CN115081594B - Quantitative calculation method for sediment source of drainage pipeline - Google Patents
Quantitative calculation method for sediment source of drainage pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN115081594B CN115081594B CN202210770033.9A CN202210770033A CN115081594B CN 115081594 B CN115081594 B CN 115081594B CN 202210770033 A CN202210770033 A CN 202210770033A CN 115081594 B CN115081594 B CN 115081594B
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal pipe network sediment control, and particularly relates to a quantitative calculation method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline. Firstly, pre-analyzing the background value of the sedimentation rate of the particulate matters in the drainage pipeline. Then, by means of the elutriation process disclosed by the invention, the distribution characteristics of the sedimentation rate of the particles in the pipeline sediments before and after rainfall are analyzed for drought sewage, rainfall runoff, rain sewage mixed water and rainfall. Based on the analysis value, the static Monte Carlo-artificial neural network algorithm is utilized to sample the duty ratio of different types of particles at different sedimentation rates. Thereafter, the respective input ratios are solved by establishing mass balance equations for the different sources of particulate matter. And finally, quantitatively calculating the source of the pipeline sediment. The quantitative analysis of the sediment source of the drainage pipeline can be effectively realized, the consideration is more comprehensive and accurate, and the influence of the complex flow state in rainy days is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of municipal pipe network sediment control, in particular to a quantitative calculation method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline.
Background
The pipeline sediment is used as a main pollution source of overflow pollution and initial rainwater in rainy days, and is discharged together with water flow in rainy days, so that the repeated pollution of the receiving water body is continuously caused, and the continuous deterioration is realized. The research shows that 57% -62% of pollution loads such as SS, COD and the like overflowed or discharged in rainy days are derived from pipeline sediments. However, the current sediment reduction and control is mainly a thought of 'pollution before treatment', and the main means are methods of dredging through a winch, high-pressure water injection and the like. The method has good dredging effect, but has the defects of high investment of manpower and material resources, low dredging efficiency, long period and the like, and is more remarkable in the current high-density urban areas. For this reason, some patents (CN 106088292A, CN109958184A, CN 106223455A) apply for a flap device that improves the power of the water flow in the drainage pipeline, thus reducing the sedimentation and accumulation of particulate matter in the water. Considering the common characteristic that the drainage pipe network in urban areas of China has high water level operation, the plate turnover device is in a submerged state in actual operation, and the benefit is not remarkable in practice. In addition, the treatment pressure of the ditch sludge after the pipeline sediment is cleared is increased, and the treatment cost of high-speed enterprises always limits the development of the field. Therefore, source control of pipeline deposits is an important area of attack today. An important premise of source control is to identify where the sediment originates in each pipe section and to determine the total amount of sediment in each pipe section. For this reason, patent (CN 104458518 a) applied for a method of monitoring and qualitative and quantitative analysis of sediment in a small-diameter sewage pipeline, but the patent did not consider the condition of sediment in the original pipeline, and could not resolve the condition of a rainwater pipe or a confluence pipe. In addition, in an actual drainage pipeline, the mixed connection and the staggered connection in one system are common, and a pure sewage pipe and a pure rainwater pipe are difficult to find, so that the influence of rainwater is not considered, certain limitation exists on the analysis of sediment, and the actual application effect is influenced. However, the flow state of the rainwater runoff is complex, and the accounting interference on the total sediment in the pipe section is remarkable.
Starting from the intrinsic characteristics of the pipeline sediment, the method is a key for effectively avoiding interference of complex flow states such as sunny days and rainy days, mixed connection and misconnection of a pipe network and the like from influencing the transfer characteristics of analysis particles in the pipeline.
Therefore, a quantitative analysis method for pipeline sediment sources, which has higher suitability in drainage pipelines and more accurate calculation results, is sought to be constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quantitative calculation method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline, which aims to solve the problems in the technical background.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a quantitative calculation method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline comprises the following steps:
step one, pre-analysis of a particulate matter sedimentation rate background value:
Selecting a target drainage pipeline, continuously collecting water samples at downstream sampling points in a downstream inspection well of the drainage pipeline in rainy days and dry days, respectively mixing a dry-day sample and a rain-day sample according to the water quantity proportion of a flow process line to obtain a dry-day mixed sample and a rain-day mixed sample, and measuring the sedimentation rate of particles of the rain-day mixed sample and the dry-day mixed sample through an elutriation process;
Step two, analyzing sedimentation rate distribution characteristics of different types of particles:
