when the frequency modulation amount is primary frequency modulation, a load feedback value and a load fixed value of the steam turbine are percentages relative to a full load of the steam turbine, and a pressure feedback value and a pressure fixed value of the steam valve are percentages relative to a full load pressure of the steam valve.
In step S220, the control unit 12 calculates the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value, and the load fixed value of the steam turbine, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve.
In step S230, the control unit 12 determines whether the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, if so, the process goes to step S240, otherwise, the process goes to step S230.
Step S240, when the control unit 12 determines that the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, recalculating to obtain a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve;
step S250, the control unit 12 adjusts the opening of the steam valve of the steam turbine according to the new control amount, so as to adjust the pressure behind the steam valve, and adjust the output power of the steam turbine, the power generation power of the generator, and the power load of the power grid, and finally adjust the output power of the steam turbine to match the power load of the primary frequency modulation. At this time, the control unit 12 can timely and accurately adjust the steam valve when the pressure behind the steam valve is too large.
Step S260, the opening degree of a steam valve of the steam turbine is adjusted according to the current control quantity obtained in the step S220, so that the pressure behind the steam valve is adjusted, the output power of the steam turbine, the power generation power of the generator and the power load of a power grid are adjusted in a sequential mode, and finally the output power of the steam turbine is adjusted to be matched with the power load of primary frequency modulation. At this time, the control unit 12 is enabled to adjust the steam valve accurately in time in the case where the post-valve pressure of the steam valve is within a safety allowable range.
Referring to FIG. 4, in one embodiment, step S220 may include steps S221-S224, and step S240 may include steps S241-S242, respectively, as described below.
In step S221, see fig. 1, the switching controller 125 enters the first control mode, i.e., the automatic control mode, in response to the user' S instruction.
In step S222, in the first control mode, the first logic module 121 and the second logic module 122 perform difference comparison on the sum of the frequency modulation amount and the load fixed value and the load feedback value together to obtain a first comparison result.
In step S223, the power controller 123 obtains a first output quantity with the same percentage according to the first comparison result.
In step S224, the third logic module 124 and the fourth logic module 126 jointly generate a control quantity of the steam valve according to the first output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity, that is, generate a second control quantity, where the control quantity of the steam valve is used to adjust the opening degree of the steam valve to change the pressure feedback value.
Next, when determining that the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure constant value, the pressure controller 127 proceeds to step S241.
In step S241, the pressure controller 127 and the fifth logic module 128 calculate a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value, and the current control amount of the steam valve, where the first upper limit value is used to perform upper limit output limitation on the first output amount of the power controller 123.
For example, referring to fig. 1, the pressure controller 127 performs a difference comparison between the pressure fixed value and the pressure feedback value to obtain a second comparison result; then, the pressure controller 127 compares the difference between the current control quantity and the frequency modulation quantity of the steam valve (i.e. the first control quantity obtained by subtracting the frequency modulation quantity from the second control quantity) with the second comparison result to obtain a second output quantity; finally, the fifth logic block 128 takes the sum of the second output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity as the first upper limit value.
And step S242, generating and obtaining a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the first upper limit value. Specifically, the power controller 123 outputs according to the first upper limit value and generates a first output quantity equal to the first upper limit value, the third logic module 128 performs a difference operation on the first output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity to obtain an automatic control quantity, the switching controller 125 outputs a first control quantity equal to the automatic control quantity, and the fourth logic module 126 performs a sum operation on the first control quantity and the frequency modulation quantity to obtain a second control quantity.
For clear understanding of the technical principle of the technical solution of the present application, in conjunction with fig. 1, the following formula can be used to represent the numerical relationship between step S241 and step S242.
The formula I is as follows: second output quantity is first control quantity- (pressure fixed value-pressure feedback value)
The formula II is as follows: first control variable (automatic control variable) first output variable (frequency modulation variable)
The formula III is as follows: first upper limit value of second output quantity + frequency modulation quantity
Finally, from the above numerical relationship one can obtain: the first upper limit value is the first output quantity- (pressure set value — pressure feedback value).
