CN115083182A - Speed management and path guidance system for influence area of left entrance and exit of express way - Google Patents
Speed management and path guidance system for influence area of left entrance and exit of express way Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a speed management and path guidance system for an affected area of a left access of an express way, which comprises a main road, a left ramp arranged on the left side of the main road, a road surface identification system and a roadside indicator system, wherein the left ramp comprises a left entrance ramp and a left exit ramp; the main road is sequentially divided into a driving section, a positioning section and a preparation section from bottom to top, and the left ramp is sequentially divided into a left adjacent inlet section, a gradual change section, a deceleration section and a speed regulation section from bottom to top; the roadside signboard system comprises a first signboard system arranged on the main road and a second signboard system arranged on the left ramp. The invention enables the driver to complete the driving task safely and smoothly in a state of low driving load in the left entrance and exit area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road traffic safety, in particular to a vehicle speed management and path guidance system for an affected area at a left entrance and exit of an express way.
Background
The high and fast roads adopt full-closed management, the traffic exchange between the high and fast roads and the main road is carried out by ramp, and the ramp is connected to the main line of the high and fast roads to form an entrance and an exit. The entrance and exit of the highways are generally arranged on the right side of the main line, but in special cases, they are arranged on the left side of the main line. This is relatively common in expressways, particularly urban loop expressways. There is a higher likelihood of a left side exit, a left side entrance, or even a consecutive plurality of left side exits adjacent to the left side entrance and exit on the express way.
The left doorway of the expressway violates the driving expectation of the driver. The exit and entrance of the expressway are generally positioned on the right side of the road, and the speeds of different lanes on the main line are gradually decreased from left to right. When leaving the expressway, the driver generally needs to decelerate and change lanes to the rightmost lane and then drive off the expressway. When the exit is on the left, the driver of the mainline vehicle may be confounded or even unable to judge it to be an exit in violation of the driving expectations. Under the condition of not additionally managing or managing according to the right exit, the conditions of unreasonable vehicle speed distribution and disordered vehicle flow lines often occur. When the entrance is located on the left side, under the condition of not managing or managing according to the right exit, due to the fact that driving expectation is violated, a vehicle entering from the entrance ramp may cause a driver of a main line vehicle to be out of the way, the speed of the leftmost lane is high, and serious accidents are easily caused due to too large speed difference. 1) Theory of collision zone: under the influence of the left entrance and exit, the driver needs to change lanes in a specific area to complete operations such as diversion, confluence, interweaving and the like. The zones in which these specific operations are performed constitute a diversion zone of influence, a confluence zone of influence, and an interweaving zone of influence, which in turn together constitute a left entrance zone of influence. The position, length and width of these zones of influence are critical to the smoothness of the traffic. It is generally considered that within a reasonable range, the more dispersed the positions, the longer the length, and the narrower the width, the lower the influence degree of these influence regions. 2) Vehicle speed step theory: the vehicle speed step theory holds that the vehicle speeds of the adjacent road sections including the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction are smoothly excessive. A vehicle speed step of 1 means a vehicle speed difference of 10km/h, and a vehicle speed step of 2 means a vehicle speed difference of 20 km/h. To ensure the smooth transition of the vehicle speed, the vehicle speed step difference of the adjacent road sections is less than or equal to 2, preferably 0 or 1. 3) Theory of driving task: the driving task has the meanings of controlling, guiding and running at 3 levels, and means that a driver needs to receive the guidance of marks, marked lines, surrounding vehicles and the like and control the vehicle to carry out a series of operations in the driving process in order to safely run to a destination. The driving tasks considered in the invention comprise two levels of control and guidance, wherein the control level mainly refers to the regulation of vehicle speed and the lane change, and the guidance level refers to the condition that a driver needs to receive various signs and marking lines related in the invention and the guidance of road line shapes and cross sections and interacts with surrounding vehicles such as following, avoiding and the like. 4) Human factor theory: the driver is guided to control the vehicle to perform a series of operations, which is a cognitive-reaction process, and the smoothness of information transmission in the cognitive-reaction process determines whether the process can be smoothly completed. Generally, compared with character information, graphic information can be processed more quickly, meanwhile, the form of the graphic information conforms to human factors, the driver can be assisted to make quick and accurate judgment, and the interference to the driver can be reduced only by adopting necessary character information; second, humans are very sensitive to color differences; the system formed by a plurality of marks needs to be associated in order, wherein the association means that the mark information needs to be associated with the actual situation and information transmitted by different marks along the line needs to be associated, and the order means that the different marks along the line need to transmit information to a driver according to a certain sequence; and fourthly, prompting for a plurality of times for important information and information violating expectation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a speed management and path guidance system for an affected area on the left side entrance and exit of an express way, which can disperse driving tasks, control the speed distribution of the area and fix the traffic flow line, so that a driver can safely and smoothly complete the driving tasks in the left side entrance and exit area in a state of low driving load.