Collecting drought sewage in a drought day and rain sewage mixed water in a rain day respectively at a downstream sampling point in a downstream inspection well of the drainage pipeline, collecting pipeline sediments before and after each rainfall event respectively at sediment sampling points in the drainage pipeline, and collecting rainfall runoffs in a rainwater grate connected to the drainage pipeline; the drought sewage is collected into n batches, wherein n is more than or equal to 1; the rain sewage mixed water and the rain runoff are collected in y batches respectively, and y is more than or equal to 1; when collecting the pipeline sediment, synchronously collecting the upper sewage at the same sampling point, mixing the pipeline sediment and the upper sewage, slowly stirring to form sediment mixed solution, and simultaneously, immediately elutriating after fishing out the floaters and the blocks; elutriation and separation are carried out on the n batches of drought sewage samples, the y batches of rain sewage mixed water samples, the y batches of rain water runoff samples, the y batches of sediment mixed liquid samples before rainfall and the y batches of sediment mixed liquid samples after rainfall to obtain sedimentation rate distribution of each sample;
Step three, sampling the duty ratio f ij of the particulate matters under different sedimentation rates of the particulate matters from different sources by utilizing a static Monte Carlo-artificial neural network algorithm:
Using arithmetic mean of subsamples F ij of random variable F, i.e As the solved approximation, namely according to the determined distribution parameter of the random variable F, randomly extracting a group of random numbers F ij corresponding to the random variable F, and optimizing the sampling process by using a Sigmoid activation function F (x) = (e x-e-x)/ex+e-x and BP single hidden layer network structure;
step four, establishing mass balance equations of particles from different sources, and solving input proportion:
Establishing a mass balance equation of the particulate matters at each sedimentation rate v i, wherein the mass balance equation is as follows: wherein M ij is the contribution of the j source to the particulate matter at the ith settling rate, further refining the mass balance equation, the following equation can be obtained:
Wherein, Representing the sum of the particulate matter mass of the drought sewage input in the drainage pipeline,/>Representing the sum of the particulate matter amounts of the rainwater runoff inputs in the drainage pipeline,/>Representing the sum of the amounts of particulate matter in the pipeline sediment sample before the occurrence of a rainfall event in the drainage pipeline,/>Representing the sum of the amounts of particulate matters in the rain and sewage mixed water sample in the drainage pipelineRepresenting the sum of the amounts of particulate matter in the pipe sediment sample after the occurrence of a rainfall event in the drainage pipe,/>Intercepting mass percentages of all samples for the elutriation structure, wherein Q n (t) represents flow (L/s) of drought sewage at a moment t in an nth drought sewage sample, C nu (t) represents concentration (mg/L) of particles in drought sewage at a moment upstream of the moment t in the nth drought sewage sample, t 0 represents monitoring starting time(s), and t represents instant moment(s) of collecting the samples;
By combining the equations, substituting the random number F ij, the probability distribution, the confidence interval and the median of the proportion beta 1 of the total particulate matters of the drought sewage and the total particulate matters of the rainwater runoff, which are input into the drainage pipeline, in the evaluation period in the drainage pipeline can be obtained Evaluating the proportion beta 2＝1-β1 of the total amount of the particulate matters input into the drainage pipeline by the rainwater runoff in the period to the total amount of the particulate matters input into the drainage pipeline by the sum of drought sewage and the rainwater runoff;
Step five, quantitatively calculating the source of the pipeline sediment:
Determining the time interval between an upstream sampling point and a downstream sampling point according to the flowing time delta T between the upstream sampling point and the downstream sampling point of the drainage pipeline of drought water flow, obtaining the total sedimentation amount of particles in the drainage pipeline of drought water flow of each batch by measuring the concentration and flow process lines of the particles in n batches of drought water flow sewage, obtaining the sedimentation amount of the particles in the drought water flow sewage of unit drought water after average value taking, multiplying the sedimentation amount by the drought water day number T 1, and obtaining the contribution amount of the drought water flow sewage to delta M in an evaluation period And further calculating the accumulated contribution W 2＝δM-W1 of the particulate matters in the rainfall runoff in the evaluation period to the pipeline sediment, wherein T 1 represents the number of days of drought in the evaluation period.
Preferably, the first step specifically includes the following steps:
Selecting a target drainage pipeline, continuously collecting a water sample at a downstream sampling point in a downstream inspection well of the drainage pipeline on a rainy day with typical rainfall and a dry day with a early sunny day number of more than 4 days, and measuring the sedimentation rate distribution of particles in the water sample; the continuous acquisition frequency relates to a rainy day sampling frequency and a dry day sampling frequency respectively, the rainy day sampling frequency is determined according to the duration of rainfall on the same day and the rainfall intensity, and the dry day sampling frequency is uniformly distributed according to time; the rainy day samples and the dry day samples are respectively mixed according to the flow change in the drainage pipeline when each sample is collected in each batch and the water quantity proportion, so that a rainy day mixed sample and a dry day mixed sample of each batch are respectively obtained; and determining the sedimentation rate distribution of the particles by the rainy day mixed sample and the dry day mixed sample respectively through an elutriation process, and further analyzing in advance whether the number and the size of elutriation columns in an elutriation structure meet the requirements of separating the particles with different sedimentation rates.
More preferably, in the second step, the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the drought sewage are the same as those of the drought mixed sample in the first step, the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the rain sewage mixed water are the same as those of the rain mixed sample in the first step, and the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the rain runoff are the same as those of the rain sewage mixed water.