Then, when the pressure just after the valve is too large, the pressure feedback value is equal to the pressure fixed value, so that the first upper limit value is equal to the first output quantity; that is, just before the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, the first output quantity can be guaranteed to be exactly equal to the first upper limit value, the undisturbed switching from the power control to the pressure control can be realized, the situation that the first output quantity and the first upper limit value have deviation can not occur, and the fluctuation situation of the second control quantity (the second control quantity is equal to the first control quantity + the frequency modulation quantity is equal to the first output quantity-the frequency modulation quantity + the frequency modulation quantity is equal to the first output quantity) during the switching can be eliminated. After the pressure control is switched to, the first output quantity (first output quantity + pressure fixed value — pressure feedback value) is gradually decreased as the pressure feedback value increases, so that the second control quantity is also gradually decreased, thereby forcing the opening degree of the steam valve to be smaller and restricting the increase of the pressure after the valve.
When the primary frequency modulation is finished, namely the frequency modulation amount is gradually smaller to zero, the second control amount is reduced, the opening degree of the steam valve is reduced, the pressure feedback value is reduced to a pressure fixed value, and the first upper limit value is guaranteed to be equal to the first output amount again. When the pressure feedback value is smaller than the pressure fixed value, the first upper limit value will no longer act on the power controller 123, and at this time, the pressure control is automatically switched to the power control, so that the second output quantity, i.e., the first output quantity, i.e., the load fixed value, is satisfied, and then the first output quantity is adjusted by the comparison relationship between the load fixed value and the load feedback value.
Referring to FIG. 5, in another embodiment, step S220 may include steps B221-B222, and step S240 may include steps B241-B243, respectively, as described below.
Step B221, see fig. 2, the switching controller 125 enters the second control mode, i.e. the manual control mode, in response to the user's instruction.
In the second control mode, the switching controller 125 and the fourth logic module 126 jointly generate a control quantity (i.e., a second control quantity) of the steam valve in step B222. Specifically, the switching controller 125 receives the manual control quantity from the load fixed value and outputs a first control quantity with equal magnitude, and the fourth logic module 126 sums the first control quantity and the frequency modulation quantity to obtain a second control quantity.
Next, when the pressure controller 127 determines that the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure constant value, it proceeds to step B241.
In step B241, the pressure controller 127 compares the pressure feedback value with the pressure fixed value to obtain a second comparison result.
In step B242, the pressure controller 127 performs a difference comparison between the difference between the current control quantity and the frequency modulation quantity of the steam valve (i.e. the first control quantity) and a second comparison result to obtain a second output quantity, and generates a second upper limit value according to the second output quantity, where the second upper limit value is used to perform upper limit output limitation on the control quantity of the steam valve.
In step S243, the switching controller 125 and the fourth logic module 126 jointly generate a control quantity (i.e., a second control quantity) of the steam valve according to the sum of the second upper limit value and the frequency modulation quantity. Specifically, the switching controller 125 outputs the second upper limit value and generates the first control quantity with the same size, and the fourth logic module 126 sums the second upper limit value and the frequency modulation quantity to obtain the second control quantity.
For clear understanding of the technical principle of the technical solution of the present application, in conjunction with fig. 2, the following formula can be used to represent the numerical relationship between step B241 and step B243.
The formula I is as follows: second output quantity is first control quantity- (pressure fixed value-pressure feedback value)
The formula II is as follows: second upper limit value as second output quantity
Finally, from the above numerical relationship one can obtain: the second upper limit value is the first control amount- (pressure set value-pressure feedback value).
Then, when the post-valve pressure is just too large, the pressure feedback value is equal to the pressure fixed value, and the first control amount is equal to the load fixed value, so that the second upper limit value is made equal to the load fixed value; that is to say, just when the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, the load fixed value can be guaranteed to be exactly equal to the second upper limit value, the undisturbed switching effect from the power control to the pressure control is realized, the situation that the deviation exists between the first output quantity and the second upper limit value does not occur, and the fluctuation situation of the second control quantity (the second control quantity is the first control quantity + the frequency modulation quantity is the load fixed value + the frequency modulation quantity) during the switching is favorably eliminated. After the pressure control is switched to, the first control amount (first upper limit value + pressure fixed value — pressure feedback value) is gradually decreased as the pressure feedback value increases, so that the second control amount is also gradually decreased, thereby forcibly decreasing the opening degree of the steam valve and restricting the increase in the pressure after the valve.