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a vehicle speed management and path guidance system for an affected area of a left access of an express way is constructed, the system comprises a main road and a left ramp arranged on the left side of the main road, the left ramp comprises a left entrance ramp and a left exit ramp, and the system further comprises a road surface identification system and a roadside indicator system;
the main road is sequentially divided into a driving section, a positioning section and a preparation section from bottom to top, and the left ramp is sequentially divided into a left adjacent inlet section, a gradual change section, a deceleration section and a speed regulation section from bottom to top;
the road surface identification system comprises a dotted line, a virtual solid line and a cat eye spike, wherein the dotted line is arranged on the road surface of the main road, the virtual solid line is arranged on the outer side of the main road and is close to the right side of the dotted line to form the virtual solid line, and the virtual solid line extends from the right side of the preparation section to the side face of the dotted line at the level of the left exit ramp speed regulation section; a cat-eye spike is arranged at the junction of the left ramp and the main road, a cat-eye spike is arranged on the right side of the left inlet ramp, a cat-eye spike is arranged on the left side of the left outlet ramp, and a cat-eye spike is arranged on a dotted line on the right side of the positioning section;
the roadside sign system comprises a first sign system arranged on the main road and a second sign system arranged on the left ramp.
According to the scheme, first sign system from the bottom up includes 2km early warning point mark, 1km early warning point mark, warning action point mark, first thread speed limit mark, action district vice point mark, action district main point mark, second way thread speed limit mark in proper order, the main thread left side sets up from the bottom up and has set gradually three confluence mark, and the top is close to the nose end confluence mark top is provided with the yellow flashing light.
According to the scheme, the second indicating board system comprises a notification point sign, a ramp speed limit sign and a clear point sign, wherein the notification point sign is arranged at the nose end of the left exit ramp, and the ramp speed limit sign and the clear point sign are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the left exit ramp from bottom to top.
According to the scheme, when one left ramp is arranged on the 2km early warning point mark, the 2km early warning point mark is arranged at a position 2km away from the warning action point mark, the 1km early warning point mark is arranged at a position 1km away from the warning action point mark, the warning action point mark is arranged at the starting point of the preparation section, a first main line speed limit mark is arranged at the starting point of the positioning section, a second main line speed limit mark is arranged at the ending point of the speed regulating section, the auxiliary points of the action area are arranged above the shunting points, and the main points of the action area are arranged in the action area at intervals of 50 m.
According to the scheme, when three left ramps are arranged on the 2km early warning point mark, the 2km early warning point mark and the 1km early warning point mark comprise main marks and auxiliary marks, the auxiliary marks are arranged on the left upper side of the main marks, a straight arrow is arranged on the surface of the main marks, a left turning arrow is arranged on the left side of the straight arrow, a straight place name and a straight way name are arranged at the top end of the straight arrow, a left turning place name and a left turning way name are arranged at the top end of the left turning arrow, a 2km character is arranged on the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 2km early warning point mark, and a 1km character is arranged on the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 1km early warning point mark; the supplementary mark surface is provided with vertical "left export" typeface and left turn sign, "left export" typeface sets up on the left side, left turn sign sets up on the right side.
According to the scheme, the 2km early warning point mark and the 1km early warning point mark comprise main marks and auxiliary marks, the auxiliary marks are arranged on the upper left side of the main marks, straight arrows are arranged on the surfaces of the main marks, three left turning arrows are arranged on the left sides of the straight arrows, straight place names and straight road names are arranged at the top ends of the straight arrows, left turning place names and left turning road names are arranged at the top ends of the left turning arrows, 2km character patterns are arranged on the left sides of the bottom ends of the straight arrows of the 2km early warning point mark, and 1km character patterns are arranged on the left sides of the bottom ends of the straight arrows of the 1km early warning point mark; the supplementary mark surface is provided with vertical "left export" typeface and left turn sign, "left export" typeface sets up on the left side, left turn sign sets up on the right side, left turn sign top sets up "1/3" typeface, or "2/3" typeface, or "3/3" typeface.