Preferably, the apparatus used in the elutriation process comprises: the device comprises a stirrer, a sample tank, a peristaltic pump, an elutriation structure, a connecting pipe A between the peristaltic pump and the sample tank, a connecting pipe B between the peristaltic pump and the elutriation structure, a collecting tank and a connecting pipe C between the elutriation structure and the collecting tank; wherein,
The elutriation structure comprises i elutriation columns which are sequentially and transversely arranged from large to small according to the settling rate v i of separated particles, and connecting pipes are arranged between every two adjacent elutriation columns: the outlet tube g 1 of the first elutriation column l 1 is connected to one side of a connecting tube D 1, the other side of the connecting tube D 1 is connected to the top of the inlet tube e 2 of the second elutriation column l 2, and so on, until the outlet tube g i-1 of the i-1 th elutriation column l i-1 is connected to one side of a connecting tube D i-1, the other side of the connecting tube D i-1 is connected to the top of the inlet tube e i of the i-th elutriation column l i;
The elutriation process of the sample is as follows: the sample is placed in a sample pool, the stirrer is continuously stirred in the elutriation process, the peristaltic pump is started, the sample enters an inflow pipe e 1 of a first elutriation column l 1 through a connecting pipe A and a connecting pipe B, the sample enters the bottom of a cavity of the first elutriation column l 1 through a inflow pipe e 1 and moves from the bottom of the cavity of the first elutriation column l 1 to the upper part of the cavity, in the process, the particles with v not less than v 1 settle and accumulate at the bottom of the cavity of the first elutriation column l 1, the sample continuously flows to an outflow port B 1 of the first elutriation column l 1 and then enters the bottom of the cavity of a second elutriation column l 2 through a connecting pipe D 1 and an inflow pipe e 2 of a second elutriation column l 2, and moving from the bottom of the cavity of the second elutriation column l 2 to the upper part of the cavity, wherein in the process, the sedimentation of the particles with v being larger than or equal to v 2 is accumulated at the bottom of the cavity of the second elutriation column l 2, and so on until the sedimentation of the particles with v being larger than or equal to v i is accumulated at the bottom of the cavity of the ith elutriation column l i, the particles accumulated at the bottom of each elutriation column respectively flow out of the corresponding sampling ports and are collected and respectively measured for the mass of the particles, and then the accumulated mass m ij of the particles in each elutriation column and the mass ratio f ij＝mij/mj in each elutriation column are obtained, wherein j=1 represents a drought sewage sample, j=2 represents a rainfall runoff sample, j=3 represents a sediment mixed liquid sample before rainfall, j=4 represents a rainfall mixed water sample, j=5 represents a sample of the sediment mixture after rainfall.
More preferably, the top of i elutriation columns of elutriation structure all has the rubber buffer, all open into the discharge orifice in the rubber buffer, i elutriation column bottom all has a valve that can open and close, the valve lower part all has the sample connection, i elutriation column cavity is interior all to be equipped with inflow tube and outflow pipe, inflow tube stretches into the inside of elutriation column cavity of place from the discharge orifice of elutriation column of place, outflow pipe stretches into the inside of elutriation column cavity of place from the discharge orifice of elutriation column of place.
More preferably, the number i of elutriation columns in the elutriation structure is sized according to the sedimentation rate distribution characteristics of the dry and rainy day mixed samples, and the ith elutriation column corresponds to one sedimentation rate v i, i.e. the sedimentation rate v i is calculated by the ratio of the elutriation flow Q i to the cross-sectional area S i of each elutriation column.
More preferably, the distance from the bottom of the inflow pipe e i to the bottom of the elutriation column l i is no more than 1/10 of the height of the cavity of the elutriation column l i, and the distance from the bottom of the outflow pipe g i to the top of the elutriation column l i is no more than 1/10 of the height of the cavity of the elutriation column l i.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
According to the quantitative calculation method for the sediment source of the drainage pipeline, the change of the sediment of the pipeline is brought into the calculation process, so that the calculation based on mass balance is more complete; meanwhile, the influence of the input of complex external particulate matters such as rainfall conditions is considered, so that the application range of the method is wider; in addition, only the accumulated particulate matter content and the accumulated settlement of the drought sewage on the site with better regularity are quantitatively monitored in the research, so that the complex measurement of the actual particulate matter content and the transfer quantity in the rainwater runoff and rainwater sewage mixed water is avoided, and the method is relatively wide in applicability, high in accuracy and relatively simple in method.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the overall invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of sampling points in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an apparatus used in the elutriation process in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of an inflow orifice a1 in an elutriation structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of an elutriation column l1 in an elutriation configuration;
Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the inflow holes a2 to a7 and the outflow holes b2 to b7 in the elutriation structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of elutriation columns l2 to l7 in an elutriation configuration;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the concentration of particulates in drought-induced wastewater versus flow rate for an example;
FIG. 9 is a plot of the settling velocity profile of particulates in an example;
FIG. 10 is a probability distribution diagram of the contribution of drought-induced wastewater to sediment in an example.