When the primary frequency modulation is finished, namely the frequency modulation amount is zero, the second control amount is reduced, the opening degree of the steam valve is reduced, the pressure feedback value is reduced to a pressure fixed value, and the first upper limit value is guaranteed to be equal to the first output amount again. When the pressure feedback value is smaller than the pressure fixed value, the second upper limit value will no longer act on the switching controller 125, and at this time, the pressure control is automatically switched to the power control (at this time, the power control takes the load fixed value as a reference), so as to satisfy the second output quantity as the first output quantity as the load fixed value, and then the first output quantity is adjusted by the load fixed value.
To further understand the excellent effects of the solution provided by the present application, a comparative experiment is performed here, and see fig. 6 and 7 in detail. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a test effect of a primary frequency modulation control method in a prior art scheme, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a test effect of a primary frequency modulation control method in a technical scheme of the present application on a test effect of a primary frequency modulation control method in a prior art scheme, where the difference between the two technical schemes is: in the prior art, the second output quantity is directly used as the first upper limit value of the power controller 123, while in the technical form of the present application, the sum of the second output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity is used as the first upper limit value.
As can be seen from fig. 6, there is a large fluctuation situation in the second output quantity output by the pressure controller and the first output quantity output by the power controller, because when the switching just occurs, the second output quantity output by the pressure controller and the first output quantity output by the power controller are not at the same point, but are different by the primary frequency modulation quantity, and the point tracked by the pressure controller is less by the primary frequency modulation term than the output by the power controller, resulting in that the output of the pressure controller takes a lower value as the initial output, and the output of the power controller is momentarily pulled down, so that there is instability between the power control and the pressure control, and the switching process is continuously repeated.
As can be seen from fig. 7, there is only a very small fluctuation in the second output quantity output by the pressure controller and the first output quantity output by the power controller, and the second output quantity output by the pressure controller always follows the first output quantity output by the power controller. The point tracked by the pressure controller and the output of the power controller are at the same point, and the condition of primary frequency modulation item difference does not exist, so that the stability of the output quantity and the stability of the pressure behind the steam valve are favorably maintained, and the stability of the output power of the steam turbine is favorably maintained.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by computer programs. When all or part of the functions of the above embodiments are implemented by a computer program, the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: a read only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to realize the above functions. For example, the program may be stored in a memory of the device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions described above may be implemented. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by a computer program, the program may be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk, or a removable hard disk, and may be downloaded or copied to a memory of a local device, or may be version-updated in a system of the local device, and when the program in the memory is executed by a processor, all or part of the functions in the above embodiments may be implemented.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A primary frequency modulation control method of a steam turbine of a nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring the frequency modulation amount during primary frequency modulation, and continuously acquiring a load feedback value of a steam turbine and a pressure feedback value of a steam valve;
calculating to obtain the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve;
when the pressure feedback value exceeds the pressure fixed value, recalculating to obtain a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the new control quantity of the steam valve to adjust the output power of the steam turbine to be matched with the power load of primary frequency modulation;
the frequency modulation amount is the percentage of the difference value of the rotating speed fixed value and the rotating speed feedback value of the steam turbine relative to the full load rotating speed when the frequency modulation amount is primary frequency modulation, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine are percentages relative to the full load of the steam turbine, and the pressure feedback value and the pressure fixed value of the steam valve are percentages relative to the full load pressure of the steam valve.
2. A primary frequency modulation control method according to claim 1, wherein said calculating a control quantity of said steam valve based on said frequency modulation quantity, said load feedback value and a load fixed value of said steam turbine comprises:
entering a first control mode in response to a user's instruction;
under the first control mode, comparing the sum of the frequency modulation amount and the load fixed value with the load feedback value to obtain a first comparison result;
determining a first output quantity according to the first comparison result;
and generating a control quantity of the steam valve according to the first output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity, wherein the control quantity of the steam valve is used for adjusting the opening degree of the steam valve so as to change the pressure feedback value.