According to the scheme, when the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp is smaller than 450m, the length of the solid line is 450m, and when the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp is larger than 450m, the length of the solid line is the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp.
The system for managing the speed of the vehicle and guiding the path of the affected area at the entrance and the exit on the left side of the express way has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the mutual interference between the vehicles in the entrance and exit area and the main line vehicle can be obviously reduced by carrying out area division on the left ramp; by forming the layered cognition on the entrance and the exit at the left side in front, the operation can be taken in advance, the driving task is reasonably dispersed, and the driving burden of a driver is reduced;
2. according to the invention, the speed distribution of the affected area of the left entrance is reasonable through the first main line speed limit sign and the second main line speed limit sign, and the requirement of path guidance of the left entrance is met.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a vehicle speed management and path guidance system for an affected area at the left entrance and exit of an express way according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the pavement marking system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the block-segment division of the main road and the left on-ramp of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first main line speed limit sign and a second main line speed limit sign according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the first indicator board system and the second indicator board system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a 2km early warning point single label of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a 1km early warning point single label of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a one-third label of a 2km early warning point of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a 1km early warning point third label of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a two-thirds plot of a 2km early warning point according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a two-thirds plot of a 1km early warning point according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a three-thirds scale of a 2km early warning point of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a three-thirds scale of a 1km early warning point according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a warning action point of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a mobile zone home site of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a mobile zone sub-punctuation of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a notification punctuation of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is an explicit stippling of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of the main road and the left exit ramp of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of the confluence logic flow mark of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the inventive main road intersecting a left ramp less than 450 meters;
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp of the present invention having a length greater than 450 meters;
FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a confluence mark and a Huangshan lamp according to the present invention;
fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of the confluence logic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 24, the system for managing vehicle speed and guiding a path in an affected area at the left side entrance and exit of an express way comprises a main road, a left ramp arranged at the left side of the main road, a left ramp comprising a left entrance ramp and a left exit ramp 3, a road surface marking system and a roadside indicator system. The main road is divided into a driving section 6, a positioning section 7 and a preparation section 8 from bottom to top in sequence, and the left ramp is divided into a left adjacent inlet section, a gradual change section 9, a deceleration section 10 and a speed regulation section 11 from bottom to top in sequence. The pavement marking system comprises a dotted line, a solid line 1 and cat-eye spikes 2, wherein the dotted line is arranged on the pavement of the main road, the solid line 1 is arranged on the main road, and the solid line 1 extends from the right side of the preparation section 8 to the side surface of the dotted line at the level of the speed regulation section 11 of the left exit ramp 3; a cat eye spike 2 is arranged at the junction of the left ramp and the main road, a cat eye spike 2 is arranged on the right side of the left entrance ramp, a cat eye spike 2 is arranged on the left side of the left exit ramp 3, and a cat eye spike 2 is arranged on a dotted line on the right side of the positioning section 7;
the roadside sign system comprises a first sign system arranged on the main road and a second sign system arranged on the left ramp. The first sign system sequentially comprises a 2km early warning point sign 15, a 1km early warning point sign 16, a warning action point sign 17, a first main line speed limit sign 12, an action area auxiliary point sign 18, an action area main point sign 19 and a first main line speed limit sign 13 from bottom to top, three confluence flow signs 22 are sequentially arranged on the left side of the main line from bottom to top, and a yellow flashing light 23 is arranged at the top of the confluence flow sign 22 which is closest to the nose end at the top end. The second indicating board system comprises an informing point sign 20, a ramp speed-limiting sign 14 and a clear point sign 21, wherein the informing point sign 20 is arranged at the nose end of the left exit ramp 3, and the ramp speed-limiting sign 14 and the clear point sign 21 are sequentially arranged at the outer side of the left exit ramp 3 from bottom to top.
The 2km early warning point mark 15 is arranged at a position 2km away from the warning action point mark 17, the 1km early warning point mark 16 is arranged at a position 1km away from the warning action point mark 17, the warning action point mark 17 is arranged at the starting point of the preparation section, the starting point of the positioning section 7 is provided with a first main line speed limit mark 12, the end point of the speed regulating section 11 is provided with a first main line speed limit mark 13, and the main points 19 of the action area are continuously arranged at intervals of 50m above the branch point of the auxiliary point 18 of the action area and in the action area.