Legend description:
2-1, a drainage pipeline; 2-2, an upstream manhole; 2-3, downstream manhole; 2-4, a rain grate; 2-5, upstream sampling points; 2-6, downstream sampling points; 2-7, sediment sampling points; 3-1, a stirrer; 3-2, a sample pool; 3-3, peristaltic pump; 3-4, collecting pool; A. a connecting pipe between the peristaltic pump and the sample cell; B. a connecting tube between the peristaltic pump and the elutriation structure; C. a connecting tube between the elutriation structure and the collection tank; d 1, a connecting tube between the first and second elutriation columns; d 2, a connecting tube between the second and third elutriation columns; d 3, a connecting tube between the third and fourth elutriation columns; d 4, a connecting pipe between the fourth elutriation column and the fifth elutriation column; d 5, a connecting pipe between the fifth and sixth elutriation columns; d 6, a connection pipe between the sixth and seventh elutriation columns; a 1, an inflow hole of a first elutriation column; a 2, an inflow hole of a second elutriation column; a 3, an inflow hole of a third elutriation column; a 4, an inflow hole of a fourth elutriation column; a 5, inlet openings of a fifth elutriation column; a 6, an inflow hole of a sixth elutriation column; a 7, an inflow hole of a seventh elutriation column; b 1, the outflow hole of the first elutriation column; b 2, an outflow hole of a second elutriation column; b 3, the outflow hole of the third elutriation column; b 4, the outflow hole of the fourth elutriation column; b 5, the outflow hole of the fifth elutriation column; b 6, outlet holes of a sixth elutriation column; b 7, seventh elutriation column outlet hole; d 1, a rubber plug of a first elutriation column; d 2, a rubber plug of a second elutriation column; d 3, a rubber plug of a third elutriation column; d 4, a rubber plug of a fourth elutriation column; d 5, a rubber plug of a fifth elutriation column; d 6, a rubber plug of a sixth elutriation column; d 7, a rubber plug of a seventh elutriation column; e 1, an inflow pipe of the first elutriation column; e 2, an inflow pipe of a second elutriation column; e 3, a third elutriation column inlet pipe; e 4, an inflow tube of a fourth elutriation column; e 5, an inflow pipe of a fifth elutriation column; e 6, a sixth elutriation column inlet pipe; e 7, a seventh elutriation column inlet pipe; g 1, the effluent pipe of the first elutriation column; g 2, an effluent pipe of a second elutriation column; g 3, an effluent pipe of a third elutriation column; g 4, an effluent pipe of a fourth elutriation column; g 5, an effluent pipe of a fifth elutriation column; g 6, a sixth elutriation column outlet pipe; g 7, a seventh elutriation column outlet pipe; l 1, a first elutriation column; l 2, a second elutriation column; l 3, a third elutriation column; l 4, a fourth elutriation column; l 5, a fifth elutriation column; l 6, a sixth elutriation column; l 7, seventh elutriation column; k 1, valve of first elutriation column; k 2, a valve of a second elutriation column; k 3, a valve of a third elutriation column; k 4, a valve of a fourth elutriation column; k 5, valve of fifth elutriation column; k 6, valves of a sixth elutriation column; k 7, a valve of a seventh elutriation column; o 1, sampling port of first elutriation column; o 2, sampling port of second elutriation column; o 3, sampling port of third elutriation column; o 4, sampling port of fourth elutriation column; o 5, sampling port of fifth elutriation column; o 6, sampling port of sixth elutriation column; and o 7, a sampling port of a seventh elutriation column.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a quantitative calculation method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline, which is used for clearly and completely describing the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention by combining the drawings in the embodiment of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the positional or positional relationship indicated by the terms such as "side", "upper", "lower", "top", etc. are based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Examples:
1-10, the invention relates to a quantitative analysis method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline based on the sedimentation rate distribution characteristics of particles and a Monte Carlo-artificial neural network algorithm, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
Step one: particulate matter settling rate background value pre-analysis.
As shown in fig. 2, a target drainage pipeline 2-1 is selected, a water sample is continuously collected at a downstream sampling point 2-6 in a downstream inspection well 2-3 of the drainage pipeline 2-1 on a rainy day which is more typical and a dry day with a previous sunny day number of more than 4 days, and the sedimentation rate v of particles in the water sample is measured. The continuous sampling frequency relates to a dry day sampling frequency and a rain day sampling frequency respectively, the dry day sampling frequency is 1 sample every 3h, 9 samples are total, the sampling amounts of 9 samples (0 h, 3h, 6h, 9h, 12h, 15h, 18h, 21h and 24 h) are respectively 4L, 13L, 10L, 5L, 7L, 12L, 10L and 4L according to the water amount proportion of the dry day flow process line in fig. 8, and the dry day mixed sample 60L is obtained after the partial samples are mixed according to the water amount proportion. The rainy day sampling frequency is determined according to the rainfall duration (4.5 h) and the rainfall intensity, 1 sample is collected every 2min in the first 10min (average flow 20L/s) of the rainfall duration, and 5 samples are taken, and each sample is 0.5L; collecting 1 sample every 5min within 10 th to 30 th min (average flow rate 45L/s) of the rainfall duration, wherein the total number of the samples is 4, and each sample is 2.5L; collecting 1 sample at 10min within 30min to 60min (average flow rate 42L/s) of the rainfall duration, wherein the total number of the samples is 3, and each sample is 4L; collecting 1 sample every 30min within 60min to 120min (average flow 28L/s) of the rainfall duration, wherein 2 samples are total, and each sample is 8L; after 120min of the rainfall duration (average flow 21L/s), 1 sample is collected every 1h, after 120min of the rainfall duration, the rainfall intensity is less than 10mm/h (if the rainfall intensity is more than 10mm/h, 1 sample is collected every 30 min), 1 sample is collected every 1h until the last 1 sample is collected when the rainfall stops, 3 samples are taken, and 8L of each sample is obtained. 18 rainy day samples are collected, and part of the samples are taken and mixed according to the flow ratio to obtain a rainy day mixed sample 60L. As shown in FIG. 3, the rainy day mixed sample and the dry day mixed sample are respectively added into a sample tank 3-2 to measure the sedimentation rate distribution characteristics of the particles, and the result shows that the device combination shown in FIG. 3 can effectively cut off about 60% of the total particles in the dry day mixed sample and the rainy day mixed sample, and the cut-off ratio of each elutriation column exceeds 3%, so that the elutriation process can effectively separate the particles with different sedimentation rates in the selected drainage pipeline dry day mixed sample and the rainy day mixed sample.