3. A primary frequency modulation control method according to claim 2, wherein when it is determined that the pressure feedback value exceeds a pressure fixed value, recalculating a new control amount of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and a current control amount of the steam valve comprises:
when the pressure feedback value exceeds a pressure fixed value, calculating to obtain a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control amount of the steam valve, wherein the first upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the first output amount;
and generating and obtaining a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the first upper limit value.
4. A primary frequency modulation control method according to claim 3, wherein when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, calculating a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control amount of the steam valve, and comprises:
comparing the pressure feedback value with the pressure fixed value to obtain a second comparison result;
the pressure controller compares the difference value between the current control quantity of the steam valve and the frequency modulation quantity with the second comparison result to obtain a second output quantity;
and taking the sum of the second output quantity and the frequency modulation quantity as the first upper limit value.
5. A primary frequency modulation control method according to claim 1, wherein said calculating a control quantity of said steam valve based on said frequency modulation quantity, said load feedback value and a load fixed value of said steam turbine comprises:
entering a second control mode in response to a user's instruction;
and under the second control mode, generating and obtaining the control quantity of the steam valve according to the sum of the load fixed value and the frequency modulation quantity.
6. A primary frequency modulation control method according to claim 5, wherein when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, the new control quantity of the steam valve is obtained by recalculation according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the second control mode, comparing the pressure feedback value with the pressure fixed value to obtain a second comparison result;
comparing the difference value between the current control quantity and the frequency modulation quantity of the steam valve with the second comparison result to obtain a second output quantity, and generating a second upper limit value according to the second output quantity, wherein the second upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the control quantity of the steam valve;
and generating the control quantity of the steam valve according to the second upper limit value and the sum of the frequency modulation quantity.
7. A primary frequency modulation control device of a steam turbine of a nuclear power station is characterized by comprising:
the acquiring unit is used for acquiring the frequency modulation amount during primary frequency modulation and continuously acquiring the load feedback value of the steam turbine and the pressure feedback value of the steam valve;
the control unit is connected with the acquisition unit and used for calculating the control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine so that the steam turbine can adjust the opening of the steam valve according to the control quantity of the steam valve; and the control unit is further used for recalculating to obtain a new control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control quantity of the steam valve when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value, so that the steam turbine adjusts the opening of the steam valve according to the new control quantity of the steam valve, and the output power of the steam turbine is adjusted to be matched with the power load of primary frequency modulation.
8. A primary frequency modulation control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said control unit includes a switching controller, a power controller and a pressure controller;
the switching controller is used for responding to the instruction of a user to select the power controller and the pressure controller to enter a first control mode or a second control mode;
the power controller is used for calculating a control quantity of the steam valve according to the frequency modulation quantity, the load feedback value and the load fixed value of the steam turbine in a first control mode, and the control quantity of the steam valve is used for adjusting the opening of the steam valve to change the pressure feedback value;
the pressure controller is used for calculating to obtain a first upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control amount of the steam valve when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed a pressure fixed value in a first control mode, and the first upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the control amount of the steam valve;
and the pressure controller is further used for calculating a second upper limit value according to the frequency modulation amount, the pressure feedback value, the pressure fixed value and the current control amount of the steam valve when the pressure feedback value is judged to exceed the pressure fixed value in a second control mode, and the second upper limit value is used for carrying out upper limit output limitation on the control amount of the steam valve.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a program executable by a processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1-6.
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| CN111255531B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2022-03-22 | 岭东核电有限公司 | Method for testing load switch of steam inlet valve of steam turbine of nuclear power station and determining parameters of steam inlet valve |
| CN113217132B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-09-19 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | Steam conversion control device and method for nuclear power station and steam conversion system |
| CN114575939B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-09-26 | 岭澳核电有限公司 | Method and system for switching control modes of steam turbine for nuclear power station |
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