When a left ramp is arranged on the side face of the main road, the 2km early warning point mark 15 and the 1km early warning point mark 16 both comprise a main mark and an auxiliary mark, the auxiliary mark is arranged on the left upper side of the main mark, a straight arrow is arranged on the surface of the main mark, a left turning arrow is arranged on the left side of the straight arrow, a straight place name and a straight road name are arranged at the top end of the straight arrow, a left turning place name and a left turning road name are arranged at the top end of the left turning arrow, a 2km character is arranged on the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 2km early warning point mark 15, and a 1km character is arranged on the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 1km early warning point mark 16; the supplementary mark surface is provided with vertical "left export" typeface and left turn sign, and "left export" typeface sets up on the left side, and the sign setting of turning left is on the right side.
When two to three left ramps are arranged on the side face of the main road, the 2km early warning point mark 15 and the 1km early warning point mark 16 comprise main marks and auxiliary marks, the auxiliary marks are arranged on the left upper side of the main marks, straight arrows are arranged on the surfaces of the main marks, three left turning arrows are arranged on the left sides of the straight arrows, straight place names and straight road names are arranged at the top ends of the straight arrows, left turning place names and left turning road names are arranged at the top ends of the left turning arrows, 2km character patterns are arranged on the left sides of the bottom ends of the straight arrows of the 2km early warning point mark 15, and 1km character patterns are arranged on the left sides of the bottom ends of the straight arrows of the 1km early warning point mark 16; the supplementary mark surface is provided with vertical "left export" typeface and left turn sign, "left export" typeface sets up on the left side, and the left turn sign sets up on the right side, and left turn sign top sets up "1/3" typeface, or "2/3" typeface, or "3/3" typeface.
When the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp is less than 450m, the length of the solid line 1 is 450m, and when the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp is greater than 450m, the length of the solid line 1 is the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the lengths of the positioning section 7, the preparation section 8, the gradual change section 9, the deceleration section 10, the speed regulation section 11, the virtual line 1 and the real line 1 and the cat-eye spike 2 are calibrated according to each segmental driving task and speed distribution.
The driving tasks mainly performed by the segments are mainly as follows:
1) in the driving section 6, a driver needs to receive the guidance of an early warning sign, a warning action sign, surrounding vehicles and the like, control the vehicle to change lanes and drive according to the speed of the main line 4;
2) in the positioning section 7, a driver needs to receive guidance of speed limit signs, surrounding vehicles (mainly front and rear vehicles), cat eye spikes 2 and the like, control the vehicle to drive along with the vehicle and start deceleration;
3) in the preparation section 8, a driver needs to receive guidance of speed limit signs, surrounding vehicles (mainly front and rear vehicles), the linear shape of a gradual change section 9, a solid line 1 and the like, control the vehicle to drive along with the vehicle and adjust the vehicle speed;
4) in the gradual change section 9, a driver needs to receive the guidance of a speed limit sign, an action zone sign, surrounding vehicles, the linear shape of the gradual change section 9, the linear shape of a deceleration section 10, a solid line 1 and the like, control the vehicles to be merged into an auxiliary lane, and adjust the speed;
5) in the deceleration section 10, the driver needs to receive guidance of a speed limit sign, a movement zone sign, surrounding vehicles, the line shape of the speed regulation section 11 and the like, control the vehicle to follow and continue deceleration.
6) In the speed regulation section 11, a driver needs to receive the guidance of a speed limit sign, a notification point sign 20, a ramp line shape and the like, and controls the speed regulation of the vehicle to drive into the ramp.
The length calibration mainly performed by each section is as follows:
1) the sum x of the lengths of the speed regulation section 11 and the speed reduction section 10 1 Calculated according to the formula v 1 Limiting the speed for the main line 4 in a unit of km/h;
the formula:
2) the length of the transition section 9 is equal to the lane width (m) × k, k ∈ (20, 25);
3) the length of the preliminary section 8 is v 2 ×3，v 2 The vehicle speed at the starting point of the preparation section 8 is in m/s;
4) the length of the positioning section 7 is equal to v 3 ×5，v 3 The speed of the starting point of the positioning section 7 is in the unit of m/s;
5) length x of solid line 1 2 The sum of the lengths of the preparation section 8, the gradual change section 9, the deceleration section 10 and the speed regulation section 11;
6) the length of the cat-eye spike 2 on the main road is equal to the length of the positioning section 7.