Step two: and analyzing the sedimentation rate distribution characteristics of different types of particles.
The method comprises the steps that a downstream sampling point 2-6 in a downstream inspection well 2-3 of a drainage pipeline 2-1 is used for respectively collecting drought sewage in a drought day and rain sewage mixed water in a rain day, a sediment sampling point 2-7 in the drainage pipeline 2-1 is used for respectively collecting pipeline sediments before and after each rainfall event occurs, and rainwater runoffs are collected in a rainwater grate 2-4 connected into the drainage pipeline 2-1. The collection frequency and the mixing mode of the drought sewage are the same as those of the drought mixed sample in the first step, 12 batches of the drought sewage are collected, and each batch is collected for 1 day; the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the rain and sewage mixed water are the same as those of the rain and sewage mixed water in the first step, the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the rain and sewage mixed water in the rain and sewage mixed water are collected in a total of 6 batches, and each batch collects 1 rainfall event. When collecting the pipeline sediment, synchronously collecting the upper sewage at the same sampling point, mixing the pipeline sediment and the upper sewage, slowly stirring to form sediment mixed solution, and simultaneously, immediately adding the sediment mixed solution into a sample tank 3-2 after fishing out the floaters and the blocks to start elutriation. And performing elutriation separation on the 12 batches of drought sewage samples, the 6 batches of rain sewage mixed water samples, the 6 batches of rain water runoff samples, the 6 batches of sediment mixed liquid samples before rainfall and the 6 batches of sediment mixed liquid samples after rainfall through an elutriation process, wherein the elutriation separation is hereinafter collectively called as a sample.
Referring to fig. 3-7, the apparatus used in the elutriation process comprises: a stirrer 3-1, a sample cell 3-2, a peristaltic pump 3-3, an elutriation structure, a connecting pipe A between the peristaltic pump 3-3 and the sample cell 3-2, a connecting pipe B between the peristaltic pump 3-3 and the elutriation structure, a collecting tank 3-4, and a connecting pipe C between the elutriation structure and the collecting tank 3-4. The elutriation structure comprises seven elutriation columns which are transversely arranged from large to small in sequence according to the settling rate (the settling rate v is sequentially from large to small: 4.246285mm/s, 2.123142mm/s, 1.061571mm/s, 0.943619mm/s, 0.707714mm/s, 0.471809mm/s and 0.265393 mm/s) of separated particles, and connecting pipes D (sequentially from D 1 to D 6) are arranged between the front and rear of the seven elutriation columns in sequence. The top of seven elutriation columns are provided with rubber plugs, the rubber plugs are provided with an inflow hole and an outflow hole, the bottoms of the seven elutriation columns are provided with a valve which can be opened and closed, the lower parts of the valves are provided with sampling ports, for example, referring to the rubber plugs d 1 of the first elutriation column illustrated in fig. 4 and 5, the rubber plugs d 1 are provided with an inflow hole a 1 of the first elutriation column and an outflow hole b 1 of the first elutriation column, the bottoms of the first elutriation columns are provided with a valve k 1 of the first elutriation column and a sampling port o 1 of the first elutriation column, and the structures of the elutriation columns l 2 to l 7 are respectively referred to the top view of fig. 6 and the side view of fig. 7. The seven elutriation column cavities are respectively provided with an inflow pipe and an outflow pipe, the inflow pipes extend into the elutriation column cavity from the inflow holes of the elutriation column, and the outflow pipes extend into the elutriation column cavity from the outflow holes of the elutriation column. One side of the connecting pipe B is connected with the outflow end of the peristaltic pump 3-3, and the other side is connected with the top of the inflow pipe of the first elutriation column l 1. The outlet tube g 1 of the first elutriation column l 1 is connected to one side of a connecting tube D 1, the other side of said connecting tube D 1 is connected to the top of the inlet tube e 2 of the second elutriation column l 2, and so on, until the outlet tube g 6 of the sixth elutriation column l 6 is connected to one side of a connecting tube D 6, the other side of said connecting tube D 6 is connected to the top of the inlet tube e 7 of the seventh elutriation column l 7. One side of the connecting pipe C is connected with the top of the outflow pipe of the seventh elutriation column l 7, and the other side of the connecting pipe C is connected with the collecting tank 3-4.
The elutriation process of the sample is as follows: the sample is placed in a sample pool 3-2, the stirrer 3-1 is continuously stirred in the elutriation process, the peristaltic pump 3-3 is started, the sample enters an inflow pipe e 1 of a first elutriation column l 1 through a connecting pipe A and a connecting pipe B, the sample enters the bottom of a cavity of a second elutriation column l 1 through a inflow pipe e 1, the bottom of the cavity of the first elutriation column l 1 moves to the upper part of the cavity, in the process, particles with the volume v being larger than or equal to 4.246285mm/s are settled and accumulated at the bottom of the cavity of the first elutriation column l 1, the sample continuously flows to a outflow port B 1 of the first elutriation column l 1, then enters the bottom of the cavity of the second elutriation column l 2 through a connecting pipe D 1 and an inflow pipe e 2 of the second elutriation column l 2, in the process, the particles with the volume v being larger than or equal to 26 mm/s are accumulated at the bottom of the cavity of the second elutriation column l 3625, in the process, and the particles with the volume v being larger than or equal to seven settling at the volume v being larger than or equal to 83 mm/s are accumulated at the bottom of the cavity of the second elutriation column l 3535. The above-mentioned particulate matters accumulated at the bottom of each elutriation column respectively flow out of each corresponding sampling port (o 1、o2、o3、o4、o5、o6、o7) after opening each valve (k 1、k2、k3、k4、k5、k6、k7) and are collected, the particulate matter mass m ij is measured respectively, and the mass ratio f ij＝mij/mj in each elutriation column is calculated, wherein i represents the ith elutriation column, j=1 represents a drought sewage sample, j=2 represents a rainwater runoff sample, j=3 represents a sediment mixed solution sample before rainfall, j=4 represents a rainwater mixed solution sample, and j=5 represents a sediment mixed solution sample after rainfall.
Further, the distance from the bottom of the inflow pipe e i to the bottom of the elutriation column l i is no more than 1/10 of the height of the cavity of the elutriation column l i, and the distance from the bottom of the outflow pipe g i to the top of the elutriation column l i is no more than 1/10 of the height of the cavity of the elutriation column l i.
Step three: and sampling the duty ratio f ij of the particulate matters under different sedimentation rates of the particulate matters from different sources by using a static Monte Carlo-artificial neural network algorithm.
Using arithmetic mean of subsamples F ij of random variable F, i.eAs the approximation solved. Namely, according to the determined distribution parameters of the random variable F, a group of random numbers F ij corresponding to the random variable F are randomly extracted, and the accuracy of F ij is improved by optimizing the sampling process by using a Sigmoid activation function F (x) = (e x-e-x)/ex+e-x and BP single hidden layer network structure).
Step four: and establishing mass balance equations of particles from different sources, and solving the input proportion.
Establishing a mass balance equation of the particulate matters at each sedimentation rate v i, wherein the mass balance equation is as follows:
Where M ij is the contribution of the j source to the particulate matter at the ith settling rate, i is taken from 1 to 7. Further refinement of equation 7, the following equation can be found:
Wherein, Representing the sum of the particulate matter mass of the drought sewage input in the drainage pipeline 2-1,/>Representing the sum of the particulate matter amounts of the rain water runoff inputs in the drainage pipeline 2-1,/>Representing the sum of the amounts of particulate matter in the pipeline sediment sample before the occurrence of a rainfall event in the drainage pipeline 2-1,/>Representing the sum of the amounts of particulate matters in the rain, rain and sewage mixed water sample in the drainage pipeline 2-1,/>Representing the sum of the amounts of particulate matter in the pipe sediment sample after the occurrence of a rainfall event in the drainage pipe 2-1,/>For the elutriation structure, the mass percentage of each sample is intercepted, Q n (t) represents the flow (L/s) of drought sewage at the time t in the nth drought sewage sampling, C nu (t) represents the concentration (mg/L) of particles in drought sewage at the upstream of the time t in the nth drought sewage sampling, t 0 represents the monitoring starting time(s), t represents the instant time(s) of collecting the sample, and other symbol meanings are described above.
By combining (formula 8) to (formula 10), the probability distribution, confidence interval and median (see FIG. 10) of the proportion beta 1 of the total amount of particulate matters in the drought sewage input drainage pipeline 2-1 to the total amount of particulate matters in the rainwater runoff input drainage pipeline 2-1 in the evaluation period can be obtained by substituting the random number F ij And evaluating the proportion beta 2＝1-β1 of the total amount of the particles in the rainwater runoff input drainage pipeline 2-1 to the total amount of the particles in the drought sewage and the rainwater runoff total input drainage pipeline 2-1 in the period.
Step five: and (5) quantitatively calculating the source of the pipeline sediment.
In order to quantify the contribution ratio of drought sewage and rainwater runoff to pipeline sediments, the total sedimentation amount W 1 of the particulates of the drought sewage in the evaluation period is calculated by considering the certainty of the periodic flow and the water quality characteristics of the drought sewage, and the calculation mode is as follows:
The time interval between the upstream sampling point 2-5 and the downstream sampling point 2-6 is determined according to the flow time δt between the upstream sampling point 2-5 in the upstream manhole 2-2 and the downstream sampling point 2-6 in the downstream manhole 2-3 in the drain pipe 2-1. And measuring the particle concentration and flow process lines in 12 batches of drought sewage to obtain the total particle sedimentation amount of each batch of drought sewage, averaging to obtain the sedimentation amount of the particles in the drainage pipeline 2-1 in the drought sewage of unit drought day, multiplying the sedimentation amount by the number T 1 of the drought day to obtain the contribution W 1 (formula 11) of the drought sewage to delta M in the evaluation period, and further obtaining W 2＝δM-W1.