When the speed limit of the main line 4 is determined, the speed limit of the main line 4 is explained to be 80km/h according to the speed distribution of the first main line speed limit sign 12 and the first main line speed limit sign 13, which is concretely as follows;
1) the sum of the lengths of the speed regulation section 11 and the speed reduction section 10 is taken as a parking sight distance x 1 The parking apparent distance is calculated according to a formula. Wherein v is 1 80km/h, t is the reaction time taken as 2.5s, a is the comfort deceleration taken as 3m/s 2 ,x 0 Taking 10m as the buffer distance, the data are processedSubstituting into a formula and rounding to obtain the length sum of the speed regulation section 11 and the speed reduction section 10 as 150 m:
the formula:
2) the length of the transition 9 depends on the lane width and the ratio of the lane width to the length of the transition 9, where the lane width is 3.5m, since the vehicle speed is about 60km/h and the lane does not have to be too wide, the ratio of the lane width to the length of the transition 9(9) is 1: 20. the length of the transition section 9 is 70m by combining the above data.
3) The driver is at the starting point of the preliminary section 8 at a speed of about 60km/h and at this stage in a decelerated state, and the driver needs to observe a linear, surrounding vehicle ahead in the preliminary section 8. In the conservation purpose, the whole vehicle speed of the preparation section 8 is taken as 60km/h, and the length is 3s travel. The above data are integrated to calculate, and the length of the preparation section 8 is 50m by rounding the calculation result.
4) The driver has a speed of about 80km/h at the start of the positioning section 7 and is in a deceleration state in this section, and the driver needs to observe the surrounding vehicle and decelerate to 60km/h in the positioning section 7. For conservation, the whole vehicle speed of the positioning section 7 is taken as 80km/h, and the length is 5s of travel. And (4) integrating the data to calculate, and rounding the calculation result to obtain the length of the positioning section 7 of 120 m.
5) In the road right sense, in the preparation section 8, the gradual change section 9, the deceleration section 10 and the speed regulation section 11, the vehicle can only exit from the leftmost lane and can not enter the leftmost lane, so that the solid line 1 is drawn in the sections, and the length is 270 m.
6) In the road right sense, vehicles in the leftmost lane are allowed to change lanes in the positioning section 7, vehicles in other lanes are also allowed to change lanes to the leftmost lane, but the behavior is not encouraged, so that the cat-eye spikes 2 are drawn in the positioning section 7 and have the length of 120 m.
The left exit sign in the upper left corner of the first indicator system and the second indicator system is a fluorescent yellow-green background color and the confluence mark 22 is a fluorescent yellow background color. The road right meaning of solid line 1 is: the vehicle on one side of the dotted line can cross the dotted line to change lanes, the vehicle on one side of the solid line 1 cannot cross the solid line 1 to change lanes, and the road right meaning of the cat eye spike 2 is as follows: allowing the vehicle to cross the cat-eye spike 2 to change lanes if necessary, but not encouraging the vehicle to cross the cat-eye spike 2 to change lanes.
The first main line speed limit sign 12 is arranged at the starting position of the positioning section 7, the first main line speed limit sign 13 is arranged at the end position of the speed regulating section 11, ramp speed limit signs 14 are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the end points of the speed reducing section 10 and the speed regulating section 11 of the left ramp, so that the transverse speed gradual change of the ramp, the leftmost lane and the main line 4 lane is realized, and the speed of the exit area gradually changes from the downstream to the upstream. The main line 4 is used as three lanes and the speed limit is 80km/h for the detailed description: a60 km/h speed limit sign is arranged above the leftmost lane of the first main line speed limit sign 12, a 60km/h speed limit sign is arranged above the middle lane, and an 80km/h speed limit sign is arranged above the rightmost lane. A40 km/h speed limit sign is arranged above the leftmost lane of the second main line speed limit sign 13, a 60km/h speed limit sign is arranged above the middle lane, and an 80km/h speed limit sign is arranged above the rightmost lane. The ramp speed-limiting sign 14 is provided with a 50km/h speed-limiting sign at a proper position on the speed-reducing section 10 of the left ramp, and a 40km/h speed-limiting sign at the end point of the speed-regulating section 11.
The main road comprises early warning, action, notification and clear 5-level index marks, the first indicator system is provided with 2km early warning point marks 15, 1km early warning point marks 16, warning action point marks 17, action areas, notification point marks 20 and clear point marks 21, and the action areas comprise action area main point marks 19 and a plurality of action area auxiliary point marks 18.