Application example:
The length of the confluent pipe section is 160m, and besides the input of the rainwater runoff and the upstream drought sewage, no other branch pipe is used for inputting the water quantity into the pipe section, 46 days and 6 days of the drought and the rain are taken as the total in the evaluation period (the rainfall is 20mm, 27mm, 18mm, 31mm, 38mm and 45mm respectively). And the quantitative analysis results of the sediment sources of the converging pipe pipeline in the evaluation period are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 quantitative analysis results of source of converging tube pipeline sediment during the study period
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A method for quantitatively calculating a source of drain pipeline sediment, comprising:
step one, pre-analysis of a particulate matter sedimentation rate background value:
Selecting a target drainage pipeline, continuously collecting water samples at downstream sampling points in a downstream inspection well of the drainage pipeline in rainy days and dry days, respectively mixing a dry-day sample and a rain-day sample according to the water quantity proportion of a flow process line to obtain a dry-day mixed sample and a rain-day mixed sample, and measuring the sedimentation rate of particles of the rain-day mixed sample and the dry-day mixed sample through an elutriation process;
Step two, analyzing sedimentation rate distribution characteristics of different types of particles:
Collecting drought sewage in a drought day and rain sewage mixed water in a rain day respectively at a downstream sampling point in a downstream inspection well of the drainage pipeline, collecting pipeline sediments before and after each rainfall event respectively at sediment sampling points in the drainage pipeline, and collecting rainfall runoffs in a rainwater grate connected to the drainage pipeline; the drought sewage is collected into n batches, wherein n is more than or equal to 1; the rain sewage mixed water and the rain runoff are collected in y batches respectively, and y is more than or equal to 1; when collecting the pipeline sediment, synchronously collecting the upper sewage at the same sampling point, mixing the pipeline sediment and the upper sewage, slowly stirring to form sediment mixed solution, and simultaneously, immediately elutriating after fishing out the floaters and the blocks; elutriation and separation are carried out on the n batches of drought sewage samples, the y batches of rain sewage mixed water samples, the y batches of rain water runoff samples, the y batches of sediment mixed liquid samples before rainfall and the y batches of sediment mixed liquid samples after rainfall to obtain sedimentation rate distribution of each sample;
Step three, sampling the duty ratio f ij of the particulate matters under different sedimentation rates of the particulate matters from different sources by utilizing a static Monte Carlo-artificial neural network algorithm:
Using arithmetic mean of subsamples F ij of random variable F, i.e As the solved approximation, namely according to the determined distribution parameter of the random variable F, randomly extracting a group of random numbers F ij corresponding to the random variable F, and optimizing the sampling process by using a Sigmoid activation function F (x) = (e x-e-x)/ex+e-x and BP single hidden layer network structure;
step four, establishing mass balance equations of particles from different sources, and solving input proportion:
Establishing a mass balance equation of the particulate matters at each sedimentation rate v i, wherein the mass balance equation is as follows: wherein M ij is the contribution of the j source to the particulate matter at the ith settling rate, further refining the mass balance equation, the following equation can be obtained:
Wherein, Representing the sum of the particulate matter mass of the drought sewage input in the drainage pipeline,/>Representing the sum of the particulate matter amounts of the rainwater runoff inputs in the drainage pipeline,/>Representing the sum of the amounts of particulate matter in the pipeline sediment sample before the occurrence of a rainfall event in the drainage pipeline,/>Representing the sum of the amounts of particulate matters in the rain and sewage mixed water sample in the drainage pipelineRepresenting the sum of the amounts of particulate matter in the pipe sediment sample after the occurrence of a rainfall event in the drainage pipe,/>Intercepting mass percentages of all samples for the elutriation structure, wherein Q n (t) represents flow of drought sewage at a moment t in the nth drought sewage sampling, C nu (t) represents concentration of particles in drought sewage at a moment t upstream in the nth drought sewage sampling, t 0 represents monitoring starting time, and t represents instant moment of collecting samples;
By combining the equations, substituting the random number F ij, the probability distribution, the confidence interval and the median of the proportion beta 1 of the total particulate matters of the drought sewage and the total particulate matters of the rainwater runoff, which are input into the drainage pipeline, in the evaluation period in the drainage pipeline can be obtained Evaluating the proportion beta 2＝1-β1 of the total amount of the particulate matters input into the drainage pipeline by the rainwater runoff in the period to the total amount of the particulate matters input into the drainage pipeline by the sum of drought sewage and the rainwater runoff;
Step five, quantitatively calculating the source of the pipeline sediment:
Determining the time interval between an upstream sampling point and a downstream sampling point according to the flowing time delta T between the upstream sampling point and the downstream sampling point of the drainage pipeline of drought water flow, obtaining the total sedimentation amount of particles in the drainage pipeline of drought water flow of each batch by measuring the concentration and flow process lines of the particles in n batches of drought water flow sewage, obtaining the sedimentation amount of the particles in the drought water flow sewage of unit drought water after average value taking, multiplying the sedimentation amount by the drought water day number T 1, and obtaining the contribution amount of the drought water flow sewage to delta M in an evaluation period And further calculating the accumulated contribution W 2＝δM-W1 of the particulate matters in the rainfall runoff in the evaluation period to the pipeline sediment, wherein T 1 represents the number of days of drought in the evaluation period.