The driving expectation is violated at the left exit ramp 3, and thus the warning distance is extended. The national standard states that a forecast sign for the left exit of the highway is set starting 3km before the left exit. The speed limit of the expressway is 120km/h, and the speed limit of the expressway is 80 km/h. And arranging a 2km early warning point mark 15 at a position 2km away from an exit according to the conversion, arranging a 1km early warning point mark 16 at a position 1km away from the exit, arranging a warning action point 17 at the starting point of the positioning section 7, and reminding a driver of completing lane change in the main line 4 driving section 6 for many times. An alert action point 17 is arranged at the starting point of the positioning section 7, has an alert function firstly, reminds a driver to change lanes for the last time, and has an action point function simultaneously, reminds the driver of the linear and cross section conditions of a road in front of the driver, and assists the driver to select the lanes. Considering that the left exit is not easily recognized by the driver, in order to continuously remind the driver of the left exit in front of the driver, an action area is arranged between the triangular area end (outside the end solid mark line) and the starting point of the positioning section 7, wherein the triangular area end is provided with an action area main point mark 19, and the downstream of the triangular area end is provided with a plurality of action area auxiliary point marks 18. The notice point 20 is provided near the nose, and the place information is not notified, thereby preventing the wrong driver from falling into a situation. The confirmation point marks are arranged on the side of the ramp to help the driver to confirm whether the road is wrong or not.
The core information of the main sign is graphic information which can visually reflect the relative relationship between the main line 4 and the left ramp, the number of the main line 4 and the traffic flow line of the vehicle running out of the main line 4, and emphasize the left ramp in a striking fluorescent green color, and the character information in the main sign only comprises two necessary information of a road number and a place name. The auxiliary sign is positioned at the upper left corner of the main sign, takes fluorescent green as the background color, and emphasizes the left exit by the word of the left exit and the arrow reflecting the line shape of the left exit.
When two to three left ramps are arranged on the side surface of the main road, the warning action point mark 17 is fluorescent green, is painted with color and has fluorescent green ground color, reflects a dotted line of the main line 4, a flow line of vehicles running out of the main line 4, a place name, a road number and a kilometer number, reflects an arrow of a left exit line shape and a vertical left exit mark, and the warning action point mark 17 reflects the proportional relation between the left ramps and the main line 4, the number of the left ramps, the front left ramp exit 3, shadow painting and reflects the number mark of the left exit group.
When a single left ramp is arranged on the side surface of the main road, the warning action point mark 17 is a fluorescent green ground color, which reflects the number of lanes of the main line 4, a fluorescent green color, a place name, a road number, an arrow which reflects the shape of a left exit line, a vertical left exit mark, a shadow color, which reflects the front cross section form, the relative relation between the main line 4 and the left ramp, a virtual solid line 1 which reflects a ground virtual solid line 1 and is positioned on the mark, and a dotted line which reflects the boundary between a ground auxiliary lane and the leftmost lane; the warning action point sign 17 includes two left and right signs, the left sign is located above the leftmost lane, and the right sign is located above the other lanes.
The action zone main point sign 19 comprises two signs, wherein the left sign is positioned above the auxiliary lane, and the right sign is positioned above the leftmost lane, and both signs adopt fluorescent green ground colors. The main sign of the left sign contains information such as place name, way number, and arrow reflecting the shape of the left exit line, and the sub sign of the left sign contains information such as horizontal left exit typeface. The right sign contains information such as place name, road number and straight arrow.
The action area auxiliary point mark 18 and the auxiliary mark of the early warning point mark adopt the same form, reflect the linear arrow of the left outlet and the vertical left outlet mark, and adopt fluorescent green ground color.
The notification point mark 20 and the confirmation point mark are partially in fluorescent green background color, and only comprise an arrow head reflecting the shape of the left exit, a road number, a horizontal left exit character, and no place name. Although the sign system is perfect, there are some distracted drivers who go wrong way, in order to prevent such kind of drivers from seeing the place name on the notice point sign 20, realizing that they go wrong way, and then generating confounding, hard braking or even parking, and informing the point sign 20 that the sign does not contain the place name. The confirmation point marks comprise place names, road numbers and vertical left exit marks.
In the left ramp area, the signs of the action zone main point sign 19, the action zone auxiliary point sign 18 and the notification point sign 20 are all in fluorescent green ground color, and the sight line guidance facility and the safety protection facility on the left ramp are also in fluorescent green as much as possible. Fluorescent green is used as the identification of the left outlet.
1) The graph is associated with the road line shape and the cross section form: when the distance between the driver and the left ramp is far, the road linearity perception of the driver on the left ramp is weak, the road linearity is reflected by an image graph, and the road linearity perception of the driver on the left exit ramp 3 is enhanced along with the approach of the driver on the left ramp, and a schematic diagram form is adopted.
2) The color identity information is ordered: fluorescent yellow green is used as the identity of the left exit, fluorescent green ground color is adopted for each mark in the identity area of the left ramp, and fluorescent green color painting is adopted for the left exit part outside the identity area of the left exit and elements related to the left exit, such as large figures in an early warning mark and a warning action mark.
3) All information in the sign conforms to human factors and driving tasks and is necessary information required by driving, and the information is mostly presented in a graph form, so that the PRT is greatly reduced.
In the left entrance ramp warning area, the fluorescent yellow is used as the identity of the left entrance ramp area, a total of 3 attention confluence marks 22 are arranged at the nose end and two proper positions at the upstream of the nose end, the attention confluence mark 22 is in the fluorescent yellow background color, and the mark is internally provided with the confluence mark 22 reflecting the linear shape of the front confluence section. A yellow flashing light 23 is provided on the rod above the topmost merge sign 22. The sight line induction facility and the safety protection facility positioned in the left entrance guard area adopt fluorescent yellow as much as possible. The left entrance ramp area violates the driving expectation, the fluorescein is used as the identity mark of the left entrance area, and the driver is repeatedly reminded in the left entrance warning area through various information, so that the perception of the driver on the traffic condition in front is improved.
Adjacent left side entrance and exit areas means that the distance between two consecutive left side entrances and the left side exit is less than x 2 +v 4 ×8×2，v 4 The vehicle speed of the speed reduction section 10 is reduced according to the speed profile. At the moment, the speed management system and the path guidance system are arranged according to the form of a left entrance area, and a left entrance guard area is additionally arranged. The separation line adjacent to the left entrance and exit area and the main line 4 is the solid line 1, when the entrance distance is less than x 2 At +50, draw x 2 +50 long solid line 1, when the inlet is more than x from the outlet 2 +50, less than x 2 +v 4 And 8 × 2, a solid line 1 of the actual length is drawn.
Taking the speed limit of 80km/h of the main line 4 as an example for calculation, the length of the exit influence area is 390m, and if an entrance is arranged at a short distance, an interweaving area is formed. Considering the worst condition that the inlet vehicle converges into the main line 4, the inlet vehicle can enter the left second lane from the auxiliary lane after twice lane changing, the time for changing the lane once is taken as 8s, and according to the vehicle speed distribution, the vehicle speed is 50km/h, the lane changing is performed once for 112m, and the lane changing is performed twice for 224 m. If the inlet is too close to the next outlet by 614m (taking 650m) which is less than 224+390, a synergistic consideration is needed.
When the distance is less than 650, the interleaved regions are separated by a dashed-solid line 1. Meanwhile, under the influence of traffic flow in an interleaving area, the length of a virtual line 1 and a real line 1 has the minimum value which is the length of an entrance influence area plus 50m, and because the combined flow can influence the traffic flow of a main line 4, 50m is added on the basis of the length of the entrance influence area, and the whole is 450 m.
Adjacent to the left side entrance and exit area means that the distance between two consecutive left side entrances and the left side exit is less than 650 m. At the moment, the speed management system and the path guidance system are arranged according to the form of a left entrance area, and a left entrance guard area is additionally arranged. In addition, the dividing line adjacent to the left entrance and exit area and the main line 4 adopts a solid line 1, when the entrance distance is less than 450m, a virtual solid line 1 with the length of 450m is drawn, and when the entrance distance is more than 450m and less than 650m, a solid line 1 with the actual length is drawn.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and equivalents thereof, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A speed management and path guidance system for an affected area at a left access of an express way comprises a main road and a left ramp arranged on the left side of the main road, wherein the left ramp comprises a left entrance ramp and a left exit ramp, and is characterized by further comprising a road surface identification system and a roadside indicator system;
the main road is sequentially divided into a driving section, a positioning section and a preparation section from bottom to top, and the left ramp is sequentially divided into a left adjacent inlet section, a gradual change section, a deceleration section and a speed regulation section from bottom to top;
the road surface identification system comprises a dotted line, a virtual solid line and a cat eye spike, wherein the dotted line is arranged on the road surface of the main road, the virtual solid line is arranged on the outer side of the main road and is close to the right side of the dotted line to form the virtual solid line, and the virtual solid line extends from the right side of the preparation section to the side face of the dotted line at the level of the left exit ramp speed regulation section; a cat-eye spike is arranged at the junction of the left ramp and the main road, a cat-eye spike is arranged on the right side of the left inlet ramp, a cat-eye spike is arranged on the left side of the left outlet ramp, and a cat-eye spike is arranged on a dotted line on the right side of the positioning section;
the roadside sign system comprises a first sign system arranged on the main road and a second sign system arranged on the left ramp.