2. The quantitative calculation method for the sediment source of the drainage pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the first step specifically comprises the following steps:
Selecting a target drainage pipeline, continuously collecting a water sample at a downstream sampling point in a downstream inspection well of the drainage pipeline on a rainy day with typical rainfall and a dry day with a early sunny day number of more than 4 days, and measuring the sedimentation rate distribution of particulate matters in the water sample; the continuous acquisition frequency relates to a rainy day sampling frequency and a dry day sampling frequency respectively, the rainy day sampling frequency is determined according to the duration of rainfall on the same day and the rainfall intensity, and the dry day sampling frequency is uniformly distributed according to time; the rainy day samples and the dry day samples are respectively mixed according to the flow change in the drainage pipeline when each sample is collected in each batch and the water quantity proportion, so that a rainy day mixed sample and a dry day mixed sample of each batch are respectively obtained; and determining the sedimentation rate distribution of the particles by the rainy day mixed sample and the dry day mixed sample respectively through an elutriation process, and further analyzing in advance whether the number and the size of elutriation columns in an elutriation structure meet the requirements of separating the particles with different sedimentation rates.
3. The quantitative calculation method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the drought sewage are the same as those of the drought mixed sample in the first step, the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the rain sewage mixed sample are the same as those of the rain mixed sample in the first step, and the collection frequency and the mixing mode of the rainfall runoff are the same as those of the rain sewage mixed sample.
4. A method of quantitatively calculating a source of drain line sediment as set forth in claim 1, wherein the means for use in the elutriation process comprises: the device comprises a stirrer, a sample tank, a peristaltic pump, an elutriation structure, a connecting pipe A between the peristaltic pump and the sample tank, a connecting pipe B between the peristaltic pump and the elutriation structure, a collecting tank and a connecting pipe C between the elutriation structure and the collecting tank; wherein,
The elutriation structure comprises i elutriation columns which are sequentially and transversely arranged from large to small according to the settling rate v i of separated particles, and connecting pipes are arranged between every two adjacent elutriation columns: the outlet tube g 1 of the first elutriation column l 1 is connected to one side of a connecting tube D 1, the other side of the connecting tube D 1 is connected to the top of the inlet tube e 2 of the second elutriation column l 2, and so on, until the outlet tube g i-1 of the i-1 th elutriation column l i-1 is connected to one side of a connecting tube D i-1, the other side of the connecting tube D i-1 is connected to the top of the inlet tube e i of the i-th elutriation column l i;
The elutriation process of the sample is as follows: the sample is placed in a sample pool, the stirrer is continuously stirred in the elutriation process, the peristaltic pump is started, the sample enters an inflow pipe e 1 of a first elutriation column l 1 through a connecting pipe A and a connecting pipe B, the sample enters the bottom of a cavity of the first elutriation column l 1 through a inflow pipe e 1 and moves from the bottom of the cavity of the first elutriation column l 1 to the upper part of the cavity, in the process, the particles with v not less than v 1 settle and accumulate at the bottom of the cavity of the first elutriation column l 1, the sample continuously flows to an outflow port B 1 of the first elutriation column l 1 and then enters the bottom of the cavity of a second elutriation column l 2 through a connecting pipe D 1 and an inflow pipe e 2 of a second elutriation column l 2, and moving from the bottom of the cavity of the second elutriation column l 2 to the upper part of the cavity, wherein in the process, the sedimentation of the particles with v being larger than or equal to v 2 is accumulated at the bottom of the cavity of the second elutriation column l 2, and so on until the sedimentation of the particles with v being larger than or equal to v i is accumulated at the bottom of the cavity of the ith elutriation column l i, the particles accumulated at the bottom of each elutriation column respectively flow out of the corresponding sampling ports and are collected and respectively measured for the mass of the particles, and then the accumulated mass m ij of the particles in each elutriation column and the mass ratio f ij＝mij/mj in each elutriation column are obtained, wherein j=1 represents a drought sewage sample, j=2 represents a rainfall runoff sample, j=3 represents a sediment mixed liquid sample before rainfall, j=4 represents a rainfall mixed water sample, j=5 represents a sample of the sediment mixture after rainfall.
5. The quantitative calculation method for sediment sources of a drainage pipeline according to claim 4, wherein the tops of i elutriation columns of the elutriation structure are respectively provided with a rubber plug, the rubber plugs are respectively provided with an inflow hole and an outflow hole, the bottoms of the i elutriation columns are respectively provided with a valve capable of being opened and closed, the lower parts of the valves are respectively provided with a sampling port, inflow pipes and outflow pipes are respectively arranged in the cavities of the i elutriation columns, the inflow pipes extend into the cavities of the elutriation columns from the inflow holes of the elutriation columns, and the outflow pipes extend into the cavities of the elutriation columns from the outflow holes of the elutriation columns.
6. A method of quantifying drainage pipe sediment sources according to claim 4, wherein the number i of elutriation columns in the elutriation structure is determined according to the sedimentation rate distribution characteristics of the dry mixed sample and the rain mixed sample, and the ith elutriation column corresponds to a sedimentation rate v i, i.e. the sedimentation rate v i is calculated by the ratio of the elutriation flow Q i to the cross-sectional area S i of each elutriation column.
7. The quantitative calculation method for source of drain pipeline sediment according to claim 4, wherein the distance from the bottom of the inflow pipe e i to the bottom of the elutriation column l i is no more than 1/10 of the height of the cavity of the elutriation column l i, and the distance from the bottom of the outflow pipe g i to the top of the elutriation column l i is no more than 1/10 of the height of the cavity of the elutriation column l i.
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