2. The system for managing vehicle speed and guiding paths in the influence area of the left entrance and exit of the expressway according to claim 1, wherein the first sign system sequentially comprises a 2km early warning point sign, a 1km early warning point sign, a warning action point sign, a first main line speed limit sign, an action area auxiliary point sign, an action area main point sign and a second main line speed limit sign from bottom to top, three confluence signs are sequentially arranged on the left side of the main line from bottom to top, and a yellow flashing light is arranged at the top of the confluence signs, which is closest to the nose end, of the main line.
3. The system for managing vehicle speed and guiding paths in the affected area of the left entrance and exit of the express way according to claim 2, wherein the second indicating board system comprises an informing point sign, a ramp speed limit sign and a clear point sign, the informing point sign is arranged at the nose end of the left exit ramp, and the ramp speed limit sign and the clear point sign are sequentially arranged at the outer side of the left exit ramp from bottom to top.
4. The system for managing vehicle speed and guiding path in the influence area of entrance and exit on the left side of express way according to claim 1, wherein when there is one left ramp on the 2km early warning point mark, the 2km early warning point mark is disposed at a distance of 2km from the warning action point mark, the 1km early warning point mark is disposed at a distance of 1km from the warning action point mark, the warning action point mark is disposed at the starting point of the preparation section, the starting point of the positioning section is disposed with a first main line speed limit mark, the ending point of the speed regulation section is disposed with a second main line speed limit mark, the auxiliary point of the action area is disposed above the diversion point, and the main points of the action area are disposed in the action area at intervals of 50 m.
5. The system for managing the vehicle speed and guiding the path of the affected area at the entrance and exit at the left side of the expressway according to claim 1, wherein when three left ramps are arranged on the left side of the 2km early warning point mark, the 2km early warning point mark and the 1km early warning point mark comprise a main mark and an auxiliary mark, the auxiliary mark is arranged at the upper left side of the main mark, a straight arrow is arranged on the surface of the main mark, a left turning arrow is arranged at the left side of the straight arrow, a straight place name and a straight way name are arranged at the top end of the straight arrow, a left turning place name and a left turning way name are arranged at the top end of the left turning arrow, a 2km character is arranged at the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 2km early warning point mark, and a 1km character is arranged at the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 1km early warning point mark; supplementary mark surface is provided with vertical "left export" typeface and left turn sign, "left export" typeface sets up on the left side, left turn sign sets up on the right side.
6. The system for managing the vehicle speed and guiding the path of the influence area of the entrance and exit at the left side of the express way according to claim 1, wherein the 2km early warning point mark and the 1km early warning point mark comprise a main mark and an auxiliary mark, the auxiliary mark is arranged at the upper left side of the main mark, a straight arrow is arranged on the surface of the main mark, three left turning arrows are arranged at the left side of the straight arrow, a straight place name and a straight way name are arranged at the top end of the straight arrow, a left turning place name and a left turning way name are arranged at the top end of the left turning arrow, a 2km character is arranged at the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 2km early warning point mark, and a 1km character is arranged at the left side of the bottom end of the straight arrow of the 1km early warning point mark; the supplementary mark surface is provided with vertical "left export" typeface and left turn sign, "left export" typeface sets up on the left side, left turn sign sets up on the right side, left turn sign top sets up "1/3" typeface, or "2/3" typeface, or "3/3" typeface.
7. The express way left access port affected zone vehicle speed management and path directing system of claim 1, wherein when the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp is less than 450m, the length of the solid line is 450m, and when the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp is greater than 450m, the length of the solid line is the length of the intersection of the main road and the left ramp.
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